新高考高二英语下学期期末考试分类汇编阅读理解之议论文

这是一份新高考高二英语下学期期末考试分类汇编阅读理解之议论文，共42页。
In an experiment that expsed healthy vlunteers t a cld r flu virus, researchers fund that peple with a generally sunny character were less likely t fail ill.
The findings, published in the jurnal Psychsmatic Medicine, build n evidence that a “psitive emtinal style” can help ward ff the cmmn cld and ther illness.
“Peple with a psitive emtinal style may have different immune（免疫的）respnses t the virus,” explained lead study authr Dr Sheldn Chen f Carnegie Melln University in Pittsburgh. “And when they d get a cld, they may interpret their illness as being less severe.”
Chen and his clleagues has fund in a previus study that happier peple seemed less likely t catch a cld, but sme questins remained as t whether the emtinal quality itself had the effect.
Fr the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults cmplete standard measures f persnality qualities, physicals health and “emtinal style”.
Thse wh tended t be happy, energetic and easy–ging were judged as having a psitive emtinal style, while thse wh were ften unhappy, tense and hstile（敌意的）had a negative style.
Afterwards, the researchers gave them nse drps cntaining either a cld virus r a particular flu virus that causes flu-like symptms. Over the next six days, the vlunteers reprted n any aches, pains, sneezing they had. Chen and his clleagues fund that happy peple were less likely t develp a cld.
What`s mre, when happy flks did develp a cld, their symptms were less severe than expected based n bjective measures.
In cntrast, peple with negative characters were nt at increased risk f develping a cld based n bjective measures, thugh they did tend t get dwn abut their symptms.
“We find that it`s really psitive emtins that have the big effect,” Chen said, “nt the negative nes.”
S can a bad-tempered persn fight a cld by deciding t be happy?
1．What des the underlined phrase "ward ff" in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Get clse t.B．Keep away frm.
C．Get used t.D．G n with.
2．What was the purpse f Chen's new study?
A．T find effective ways t fight illnesses.
B．T test peple's different immune respnses t cld virus.
C．T tell differences between happy peple and unhappy peple.
D．T examine whether health was related t emtinal styles,
3．Hw did Chen reach his cnclusin?
A．By cmparing different experimental results.
B．By asking the vlunteers t cmplete n frm.
C．By cllecting data amng peple with n cld.
D．By bserving the vlunteers' symptms.
4．What can we cnclude frm the text?
A．Success is the twin f psitive spirits.
B．We get mre by being mre psitive.
C．The happier we are, the fewer clds we will suffer.
D．Physical health is mre imprtant than mental health.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章提出，在寒冷的季节保持积极的心态可能是你预防生病的最好方法，并通过实验研究的方式来证明这一观点。
1．词义猜测题。A. Get clse t.靠近，接近；B. Keep away frm.远离；C. Get used t.习惯于；D. G n with.继续。根据文章第一句“Staying psitive thrugh the cld seasn culd be yur best defense against getting sick（在寒冷的季节保持积极的心态可能是你预防生病的最好方法，）”可知，积极的心态可以让人少生病，划线词所在句子“that a “psitive emtinal style” can help ward ff the cmmn cld and ther illness.( “积极情绪”有助于ward ff感冒和其他疾病。”的主语是a psitive emtinal style，宾语是the cmmn cld and ther illness，可推断，该句中的ward ff意为：远离，故选B项。
2．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中Chen 所说的话“We find that it`s really psitive emtins that have the big effect（我们发现积极的情绪有很大的影响）”可推断，他们做这项研究的目的就是为了检查健康是否与情绪类型有关。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第五段中“Chen and his clleagues fund that happy peple were less likely t develp a cld.（科恩和他的同事们发现，快乐的人不容易患感冒。）”和倒数第四段“What`s mre, when happy flks did develp a cld, their symptms were less severe than expected based n bjective measures.（更重要的是，当快乐的人们真的患了感冒时，根据客观测量他们的症状比预期的要轻。）”可知，他们观察到了快乐的人们对感冒的反应；又根据倒数第三段“In cntrast, peple with negative characters were nt at increased risk f develping a cld based n bjective measures, thugh they did tend t get dwn abut their symptms.（相比之下，根据客观测量，性格消极的人患感冒的风险并不会增加，尽管他们确实倾向于对自己的症状表达不满。）”可知，他们通过对比的方式发现性格消极的人对感冒的反应。综上所述，他们是通过对比两种实验结果而得出“积极的情绪对健康有很大的影响”这一结论的，故选A项。
4．主旨大意题。文章第一段开篇点题“Staying psitive thrugh the cld seasn culd be yur best defense against getting sick（在寒冷的季节保持积极的心态可能是你预防生病的最好方法）”，后面整篇文章通过介绍科学研究的过程及结论来证明第一段提出的论点，因此我们可以从文章中得出“我们越快乐就越少受感冒的折磨”这一结论。故选C项。
（二）
（2021·辽宁沈阳·高二期末）A decade ag, at the end f my first semester teaching at Captain, my student Jack stpped by fr ffice hurs. He sat dwn and burst int tears. My mind started cycling thrugh a list f events that culd make a cllege junir cry: His girlfriend had brken up with him; he had been accused f cheating in exams; he frgt t turn in papers befre the deadline. "I just gt my first A minus," he said.
Year after year, I watch in depressin as students are crazy abut getting straight A's. Sme sacrifice their health; a few have even tried t charge their schl after failure. They believe tp marks are a ticket t elite graduate schls and rewarding jb pprtunities. I was ne f them. I started cllege with the gal f graduating with a GPA f 4.0. It wuld be a reflectin f my brainpwer and willpwer, shwing that I had the right things t succeed. But I was wrng.
The evidence is clear: Acrss industries, research shws that the assciatin between grades and jb perfrmance is mdest in the first year after cllege and insignificant within a handful f years. Fr example, at Micrsft, nce emplyees are tw r three years ut f cllege, their grades have nthing t d with their perfrmance.( Of curse, it must be said that if yu gt D's, yu prbably wuldn't end up at Micrsft.)
Academic grades rarely assess qualities like creativity, leadership and teamwrk skills, r scial, emtinal and plitical intelligence. Yes, straight A students master large amunts f infrmatin and reprduce it in exams. But career success is rarely abut finding the right slutin t a prblem—it's mre abut finding the right prblem t slve. This might explain why Steve Jbs finished high schl with a GPA f 2.65, and Martin Luther King Jr. gt nly ne A in his fur years at Mrehuse.
5．Why did Jack feel sad？
A．His girlfriend abandned him.B．He was caught cheating in exams.
C．He failed t get straight A's.D．He didn't hand in his paper in time.
6．What did the authr nce believe？
A．It was wrng t care t much abut marks.B．Failure was schls' fault.
C．Marks didn't reflect willpwer and brainpwer.D．Tp marks meant well-paid jb ffers.
7．Why are the emplyees at Micrsft mentined？
A．T indicate academic perfrmance is imprtant.
B．T stress the cmpany values emplyees with tp marks.
C．T intrduce successful examples in the technlgy industry.
D．T shw academic excellence isn't a strng predictr f career perfrmance.
8．What shuld peple fcus mre n t succeed？
A．Hw t slve a prblem.B．What prblem t be slved.
C．Hw t be a creative leader.D．What t d with detailed infrmatin.
【答案】5．C 6．D 7．D 8．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍很多学生热衷于考试得A，但是作者认为学习成绩优异并不能代表未来的成功，并说明了原因。作者最后指出事业上的成功并不在于找到解决问题的正确方法，更多的是找到需要解决的正确问题。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段中“‘I just gt my first A minus,’ he said.(“我第一次得了A -”他说)”可知，杰克因为没有得到A+而感到难过。故选C。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段中“They believe tp marks are a ticket t elite graduate schls and rewarding jb pprtunities. I was ne f them. I started cllege with the gal f graduating with a GPA f 4.0. It wuld be a reflectin f my brainpwer and willpwer, shwing that I had the right things t succeed. But I was wrng. (他们认为高分是进入精英研究生院和获得有价值的工作机会的门票。我就是其中之一。我开始大学生涯的目标是以4.0的GPA毕业。这将是我的智力和意志力的反映，表明我有获得成功的正确的事情。但我错了)”可知，作者曾经相信高分意味着高薪的工作机会。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The evidence is clear: Acrss industries, research shws that the assciatin between grades and jb perfrmance is mdest in the first year after cllege and insignificant within a handful f years. Fr example, at Micrsft, nce emplyees are tw r three years ut f cllege, their grades have nthing t d with their perfrmance.( Of curse, it must be said that if yu gt D's, yu prbably wuldn't end up at Micrsft.)”可知证据很明显：在各个行业中，研究表明，成绩和工作表现之间的联系在大学毕业后的第一年是适度的，在几年内也不显著。例如，在微软，一旦员工从大学毕业两三年，他们的成绩和他们的表现没有任何关系(当然，必须要说的是，如果你得了D，你可能就去不了微软了)。由此可推知，提到微软的员工是为了说明卓越的学历并不是职业表现的强有力预测。故选D。
8．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But career success is rarely abut finding the right slutin t a prblem—it's mre abut finding the right prblem t slve.(但是事业上的成功并不在于找到解决问题的正确方法，更多的是找到需要解决的正确问题)”可推知，要想成功，人们应该更多地专注要解决什么问题。故选B。
（三）
（2021湖南省岳阳市高二期末）As stay-at-hme rders relieve and cities repen fr business, many dctrs and hspital administratrs are calling fr a quick return f health care t pre-pandemic levels. Fr mnths nw, rutine care has been pstpned. Elective prcedures—big mneymakers—were stpped s that hspitals culd transfer resurces t treating Cvid-19 patients. Rutine clinic visits were canceled r replaced by nline sessins. This has resulted in great financial lsses fr hspitals and clinics. Hspitals have been frced t reduce emplyees r cut pay.
Mst patients, n the ther hand, at least thse with stable chrnic(慢性的) cnditins, seem t have dne OK. In a recent survey, nly ne in ten respndents said their health r a family member’s health had wrsened as a result f delayed care. Eighty-six percent said their health had stayed abut the same.
Admittedly, pstpning health care had terrible health cnsequences fr sme patients with nn-Cvid-19 illnesses. Still, a majrity f patients seem t have dne better than what mst dctrs expected. It will prbably take years t understand why. Hwever, perhaps Americans dn’t require the vlume(体积) f care that their dctrs are used t prviding.
It is well recgnized that a substantial amunt f health care in America is wasteful, accunting fr hundreds f billins f dllars f the ttal health care budget. Wasteful care is driven by many frces: “defensive” medicine by dctrs trying t avid lawsuits; the high prices that American dctrs and hspitals charge; a lack f cnsensus abut which treatments are effective; and the widespread belief that newer, mre expensive technlgy is always better.
In a survey a few years ag, tw-thirds f dctrs in the United States admitted that between 15 percent and 30 percent f health care is prbably unnecessary. Studies suggest that up t 20 percent f surgeries in sme specialties are unnecessary. If yur surgery was pstpned because f the pandemic, it is wrth having a cnversatin with yur dctr abut whether it is still needed.
Many institutins are using this difficult time in ur natin’s histry t make changes. The health care system shuld d the same.
