精品解析：北京市东城区2024-2025学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版）

这是一份精品解析：北京市东城区2024-2025学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题（解析版），共21页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Drake was riding in the passenger seat f his grandfather’s truck alng Rute 75. The grandfather, Hugh, 68, was in cntact with a c-wrker when ___1___ smething was very wrng. Hugh ___2___ talking and lked nt quite himself. Drake called ut and asked whether he was all right, but Hugh was n lnger cnscius.
Hugh’s c-wrker, wh was still n the line, tld Drake t use his grandfather’s cell phne t call his mther, Jessica. She ___3___ her sn t climb nt his grandfather’s lap, take hld f the wheel and pull ver t the shulder f the highway. Then the call drpped.
Drake lives n a farm and has driven glf carts. “There’s always an adult watching, but he drives alne,” his mther said. The ___4___ behind the wheel gave him the cnfidence t ___5___ his grandfather’s vehicle. He pulled ff, called 911 and tld the peratr what had happened and where he was lcated. “I’m really scared,” Drake added in tears. “I dn’t want him t die.”
Plice and an ambulance quickly arrived at the ___6___. Althugh Drake was relieved that help had arrived, he said, “I was still kind f ___7___. Rescue wrkers gave Hugh first aid, and, within abut 20 minutes, he started t feel better. “It was gd I had Drake with me,” Hugh said. He knws that had his grandsn nt been there with him, things culd have taken an awful ___8___ .
Drake’s parents said they weren’t ___9___ by his quick thinking. “He’s a unique little persn,” his mther said. “If I culd ____10____ any 10-year-ld in the wrld in that exact situatin, it wuld be Drake. My wn child saved my wn parent,” Jessica cntinued. “It made my heart swell.”
1. A. immediatelyB. finallyC. naturallyD. suddenly
2. A. missedB. frgtC. stppedD. meant
3. A. permittedB. instructedC. invitedD. warned
4. A. psitinB. visinC. experienceD. guidance
5. A. take verB. take ffC. take utD. take in
6. A. sceneB. hspitalC. farmD. shelter
7. A. satisfiedB. shakyC. cnfusedD. prud
8. A. chanceB. rleC. viewD. turn
9. A. inspiredB. surprisedC. impressedD. delighted
10. A. check nB. fcus nC. reflect nD. cunt n
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了10岁的小男孩Drake在爷爷开车时突发急病的情况下，沉着冷静地将车安全停靠在路边并及时拨打911报警，最终使爷爷转危为安的故事。
【1题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：当祖父Hugh突然看起来不太对劲时，他正在与一个同事通话。A. immediately立即；B. finally最后；C. naturally自然地；D. suddenly突然地；根据下文“smething was very wrng”可知下文说的是不太对劲的事，可以推断出他是突然出现了问题，故选D项。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Hugh停止了说话，看起来不太对劲。A. missed错过；B. frgt忘记；C. stpped停止；D. meant意味着；根据下文“Drake called ut and asked whether he was all right, but Hugh was n lnger cnscius”可知德雷克大喊问他是否还好，但休已经没有意识了，可以推断出祖父是停止了说话，故选C项。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jessica指示她的儿子爬到祖父的膝盖上，抓住方向盘，把车开到高速公路的紧急停车道上。A. permitted允许；B. instructed指示；C. invited邀请；D. warned警告；根据下文“climb nt his grandfather’s lap, take hld f the wheel and pull ver t the shulder f the highway”可知下文说的是爬到祖父的膝盖上，抓住方向盘，把车开到高速公路的紧急停车道上，可以推断出Jessica是在指示Drake，故选B项。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：坐在方向盘后面的经验给了他信心去接管他祖父的车辆。A. psitin位置；B. visin视野；C. experience经验；D. guidance指导；根据上文“Drake lives n a farm and has driven glf carts”可知上文提到Drake曾经驾驶过高尔夫球车，可以推断出是他的经验给了他信心，故选C项。
