【高考英语】语法易错点30题精讲练：专题07 动词的时态和语态

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高考英语语法【动词的时态和语态】易错点对点训练30题
I.高考真题诊断·单句语法填空
1.I （hpe)t send Peter a gift t cngratulate him n his marriage,but I culdn't manage it.
2.In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunavut （reprt) increases in bear sightings arund human settlements,leading t a belief that ppulatins are increasing.
3.On the first day f my first grade,I std by the dr with butterflies in my stmach.I （vice)my biggest cncern t my mther."Hw will I make friends?"She handed me advice."Be yurself."
4.One study in America fund that students' grades （imprve)a little after the schl intrduced unifrms.
5.When the children are walking r （cycle)t schl n dark mrnings,car drivers can easily see them.
【答案详解】
1.had hped 解析：句意：我本希望送彼得一件礼物祝贺他结婚，但我没能做到。culdn't manage 用的是一般过去时可知，动词hpe表示过去本打算做某事而没有做成，用过去完成时。
2.have reprted 解析：根据句中的时间状语in recent years 可知，应用现在完成时。
3.viced 解析：根据上文的“On the first day f my first grade, I std”可知，此处用一般过去时。
4.imprved 解析：主句谓语动词是 fund,用一般过去时，此处时态应该与之保持一致。
5.cycling 解析：因为连词r前面用的是walking,空处应与之并列，故用 cycle的-ing形式。
II.精选典题动词的时态和语态专题对点训练·单句语法填空
6.At a yung age, he (mve) t Spain and nw plays prfessinally fr the FC Barcelna.
7.It (rain) at that time and the streets were full f hles which were full f water.
8.I just graduated frm West Cast University. I (receive) jb skill training just befre that, but I had never wrked.
9.The full railway, which includes 72­kilmeter sectin thrugh Beijing, (cmplete) in fur and a half years.
10.We (reduce) emissin f air pllutants in recent years, but cars are still majr surce f them.
11.It’s fun fr amateurs t try, but t becme gd at it, nt nly years f practice but als natural talent (need)．
12.The beauty f the views culdn’t (imagine) and they left me with many great memries.
13.It was the furth time she (shp) nline fr hurs. I had already reminded her t think twice befre buying anything, but my wife ignred what I had said.
14.Playing ftball nt nly makes us grw up tall and strng but als (give) us a sense f fair play and team spirit.
15.The reasn fr this is that Britain’s supermarkets (experience) huge changes in the past decades.
【答案详解】
6.mved 解析：根据时间状语At a yung age可知，此处表示过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
7.was raining 解析：根据时间状语at that time可知，当时正在下雨，即“下雨”这一动作在过去某段时间内正在进行。故用过去进行时。
8.had received 解析：此处根据just befre that可知，我在之前受过职业技能的培训，根据上句中的一般过去时可知，此处应用过去完成时。
9.will be cmpleted 解析：句意：这一整条铁路，其中有72千米经过北京，将在四年半内完工。设空处作主句的谓语，根据时间状语in fur and a half years可知，应用一般将来时；且主语The full railway与cmplete之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。
10.have reduced/have been reducing 解析：由句中的时间状语in recent years可知，应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
11.is needed 解析：考查主谓一致和被动语态。“nt als...”作主语，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则，故此处谓语动词应用单数。natural talent与动词need之间是动宾关系，故用is needed。
12.be imagined 解析：句意：这些景色的美是无法想象的，它们给我留下了许多美好的回忆。imagine和The beauty f the views之间为动宾关系，且根据句意可知应用被动语态；含情态动词的被动语态的构成是：情态动词＋be dne。
13.had shpped 解析：“It was＋第几次＋过去完成时”是固定句式。
14.gives 解析：考查时态。nt als...连接两个平行结构，因此所填动词应与makes时态一致，故填gives。
15.have experienced 解析：根据题干中的时间状语in the past decades可知，此处应该用现在完成时。
III.精选典题动词的时态和语态专题对点训练·单句改错
16.Once I went t the market with my mum fr a big dinner n Saturday. When we were walking past the stalls, a lud nise was caught my attentin.
17.What’s mre, thusands f turists frm the wrld came here every year, which is really splendid.
18.Tday I’ve gt wnderful news t tell yu.I had been ffered a jb at a cmpany in England fr my gd perfrmance.
19.T cllect pinins frm the public, an nline survey has made these days.
20.It has been a lng time since we meet in China last time.