9．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．Hspitals and clinics in America are suffering a great lss.
B．Dctrs and hspitals in America are calling fr the return f health care.
C．A large amunt f health care in America is unnecessary.
D．Mst patients’ health in America had becme wrse because f stay-at-hme rders.
10．It can be inferred frm the passage that _________.
A．hspitals and clinics in America used t make a lt f mney.
B．mst patients seem t have been in stable cnditins withut any treatment.
C．mst dctrs are prviding t little health care n purpse,
D．mst peple d nt need a surgery if it is pstpned because f the pandemic.
11．What is “defensive” medicine in paragraph 4 mean?
A．The medicine t defend the disease.
B．The medicine t prtect the patients.
C．The medicine t help the dctrs avid trubles.
D．The medicine t help the dctrs treat patients better.
12．The authr mentins “Many institutins are using this difficult time in ur natin’s histry t make changes” in the last paragraph t indicate that _________.
A．it is difficult t make a change in. histry.
B．many institutins have made changes in histry.
C．the health care system may g thrugh a hard time.
D．the health care system needs t make sme changes.
【答案】9．C 10．A 11．C 12．D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了新冠疫情造成的后果，一方面给医院和诊所造成了巨大的经济损失，另一方面，尽管推迟医疗保健对一些患有非Cvid-19疾病的患者造成了可怕的健康后果，但是，大多数患者的表现似乎比大多数医生预期的要好。由此得出结论：也许美国人并不需要他们的医生一直提供大量医疗服务。
9．主旨大意题。通过阅读文章内容可知，文章第一段至第三段内容揭示了新冠疫情对于美国医疗结构和病人带来的影响：一方面给医院和诊所造成了巨大的经济损失；另一方面，尽管推迟医疗保健，但是大多数患者的表现似乎比大多数医生预期的要好。从而在文章第三段末尾引出了本文的主要话题“Hwever, perhaps Americans dn’t require the vlume f care that their dctrs are used t prviding. (然而，也许美国人并不需要他们的医生一直提供大量医疗服务。)”，即文章主要讲述了“在美国，大量的医疗保健是不必要的”这一主要内容，并在后文用调查数据进行了详细解释。故选C项。
10．推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容“Fr mnths nw, rutine care has been pstpned. Elective prcedures—big mneymakers—were stpped s that hspitals culd transfer resurces t treating Cvid-19 patients. Rutine clinic visits were canceled r replaced by nline sessins. This has resulted in great financial lsses fr hspitals and clinics.(几个月来，常规护理被推迟了。为了使医院能够将资源转移到治疗Cvid-19患者，选择性手术——最赚钱的手术——被停止。常规门诊就诊被取消或被在线会诊取代。这给医院和诊所造成了巨大的经济损失。)”可知，在新冠疫情下，医院和和诊所的常规工作流程被迫发生改变，以致医院和诊所遭受巨大的经济损伤，由此可推知，美国的医院和诊所曾经（新冠疫情之前）赚了很多钱。故选A项。
11．词义猜测题。分析语境语法可知，短语“‘defensive’ medicine by dctrs trying t avid lawsuits”中，“‘defensive’medicine”是由医生开出的某种药物，这种药物是为了避免医生与患者之间产生医疗诉讼的药物，对医生来说是“保护性和防御性”的。由此可推知，“‘defensive’ medicine”可以理解为“帮助医生避免麻烦的药”。故选C项。
12．推理判断题。后文“The health care system shuld d the same.(医疗保健系统也应该这样做。)”是承接句子“Many institutins are using this difficult time in ur natin’s histry t make changes(许多机构正在利用国家历史上的这一困难时期进行变革)”的进一步解释，结合语境可知，“the same”应是指代句子中的“make changes(变革)”，由此可推知，作者提出该句应是为了表明医疗保健系统也需要像其他机构一样在这样的时期做出一些变革（以减少没有必要的医疗保健）。故选D项。
（四）
（2018湖北省黄冈市高二期末）There was a time when an event wuld nt begin withut a phtgrapher. “I remember the days when event rganisers wuld even delay a shw if the phtgrapher was running late,” says Balachandra Raju, a phtgrapher f Sathyam studi, a still surviving pht studi in India’s suthern city f Chennai.
Pht studis are facing extinctin in the digital age. But as they struggle t cntinue ding the business, ne research prject is lking at ways t preserve their legacy (遗产) by digitising archival (档案的) pictures.
The prject, funded by the British Library, visited arund 100 pht studis acrss the suth Indian state f Tamil Nadu and digitised 10,000 prints. Many f the phts were taken between1880-1980, and they ranged frm pictures f families and famus stars t weddings and funerals. “The digital archive will be an asset (有用之物) fr thse interested in histry,” said Ze E Headley, ne f the researchers. Ramesh Kumar, anther researcher n the prject, called it a “gld mine” fr phtgraphers. “The research we’ve dne als highlights prductin techniques used befre digital phtgraphy arrived in ur cities and twns,” he said.
Hwever, the researchers wuld ften find ld phts stacked (难叠) n tp f ne anther in the strage rm f a studi. “N ne had bthered t clean them,” Kumar said, adding that many phts had been damaged due t the ht and wet weather in Tamil Nadu.
The wner f Nallapillai studi in central Tamil Nadu said he spends abut 20,000 rupees (￡230; $310) each mnth t run the studi that was funded by his great grandfather almst 150 years ag. T survive in this digital age has been a struggle. “Many custmers dn’t bk us fr special events anymre,” he said, adding that they have all gt smartphnes t d the jb. “I’m nt sure if pht studis will exist five years frm nw,” he said. But this is why, accrding t Mr Raju, this archival prject is s imprtant. “When the researchers spent hurs in my studi, I saw them get excited ver all f these ld phts, and it was like they had given these pictures a secnd chance,” Raju said.
13．What can be inferred frm Paragraph 1?
A．Phtgraphers were lazy.
B．Phtgraphy was valued.
C．Expert phtgraphers were few.
D．Event rganisers were the mst imprtant.
14．Hw might the prject preserve pht studis legacy?
A．Pht studis can attract many visitrs.
B．Phtgraphers can have a gd wrking place.
C．Phtgraphers get t learn abut ld phtgraphy techniques.
D．Pht studis have the chance t take pictures f famus stars.
15．What has the researchers fund?
A．Sme pht studis are ding well.
B．Pht studis are bked fr special events.
C．Sme pht studis suffer frm bad weather.
D．Pht studis give ld pictures little prtectin.
16．What is Raju’s attitude twards the prject?
A．Hpeful.B．Anxius
C．Disapprving.D．Oppsed.
【答案】13．B 14．C 15．D 16．A
【解析】本文是议论文。论述了如今的数码时代，用智能手机拍照风行，旧时的照相馆是否还有存在的必要的论题。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段中的I remember the days when event rganisers wuld even delay a shw if the phtgrapher was running late可知，如果摄影师迟到，活动组织者甚至会推迟演出。由此可知，曾经摄影师的地位很高，摄影备受尊崇。故选B项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段中的Ramesh Kumar, anther researcher n the prject, called it a “gld mine” fr phtgraphers. “The research we’ve dne als highlights prductin techniques used befre digital phtgraphy arrived in ur cities and twns,” he said.可知，得益于该项目，如今的摄影师们有机会了解旧时的摄影技术，这对保护这些照相馆的遗产大有裨益。故选C项。
15．细节理解题。根据第四段中的Hwever, the researchers wuld ften find ld phts stacked (难叠) n tp f ne anther in the strage rm f a studi. “N ne had bthered t clean them,” Kumar said, adding that many phts had been damaged due t the ht and wet weather in Tamil Nadu.可知，在研究过程中，研究人员经常碰到的场景是：照相馆里的老照片被随意地堆放在一起，无人愿意清理它们，由于Tamil Nadu的天气又湿又热，很多照片甚至被损坏了。由此可推知，照相馆对于老照片的保护力度不够。故选D项。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的But this is why, accrding t Mr Raju, this archival prject is s imprtant. “When the researchers spent hurs in my studi, I saw them get excited ver all f these ld phts, and it was like they had given these pictures a secnd chance,” Raju said.可知，Raju认为这个项目很重要，研究人员对这些照片都很兴奋。由此推知，Raju对这个项目充满了希望。故选A项。
（五）
（2020辽宁师范大学附属中学高二期末）Hw culd we pssibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural envirnments－mstly fr entertainment purpses－is fair and respectful?
Z fficials say they are cncerned abut animals. Hwever, mst zs remain “cllectins” f interesting “things” rather than prtective habitats. Zs teach peple that it is acceptable t keep animals bred, lnely, and far frm their natural hmes.
Zs claim t educate peple and save endangered species, but visitrs leave zs withut having learned anything meaningful abut the animals’ natural behavir, intelligence, r beauty. Zs keep animals in small spaces r cages, and mst signs nly mentin the species’ name, diet, and natural range(分布区). The animals’ nrmal behavir is seldm nticed because zs dn’t usually take care f the animals’ natural needs.
The animals are kept tgether in small spaces, with n privacy and little pprtunity fr mental and physical exercise. This results in unusually self-destructive behavir called zchsis. A wrldwide study f zs fund that zchsis is cmmn amng animals kept in small spaces r cages. Anther study shwed that elephants spend 22 percent f their time making repeated head mvements r biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent f their time walking back and frth, a sign f unhappiness and pain.
Furthermre, mst animals in zs are nt endangered. Captive breeding(圈养繁殖) f endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and ther species has nt resulted in their being sent back t the wild. Zs talk a lt abut their captive breeding prgrams because they d nt want peple t wrry abut a species dying ut. In fact, baby animals als attract a lt f paying custmers. Haven’t we seen enugh cmpetitins t name baby animals?
Actually, we will save endangered species nly if we save their habitats and put an end t the reasns peple kill them. Instead f supprting zs, we shuld supprt grups that wrk t prtect animals’ natural habitats.
17．In the state f zchsis, animals _________.
A．remain in cagesB．behave strangely
C．attack ther animalsD．enjy mving arund
18．What des the authr try t argue in the passage?
A．Zs are nt wrth the public supprt.
B．Zs fail in their attempt t save animals.
C．Zs shuld treat animals as human beings.
D．Zs use animals as a means f entertainment.
19．The authr tries t persuade readers t accept his argument mainly by _________.
A．pinting ut the faults in what zs d
B．using evidence he has cllected at zs
C．questining the way animals are prtected
D．discussing the advantages f natural habitats
20．Althugh he argues against zs, the authr wuld still agree that __________.
