2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题一阅读理解第四讲词句猜测题__上下语境觅答案

这是一份2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题一阅读理解第四讲词句猜测题__上下语境觅答案，共19页。试卷主要包含了题型特点需了解，方法技巧要知晓等内容，欢迎下载使用。
[题型分析]
词句猜测题是高考阅读理解的常考题型，这类题型针对语篇中一些关键性的单词、短语或句子进行设问，要求考生猜测其含义。这些需要猜测的单词、短语或句子往往与上下文有紧密的逻辑关系，文章中往往会提供和这些词句相关的定义解释、提示词或句子结构等，考生做题时要善于寻找并捕捉这些隐性提示，并关联上下文意进行猜测。这类题型主要考查单词或短语词义、句意理解和代词指代。
[选项特征]
1．正确选项特征
(1)含义和其字面意思没有任何关系；
(2)上下文逻辑通顺；
(3)与原句意思最接近；
(4)代入原文，最为得体。
2．干扰选项特征
(1)与所考词汇形似；
(2)如果考的是熟词、旧词，含有常规词义或本来含义的往往是错误选项；
(3)解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。
二、方法技巧要知晓
题型一 词句猜测题
在文章中，任何一个单词、短语或句子都不是孤立存在的，它总要通过上下文和文章其他内容有着紧密的联系，通过这些联系可以猜测出单词、短语或句子的意思。有时作者在阐述某人、某物或某一现象的特点时，先是一般地或概括性地说一下， 然后再作具体的说明或解释；或者反过来，先进行具体的阐述，然后再归纳、总结。如果学生能抓住作者的思路，就能从那些具体的说明、解释或归纳中找出猜词或句的线索。锁定语句前后寻找，充分利用上下文语境是解题关键。
[典例1] (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读D片段)
In the wrng hands, such a bk culd prve as cmplicated t prcess as the cmputer cde (代码) that pwers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has mre than tw decades' prfessinal experience translating the heady int the understandable.She writes frm the practical angle f a business persn rather than as an academic, making fr a guide which is highly accessible and infrmative and which, by the clse, will make yu feel almst as smart as AI.
32．What des the phrase “In the wrng hands” in this paragraph prbably mean?
A．If read by smene prly educated.
B．If reviewed by smene ill-intentined.
C．If written by smene less cmpetent.
D．If translated by smene unacademic.
[解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词the phrase “In the wrng hands”和in this paragraph。
第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文本段第一句中的but及其后部分可知，坎贝尔有二十多年的专业经验，她能将令人头晕的东西转化为容易理解的东西。利用逻辑关系猜测词义，画线短语指的应该是如果换一个学术能力不如坎贝尔的人来写这本书。
第三步：比对选项得出答案。
[答案] C
技法点拨：
1．“语法关系”猜词义
[典例2] (2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读C片段)
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days. At the end f the thirty days, yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
29．What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Clear-up.B．Add-n.
C．Check-in.D．Take-ver.
[解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词underlined wrd “declutter”和paragraph 3。
第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第三段中的“Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy: the digital declutter. This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days.”可知，画线词的下一句就是对the digital declutter的解释，根据下文中的step away frm可知，画线词意为“清除、清理”。
第三步：比对选项得出答案。
[答案] A
技法点拨：
2．“逻辑关系”猜词义
[典例3] “This is ne f the mst creative and valuable technlgies that I've seen as a farmer，” said James Jhnsn f Carzalia Farm in a statement, wh has used Carbn Rbtics' technlgy n his farm. “I expect the rbts t g mainstream because f hw effectively they address sme f farming's mst critical issues, including the veruse f chemicals, prcess efficiency, and labr. The sky is the limit.” It's n surprise that the 2021 mdel f the Autnmus Weeder has already sld ut, even cnsidering its price tag which was quted at “hundreds f thusands f dllars”．
The de-weeding methd f the rbt is Certified Organic and in line with regenerative farming practices. Cst-effective weed cntrl is the biggest barrier t entry with rganic farming, and agriculturalists lking t make the switch finally have an alternative t help them get their vegetables ut t peple.
33．What des the underlined sentence “The sky is the limit.” mean in paragraph 4?