【5题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. take ver接管；B. take ff起飞；C. take ut取出；D. take in吸收；根据下文“He pulled ff, called 911 and tld the peratr what had happened and where he was lcated”可知下文说的是他靠边停车，拨打了911，并告诉操作员发生了什么事以及他的位置，可以推断出他是接管了车辆，故选A项。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：警察和救护车迅速到达了现场。A. scene现场；B. hspital医院；C. farm农场；D. shelter避难所；根据下文“Drake was relieved that help had arrived”可知下文说的是Drake松了一口气，救援人员已经到达，可以推断出救援人员到达的是事故现场，故选A项。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管Drake松了一口气，知道救援人员已经到达，但他还是有点动摇。A. satisfied满意的；B. shaky颤抖的；C. cnfused困惑的；D. prud骄傲的；根据上文“I dn’t want him t die”可知上文说的是Drake不希望爷爷去世，可以推断出虽然救援力量到达，但是他此时依然感到颤抖，故选B项。
【8题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果他的孙子没有和他在一起，事情可能会有一个糟糕的转变。A. chance机会；B. rle角色；C. view观点；D. turn转变；根据上文“He knws that had his grandsn nt been there with him”可知上文说的是他知道如果他的孙子没有和他在一起的话，可以推断出如果没有Drake，情况可能会有一个糟糕的转变，“take an awful turn”是固定短语，意为“变得很糟糕”，此处指事情朝着不好的方向变化，符合语境，表达如果没有孙子在，情况可能就变得糟糕了，故选D项。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Drake的父母说他们对他迅速的思考并不感到惊讶。A. inspired启发；B. surprised惊讶；C. impressed印象；D. delighted高兴；根据下文“He’s a unique little persn”可知下文说的是他真是个小天才，可以推断出父母对Drake的行为并不感到惊讶，故选B项。
【10题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：如果我能在这个确切的情况下依赖世界上任何一位10岁的孩子，那将是他。A. check n检查；B. fcus n集中；C. reflect n反思；D. cunt n指望；根据下文“any 10-year-ld in the wrld in that exact situatin”可知下文说的是在那种情况下……任何一位10岁的孩子，可以推断出此处说的是妈妈认为如果能在这个确切的情况下依赖世界上任何一位10岁的孩子，那将是他的儿子，也就是说她是指望Drake在危急时刻救她，故选D项。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Andrew Knde, a student at Kenya’s Strathmre University, was inspired t start learning kung fu as a child after ___11___ (watch) martial arts mvies. What began as a hbby fr a child has since becme a way f life fr Knde, ___12___ is nw the chairman f the university’ s Martial Arts Club. Thrugh hard wrk, he ___13___ (lead) his team t victries at natinal champinships ver the past tw years.
【答案】11. watching
12. wh 13. has led
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了肯尼亚斯特拉斯莫尔大学的学生Andrew Knde受武术电影启发，从小开始学习功夫，后来成为大学武术俱乐部主席，并在过去两年里带领团队在全国锦标赛中取得胜利的故事。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：肯尼亚斯特拉斯莫尔大学的学生Andrew Knde，小时候看了武术电影后，受到启发开始学习功夫。after为介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填watching。
【12题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：对Knde来说，最初只是孩子的爱好，现在已经成为了他的一种生活方式，他现在是大学武术俱乐部的主席。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Knde，指人，且从句中作主语，用关系代词wh引导从句。故填wh。
【13题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：通过努力，他在过去两年里带领他的团队在全国锦标赛中取得了胜利。lead(带领)是谓语动词，与主语he之间是主动关系，结合时间状语“ver the past tw years”可知，描述从过去持续到现在的情况，用现在完成时态，主语he是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has led。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Scientists have made a tiny battery as thin as a human hair. Because it’s s small, it culd help tiny rbts enter the bdy ___14___ (deliver) medicine. Previusly these rbts needed sunlight t wrk, which limited ___15___ they culd g. This new battery lets them wrk ___16___ needing external pwer. Currently, these batteries ___17___ (attach) t the rbts by wires, but in the future, scientists hpe t build the batteries int the rbts.