A．zs have t keep animals in small cages
B．mst animals in zs are endangered species
C．sme endangered animals are reprduced in zs
D．it’s acceptable t keep animals away frm their habitats
【答案】17．B 18．A 19．A 20．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了作者对动物园的看法，作者认为动物园的动物并不快乐，而且呼吁我们去支持那些真正为保护野生动物栖息地的工作。
17．细节理解题。根据第四段“Anther study shwed that elephants spend 22 percent f their time making repeated head mvements r biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent f their time walking back and frth, a sign f unhappiness and pain.”可知，另一项研究显示，大象花22%的时间重复头部运动或咬笼子的栅栏，熊则花30%的时间来回走动，这是不快乐和痛苦的表现。由此可知，在动物精神病状态下，动物的行为很奇怪。故选B项。
18．细节理解题。根据最后一段“ Instead f supprting zs, we shuld supprt grups that wrk t prtect animals’ natural habitats.”可知，我们应该支持保护动物自然栖息地的团体，而不是支持动物园。由此可知，作者在文中试图论证 动物园不值得公众支持。故选A项。
19．推理判断题。根据第二段 Hwever, mst zs remain “cllectins” f interesting “things” rather than prtective habitats. Zs teach peple that it is acceptable t keep animals bred, lnely, and far frm their natural hmes.可知，然而，大多数动物园仍然是有趣的“东西”的“集合”，而不是保护性的栖息地。动物园告诉人们，让动物感到无聊、孤独和远离自然家园是可以接受的。根据第三段Zs claim t educate peple and save endangered species, but visitrs leave zs withut having learned anything meaningful abut the animals’ natural behavir, intelligence, r beauty.动物园声称教育人们和拯救濒危物种，但游客离开动物园时却没有了解到动物的自然行为、智力或美丽。根据第四段The animals are kept tgether in small spaces, with n privacy and little pprtunity fr mental and physical exercise. This results in unusually self-destructive behavir called zchsis. 动物们被关在一起的空间很小，很少有运动的机会。这导致了一种异常的自我毁灭行为，称之为动物精神病。由此判断出，作者主要通过指出动物园的错误行为试图说服读者接受他的观点。故选A项。
20．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Zs talk a lt abut their captive breeding prgrams because they d nt want peple t wrry abut a species dying ut.可知，动物园经常谈论他们的圈养繁殖计划，因为他们不希望人们担心一个物种会灭绝。由此判断出，尽管他反对动物园，但作者仍然同意一些濒危动物在动物园里繁殖。故选C项。
（六）
（2020·山东济南·高二期末）Teenagers wh travel arund the wrld alne have been making headlines quite ften. A yung persn alne in a dangerus situatin attracts attentin and spnsrs. Yung sailrs als attract varius views. Fr example, Jessica Watsn was asked by the gvernment t cancel her vyage, yet the Prime Minister called her “a her fr yung Australians” when she returned. It seemed there is cnfusin abut the cmpetence and independence f yung peple.
The ppular psychlgists tell us that teenage brains are likely t make wrng judgments. But such ideas ften d nt apply t specific individuals. Between the ages f 14 and 18, teenagers vary greatly in their abilities. The amunt f independence that each is allwed shuld be determined nt simply by their age but by discussin with the related, respnsible adults. Sme teens are certainly inexperienced and capable f childish mistakes, but the nes wh attempt dangerus jurneys nrmally d s by winning the cnfidence f hard-headed and well-qualified adult supprters.
But it’s als wrng t think that any 16-year-ld can desire t get achievements as unusual as Jessica Watsn’s. Watsn calls herself “an rdinary girl wh had a dream”. Her intentin is t encurage teenagers but this idea can have the ppsite effect f making them feel nt gd enugh because great achievements are beynd them. Shuld all teens have such dreams? Actually, individuals face varying circumstances that restrict their dreams.
Teenagers wh travel arund the wrld alne shuld nt be judged by precnceived (事先形成的) views abut yung peple. Nr shuld yung “rdinary” teenagers feel pressure t lng fr extrardinary persnal gals. In fact, I believe the example f sl sailing verstresses individualism. The teenage years are when mst f us “rdinary” peple learn that we can achieve great things in cperatin with thers.
21．What can we learn abut Jessica Watsn?
A．She was criticized by the gvernment.
B．She eventually canceled her vyage.
C．She has traveled arund the wrld.
D．She made a successful vyage.
22．What can be inferred abut teenagers frm the text?
A．They have similar abilities.
B．They make decisins n their wn.
C．They always make wrng judgments.
D．They need supprts f respnsible adults.
23．Wh des the underlined wrd “them” in Paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Parents.B．Teenagers.
C．Psychlgists.D．Adults.
24．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Divided Opinins n Yung Adventurers
B．Prblems Faced by Adventurus Teens
C．Varius Ways t Becme Independent
D．Pressure t Achieve Persnal Gals
【答案】21．D 22．D 23．B 24．A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了独自一人环游世界的青少年经常成为头条新闻，一个年轻人Jessica Watsn成为了澳大利亚年轻人的英雄，为此各方有着不同的看法。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Fr example, Jessica Watsn was asked by the gvernment t cancel her vyage, yet the Prime Minister called her “a her fr yung Australians” when she returned.”可知，政府要求Jessica Watsn取消航行，但在她返回时总理称她为澳大利亚年轻人的英雄。由此可知，Jessica Watsn进行了一次成功的航行。故选D。
22．推理判断题。根据第二段的“ The amunt f independence that each is allwed shuld be determined nt simply by their age but by discussin with the related, respnsible adults. Sme teens are certainly inexperienced and capable f childish mistakes, but the nes wh attempt dangerus jurneys nrmally d s by winning the cnfidence f hard-headed and well-qualified adult supprters.”可知，允许每个人独立的程度不仅应由他们的年龄决定，还需要与相关的负责任的成年人讨论。有些青少年肯定是没有经验的，并且容易犯幼稚的错误，但是那些尝试危险旅行的青少年那样做通常是得到了精明冷静的和有学识的成人支持者的信任。由此可知，青少年需要负责任的成年人的支持。故选D。
23．指代猜测题。根据第三段的“But it’s als wrng t think that any 16-year-ld can desire t get achievements as unusual as Jessica Watsn’s. Watsn calls herself “an rdinary girl wh had a dream”. Her intentin is t encurage teenagers but this idea can have the ppsite effect f making them feel nt gd enugh because great achievements are beynd them. Shuld all teens have such dreams? Actually, individuals face varying circumstances that restrict their dreams.”可知，认为任何16岁的年轻人都渴望获得Jessica Watsn一样出色的成就也是错误的。Watsn称自己为一个有梦想的普通女孩。她这样做的目的是为了鼓励青少年，但是这个想法可能产生相反的效果，使他们感到自己不够好，因为在他们看来伟大的成就是他们不可触及的。所有的青少年都应该有这样的梦想吗？实际上，每个人面临着各种不同的情况，这限制了他们的梦想。由此可知，划线词they指代的是前文提到的青少年。故选B。
24．标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了独自一人环游世界的青少年经常成为头条新闻，一个处境危险的年轻人Jessica Watsn成为了澳大利亚年轻人的英雄，为此各方有着不同的看法。下文具体地分析了人们的不同看法。根据第二题的分析可知，第二段提到“青少年需要负责任的成年人的支持”。第三段提到“认为任何16岁的年轻人都渴望获得Jessica Watsn一样出色的成就也是错误的”。最后一段中提到作者的看法“不应仅凭对年轻人的先入为主的看法来判断在世界各地旅行的青少年。青少年也不应感到压力去渴望达到非凡的个人目标。实际上，我相信单人航行的例子过分强调个人主义。十几岁的时候，我们大多数普通人都知道我们可以与他人合作来成就伟大的事情”。因此A项（对年轻冒险者的不同看法。）可以作为文章的标题。故选A。
（七）
（2019·山东济宁·高二期末）High schl bilgy teacher Kelly Chavis knew smartphnes were a prblem in her class. But nt even the students realized hw much f a prblem the devices were until Chavis did an in-class experiment.
Fr ne class perid, students used a whitebard t cunt every Snapchat, Instagram, text, call that appeared n their phnes. Chavis is amng a grwing number f teachers, parents and health experts wh believe that smartphnes are nw partly t blame fr increasing the levels f student anxiety. “One girl, just during the ne hur, gt clse t 150 Snapchat ntificatins. 150!” she said.
Jean Twenge, a psychlgy prfessr at San Dieg State University in Califrnia, said it is nt a cincidence that yuth mental health issues have risen with the number f phnes. “This use f phnes has led t a lss f sleep and face-t-face interactins necessary fr their grwth,” she said.
Researchers are still nt sure whether phnes cause student depressin r depressin causes phne use. But nearly 60 percent f parents said they wrry abut the influence f scial media n their child’s physical and mental health.
Bth schls and parents are starting t take steps t deal with the prblem. Many public schls pay utside cmpanies t watch students’ scial media activity fr signs f anxiety. Other schls invite in yga teachers and cmfrt dgs t help calm students.
25．What’s the purpse f Chavis’s experiment?
A．T see hw many students have smartphnes.
B．T find ut hw ppular her students are.
C．T shw smartphnes influence teenagers greatly.
D．T tell her students hw t use smartphnes wisely.
26．Hw did Kelly Chavis feel abut the result?
A．Shcked.B．Excited.C．Satisfied.D．Frightened.
27．Which f the fllwing is true accrding t Jean Twenge?
A．Students are nw under great stress.
B．Students spend t much mney n smartphnes.
C．Over-using phnes cause drps in students’ grades.
D．Over-using phnes may harm students’ bdy and mind.
28．What might be talked abut if the passage is cntinued?
A．Hw ther schls deal with students’ phnes.
B．Whether the ways t handle phnes are effective.
C．Hw sme parents deal with their children’s phnes.
D．Whether students are willing t give up using phnes.
【答案】25．C 26．A 27．D 28．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者通过Kelly Chavis的课堂实验展示了智能手机对学生的影响，并引一些专业人士的观点来支持个人的论证，继而说明了学校就学生使用手机问题采取的措施。
25．细节理解题。根据第一段的But nt even the students realized hw much f a prblem the devices were until Chavis did an in-class experiment.和下文可知，直到查维斯在课堂上做了一个实验，学生们才意识到这些设备有多大的问题：焦虑、睡眠不足等问题，故查维斯的实验目的是想去展示手机对青少年的影响很大，故选C项。
26．推理判断题。根据第二段的Chavis is amng a grwing number f teachers…are nw partly t blame fr increasing the levels f…“One girl, just during the ne hur, gt clse t 150 Snapchat ntificatins. 150!” she said.越来越多的老师、家长和健康专家认为，学生的焦虑程度越来越高，部分原因是智能手机造成的，查维斯就是其中之一。“一个女孩在一个小时内收到了近150条Snapchat通知。150条!”，可知Chavis对于实验的结果是非常震惊的，故选A项。
27．推理判断题。根据第三段的it is nt a cincidence that yuth mental health issues have risen with the number f phnes.可知Jean Twenge认为过度使用手机可能会伤害学生的身心。故选D项。
28．推理判断题。根据最后一段的第一句Bth schls and parents are starting t take steps t deal with the prblem.可知最后一段讨论的是学校应采取的措施，那么接下来的段落可能会讨论的问题是一些父母如何处理他们孩子的手机。故选C项。
（八）
（2019·重庆·高二期末）I was watching a kid ding tricks n his skatebard. He was ding pretty well until he tried t skate dwn a set f steps and lst his balance. The skatebard went ne way and he went the ther. But, lying n the cncrete, he still managed t keep his sense f humr. He lked at me, smiled and said, “Epic fail!”