【答案详解】
16.去掉was 解析：考查动词语态。主语a lud nise与catch之间构成主谓关系，表主动，故删除was。
17.came→cme 解析：根据时间状语every year及从句为一般现在时可知，主句应用一般现在时，故将came改为cme。
18.had→have 解析：根据句意可知，指过去的动作对现在造成的结果，应用现在完成时。
19.在has后加been 解析：an nline survey与make之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。
20.meet→met 解析：It has been＋一段时间＋since...句式中时间状语用一般过去时。
IV.精选典题动词的时态和语态专题对点训练·短文语法填空
My best friend Kaiya is like me.She 21.________(remind) me f myself.In the past, I 22.________(be) never cnfident because f my appearance. Peple always laughed at my weight, my height, my hair style, etc.At that time, I was the shrtest student in my class.I started getting depressed. Hwever, Smene tld me smething that I will always remember，
It was in March. Surrunded by a grup f girls wh 23.________(pint) at me and laughed at me，I culdn't help crying. The tears rlled dwn my face like a rushing river. T my surprise, smene lifted my head up and wiped the tears frm my eyes.
I then knew it was ur English teacher, Miss Li. She said, “yu 24.________(be) perfect the way yu are. Yu shuld never change r hate yurself. Peple 25.________(accept) yu fr wh yu 26.________(be).But if yu can nt accept yurself, then hw will ther peple accept yu.” I 27._______(inspire) by her wrds.
Over the past few mnths, I 28.________(learn) that n ne is perfect and that we all have flaws. Nw I have wnderful friends wh 29.________(lve) me fr wh I am.
Nw, seeing Kaiya cry, I decide t tell her the same thing Miss Li 30.________(tell) me.
【语篇解读】本文为记叙文。作者通过自己的经历告诉自己的朋友Kaiya:做人要自信，要相信自己。
21.reminds 解析：根据第一句的时态可推知本空应该用一般现在时，又因为主语为第三人称单数，故答案为reminds.
22.was 解析：根据语境中的 In the past 可知设空处用一般过去时，故答案为was.
23.pinted 解析：根据后面的 laughed可知设空处为 pinted.
24.are 解析：本句为直接引语，故用一般现在时。
25.will accept 解析：结合下文的 then hw will ther peple accept yu 知答案为 will accept.
26.are 解析：由上下文语境可知应填are.
27.was inspired 解析：设空处表示过去的事情且主语与 inspire为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
28.have learned/learnt根据前面的 Over the past few mnths 可知设空处用现在完成时。
29.lve 解析：wh(lve)me fr wh I am 为定语从句，先行词为friends且设空处说的是现在的情况，应
用一般现在时，故答案为lve.
30.tld 解析：Miss Li (tell)me 为定语从句，设空处表示过去的事情，故用一般过去时。一．英语中16种时态与语态的构成
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
主动
被动
主动
被动
主动
被动
主动
被动
一般
d/des
am/is/are dne
did
was/were dne
shall/ will d
shall/will be dne
shuld/ wuld d
shuld/wuld be dne
进行
am/is/ are ding
am/is/are being dne
was/were ding
was/were being dne
shall/will be ding
shall/will be being dne
shuld/wuld be ding
shuld/wuld be being dne
完成
has/ have dne
has/have been dne
had dne
had been dne
shall/will have dne
shall/will have been dne
shuld/wuld have dne
shuld/wuld have been dne
完成
进行
has/have been ding
\
had been ding
\
shall/will have been ding
\
shuld/wuld have been ding
\
二．动词过去式的变化规则
一般情况在动词后加­ed
wrk→wrked play→played
以­e结尾的动词后加­d
hpe→hped like→liked
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加­ed
study→studied try→tried
以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅
音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加­ed
stp→stpped prefer→preferred
admit→admitted permit→permitted
三．动词第三人称单数的变化规则
一般情况直接加­s
wrk→wrks get→gets say→says read→reads
结尾为­s, ­x, ­sh, ­ch或­，在词尾加­es
discuss→discusses wash→washes fix→fixes
g→ges teach→teaches
结尾为“辅音字母＋y”，变y为i再加­es
carry→carries study→studies
try→tries fly→flies cry→cries
四．动词现在分词的变化规则
一般情况在词尾直接加­ing
wrk→wrking study→studying
以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加­ing
write→writing take→taking face→facing
“辅音＋元音＋辅音”结尾的重读闭音节词， 且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写词尾辅音字母，
再加­ing
cut→cutting begin→beginning
swim→swimming run→running
put→putting plan→planning
stp→stpping
以­ie结尾的动词，变­ie为y再加­ing
lie→lying die→dying
五．各种时态的用法
一般现在时
1.表示现在的情况、状态或特征。 He is a prfessr f gelgy at the University f Gergia.