A．The rbts wn't spread widely.
B．The inventin is very prmising.
C．The weeder addresses limited issues.
D．The technlgy needs further imprvement.
[解析] 第一步：阅读题干，寻找关键词the underlined sentence “The sky is the limit.”和paragraph 4。
第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文第四段中的“It's n surprise that the 2021 mdel f the Autnmus Weeder has already sld ut, even cnsidering its price tag which was quted at ‘hundreds f thusands f dllars’．”可知，该除草机非常实用，2021款除草机已经卖完，该句是对画线句的进一步解释说明，由此可知，画线句应意为“这项发明很有前景”。
第三步：比对选项得出答案。
[答案] B
技法点拨：
3．“语境吻合”猜句意
题型二 代词指代题
在文章中，为了避免语意的重复，常用一些代词指代上文所说的人或事。在平时的学习中，熟悉代词的含义十分重要。代词多是it、this、that、he、them、they、ne、thse等。一般来讲，it/this/that指代一件事；it/he/them/they/ne/thse可指代上文提到的人或事物。解答这类题目的时候要遵循“就近原则”，找出离代词最近的名词、词组或句子等，当然有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能找出代词所指代的事物。
[典例4] (2024·浙江卷1月阅读B片段)
When was the last time yu used a telephne bx? I mean t make an actual phne call—nt t shelter frm the rain. Ages ag, right? The last time I used a phne bx fr its intended purpse I was cnducting auditins (试演) fr my play in my tiny ld shared huse in Lndn. Hping t impress sme talented actrs t cme and wrk fr me fr nthing, I spread sme thrws ver the sfas and lit candles t make it seem a bit mre “yung prfessinal”．
24．What des the wrd “it” underlined in the first paragraph refer t?
A．The play.B．The shared huse.
C．The sfa.D．The telephne bx.
[解析] 第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词the wrd “it”和underlined in the first paragraph。
第二步：根据关键词，定位到原文本段第五句。根据“就近原则”和代词所指代的内容一般出现在前面的句子中，且it表单数概念可知，此处指使“我”的合租房看起来更“年轻专业”一点，it指代“合租房”，代入原文，符合句意。
第三步：比对选项得出答案。
[答案] B
技法点拨：
A
(2024·梅州二模)A secnd-grade educatin has nt stpped garbage cllectr Jse Gutierrez. He is bringing the gift f reading t thusands f Clmbian children.
Gutierrez started saving bks frm the trash 27 years ag. He was driving a garbage truck at night thrugh the cuntry's richer neighbrhds. The bks that were thrwn away slwly piled up. Nw the grund flr f his small huse is a cmmunity library. It is stacked (堆放) frm flr t ceiling. They range frm chemistry textbks t children's classics.
Bks are luxuries fr bys and girls in lw-incme neighbrhds. New reading material at bkstres is t expensive. There are 19 public libraries in Bgta, a city f 8.5 millin peple. But the libraries tend t be lcated far away frm prer areas.“They shuld be in all neighbrhds and n each crner f every neighbrhd，”the 60-year-ld says.“Bks can save us. That is what Clmbia needs.”
Gutierrez has a lve f reading, which cmes frm his mther. She always read t him even thugh she was t pr t keep him in schl. Gutierrez is a keen reader f wrks by authrs such as Le Tlsty and Victr Hug. His favrite bks include One Hundred Years f Slitude and The General in His Labyrinth by Clmbia's Nbel Prize-winning nvelist Gabriel Garcia Marquez. The first bk Gutierrez fund was a cpy f the classic nvel Anna Karenina. The Tlsty bk was later jined by The Little Prince, Sphie's Wrld, The Iliad and a number f nvels. Tday, he has cllected arund 25，000 bks.
Nw, Gutierrez still lks thrugh the rubbish fr additins t his library, named “The Strength f Wrds”. His fame as Clmbia's “Lrd f the Bks” has helped a lt. It has brught him thusands f dnated bks. He has sent many t ther libraries arund the cuntry. Mrever, Gutierrez has traveled t bk fairs in Mexic and Chile t share his experience f starting a library with the bks that are thrwn away.