The term “epic fail” isn’t prper grammatical English (we shuld use the nun frm “failure”), but it is cmmnly used and perfectly acceptable. Peple use it t describe small embarrassments as well as serius mistakes. The kid n the skatebard suffered a small embarrassment. An example f a serius epic fail wuld be Hillary Clintn’s lss t Dnald Trump in the U.S. presidential electin. The nly difference between the tw was hw they respnded t their epic fails. The kid laughed at his embarrassment and gt back n his skatebard. Hillary Clintn, n the ther hand, culd nt accept her epic fail but, instead, wrte a bitter bk abut it in which she blamed everyne but herself fr the lss.
All f us can expect t have epic fails in ur life. We might fail an exam r nt win a prize in sme cmpetitin. Later in life, we may nt get the jb we want r be as successful as we hped we wuld be. But if we manage t keep ur sense f humr and a psitive attitude, we can vercme ur epic fails. One embarrassing mistake r even a serius disappintment des nt mean the end f the wrld.
Here’s a histrical example f what I mean. Alfred the Great (849-899) was an English king in ancient Britain. At the time, his kingdm was being invaded by Vikings and Alfred suffered an epic fail when his army was defeated in a big battle. He managed t escape frm the battlefield and fund safety many miles away in the hut f a pr peasant wman. The wman didn’t knw wh he was and when she had t leave the hut t d sme chres, she tld Alfred t watch sme wheat cakes that were cking n the fire. Alfred, still thinking abut his big epic fail, frgt abut the cakes and they were burned. When the wman returned, she sclded Alfred, but he didn’t get angry. Her criticism, instead, seemed t help him put his situatin int perspective.
Sn after, Alfred left the hut, gathered his scattered army and defeated the Vikings. Epic fails, big and small, can always be vercme with the right attitude.
29．Accrding t the article, which f the fllwing is NOT an epic fail?
A．Be defeated in a basketball match.
B．Slip when dancing in frnt f yur friends.
C．Fail t win a prize in a cmpetitin.
D．Get blamed fr yur friend’s mistake.
30．Accrding t the article, hw did Hillary Clintn respnd t her epic fail?
A．She wrte a bk analyzing her failure.
B．She laughed at her failure with a sense f humr.
C．She failed t recgnize her respnsibility in the failure.
D．She thught abut hw she culd perfrm better in the next electin.
31．What can we learn frm the text?
A．All f us can encunter epic fail in ur life.
B．We use the term “epic fail” t describe big mistakes nly.
C．If we change ur attitude, we may nt suffer frm epic fail
D．A serius embarrassment can be cmpared with the end f the wrld
32．By mentining the stry f Alfred the Great, the authr wants t illustrate that ____.
A．even kings may encunter epic fails
B．it is easier fr frgetful peple t vercme epic fails
C．all epic fails can be vercme with the right attitude
D．criticism plays an imprtant rle in vercming epic fails
【答案】29．D 30．C 31．A 32．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文，“epic fail”表示“惨败”，它不是正确的语法，但是使用非常频繁，作者通过阿尔弗雷德大帝的事例说明人生难免有惨败，但是只要我们保持幽默和乐观，我们就能战胜失败。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段中“We might fail an exam r nt win a prize in sme cmpetitin. Later in life, we may nt get the jb we want r be as successful as we hped we wuld be.(我们可能考试不及格或在某些比赛中不能获奖。在以后的生活中，我们可能不会得到我们想要的工作，或者不像我们希望的那样成功。)”可知，生活中比赛失利、朋友面前表演出丑和没有获奖都是惨败，D项“因为朋友的过错而被责备”不是惨败。故选D项。
30．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“Hillary Clintn, n the ther hand, culd nt accept her epic fail but, instead, wrte a bitter bk abut it in which she blamed everyne but herself fr the lss.(另一方面， Hillary Clintn无法接受自己的惨败，而是写了一本关于失败的苦涩的书，在书中，她将失败归咎于所有人，唯独没有责怪自己。)”可知，对于失败，Hillary Clintn责怪其他所有人而没有责怪自己，所以她没有认识到自己在失败中的责任。故选C项。
31．细节理解题。根据第三段首句“All f us can expect t have epic fails in ur life.(我们每个人在生活中都有惨败。)”可知，我们在生活中都可能遇到惨败。故选A项。
32．推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“But if we manage t keep ur sense f humr and a psitive attitude, we can vercme ur epic fails. One embarrassing mistake r even a serius disappintment des nt mean the end f the wrld.(但是如果我们能保持我们的幽默感和积极的态度，我们就能战胜我们的失败。一个令人尴尬的错误，甚至是一个严重的失望并不意味着世界末日。)”提到，有正确的态度就能战胜失败，结合第四段首句“Here’s a histrical example f what I mean.(这里有一个历史上的例子。)”及本段内容可知，作者提到阿尔弗雷德大帝的例子是为了证明自己的上述观点，即正确的态度能战胜所有的惨败。故选C项。
（九）
（2020·湖北恩施·高二期末）T me, Shakespeare is a bit f a tuchy subject in the theatre industry. I believe Shakespeare’s plays t be the mst challenging in terms f language. When yu have challenging language, then understanding the plt and tpics will becme a challenge as well. It’s like a chain. If yu dn’t understand it frm the start, it makes things hard later n and peple tend t give up n it. Regardless f all f this, I believe Shakespeare is imprtant in the sense that it’s where true theatre started. William Shakespeare is a name everyne knws regardless f whether yu enjy his wrks r nt.
Many high schls r clleges put n at least ne Shakespeare play every few years and I like that. I think it’s imprtant t expse students t plays that are a bit mre challenging than they used t be. Of curse. it’s nt easy t understand these plays but then think abut the peple wh act in thse plays. When acting, yu have t understand yur character and nt nly that, yu need t cmpletely knw everything ging n arund yu as well. S t understand the script (剧本) is ne thing. but t act in a Shakespeare play is a whle anther thing. Hw abut memrizing the lines? That’s ne f the hardest things actrs have t get thrugh. It is such heightened language that it’s almst like learning a freign language. Shakespeare is tugh and that’s what I think I lve it the mst. The challenge is understanding. Once yu have that then yu have rm t play with it.
Therefre, if peple walked int a Shakespeare play with mre f an pen mind, their experience wuld be s much better. There is a large amunt f explratin and discvery in his plays and the experience can be really satisfying. It’s hard stuff, but it’s fascinating and we shuld be embracing it.
33．What’s the biggest challenge in understanding Shakespeare’s plays?
A．The challenging language.B．The variety f its tpic.
C．The cmplicated plt.D．The memrable characters.
34．What’s the authr’s attitude twards putting n Shakespeare’s plays at clleges?
A．Critical.B．Cautius.
C．Favrable.D．Indifferent.
35．What des the text suggest peple d when enjying Shakespeare’s plays?
A．Act them ut.B．Remember the lines in them.
C．Learn Shakespeare’s language.D．Enjy them with an pen mind.
36．What is the text mainly abut?
A．The characteristics f Shakespeare’s plays.
B．The plts and tpics f Shakespeare’s plays.
C．The imprtance and way f enjying Shakespeare’s plays.
D．The stress frm perfrming Shakespeare’s plays.
【答案】33．A 34．C 35．D 36．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者在文章中指出莎士比亚的戏剧是非常重要的，是真正的戏剧的起点，作者支持在中学或大学每隔几年上演一出莎士比亚戏剧的做法，作者还建议当人们欣赏莎士比亚的戏剧时，以开放的心态欣赏它们。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段中I believe Shakespeare’s plays t be the mst challenging in terms f language. When yu have challenging language, then understanding the plt and tpics will becme a challenge as well.可知我认为莎士比亚的戏剧在语言上是最具挑战性的。当你的语言具有挑战性的时候，那么理解剧情和主题也将成为一种挑战。由此可知，理解莎士比亚戏剧最大的挑战是具有挑战性的语言。故选A。
34．推理判断题。根据第二段中Many high schls r clleges put n at least ne Shakespeare play every few years and I like that. I think it’s imprtant t expse students t plays that are a bit mre challenging than they used t be.可知许多中学或大学每隔几年至少上演一出莎士比亚的戏剧，我很喜欢。我觉得让学生接触比他们过去接常触到的更有挑战性的戏剧很重要。由此可推知，作者对在大学上演莎士比亚的戏剧持支持态度。故选C。
35．细节理解题。根据最后一段中Therefre, if peple walked int a Shakespeare play with mre f an pen mind, their experience wuld be s much better.可知因此，如果人们带着更开放的心态走进莎士比亚的戏剧，他们的体验会更好。由此可知，这篇文章建议当人们欣赏莎士比亚的戏剧时，以开放的心态欣赏它们。故选D。
36．主旨大意题。根据第一段中Regardless f all f this, I believe Shakespeare is imprtant in the sense that it’s where true theatre started. William Shakespeare is a name everyne knws regardless f whether yu enjy his wrks r nt.可知不管这些，我相信莎士比亚的重要性在于它是真正的戏剧的起点。威廉·莎士比亚这个名字大家都知道，不管你喜不喜欢他的作品。以及最后一段中Therefre, if peple walked int a Shakespeare play with mre f an pen mind, their experience wuld be s much better.可知因此，如果人们带着更开放的心态走进莎士比亚的戏剧，他们的体验会更好。结合作者在文章中指出莎士比亚的戏剧是非常重要的，是真正的戏剧的起点，作者支持在中学或大学每隔几年上演一出莎士比亚戏剧的做法，作者还建议当人们欣赏莎士比亚的戏剧时，以开放的心态欣赏它们。由此可知，这篇文章的主要内容是欣赏莎士比亚戏剧的重要性和方式。故选C。
（十）
（2021·江苏·金陵中学高二期末）There is smething t be said fr being a generalist, even if yu are a specialist. Knwing a little abut a lt f things that interest yu can add t the richness f a whle, well-lived life.
Sciety pushes us t specialize, t becme experts. This requires cmmitment t a particular ccupatin, branch f study r research. The drawback t being specialists is we ften cme t knw mre and mre abut less and less. There is a great deal f pressure t master ne’s field. Yu may pursue training, degrees, r increasing levels f respnsibility at wrk. Then yu discver the pressure f having t keep up.
Sme peple seem willing t wrk arund the clck in their narrw specialty. But such cmmitment can als weaken a sense f freedm. These specialists culd wrk at the ffice until ten each night, then lk back and realize they wuld have lved t have gne hme and enjyed the sweetness f their family and friends, r traveled t exciting places, meeting interesting peple. Mastering ne thing t the exclusin (排 除) f thers can hld back yur true spirit.
Generalists, n the ther hand, knw a lt abut a wide range f subjects and view the whle with all its cnnectins. They are peple f ability, talent, and enthusiasm wh can bring their brad perspective int specific fields f expertise (专长). The dctr wh is als a pet and philspher is a superir dctr, ne wh can give s much mre t his patients than just gd medical skills.
Things are cnnected. Let yur expertise in ne field fuel yur passins in all related areas. Sme f yur interests may nt appear t be cnnected but, nce yu explre their depths, yu discver that they are. My editr Tni, wh is als a writer, has edited several histry bks. She has decided t study Chinese histry. Fascinated by the structural beauty f the Frbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested t learn mre abut Chinese philsphy. “I dn’t knw where it will lead, but I’m excited I’m n this pursuit.”