2.表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always, every time, nw and then, ccasinally, ften, seldm, never, smetimes, usually, every day/night连用。
On Mnday mrnings it usually takes me an hur t drive t wrk althugh the actual distance is nly 20 miles.
It's prbably gd fr yu t get sme criticism nw and then.
Birds were chattering smewhere, and ccasinally he culd hear a vehicle pass by.
3.客观事实和普遍真理。
The earth mves arund the sun.
4.表示按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于g, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, cme, clse等动词。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。
The next train leaves at 3 'clck this afternn.
Our class meeting starts at three ’clck n Mnday afternn.
5.在时间、条件和让步状语从句中经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将的来事情。（即：主将从现原则）
I will call yu as sn as I arrive at the airprt. When yu have finished the reprt, I will have waited fr
abut 3 hurs.
The president hpes that the peple will be better ff when he quits than when he started.
一般过去时
1．表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与ften, usually, seldm 等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday, the ther day, last week, the day befre yesterday等表示过去的时间状语连用。
—Hi, I’m Peter. Are yu new here? I haven’t seen yu arund.
—Hell, Peter. I’m Bb. I just started n Mnday.
2．有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词：knw, think, expect, want等。
Edward, yu play s well. But I didn’t knw yu played the pian.
一
般
将
来
时
1．“shall/will＋动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语tmrrw, next year, in＋一段时间等连用。其中shall通常用于第一人称，will通常用于各种人称。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。
The students have been wrking hard n their lessns and their effrts will be rewarded with success in the
end.
—What time is it?
—I have n idea. But just a minute, I will check it fr yu.
2．“be ging t＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。
Dr. Smith, tgether with his wife and daughters, is ging t visit Beijing this summer.
3．“be t＋动词原形”表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作；也可表示职责、义务、意图、禁止等。
Yu are t hand in yur papers by 10 ’clck.
A meeting is t be held at 3 ’clck this afternn.
4．“be abut t＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用，可与并列连词when(＝and at this/that time)引导的分句连用。
Tm was abut t clse the windws when his attentin was caught by a bird.
现在进行时
1．表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。
We are facing tday a strange new wrld and we are all wndering what we are ging t d with it.
2．表示位置转移的动词(词组)，如：g, cme, leave, start, arrive, return, wrk, sleep, stay, have, wear, run ut等，可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的事。
Fd supplies in the fld­stricken area are running ut. We must act immediately befre there’s nne left.
3. 延续性动词用于有将来的时间状语或有将来语境的句子中，也可以表示将来。
I am travelling next mnth.
4. 现在进行时与频度副词连用，表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。
He is always helping thers. 他总是帮助别人。（褒义）
过去进行时
1．表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time, at that mment, at this time yesterday, at ten ’clck yesterday等连用。
Susan had quit her well－paid jb and was wrking as a vlunteer in the neighbrhd when I visited her last year.
2．表示一个过去的动作正在进行时，另一个过去的动作发生了，常与when, while引导的时间状语从句连用。
Jack was wrking in the lab when the pwer cut ccurred.
将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如at this time tmrrw, by then, frm 1：30 t 4：30 tmrrw等。
Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 ’clck this afternn because she will be teaching a class at that time.
简不能参加今天下午三点的会议，因为那个时间段她正在教课。
现在完成时
1．表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语：already, just, yet, never, befre, lately, recently, in the last(past) few days/years, up t nw, till nw, s far等。
China’s high－speed railways have grwn frm 9，000 t 25，000 kilmeters in the past few years.
2．表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：since＋时间点；fr＋时间段等。
—I remember yu were a talented pianist at cllege. Can yu play the pian fr me?
—Srry, I haven’t played the pian fr years.
3.在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。
Will yu cme t my ffice when yu have finished yur wrk?
过去完成时
1．表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。
When walking dwn the street, I came acrss David, whm I hadn’t seen fr years.
By the time Jack returned hme frm England, his sn had graduated frm cllege.
2．表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语：befre, by then, by that time, by the end f, by the time＋从句等。
It tk me a lng time befre I was able t fully appreciate what they had dne fr me.
3．表示“愿望，打算”的动词(hpe, want, expect, think, mean, suppse, plan, intend等)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。
I had intended t call n yu yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitr.
使用完成时的句型
1.This/It/That is the ＋that sb. has/have dne sth.；
This/It/That was the ＋that sb. had dne sth.这是某人第几次做某事。
2.It/This is/was the＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。
3.It is/has been＋一段时间＋since sb. did；
It was/had been＋一段时间＋since sb. had dne sth.自从……以来多久了。
4. (一……就……)主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
现在完成进行时
1．表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常用的时间状语：all this mrning, this mnth, these few days, since和fr引导的状语从句等。
The manager has been telling the wrkers hw t imprve the prgram since 9 a．m.