Gutierrez says he desn't reject technlgy that allws bks t be read digitally. But he prefers t read the printed wrds n paper.“There is nthing mre beautiful than having a bk in yur pcket, in yur bag r inside yur car.”
【语篇解读】 文章讲述了60岁的拾荒者约瑟·古铁雷斯二十多年来，一直将垃圾中的书籍保留下来并提供给哥伦比亚的孩子们的故事。
1．Hw ld was Gutierrez when he started saving bks frm the trash?
A．In his twenties. B．In his thirties.
C．In his frties.D．In his fifties.
B 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Gutierrez started saving bks frm the trash 27 years ag.”和第三段中的“the 60-year-ld says”可知，古铁雷斯三十几岁时开始从垃圾桶里捡书。
2．What des the underlined wrd “They” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Luxury bks.B．Garbage trucks.
C．Public libraries.D．Pr areas.
C 代词指代题。根据画线词所在句的前两句可知，画线词They指代上文的public libraries。
3．What did the bk Anna Karenina mean t Gutierrez?
A．The beginning f his charity prject.
B．A windw t the wrld.
C．One f his greatest achievements in life.
D．Sme cmfrt in difficult times.
A 推理判断题。根据第四段后三句可知，《安娜·卡列尼娜》是古铁雷斯收集的第一本书，之后他又收集了大约25 000 本书。由此可推知，这本书对古铁雷斯来说意味着他慈善事业的开始。
4．Which f the fllwing sayings des Gutierrez's stry lead us t believe?
A．Actins speak luder than wrds.
B．A gd bk can shine a light upn the sul.
C．One man's trash is anther man's treasure.
D．The palest ink is better than the best memry.
C 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了60岁的拾荒者约瑟·古铁雷斯二十多年来，一直将垃圾桶中的书籍保留下来并提供给哥伦比亚低收入家庭的孩子们的故事，由此可推知，古铁雷斯的故事让我们相信“一个人的垃圾可能是另一个人的财富”。
B
(2024·合肥二模)Researchers set up an experiment in which 5-year-lds were tested with their fellws under different circumstances f transparency (透明) and different audiences. They set up a sticker machine that in sme settings was transparent, and ther settings in which nly the giver f stickers knew hw many stickers he culd give. They had children give ut stickers in bth settings. The results were striking: Children were cnsistently generus nly when the receiver and audience f the stickers were fully aware f the dnatin ptins. Children were ntably ungenerus when the receiver f stickers culdn't see the ptins.
The researchers said, “Children nly shwed cnsistently pr-scial behavir in ur study in the cnditin when they culd see the receiver and their allcatins (分配物) were fully visible; in all ther cnditins, children were statistically ungenerus, giving the receiver the smaller amunt f stickers.”
They made the cnclusins that at a very early age, children are learning hw t psitin themselves scially. Well befre they apprehend the scilgy f their netwrks and what scial reputatin really means, they think strategically abut giving as a functin f hw they can gain a reputatin with a peer as a generus citizen r pr-scial agent when the receiver bserves them.
Children change their behavir in respnse t having an audience. Help children give t thers in full view, delivering meals t families, and in private, drpping ff treats r surprises fr thse wh need supprt withut signing their names. Als, children shuld be reminded that thank-yu ntes are lvely but unnecessary t receive. When we give gifts r lend help t thers, try t help children remember why they shuld prvide smething fr anther. It really desn't have t be recgnized. When a thank-yu card desn't cme, it desn't make a gift any less valuable r meaningful fr thse wh were lucky enugh t receive.
【语篇解读】 研究表明，当别人意识到孩子的捐赠行为时，孩子会更慷慨。文章介绍了这一研究结果并就如何从小培养慷慨提出了建议。
5．What did the researchers discver?
A．The givers' behavir greatly inspired the receivers t help in return.
B．The children gave ut an equal number f stickers in bth settings.
C．The presence f an audience affected children's decisins t give.
D．Dnating helped children t becme mre generus in the future.
C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Children were cnsistently the receiver f stickers culdn't see the ptins.”可知，研究人员发现观众的存在影响了孩子们所做的决定。
6．Which is pr-scial behavir accrding t the researchers?
A．Observing the givers.
B．Dnating mre stickers.