These expansins int new wrlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin t see the intercnnectedness f ne thing t anther in all aspects f ur life, f urselves and the universe. Develp brad, general knwledge and experience. The universe is all yurs t explre and enjy.
37．What is gd abut being a generalist?
A．Yu dn’t need t be pushed by sciety.
B．Yu will need t knw less and less.
C．Yu knw mre abut yur ccupatin.
D．Yu can enjy yur life t the fullest.
38．Paragraph 3 mainly talks abut specialists’ ______.
A．chicesB．limitatinsC．regretsD．expectatins
39．Accrding t the authr, a superir dctr is ne wh ________.
A．is fully aware f his talent and ability
B．shuld lve petry and philsphy
C．brings knwledge f ther fields t wrk
D．is a cmmitted specialist in medicine
40．What des the authr intend t shw with the example f Tni?
A．Passin alne des nt ensure a persn's success.
B．In-depth explratin makes discveries pssible.
C．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way cnnected.
D．Everyne has a chance t succeed in their pursuit.
【答案】37．D 38．C 39．C 40．C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了作为专家需要具备的知识及作为一个多面手需要具备的东西，并对两者进行了比较与讨论，建议做一个多面手。
37．细节理解题。根据第一段的“There is smething t be said fr being a generalist, even if yu are a specialist. Knwing a little abut a lt f things that interest yu can add t the richness f a whle, well-lived life. (即使你是一个专家，作为一个多面手也是有道理的。对很多你感兴趣的事情略知一二，就能让你的生活更加丰富多彩。）”可知，做一个多面手的好处是你可以尽情享受生活。故选D。
38．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“These specialists culd wrk at the ffice until ten each night, then lk back and realize they wuld have lved t have gne hme and enjyed the sweetness f their family and friends, r traveled t exciting places, meeting interesting peple. Mastering ne thing t the exclusin f thers can hld back yur true spirit.(这些专家每天晚上在办公室工作到10点，然后回顾过去，他们会意识到，他们本想回家享受家人和朋友的甜蜜，或去令人兴奋的地方旅行，遇见有趣的人。掌握一件事而排斥其他事会阻碍你真正的精神。)”可知，本段主要讨论专家的遗憾。故选C。
39．推理判断题。根据第四段的“The dctr wh is als a pet and philspher is a superir dctr, ne wh can give s much mre t his patients than just gd medical skills.”（一个既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一个优秀的医生，他能给他的病人比良好的医疗技术更多的东西。）”可知，作者认为一位优秀的医生不仅仅是纯粹的医生，他在诗歌和哲学上所知的东西也会运用到工作中去，给予病人超越医术的东西，会将其他领域的知识带到工作中去。故选C。
40．推理判断题。根据第五段“Tni”的例子上文内容“Things are cnnected. Let yur expertise in ne field fuel yur passins in all related areas. Sme f yur interests may nt appear t be cnnected but, nce yu explre their depths, yu discver that they are.（事物是相互关联的。让你在某一领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你探索了它们的深度，你会发现它们是联系的。）”可推断，作者想用托妮的例子来说明表面上不相关的兴趣在某种程度上是相关的。故选C。
（十一）
（2021·江苏盐城·高二期末）Peple wh have children experience greater happiness and feel they find mre meaning in life than thse withut kids , accrding t psychlgist frm the university f Califrnia and university f British Clumbia and Stanfrd university. They als said that in spite f all kinds f pressure linked t parenthd, parents feel happier during the day hurs when they are taking care f their kids than during ther daily tasks. The reprt included three different studies , ne frm each university, and appeared in the jurnal psychlgical science .
The research was carried ut in three stages, and in each f the parts psychlgists interviewed abut 190 peple and asked them t describe hw they felt during their daily activities which included cking, changing diapers（尿布）, ding the dishes, ging t wrk and playing with the kids. The authrs wanted t figure ut whether peple wh had children felt happier and evaluated（评估）their lives mre psitively when cmpared t thse withut kids. They were als interested in whether parents experienced mre psitive feelings while taking care f their kids than when ding sme ther day -t -day activities .
Accrding t Elizabeth Dunn, psychlgy prfessr at the University f British Clumbia and a c-authr f the study, the results were quite a surprise fr the researchers. All the peple wh had children reprted that caring fr their yung nes was mre meaningful and made their lives much happier than any ther activity did.
These findings challenge the cmmn belief that children are linked t reduced well-being, researchers said. The impressin many peple have nw frm the mass media and academic research is that being a parent seems t be quite a negative experience. Many previus studies n this tpic linked parenthd t unhappy marriages, lwer life satisfactin and even depressin, Elizabeth Dunn, wh was expecting her first child, said. In Dunn's persnal pinin, parenthd is related t, but may nt cause, happiness.
The results shwed that age and marital status（婚烟状况）als played a rle in parental happiness. The study fund that lder and mre mature married cuples wh have higher scial status and d nt have financial prblems are mre likely t be happier if they have kids when cmpared t childless cuples. Even single parents said that all the stresses linked t parenthd did nt cmpletely wipe ut the feelings f satisfactin caused by caring fr kids. On the ther hand, yung parents wh were under the age f 26 were fund t be significantly unhappier than their peers wh did nt have children. Interestingly, fathers in the study were reprted t be particularly satisfied and experience nly psitive feelings cmpared t men withut kids.
Snja Lyubmirsky, prfessr f psychlgy at UC Riverside and a leading schlar in psitive psychlgy, said that their study des nt necessarily mean that parenting makes peple happy; hwever, there is a clear cnnectin t be taken int cnsideratin. And while mre research is needed n the matter, the new findings suggest that the respnsibilities and all the wrk that arrives with parenthd may be ffset （抵消）by the pleasure f having children, and childcare may actually be linked t feelings f happiness and meaning in life.
41．What des the passage mainly tell us?
A．What marriage and parenthd are.B．Hw marriage is linked t parenthd.
C．Whether parenthd is beneficial.D．Parenthd brings peple mre happiness .
42．What can we knw abut the research frm Paragraph 2?
1. The findings f the research
2. The number f peple invlved in the research
3. The researchers’ expectatin
4. Where the research was carried ut
A．1&3B．2&3C．2&4D．1&4
43．What's Elizabeth Dunn's attitude twards parental happiness?
A．Uninterested.B．Curius.C．Cautius.D．Oppsed.
44．It can be inferred frm the passage that ________.
A．the research abut parental happiness wasn't ttally cnvincing
B．marital status plays the mst imprtant rle in parental happiness
C．fathers are mre likely t feel happy abut caring fr a child than mthers
D．the yunger parents have children, the happier they are
【答案】41．D 42．B 43．C 44．A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章阐述了最新一项研究表明，与没有孩子的人相比，有孩子的人会感受到更大的幸福感，觉得生活更有意义。然而，这项研究结果却与之前的研究结果是相反的，所以为人父母是否就一定幸福，这还需要更多的研究。
41．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Peple wh have children experience greater happiness and feel they find mre meaning in life than thse withut kids ,”（与没有孩子的人相比，有孩子的人会感受到更大的幸福感，觉得生活更有意义）“They als said that in spite f all kinds f pressure linked t parenthd, parents feel happier during the day hurs when they are taking care f their kids than during ther daily tasks.”（他们还表示，尽管父母有各种各样的压力，但与其他日常任务相比，父母在白天照顾孩子时感到更快乐。）可知，文章主旨就是为人父母会给人带来给多快乐。故选D项。
42．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The research was carried ut in three stages ,and in each f the parts psychlgists interviewed abut 190 peple” （这项研究分三个阶段进行，在每个部分，心理学家采访了大约190人）可知，文章里明确给出了这项研究参与者的数量。所以“The number f peple invlved in the research”（参与这项研究的人数）正确；又根据 “The authrs wanted t figure ut…”（作者想要弄清楚…） “They were als interested in…”（他们也对…感兴趣）可知，这些是研究者做这项研究的目的。所以“The researchers’ expectatin”（研究者的期望）正确。故选B项。
43．逻辑推理题。根据第四段中“Many previus studies n this tpic linked parenthd t unhappy marriages, lwer life satisfactin and even depressin, Elizabeth Dunn, wh was expecting her first child, said. In Dunn's persnal pinin, parenthd is related t, but may nt cause, happiness.”（即将迎来第一个孩子的Elizabeth Dun说，此前有关这一问题的许多研究都将为人父母与不幸福的婚姻、较低的生活满意度甚至抑郁联系在一起。在Dunn看来，为人父母与幸福有关，但可能不是幸福的原因。）可知，以前的研究显示为人父母和不幸福联系在一起，而这项研究显示的结果是相反的，所以在Dunn看来，为人父母与幸福有关，但可能不是直接导致幸福的原因。因此，可推断出她的态度很谨慎。故选C项。
44．逻辑推理题。根据倒数第一段中“Snja Lyubmirsky, prfessr f psychlgy at UC Riverside and a leading schlar in psitive psychlgy, said that their study des nt necessarily mean that parenting makes peple happy”（加州大学河滨分校的心理学教授、积极心理学领域的著名学者Snja Lyubmirsky说，他们的研究并不一定意味着养育子女会让人幸福。）可推断出，人们不能完全依靠这项结果就断定为人父母就一定幸福。故选A项。
（十二）
（2021·江苏南京·高二期末）Abut 6.000 different languages are spken arund the wrld. The Fundatin fr Endangered Languages estimates that between 500 and 1,000 f thse are spken by nly a handful f peple. And every year the wrld lses arund 25 mther tngues. This week a cnference rganized by the fundatin is being attended by abut 100 academics. They are discussing rare languages in Ireland, China, Australia and Spain.
“I d think it is a gd thing fr a child n the Isle f Man t learn Manx(the language f the Isle f Man with abut 100 speakers nw). I value cntinuity in a cmmunity,” says Nichlas Ostler, the fundatin’s chairman. In Eurpe, Mr Ostler’s view seems t cmmand fficial supprt. There is the Eurpean Charter fr Reginal r Minrity Languages (ECRML), which every Eurpean Unin (EU) member has signed, and the EU has a prject called the Eurpean Language Diversity fr All (ELDIA), designed t prtect the mst threatened native tngues. At the end f last year the prject received $2.7m t identify thse languages mst at risk.
But fr sme this is nt just a waste f resurces but a misunderstanding f hw language wrks. “T have a public plicy that a certain culture r language shuld be preserved shws a fundamental misunderstanding. In the end, whether r nt a language can exist is very simple. If a language is ne that peple dn’t participate in, it’s nt a language anymre,” says writer and bradcaster Kenan Malik.
American jurnalist Jeff Bell agrees that languages are decided by peple nt pliticians. And Mr Bell says pliticians make a “categry mistake” when they try t get in the way f language, mentining an experiment in Glasgw’s schls. “Offering Gaelic t children f peple wh dn’t speak it seems like the preservatin f lst glries. It’s very rmantic t try and save a language but nnsense,” says Bell.
“Language is nt a plant that rises and falls, lives and dies. It’s a tl that is perfectly adapted by the peple using it. Get n with living and talking.” adds Bell.
45．What d the ECRML and the ELDIA aim at?
A．Studying the rigins f minrity languages.