2．所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。
The students have been wrking hard n their lessns and their effrts will be rewarded with success in the end.
六．被动语态的易错点
构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。
被动语态基本用法
被动语态的使用场合：1.不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者；2.需要突出或强调动作的承受者。
A rescue wrker risked his life saving tw turists wh had been trapped in the muntains fr tw days.
My washing machine is being repaired this week, s I have t wash my clthes by hand.
(1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cst花费；lack缺少；wn拥有；belng t属于；take part in参加。
(2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/ccur发生；remain剩下；break ut爆发；last持续；cme ut出版；cme up被提出；lse heart失去信心；date frm/back t追溯到；run ut用完。
主动形式表示被动意义
1．当系动词feel, sund, taste, lk, smell, appear, seem, turn, stay, becme, get, grw, keep等＋形容词/名词构成系表结构时，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。
This kind f wl shirt feels sft. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软。
2．当sell, read, cut, wash, write, pen, wear, run, burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时，用主动形式表示被动含义。
This sweater desn't wash very well.
This pen bught by mum as a present writes well.
Have yu bught the bk that sells well these days? I think it is suitable fr us teenagers.
七．准确确定动词时态的“四个依据”
依据一 时间状语
动词的时态，顾名思义就是指动作或状态在不同时间条件下的动词形式，因此时间状语是确定动词时态的最直接的决定因素。
[例1] Silk (becme) ne f the primary gds traded alng the Silk Rad by abut 100 B.C.
[分析] had becme 句意：到大约公元前 100 年，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。题干中有表示过去的时间状语“abut 100 B．C.”，且当时间状语由介词by(不迟于，不晚于)引导时，表示动作发生在“过去的过去”，谓语动词应用过去完成时。
[例2] In the last few years, China (make)great achievements in envirnmental prtectin.
[分析] has made 题干中的时间状语是“In the last few years”，表示动作“从过去一直到现在”，故所填词应用现在完成时。
依据二 参照动词
当题干中没有时间状语，或时间状语不能完全决定所填动词的动作发生的具体时间时，动词的时态由其参照动词来决定。
[例3] The real reasn why prices (be), and still are, t high is cmplex, and n shrt discussin can satisfactrily explain this prblem.
[分析] were 题干中没有时间状语，由参照动词“are”和“is”可以推断出所填动词陈述的是过去的事实，故应用一般过去时。
[例4] Albert Einstein was brn in 1879. As a child, few peple guessed that he (be) a famus scientist whse theries wuld change the wrld.
[分析] was ging t be 题干中虽然有时间状语“in 1879”，但这并非所填动词的动作发生的时间。由“As a child”可知，所填词的参照时间是过去，而他成为一位著名的科学家不是在他“是个小孩子”时，而是以后的事，即将来，所以所填词应用过去将来时。
依据三 句意或语境
当题干中无时间状语及参照动词，或时间状语和参照动词都不能确定所填动词的时态时，所填动词的时态由题干的具体意思或动作所发生的语境来决定。
[例5] —Is Peter cming?
—N, he (change) his mind after a phne call at the last minute.
[分析] changed 题干虽有时间状语“at the last minute”和参照动词“is cming”，但它们都不能准确定位所填动词的动作发生的时间，因此所填词的时态由句意或语境来决定。句意：“彼得要来吗？”“不，当接到一个电话后，他在最后时刻改变了主意。”由此可知，所填词的动作发生在过去，陈述的是过去的事实，故应用一般过去时。
[例6] When walking dwn the street, I came acrss David, whm I (nt see) fr years.
[分析] hadn’t seen 句意：走在街上的时候，我偶然遇到了戴维，我已经多年没见他了。分析句子结构可知，从句中缺少谓语动词；主语I与动词see之间是主动关系，故应使用主动语态，且“多年未见”这一动作发生在“偶然遇到”之前，即“过去的过去”，故使用过去完成时。
依据四 固定句式
英语有一些句式的时态常常很固定，如果题干中出现这类句式，考生应注意根据规则选用适当的时态。
1．It is the that sb. has/have dne...
2．It was the that sb. had dne...
3．Sb. was/were ding sth.
4．Hardly/Scarcely had sb. dne sth.
5．Sb. be abut t d sth.
6．It’s (high) time that sb. did sth./shuld d sth.
[例7] It is the first time that I (be) t Beijing.
[分析] have been 句意：这是我第一次去北京。提示词为be动词，考虑设空处在句中作谓语，并考虑时态和语态；再根据固定句式“It is the first time that sb. has/have dne...”确定使用现在完成时。