C．Gaining a reputatin.
D．Receiving mre allcatins.
B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Children nly shwed cnsistently pr-scial fully visible”可知，研究人员认为捐赠更多贴纸是亲社会行为。
7．What des the underlined wrd “apprehend” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Share.B．Predict.
C．Cnfirm.D．Understand.
D 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“They made the cnclusins themselves scially.”及画线词后的“the scilgy f their netwrks and what scial reputatin really means”可知，孩子们早在他们理解网络的社会学以及社会声誉的真正含义之前就在学习如何在社会上定位自己。apprehend意为“理解”。
8．What is the purpse f the last paragraph?
A．T suggest recgnizing thers' kindness.
B．T acknwledge the giver's cntributin.
C．T cnfirm the benefits f being grateful.
D．T advise inspiring genersity in children.
D 写作意图题。根据最后一段内容可知，最后一段就从小培养孩子的慷慨提出建议。
专题强化练(十一)
A
(2024·南京二模)As any cat wner will tell yu, talking t yur cat is ttally nrmal. And even thugh feline (猫) friends may seem distant t these adring talks, a new study in Animal Cgnitin suggests they are really listening.
Researchers in France expsed huse cats t recrdings f their wner r a stranger saying phrases in cat- r human-directed speech—Like baby talk, cat-directed speech is typically higher pitched with shrt, repetitive phrases. The team fund that felines tended t react t their wner speaking in cat-directed speech—but nt t their wner speaking in adult tnes r t a stranger using either adult- r cat-directed speech.
Previus research had shwn similar findings in dgs, but much less is knwn when it cmes t cats.“Sme peple still cnsider cats independent—yu cannt have a real relatinship with cats，”says lead study authr Charltte Muzn, a cat behavirist at the University f Paris Nanterre. Sme peple might be embarrassed abut using special vcalizatins fr cats, she says, but this research shws “peple shuldn't be ashamed”．
Muzn and her team recrded 16 cat wners saying such as “D yu want t play？” r “D yu want a treat？” in cat- and human-directed speech. Then they filmed each cat befre, during and after playing it a series f recrdings f its wner and ther wners' speech. The researchers used sftware t rate the cats' reactins frm multiple dimensins, making the result mre cnvincing.
“Althugh cats have a reputatin fr ignring their wners, a grwing bdy f research indicates that cats pay clse attentin t humans，”says Kristyn Vitale, a cat behavir scientist at Unity Cllege in Maine, wh was nt invlved in the study.“Cats can learn that specific speech has certain meanings.”But she ntes the study is t small and that future wrk is needed t expand the research t ther cat ppulatins.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，该研究认为和宠物猫用特殊语调说话是有效的，会受到宠物猫关注。
1．Accrding t paragraph 2, what d huse cats respnd bviusly t?
A．The wner's cat-directed tne.
B．A stranger's human-directed talks.
C．A stranger's cat-directed recrdings.
D．The wner's human-directed speech.
A 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，宠物猫对主人的猫式语气反应明显。
2．What des the underlined wrd “vcalizatins” mean in paragraph 3?
A．Strategies. B．Trainings.
C．Sunds.D．Rhymes.
C 词义猜测题。根据第二段内容可知，本文介绍的研究内容与人对猫说话的语气有关，结合画线词所在句语境可知，此处指有些人可能会因对猫使用特殊的声音感到尴尬，画线词的意思为“声音”。
3．What makes Muzn's findings mre reliable?
A．Cntinuus filming f cats' respnses.
B．Cmprehensive analyses backed by sftware.
C．Multi-dimensinal evaluatins f cats' habits.
D．Further reference t previus studies n dgs.
B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The researchers used the result mre cnvincing.”可知，该研究有计算机软件支持，从多方面对猫的反应进行了综合分析，这使得穆宗的研究更加可靠。
4．What is the limitatin f Muzn's research?
A．Lack f sample types.
B．Absence f wners' supprt.
C．Absence f scientific tls.
D．Lack f experts' invlvement.