B．Intrducing mre fficial languages t the EU.
C．Identifying reginal languages acrss the EU.
D．Preventing rare languages frm extinctin(灭绝).
46．Which f the fllwing might Malik agree with?
A．The develpment f a language is in the hands f speakers.
B．Languages are equally imprtant.
C．Language prtectin lies in gvernmental effrt.
D．The preservatin f a language is t preserve a culture.
47．What is Bell’s predictin fr the experiment in Glasgw’s schls?
A．It will be cnsidered a glry.
B．It will very likely be a vain attempt.
C．It will make Gaelic ppular again.
D．It will be ppsed by the teachers.
48．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Hw shuld we prtect threatened tngues?
B．Why is it imprtant t learn ur mther tngues?
C．Are dying languages wrth saving?
D．D we speak the languages ur ancestrs speak?
【答案】45．D 46．A 47．B 48．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章就“濒危语言值不值得救”展开讨论。
45．推理判断题。根据文章第二段第三句内容“There is the Eurpean Charter fr Reginal r Minrity Languages (ECRML), which every Eurpean Unin (EU) member has signed, and the EU has a prject called the Eurpean Language Diversity fr All (ELDIA), designed t prtect the mst threatened native tngues. (有每个欧盟成员国都签署的《欧洲区域或少数民族语言宪章》(ECRML)，欧盟也有一个名为“全民欧洲语言多样性”(ELDIA)的项目，旨在保护那些最受威胁的母语。)”可知，ECRML and the ELDIA的宗旨都是为了保护濒危语言。故选D项。
46．细节理解题。根据文章第三段第四句内容“If a language is ne that peple dn’t participate in, it’s nt a language anymre,” says writer and bradcaster Kenan Malik. (如果一种语言是人们不参与的，那它就不再是一种语言，”作家兼播音员凯南·马利克说。)”可知，他认为一门语言最后是否能存活下来在于有没有人说这门语言。故选A项。
47．推理判断题。根据文章第第四段最后一句内容“It’s very rmantic t try and save a language but nnsense,” says Bell. (试图拯救一门语言是非常浪漫的，但却毫无意义。”贝尔说。)”可推知，在Bell看来，这一做法很可能会失败。故选B项。
48．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段最后两句内容“This week a cnference rganized by the fundatin is being attended by abut 100 academics. They are discussing rare languages in Ireland, China, Australia and Spain. (本周，该基金会组织了一场会议，约有100位学者参加。他们正在讨论爱尔兰、中国、澳大利亚和西班牙的稀有语言。)”以及文章内容围绕“濒危语言值不值得救”展开的讨论可知，C选项为最合适的标题。故选C项。
（十三）
（2021·江苏无锡·高二期末）Every September, as summer ends and the first day f schl appraches, I spend a lt f time thinking abut darkness.
Perhaps ther teachers wuld say the same, jkingly. But I teach a high schl curse n trauma (创伤) literature, and my students belng t a generatin described as the mst spiled (宠坏的), stressed and easily hurt in histry. S the questin f darkness is ften n my mind.
In 2016, Cllins Dictinary included “snwflake generatin” amng its Wrds f the Year, describing yung adults f the 2010s as a grup “less resilient (适应的) and mre likely t feel upset than previus generatins.”
But after twelve years f teaching this curse, which cvers sme f the mst emtinally difficult texts in cntemprary literature — narratives (讲述) f war, slavery and s n — I’m pretty sure the cmment n my yung students is wrng. In particular, I dn’t buy the narrative that this generatin lacks the resilience necessary fr difficult literature. Fr years, I’ve watched my students circle tirelessly arund sme difficult questins that puzzle us. Instead f hiding frm that wrld, they try t change it in a way that will allw them t cntrl it successfully.
This is why every September, I ask my students t read the mst difficult bks I can find. I dn’t d this t hurt them. Literature is practice. And I want my students, thrugh these difficult bks, t practice living. I want them t practice recgnizing histrical gaps and t bridge them.
“But this t is true: stries can save us,” writes Tim O’Brien in The Things They Carried. I believe and stick t that idea, year after year, n the first day f schl. Nt because these stries will save my students. But because I’m hping my students will grw up and save the rest f us.
49．What are the yung adults f the 2010s like accrding t the Cllins Dictinary?
A．Unscial and anxius.B．Stressed but strng-willed.
C．Sensitive and greedy.D．Enthusiastic but self-centered.
50．What des the underlined wrd “buy” in Paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Pay.B．Believe.C．Obtain.D．Suspect.
51．Why des the authr disagree with what the yung adults are called?
A．The authr has n knwledge f the yung adults.
B．What the authr wants is t help the yung adults hide.
C．The authr desn’t knw the meaning f “snwflake generatin”.
D．The authr knws a lt abut the yung adults frm teaching them.
52．What is the purpse f this text?
A．T cmment n the new generatin again.B．T recmmend sme trauma literature.
C．T intrduce sme teaching experiences.D．T seek sme advice frm the public.
【答案】49．A 50．B 51．D 52．A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了当今社会对2010年代的年轻人的一些偏见，然后作者对这些偏见进行反驳，提出自己的看法。
49．细节理解题。根据第三段“In 2016, Cllins Dictinary included “snwflake generatin” amng its Wrds f the Year, describing yung adults f the 2010s as a grup “less resilient (适应的) and mre likely t feel upset than previus generatins.”(2016年，《柯林斯词典》将“雪花一代”列入年度词汇，形容2010年代的年轻人“比前几代人更缺乏适应能力，更容易感到不安。”)”可知，根据《柯林斯词典》，2010年代的年轻人不爱社交的，更容易焦虑的。故选A。
50．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“I’m pretty sure the cmment n my yung students is wrng.( 我很确信对我年轻学生的评论是错误的)”可知，作者确信这种说法是错的，再根据划线词句“In particular, I dn’t buy the narrative that this generatin lacks the resilience necessary fr difficult literature.(特别是，我不buy这样的说法，即这一代人缺乏应对艰涩文学所必需的韧性)”可知，本句承接上文，意思是作者不相信这种错误说法。从而推断buy是“相信”的同义或近义词。故选B。
51．推理判断题。根据第四段“Fr years, I’ve watched my students circle tirelessly arund sme difficult questins that puzzle us. Instead f hiding frm that wrld, they try t change it in a way that will allw them t cntrl it successfully.(多年来，我看到我的学生不知疲倦地围绕着一些迷惑我们的难题。他们不是躲避那个世界，而是试图以一种能让他们成功控制它的方式改变它)”可知，作者通过多年的教学经验，了解了很多关于他们的事情，才反对把这代年轻人叫做“雪花一代”。故选D。
52．推理判断题。通读全文，可知，文章主要讲述了当今社会对2010年代的年轻人的一些偏见，然后作者对这些偏见进行反驳，提出自己的看法。尤其根据第四段中“I’m pretty sure the cmment n my yung students is wrng.(我很确信对我年轻学生的评论是错误的)”可知，作者的写作目的是重新评论新一代。故选A。
（十四）
（2021·广东东莞·高二期末）We all realize the damaging pllutin created by driving petrl and diesel vehicles. Many f the wrld’s cities are jammed with traffic, creating harmful gases like carbn dixide. The slutin fr a cleaner, greener future culd be electric vehicle. But hw ptimistic shuld we be?
There was much excitement last year when the UK gvernment annunced it wuld ban the sale f new petrl and diesel cars frm 2030. But is that easier said than dne? The rad t glbal traffic being ttally electric is sill a lng way f. Currently, battery life is an issue-a fully charged（充电）battery wn’t take yu as far as a full tank f petrl. There are als limited charging statins t plug an electric vehicle int.
Of curse, technlgy is always imprving. Sme f he biggest tech cmpanies, like Ggle and Tesla, are spending huge amunts f mney develping electric cars. And mst f the big car manufacturers are n making them t. Clin, a lw-carbn vehicle expert, tld the media: “The big leap frward will cme with reliable batteries, which will appear first in mbile phnes and laptps befre they pgress t cars. These will charge mre quickly and enable cars t travel lnger.”
Cst is anther issue that may delay peple switching t electric pwer. But sme cuntries ffer incentives, such as cutting prices by reducing imprt taxes, and nt charging fr rad tax and parking. Sme als prvide exclusive lanes fr electric cars t be driven n, beating traditinal cars which might be stuck in jams. These kinds f measures have made Nrway rank N.1 with mre than thirty electric cars per 1,000 ctizans.
But electric mtring desn’t mean a zer-carbn future. It’s emissin-free（零排放）mtring, but the car has t be built, the battery has t be built, and the electricity des cme frm smewhere. Maybe it’s time t think abut making fewer jurneys r using public transprt.
53．What is an advantage f electric vehicles?
A．They are emissn-free.B．They are cst-effective.
C．They are zer-carbn.D．They are easy t charge.
54．What is Cllin’s attitude t the future f electric vehicles?
A．Psitive.B．Negative.C．Objective.D．Uninterested.
55．“What des the udelined wrd “incentives” in Paragaph 4 prbably mean?
A．Free services.B．Traffic adjustments.
C．Special investments.D．Encuraging measures.
56．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．The Fall f Traditinal Cars.B．The Future f Electric Cars.
C．A Cleaner, Greener Wrld.D．Emissin-free Mtring.
【答案】53．A 54．A 55．D 56．B
【解析】本文是说明文，主要谈论了电动汽车的未来。
53．细节理解题。根据第一段“The slutin fr a cleaner, greener future culd be electric vehicle.(一个更清洁、更环保的未来的解决方案可能是电动汽车。)” 可知，电动汽车的优势是无排放。故选A项。
54．推理判断题。根据第三段“Clin, a lw-carbn vehicle expert, tld the media: ‘The big leap frward will cme with reliable batteries, which will appear first in mbile phnes and laptps befre they prgress t cars. These will charge mre quickly and enable cars t travel lnger.’” (低碳汽车专家科林告诉媒体:“这一巨大的飞跃将伴随着可靠的电池，首先出现在手机和笔记本电脑上，然后再发展到汽车上。”这些电池充电更快，行驶时间更长。)”可知，Clin对于电动汽车持乐观的态度。故选A项。
55．词义猜测题。根据第四段“But sme cuntries ffer incentives, such as cutting prices by reducing imprt taxes, and nt charging fr rad tax and parking.” (但一些国家提供了激励措施，如通过降低进口税来降低价格，不收取道路税和停车费。)根据后文的降低进口税等措施，可知此处是国家提供激励措施，故选D项。
56．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The rad t glbal traffic being ttally electric is still a lng way f.” (实现全球交通完全电动化还有很长的路要走。)以及第三段“Of curse, technlgy is always imprving. Sme f he biggest tech cmpanies, like Ggle and Tesla, are spending huge amunts f mney develping electric cars.” (当然，技术一直在进步。一些最大的科技公司，比如谷歌和特斯拉，正在斥巨资开发电动汽车。)第四段“Cst is anther issue that may delay peple switching t electric pwer.”( 成本是另一个可能推迟人们使用电力的问题。)可知，第二段说明了实现全球交通完全电动化还需要更长一段时间，三、四段说明了电动交通的未来发展趋势，考虑到开发电动汽车和开发电池，所以整篇文章主要围绕着电动汽车的未来展开，故选B项。
（十五）
（2020·湖南长沙·高二期末）Electrnic bk publishing has many f the same risks and pprtunities as electrnic music publishing. By delivering text directly t the reader's cmputer screen, the e-bk culd cut dwn csts, and allw creatrs t deal directly with their audience, bypassing traditinal publishers and traders. But it als raises the pssibility f mass piracy(盗版). Phil Rance, funder and managing directr f Online Originals, a Lndn-based e-bk publisher, sums it up，“N ne wants Napster t happen t bks.”
Indeed, the mst ppular MP3 may have put the frighteners n an industry that generally perates sme way behind the “bleeding edge”. The Meta Grup, a leading US-based market researcher, says publishers are far t cncerned abut prtecting their rights,“ We believe all the recent legal cntrl ver Napster is like putting a finger in a river that is already verflwing. Publishers need t deal with reality and cme up with new ways t develp wide electrnic distributin, asking the questin, ‘Hw can we change the certainty f wide distributin t ur advantage?’ ”
At the mment, mst publishers wuld like t limit the use f e-bks t the persn wh bught them, r t the cmputer used t dwnlad them. If that can be dne, e-bks becme just an extra incme stream in a publishing industry that wuld cntinue t perate the way it des tday, accrding t Terry Rbinsn, business manager fr the digital rights aspect, “yu've cracked the market,” he says.
Rbert Nichls, Bks Directr at BOL agrees, “Rights management is abslutely imprtant. Publishers just say that, ‘until is secure, we're nt ging t talk’．”
57．Accrding t the text, what is the similarity f e-bks t electrnic music？
A．They bth result in piracy.
B．They bth lead t price reductin.
C．They bth bring in much mney t creatrs.
D．They bth avid industry management.
58．Frm the text, we can infer that_____.
A．wide use f e-bks may increase the incme.
B．the publishing markets shuld be brught back t nrmal.
C．publishers haven’t agreed n rights management up t nw.
D．mst publishers prefer e-bks fr the extra incme.
59．What are mst publishers cncerned abut accrding t the text?
A．s managementB．price cntrl
C．market shareD．riginal wrks
60．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．A Magic Bk
B．The Fight Against Mass Piracy
C．Risks and Challenges G Hand in Hand
D．The E-bk----a New and Big Challenge
【答案】57．B 58．C 59．A 60．D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。本文主要讨论了电子书面临的风险和机遇，就电子书可能面临出现盗版的风险和出版商应卸下“保护自己利益”的包袱面对机遇开拓新渠道来进行创收等两个方面进行了讨论。
57．细节理解题。根据第一段的Electrnic bk publishing has many f the same risks and pprtunities as electrnic music publishing. By delivering text directly t the reader's cmputer screen, the e-bk culd cut dwn csts,…（电子图书出版与电子音乐出版有着许多相同的风险和机遇。通过将文本直接传送到读者的电脑屏幕上，电子书可以降低成本，……）可知，电子书和电子音乐的相似之处是它们都会导致价格下降。故选B。
58．推理判断题。根据最后一段的…Rights management is abslutely imprtant. Publishers just say that, ‘until is secure, we're nt ging t talk’（版权管理绝对重要。出版商只是说，在版权得到保护之前，我们不会讨论这个问题）可推知，出版商到目前为止还没有就版权管理达成一致。故选C。
59．推理判断题。根据第二段的…publishers are far t cncerned abut prtecting their rights,…（出版商太关心保护他们的版权）以及最后一段的最后一段的…Rights management is abslutely imprtant.（版权管理绝对重要。）可知，多数出版商关心版权管理，故选A。
60．主旨大意题。通读全文以及文章第一段的Electrnic bk publishing has many f the same risks and pprtunities...（电子图书出版和……有着许多相同的风险和机遇。）可知，本文主要讨论了电子书面临的风险和机遇，下文就电子书可能面临出现盗版的风险和出版商应卸下“保护自己利益”的包袱面对机遇开拓新渠道来进行创收等两个方面进行了讨论，故选D。
（十六）
（2019·湖南·高二期末）The Alpha G prgram’s victry is an example f hw smart cmputers have becme.
But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically—can they be hnest and fair?
One example f AI is driverless cars. They are already n Califrnia rads, s it is nt t sn t ask whether we can prgram a machine t act ethically. As driverless cars imprve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers d. Smetimes, hwever, they will face a chice between lives. Shuld the cars be prgrammed t avid hitting a child running acrss the rad, even if that will put their passengers at risk? What abut making a sudden turn t avid a dg? What if the nly risk is damage t the car itself, n t the passengers?
Perhaps there will be lessns t learn frm driverless cars, but they are nt super-intelliger beings. Teaching ethics t a machine even mre intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.
Abut the same time as AlphaG’s victry, Micrsft’s ‘chatbt’ tk a bad turn. The sftware, named Taylr, was designed t answer messages frm peple aged 18-24. Taylr was suppsed t be able t learn frm the messages she received. She was designed t slwly imprve her ability t handle cnversatins, but sme peple were teaching Taylr racist ideas. When she started saying nice things abut Hitler, Micrsft turned her ff and deleted her ugliest messages.
Alpha G’s victry and Taylr’s defeat happened at abut the same time. This shuld be a warning t us. It is ne thing t use AI within a game with clear rules and clear gals. It is smething very different t use AI in the real wrld. The unpredictability f the real wrld may bring t the surface a trubling sftware prblem.
Eric Schmidt is ne f the bsses f Ggle, which wn AlphaG. He thinks AI will be psitive fr humans. He said peple will be the winner, whatever the utcme. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, mre able and “just better human beings.”
61．What des the authr want t shw with the example f AlphaG’s victry?
A．Cmputers will win human beings.
B．Cmputers have unmatched ptential.
C．Cmputers are man’s ptential ppnents (对手).
D．Cmputers can becme highly intelligent.
62．What is said t be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?
A．Hw t make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.
B．Hw t ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.
C．Hw t prevent AI machines ding harm t humans.
D．Hw t avid being ver-dependent n AI machines.
63．What d we learn abut Micrsft’s ‘chatbt’ Taylr?
A．She culd nt distinguish gd frm bad.
B．She culd turn herself ff when necessary.
C．She was nt made t handle strange situatins.
D．She was gd at perfrming rutine tasks.
64．What des Eric Schmidt think f artificial intelligence?
A．It will be far superir t human beings.
B．It will keep imprving as time ges by.
C．It will prve t be valuable t human beings.
D．It will be here t stay whatever the utcme.
【答案】61．D 62．B 63．A 64．C
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要就AI机器能否更人性化地从道德伦理方面做出判断，进行了论证。不管最终人工智能是否能做到这一点，但有一点是肯定的：它会让人类越来越好。
61．推理判断题。根据第一自然段“The Alpha G prgram’s victry is an example f hw smart cmputers have becme.”Alpha G的胜利是电脑变得更聪明的例子）可知，Alpha G的例子，是为了说明电脑非常聪明。故选D项。
62．细节理解题。根据文章第四自然最后一句“Teaching ethics t a machine even mre intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.（把伦理道德教给比我们人类聪明的智能机器将会是更大的挑战）可知，具有挑战性的事情是教会人工智能有关伦理道德的知识。故选B项。
63．推理判断题。根据文章第五自然段中的“She was designed t slwly imprve her ability t handle cnversatins, but sme peple were teaching Taylr racist ideas. When she started saying nice things abut Hitler,”（她的设计目标是慢慢提高交流能力，但有人却教她种族思想，然后她开始说希特勒好话）可知，Taylr区分不清善与恶。故选A项。
64．推理判断题。根据文章最后一个自然段中“He thinks AI will be psitive fr humans.”（他认为人工智能对人类是由积极作用的）可知，他认为人工智能对人类是有益的，有价值的。故选C项。
（十七）
（2017·河北保定·高二期末）If yu’ve ever cmpared a wman’s buttn-up shirt t a man’s, yu’ve prbably nticed that the buttns are n the ppsite sides. This wuld make sense if all wmen were left-handed and all men were right-handed, but because the majrity f all peple are right-handed, that’s clearly nt the reasn. S what gives?
An age-ld thery is that it all has t d with the well-knwn fact that wmen can’t dress themselves. I’m kidding. f curse (I dress myself nearly every day!), but many years ag, it was a lt harder fr females t get dressed. As Live Science puts it: “Depending n the era, men might wear waistcats and wl jackets. But wmen’s clthing was far mre elabrate, and culd cnsist f a dzen r mre garments. Thus, especially in middle and upper-class sciety, men generally dressed themselves, whereas wmen did nt. Instead, maids and servants might spend an hur r mre dressing the lady f the huse.” S, it’s lng been thught that wmen’s buttns were placed n the ppsite side t cater t the servants dressing them.
But as Elle recently pinted ut, buttns n wmen’s shirts weren’t intrduced until 1860—hundreds f years after servants were first used in the dressing rm.
Or, accrding t Csmplitan UK, maybe babies are the reasn. Wmen usually hld a child n their left side t free up a dminant hand and a shirt that pens n the right makes breastfeeding easier.
Or, there’s anther reasnable but depressing thery.
In Man and Wman: A Study f Secndary and Tertiary Sexual Characters, 1894, Havelck Ellis writes that wmen’s clthes were designed s that the wmen had t buttn themselves with the “inferir (下等的)” left hand as an indicatr f their scial psitin as nt n the same level as men.
Sigh. We prefer the breastfeeding explanatin.
65．Frm Para. 1 we can learn that ________.
A．the buttns n wmen’s shirts are n the left
B．the buttns n men’s shirts are n the left
C．That all wmen are left-handed wuld make sense
D．That the majrity f peple are right-handed makes n sense
66．By adding what Elle pinted ut, the authr wants t ________.
A．prve that the buttning way was riginally t cater t the servants
B．shw that the reasn mentined abve is dubtful
C．intrduce a new reasn t accunt fr the present buttning way
D．cnvince the readers that servants were used much later
67．Why did the authr find the reasn pinted ut by Havelck Ellis depressing?
A．It made n sense at all.B．It suggested discriminatin against wmen.
C．It seemed painful that wmen used left hands.D．It frced wmen t buttn themselves.
68．Which explanatin fr wmen’s buttning shirts des authr favr?
A．Wmen cannt dress themselves.
B．It makes breastfeeding babies easier.
C．It caters t the servants dressing them.
D．It indicates wmen’s scial psitin isn’t n the same level as men.