A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“But she ntes the study is t small and that future wrk is needed t expand the research t ther cat ppulatins.”可知，虽然试验对猫有一定参考意义，但未来的研究还需要拓宽样本的数量和种类。
B
(2024·东阳5月模拟)Dr. Tamara Scully, a psychlgist wh wrks with children, yung peple and adults, shares hw grandparents can help children's well-being.
It is difficult t search fr the answer t the main mental health challenges facing children. Over the past tw years, there has been an increase in child and adlescent mental health difficulties. In particular, there has been a significant increase in anxiety and eating disrders. Yung peple are als reprting a much higher level f slitude (孤独), which may arise frm spending t much time n cellphnes, televisins and cmputers.
All these will deeply affect hw they behave in their daily life. And it's abslutely nrmal fr yung peple t mve up and dwn the mental health curve (曲线).“We get cncerned when we ntice big changes in their behavir that dn't pass in a few weeks. Fr example, grandchildren stp meeting friends, stay in their bedrm r lse interest in things they used t enjy，” said Scully.
S what rle can grandparents play in ensuring their grandchildren's well-being? Accrding t Scully, the mst imprtant thing grandparents can ffer is simply themselves, just being there, listening and accepting. There's a lvely saying that it takes a village t raise a child. Relatinships are the biggest predictrs f happiness and success thrughut the whle life. Strng psitive relatinships build resilience (抗逆力) in ur yung peple.
Grandparents shuld als be present and give their time. They can give their time directly t their grandchildren and t their wn children. A parent wh is allwed time t refuel will shw up as a better parent. They can help their grandchildren by being n their team and sitting with them when times are tugh. All children benefit frm smething called relatinal wealth and this is a grandparent's mst imprtant cntributin t the grwth f their yunger generatins.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了祖父母在确保孙辈幸福方面如何发挥作用。
5．Why d yung peple suffer frm increasing lneliness?
A．They have less nn-screen time.
B．They prefer enjying varius take-ut.
C．They fail t cnquer emtinal disrders.
D．They cncentrate mre n ups than dwns.
A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Yung peple are als reprting a much higher level f and cmputers.”可知，越来越多的年轻人感到孤独是由于他们花费太多时间在手机、电视和电脑上，因此，他们拥有更少的非屏幕时间。
6．What des the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Children shuld frm great resilience.
B．Children shuld learn t predict their success.
C．Children shuld be brught up by all villagers.
D．Children shuld grw up in a harmnius relatinship.
D 句意猜测题。根据画线句下文“Relatinships are the biggest resilience in ur yung peple.”可知，此处是描述人际关系对于确保孙辈幸福的积极意义，由此可推知，画线句意为“孩子应该在一个和谐的关系中成长”。
7．What is the attitude f Scully tward listening t grandchildren?
A．Disapprved.B．Favrable.
C．Tlerant.D．Skeptical.
B 观点态度题。根据第四段中的“Accrding t Scully, the mst and accepting.”可知，斯库利认为祖父母能提供给孙辈的最重要的东西就是他们自己，只要在那里、倾听和接受(就可以)，由此可推知，斯库利对于倾听孙辈持支持态度。
8．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．Hw t accept the yuth f tday.
B．Hw t be a qualified grandparent.
C．Hw t help grandchildren's welfare.
D．Hw t tackle the mental health challenges.
C 主旨大意题。通读全文并结合第一段内容可知，本文介绍了祖父母在确保孙辈幸福方面如何发挥作用，C项能够总结文章大意。
C
(2024·南京师大附中一模)On January 7, David Bennett went int the perating rm at the University f Maryland Medical Center fr a surgical prcedure never perfrmed befre n a human. The 57-year-ld Maryland resident had been hspitalized fr mnths due t a life threatening disease. His heart was failing him and he needed a new ne.
Bennett's cnditin left him unrespnsive t treatment and ineligible (不合格) fr the transplant(移植) list r an artificial heart pump. The physician-scientists at the center, hwever, had anther—als risky—ptin: transplant a heart frm a genetically-mdified pig.
“It was either die r d this transplant，”Bennett had tld surgens a day befre the peratin.“I want t live. I knw it's a sht in the dark, but it's als my last chice.”