【答案】65．A 66．B 67．B 68．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章先是提出如果有人比较过女人和男人的系扣衬衫，你可能会注意到扣子是在相反的两边。文章就为什么女性的衬衫扣子是在左边提出了几个相关理论解释。
65．细节理解题。根据第一段中If yu’ve ever cmpared a wman’s buttn-up shirt t a man’s, yu’ve prbably nticed that the buttns are n the ppsite sides. This wuld make sense if all wmen were left-handed and all men were right-handed, but because the majrity f all peple are right-handed, that’s clearly nt the reasn.可知如果你曾经比较过女人和男人的系扣衬衫，你可能会注意到扣子是在相反的两边。如果所有女性都是左撇子，所有男性都是右撇子，这就说得通了，但因为大多数人都是右撇子，这显然不是原因。以及倒数第二段In Man and Wman: A Study f Secndary and Tertiary Sexual Characters, 1894, Havelck Ellis writes that wmen’s clthes were designed s that the wmen had t buttn themselves with the “inferir (下等的)” left hand as an indicatr f their scial psitin as nt n the same level as men.可知在1894年出版的《男人和女人：对第二性和第三性角色的研究》一书中，Havelck Ellis写道，女性的衣服被设计成必须用“下等”的左手来扣纽扣，以此表明她们的社会地位与男性不一样。由此可知，女衬衫的纽扣在左边。故选A。
66．推理判断题。根据第二段中S, it’s lng been thught that wmen’s buttns were placed n the ppsite side t cater t the servants dressing them.可知因此，长久以来，人们认为女性的纽扣是相对的，是为了迎合仆人的着装。以及第三段But as Elle recently pinted ut, buttns n wmen’s shirts weren’t intrduced until 1860—hundreds f years after servants were first used in the dressing rm.可知但正如《Elle》杂志最近指出的，女性衬衫上的纽扣直到1860年才被引入，那是在佣人首次出现在更衣室之后的几百年。由此可推知，通过加入《Elle》指出的内容，作者是想表明上述原因是值得怀疑的。故选B。
67．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段In Man and Wman: A Study f Secndary and Tertiary Sexual Characters, 1894, Havelck Ellis writes that wmen’s clthes were designed s that the wmen had t buttn themselves with the “inferir (下等的)” left hand as an indicatr f their scial psitin as nt n the same level as men.可知在1894年出版的《男人和女人：对第二性和第三性角色的研究》一书中，Havelck Ellis写道，女性的衣服被设计成必须用“下等”的左手来扣纽扣，以此表明她们的社会地位与男性不一样。由此可推知，作者发现Havelck Ellis指出的原因令人沮丧，是因为它暗示歧视妇女。故选B。
68．推理判断题。根据倒数第四段Or, accrding t Csmplitan UK, maybe babies are the reasn. Wmen usually hld a child n their left side t free up a dminant hand and a shirt that pens n the right makes breastfeeding easier.可知或者，根据《Csmplitan UK》杂志的说法，婴儿可能是原因。女性通常用左手抱着孩子，腾出惯用手，而右边敞开的衬衫会让母乳喂养更容易。以及最后一段中We prefer the breastfeeding explanatin.可知我们更喜欢母乳喂养的解释。由此可推知，作者对女性系扣衬衫扣子位置的解释是，这么做使母乳喂养婴儿更容易。故选B。
（十八）
（2020·河北邢台·高二期末）Parents can begin gd rganizatin (条理) habits with preschl-age kids, Experts recmmend asking them t d small, simple actins n a regular basis with the help f parents. Maybe they pen their bags and bring their lunch bag t the kitchen, r take their shes ff at the dr and put them in a nearby clset. These wn’t save parents much time but they will help develp gd habits.
When kids enter primary schl, they shuld be ready fr mre respnsibility. This is the time t teach them abut daily rutines, and help them take cntrl ver theirs. Parents and children might sit dwn tgether and make a list f everything that needs t be dne t get ut f the huse in the mrning, r get ready fr bed at night. Tgether, parents shuld figure ut hw lng each activity takes, and when the best time t d them is. Sme f the kids might want t get their bags ready and pick ut their clthes the night befre.
It’s als wise t create a firm schedule fr hmewrk. When d kids d their hmewrk? Hw lng d they need? Where d they d it? Where will the hmewrk g nce it is dne? Figure them ut and stick t the schedule as much as pssible.
Parents shuld print up these task lists and help kids finish them step by step. Kids might even check them ff each mrning r evening. Als, make sure there are clcks in the rms in which these tasks will take place. Time management is an imprtant part f learning rganizatin, but it can’t be dne if kids dn’t knw what time it is.
Organizatin gives kids the chance t make it pssible t fcus n a task and cmplete it. Kids tend t be mre mtivated t learn rganizatin skills if they see rganizatin as a challenge t vercme, rather than a fault t repair.
69．Why are kids advised t d small and simple actins?
A．T save parents time.
B．T jin a schl rganizatin.
C．T help kids frm gd habits.
D．T frm a gd relatinship with thers.
70．What shuld parents d t help kids develp rganizatin skills?
A．Offer sme suggestins nly.
B．Finish the daily tasks fr kids.
C．Assist kids in finishing the daily tasks.
D．Let the kid finish the daily tasks alne.
71．What des the authr think f rganizatin fr kids?
A．It is a fault t repair.B．It is nthing special.
C．It is easy t achieve.D．It is a helpful skill.
【答案】69．C 70．C 71．D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章建议父母帮助孩子做小而简单的动作从而帮助孩子们养成良好的习惯。作者认为为儿童设立的这个组织是一个有用的技能。
69．推理判断题。根据第一段中Parents can begin gd rganizatin (条理) habits with preschl-age kids, Experts recmmend asking them t d small, simple actins n a regular basis with the help f parents. “父母可以对学龄前儿童养成良好的组织习惯。专家建议，在父母的帮助下，让他们定期做一些小的、简单的事情。”和These wn’t save parents much time but they will help develp gd habits.“这些不会节省父母很多时间，但他们会帮助养成好习惯。”由此可知，孩子们之所以被建议做小而简单的动作是为了帮助孩子们养成良好的习惯。故选C。
70．推理判断题。根据第二段中When kids enter primary schl, they shuld be ready fr mre respnsibility. This is the time t teach them abut daily rutines, and help them take cntrl ver theirs. Parents and children might sit dwn tgether and make a list f everything that needs t be dne t get ut f the huse in the mrning, r get ready fr bed at night.“当孩子们进入小学，他们应该准备好承担更多的责任。这是教他们日常生活的时间，并帮助他们控制自己的生活。父母和孩子可能会坐在一起，把早上出门或晚上睡觉需要做的事情列一个清单。”由此可知，父母应该协助孩子完成日常任务来帮助孩子发展组织技能。故选C。
71．推理判断题。根据最后一段Organizatin gives kids the chance t make it pssible t fcus n a task and cmplete it. Kids tend t be mre mtivated t learn rganizatin skills if they see rganizatin as a challenge t vercme, rather than a fault t repair.“组织给孩子们机会使他们能够专注于一项任务并完成它。如果孩子们认为组织是一个需要克服的挑战，而不是一个需要纠正的错误，他们就会更有动力去学习组织技能。”由此可知，作者认为为儿童设立的这个组织是一个有用的技能。故选D。
（十九）
（2020·海南华侨中学高二期末）Mst f what I really need t knw abut is hw t live, and what t d, and hw t be, I learned in kindergarten. Wisdm was nt at the tp f the graduate schl muntain, but there in the sandbx at nursery schl.
These are the things I learned: Share everything. Play fair. Dn’t hit peple. Put things back where yu fund them. Clean up yur wn mess. Dn’t take things that aren’t yurs. Say yu’re srry when yu hurt smebdy. Wash yur hands befre yu eat. Flush. Warm ckies and cld milk are gd fr yu. Live a balanced life. Learn sme and think sme and draw and paint and sing and dance and play and wrk sme every day.
Take a nap every afternn. When yu g ut int the wrld, watch fr traffic, hld hands, and stick tgether. Be aware f wnder. Remember the little seed in the plastic cup. The rts g dwn and the plant ges up and nbdy really knws hw r why, but we are all like that Gldfish and white mice and even the little seed in the plastic cup – they all die. S d we.
And then remember the bk abut Dick and Jane and the first wrd yu learned, the biggest wrd f all: LOOK. Everything yu need t knw is in there smewhere. The Glden Rule and lve and basic sanitatin, eclgy and plitics and sane living.
Think f what a better wrld it wuld be if we all – the whle wrld – had ckies and milk abut 3 ’clck every afternn and then lay dwn with ur blankets fr a nap. Or if we had a basic plicy in ur natin and ther natins t always put things back where we fund them and clean up ur wn messes. And it is still true, n matter hw ld yu are, when yu g ut int the wrld, it is best t hld hands and stick tgether.
72．In this passage, the authr intends t ＿＿＿ .
A．infrm the readers f what he learned in kindergarten
B．call n peple t hld hands and stick tgether
C．shw the imprtance f enlightening (启蒙) educatin
D．tell peple hw t live a successful life
73．What didn’t the authr learn t d while in kindergarten?
A．Ck ckies and dishes.
B．Keep the things he used in place.
C．Lk ut fr traffic.
D．Make an aplgy t smene he hurt.
74．We can infer frm the passage that the authr ＿＿＿ .
A．must be a success thanks t the gd habits.
B．has learned t share everything with thers
C．expects harmny and unity
D．is at an ld age nw
75．In which clumn f a magazine can yu prbably find the passage?
A．Ppular Science.B．Entertainment.C．Fashin.D．Life Guide.
【答案】72．C 73．A 74．C 75．D
【解析】本文是议论文。文章主要讲述了我们在幼儿园学到的东西对我们的一生都有影响，学会分享，学会道歉，学会团结等等。我们要做的是过好每一天，学会珍惜，让生命的每一天都有意义。
72．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Wisdm was nt at the tp f the graduate schl muntain, but there in the sandbx at nursery schl.”（智慧并不存在大学校园里那座象牙塔的顶端，而是在幼稚园的沙堆上。）以及下文的分析讨论可知，作者认为智慧从幼儿园开始形成，因此推断本文的写作目的是强调启蒙教育的重要性。故选C项。
73．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“These are the things I learned: Share everything. Play fair. Dn’t hit peple. Put things back where yu fund them. Clean up yur wn mess. Dn’t take things that aren’t yurs. Say yu’re srry when yu hurt smebdy. Wash yur hands befre yu eat. Flush. Warm ckies and cld milk are gd fr yu. Live a balanced life. Learn sme and think sme and draw and paint and sing and dance and play and wrk sme every day.”（这些是我学到的东西：分享，公平，不欺负别人，东西放回原位，清理垃圾，不要拿别人的东西，说对不起，饭前洗手，热饭和凉牛奶对身体好，均衡生活，学习和思考，每天画画、唱歌、跳舞、玩耍和工作。）可知，作者在幼儿园里学会的内容不包括做饭做菜。故选A项。
74．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Think f what a better wrld it wuld be if we all – the whle wrld – had ckies and milk abut 3 ’clck every afternn and then lay dwn with ur blankets fr a nap. Or if we had a basic plicy in ur natin and ther natins t always put things back where we fund them and clean up ur wn messes.”（想象一个更加美好的世界，如果全世界所有人都下午3点钟都有饭菜吃、牛奶喝，然后人们盖着毯子打盹。又或者国家内部和国与国之间有一个基本的政策：物归原主，自己弄糟的自己收拾。）可知，作者期待世界的和谐统一。故选C项。
75．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Mst f what I really need t knw abut is hw t live, and what t d, and hw t be, I learned in kindergarten.”（那些不可错过的关于怎样生活应该做些什么和怎样去做我都是在上幼稚园时学到的。）可知，这篇文章的中心是讲述人生，应该出现在人生指南栏目。故选D项。