It tk the medical team eight hurs t finish the peratin, making Bennett the first human t successfully receive a pig's heart.“It's wrking and it lks nrmal. We are thrilled, but we dn't knw what tmrrw will bring us. This has never been dne befre，”Barkley Griffith, wh led the transplant team, tld the New Yrk Times.
While it's nly been five days since the peratin, the surgens say that Bennett's new pig heart was, s far, functining as expected and his bdy wasn't rejecting (排斥) the rgan. They are still mnitring his cnditin clsely.
“I think it's extremely exciting，”says Rbert Mntgmery, a transplant surgen and directr f the NYU Langne Transplant Institute, wh was nt invlved in Bennett's peratin. The result f the prcedure was als persnally meaningful fr Mntgmery, wh received a heart transplant in 2018 due t a genetic disease that may als affect members f his family in the future.“It's still in the early days, but still the heart seems t be functining. And that in and f itself is an extrardinary thing. Up t nw mst experimental heart transplant prcedures have been dne between pigs and ther animals. This is the first time that surgens have taken it int a living human.”
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了全球首个成功地将猪心移植到活人体内的手术案例。
9．What d the underlined wrds “a sht in the dark” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Smething that csts a frtune.
B．Smething impssible t succeed.
C．Smething drawing public attentin.
D．Smething with an uncertain utcme.
D 词义猜测题。根据画线短语上文“It was either die r d this transplant”可推知，班尼特不确定手术是否成功。由此可推知，画线短语a sht in the dark的意思是“结果不确定的事情”。
10．What is Barkley Griffith's attitude t Bennett's pst-peratin cnditin?
A．Negative.B．Cautius.
C．Optimistic.D．Uncaring.
B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We are thrilled, but we dn't knw what tmrrw will bring us.”及第五段中的“They are still mnitring his cnditin clsely.”可推知，巴克利·格里菲斯对班尼特的术后情况十分谨慎。
11．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．The heated debate ver the pig heart transplant.
B．David Bennett's cntributin t medical research.
C．The first experimental pig heart transplant in the wrld.
D．The first successful pig heart transplant int a living human.
D 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了全球首个成功地将猪心移植到活人体内的手术案例。
12．In which sectin f a magazine may this passage appear?
A．Plitical Affairs.B．Glbal Entertainment.
C．Sci-Tech Frnt.D．Financial Windw.
C 文章出处题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了全球首个成功地将猪心移植到活人体内的手术案例。由此可推知，这篇文章也许会出现在杂志的科技前沿部分。
专题强化练(十二)
A
(2024·浙江6月适应性考试)During my first year in cllege, I was silent. I was t afraid f saying smething wrng.
I declared a religin majr as a sphmre and tk a class frm Barbara, a yung thelgian. My mind was split pen by a range f new thinkers and writers and by the quality f Barbara's questins, I finally had smething t say and the energy t say it. I was a frequent visitr during Barbara's ffice hurs, a rcket f wrds. She listened and calmly respnded, a perfect cntrast t my feverish ramblings. I lved what she saw in me, which was a range f abilities I had never seen in myself. In the fllwing years, ur relatinship gradually deepened, but I was always cnscius f a teacher-student dynamic.
This changed fundamentally when I became a parent. I had my sn in March 2010, and Barbara was ne f the first t cngratulate me. When, nine mnths later, my child was diagnsed with Tay-Sachs disease, a rare and always terminal illness with n treatment and n cure, she sent me a letter-handwritten n a white legal pad. Fr the next tw and a half years, Barbara wrte me regular, smetimes weekly, letters, remarkable letters that were revealing, lving, and kind.
The letter written right befre my sn died, when he was three, was the mst persnal and perhaps the mst prfund.“I think he's made yu better by pening up the great fire f yur lve，” she wrte, “with his small but magnificent existence.”I have never in my life read a mre deeply cmfrting sentence, ne that spke t my grandest hpes, my deepest fears, and the nly faith that remains t me, which is a belief in chas. Our lve had blmed and deepened frm a guarded mutual respect t a richer, deeper friendship.
Mentrs are meant t lead thse in their charge int fresh understanding, help them srt and filter new experiences, assist in the prject f making sense ut f the chas that in human life. Mentrs bserve and accmpany the darkest despair, the wildest srrw, and the mst unexpected jy.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了导师对作者的鼓舞和帮助的故事，从而表达了自己对导师深深的感激之情。
1．What can we learn frm paragraph 2?
A．The authr tk the class because she excelled in thelgy.
B．The relatinship between Barbara and the authr changed significantly beynd a teacher-student mde.
C．The authr was a frequent visitr t Barbara's hme after wrking hurs.
D．Barbara's peaceful exterir was a cntrast t the authr's verexcited talk.
D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She listened and calmly respnded, a perfect cntrast t my feverish ramblings.”可知，芭芭拉平静的答复与作者激动的话语形成了对比。
2．What des the underlined wrd “This” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．The way Barbara treated her students.
B．The fact that the authr kept silent in class.
C．The rle f the authr as a cllege student.
D．The relatinship between Barbara and the authr.
D 代词指代题。根据画线词上一段最后一句“In the fllwing years, ur relatinship gradually deepened, but I was always cnscius f a teacher-student dynamic.”可知，作者一直感受到自己和芭芭拉之间的师生情。由此可推知，画线词This指的正是两人之间的关系。
3．What transfrmed the relatinship between Barbara and the authr frm a mutual respect t a deeper friendship?
A．Barbara's effrts t slve the prblem.
B．Barbara's sympathy shwn in the letter.
C．The authr's in-depth understanding f Barbara.
D．Barbara's cngratulatins n the birth f the authr's sn.
B 细节理解题。根据第四段内容尤其是最后一句“Our lve had blmed and deepened frm a guarded mutual respect t a richer, deeper friendship.”可知，芭芭拉在信中所表现出来的同情使得两人之间的关系从互相尊重变成了更深层次的友谊。
4．What des the authr think f Barbara?
A．Demanding and dedicated.
B．Respnsible and reasnable.
C．Insightful and inspiring.
D．Aggressive and ambitius.
C 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，芭芭拉的问题触动了作者的思想，由此可推知，芭芭拉很有见解；根据第四段第三句可知，芭芭拉的信令人宽慰，由此可推知，芭芭拉很会鼓舞人。
B
(2024·潮州质检)Several years ag, a cusin I had lst tuch with since I was a teenager drpped by my huse. At the living rm entrance, he stpped in dead silence, his eyes fixed n the bkshelves cvering the entire back wall.“Have yu read them all？”he asked me, almst frightened.“Yes，”I said，“just abut.”He shk his head in silence, as if this was a feat (技艺) that had demanded sme effrt. As fr him, he had had t leave schl at furteen, wrking wherever he culd. His family did nt have bks. I nly ever recalled seeing the cmic bk Tarzan lying arund n the table.
I ften recall this scene with my cusin with unease. It hides anther vilent ne. I was between fifteen and eighteen years ld. I must have blamed my father fr “nt being interested in anything”， fr reading nly Paris-Nrmandie, the lcal newspaper. Usually s calm and tlerant regarding the rudeness f his nly daughter, he replied seriusly，“Bks are gd fr yu. But as fr me, I dn't need them t live.”
These wrds stretch acrss time, fixed inside me, like a pain and an unbearable reality. I understd very well what my father meant. Reading Alexander Dumas, Flaubert, Camus wuld nt have served any practical purpse in his wrk as a cafe wner. On the ther hand, in the future he hped fr me, he vaguely knew that bks held weight, and that they frmed part f a defining package—“cultural baggage”—that included the theatre, the pera and winter sprts—a superir scial wrld. I understd all that and it was unacceptable. I refused t think that the wrld f bks wuld stay frever clsed t the human being wh was dearest t me.
As I think abut reasns fr reading, my father's wrds cme back t me insistently, like a persnal and unslvable cntradictin. N, t read is nt t live but I have always lived with bks.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文章中回忆了几年前她的堂兄知道她差不多读完整面墙的书后非常吃惊的场景，以及作者与父亲在阅读这一问题上的分歧并表达了自己的看法。
5．What des paragraph 1 tell us abut the authr?
A．Her having read many bks amazed her cusin.
B．Her cusin quit schl early and had n bks at all.
C．She cmpletely finished reading the bks n the shelves.
D．Her cusin was frightened t death upn seeing the bks.
A 细节理解题。根据第一段中作者和堂兄的对话可知，作者的堂兄在知道作者差不多读完了整面墙的书后感到非常吃惊。
6．What des the underlined wrd “ne” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．An idea.B．An emtin.
C．A scene.D．A relative.
C 代词指代题。ne作代词时，常用来指代上文出现过的单数名词，以避免重复。根据第二段中ne所在句的上下句可知，anther vilent ne指的是作者和父亲就读书产生意见分歧的场景，这个ne指“一个场景”。
7．What can't the authr accept?
A．The bitter memry f a vilent childhd.
B．The strict tne in which her father spke.
C．The fear f falling shrt f her father's expectatins.
D．Her father's ignrance f the imprtance f reading.
D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句以及第三段中的“I refused t was dearest t me.”可知，作者不能接受父亲忽略阅读的重要性而不去阅读。
8．What is the passage ging t talk abut next?
A．Why the authr enjys reading bks.
B．What separates the authr frm thers.
C．What the authr's father really meant.
D．Hw ther cnflicts erupted.
A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，阅读是作者生活的一部分，由此可推知，作者接下来会讲述自己的阅读经历以及喜爱阅读的理由。
C
(2024·武汉5月模拟)Quantum thery (量子理论) is perhaps the mst successful scientific idea ever. Yet, a century after its birth, smething remains deeply puzzling abut quantum thery. It des nt tell us hw physical systems behave. Instead, it treats any physical system as a black bx: if yu d this t it nw, it will react like that later. What happens in between? The thery simply desn't tell us.
An idea has recently begun t catch n. Perhaps there is n need t make anything up abut what lies behind quantum thery. Perhaps it really des reveal t us the deep structure f reality, where a prperty is n mre than smething that affects smething else. Perhaps this is precisely what “prperties” are: the effects f interactins.
Think f a simple bject such as a blue teacup. Its being blue is nt a prperty f the cup alne: clrs happen in ur brain as a result f the certain bilgical structure f ur eyes and as a cnsequence f the interactins between daylight and the cup's surface. Its being “a teacup” refers t its ptential functin as a drinking cntainer: fr an alien wh desn't knw abut drinking tea, the very cncept f a teacup is meaningless. As quantum thery shws: they are defined by their physical interactins with the rest f the wrld.
Then, it cmes with a lessn. We understand reality better if we think f it in terms f interactins, nt individuals. This is why, in classic game thery, the winners in the lng run are thse wh cperate. T flishly we measure success in terms f an individual's frtunes. It misunderstands the true nature f reality, and is ultimately self-defeating, which leads t unimaginable cnsequence and prevents us frm addressing challenges that all human-kind faces as a whle.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了量子理论向我们揭示了现实的深层结构以及事物间的相互作用。
9．What pssibly des quantum thery tell accrding t the passage?
A．Hw physical systems behave.
B．Hw t treat physical systems.
C．What effects ne has n itself.
D．What the structure f reality is.
D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Perhaps it really des reveal t us the deep structure f reality, where a prperty is n mre than smething that affects smething else.”可知，量子理论可能揭示了现实的结构。
10．Hw des the authr explain “the effects f interactins”？
A．By giving an example.
B．By making a cmparisn.
C．By quting a scientist.
D．By cnducting a survey.
A 推理判断题。根据第三段内容可推知，作者通过举例说明解释“相互作用的影响”。
11．What des the underlined wrd “It” in paragraph 4 refer t?
A．The cnsequence we bear.
B．The thery in classic games.
C．The frtunes individuals have.
D．The way t measure success.
D 代词指代题。根据画线词上文可知，我们用个人的财富来衡量成功(的做法)太过愚蠢。由此可推知，It指代的是“衡量成功的方法”。
12．What is the main purpse f the passage?
A．T clarify a physics thery.
B．T draw attentin t interactin.
C．T challenge a ppular idea.
D．T present reflectins n games.
B 写作意图题。根据最后一段前两句可知，如果我们从相互作用而不是个体的角度来考虑现实，我们就能更好地理解现实。由此可推知，文章的主要目的是引起人们对事物间相互作用的注意。体裁
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