【答案】14. t deliver
15. where 16. withut
17. are attached
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们发明了一种像头发一样细的微型电池，它可以帮助微型机器人进入人体输送药物，且不需要外部力量就能工作。
【14题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：因为它很小，所以可以帮助微型机器人进入人体输送药物。空格处表示目，用不定式形式作目的状语。故填t deliver。
15题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：以前这些机器人需要阳光才能工作，这限制了它们能去那里。“ they culd g”是宾语从句，结合句意，表示“去那里”，用连接副词where引导从句，并在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
【16题详解】
考查介词。句意：这种新电池使它们不需要外部电源就能工作。根据句意，表示“不需要”外部电源，用介词withut构成否定，其意为“不使用，不借助”。故填withut。
【17题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：目前，这些电池通过电线连接到机器人上，但未来，科学家们希望将电池内置到机器人中。attach(连接)是谓语动词，与主语these batteries之间构成被动关系，描述客观事实用一般现在时的被动语态，主语batteries是复数名词，谓语用复数。故填are attached。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Self-checkut machines are meant t prvide custmers with a faster and ___18___ (smth) shpping experience and eliminate lng lines at the register. Many peple prefer t scan and bag their wn ___19___ (item) and zip thrugh the transactin with great ease. At the same time, hwever, many custmers cmplain that self-checkut causes mre prblems than it slves. The machines can freeze up r scan ___20___ (crrect) fr example. That slws things dwn and defeats the whle purpse.
【答案】18. smther
19. items 20. incrrectly
【解析】
【导语】本文的体裁是说明文，主要讨论了自助结账机的优点和缺点。
【18题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：自助结账机旨在为顾客提供更快和更流畅的购物体验，并消除收银台前的长队。“faster”为形容词比较级，and连接并列成分，所以此处要用smth的比较级smther来修饰“shpping experience”，表示自助结账机旨在提供比传统方式更快速、更顺畅的购物体验，符合语境要求，故填smther。
【19题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：许多人喜欢自己扫描和打包他们的商品，并快速完成交易。“their”表示复数概念，指代人们的，item是可数名词，所以要用复数形式 items，意味着人们可以扫描并打包自己的多件物品，故填items。
【20题详解】
考查副词。句意：例如，机器可能会冻结或扫描不正确。此处修饰动词scan，需用副词形式。根据上文“many custmers cmplain that self-checkut causes mre prblems than it slves (许多顾客抱怨自助结账带来的问题比它解决的问题还多)”可知此处说的是自助结账的不利之处，可推理出这里是说机器扫描不正确，表示“不正确地”含义的副词为incrrectly，故填incrrectly。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
We are pleased t annunce the launch f the “2025 Yuth Pht Challenge fr Disaster Risk Reductin ”. Yung and amateur phtgraphers are invited t participate by sharing their best phts. The tp 10 selected phts will be exhibited and featured in UN cmmunicatin materials, which will fster a greater understanding and appreciatin f resilience in the face f climate emergency, and t increase the vices f yuth glbally.
Theme
The theme centers n the impact f heat waves, wildfires, and flds. In particular, we encurage participants t:
Recrd slutins, preventin measures, and mechanisms adpted by individuals, lcal cmmunities, and natinal authrities t tackle these climate challenges.
Reflect innvatin and adaptatin in the face f adversity.
Evaluatin criteria
Phts will be evaluated based n fur criteria:
Relevance t theme: This criterin assesses hw effectively the phtgraph captures the impact f heat waves wildfires, and flds, as well as the respnse mechanisms emplyed t address these challenges.
Impact and strytelling: This criterin evaluates the emtinal strength f the phtgraph. Special cnsideratin will be given t phts that successfully tell stries f resilience and empwerment.
Creativity and riginality: This criterin fcuses n the uniqueness f the perspective and the innvative reflectin f the themes.
Technical quality: This criterin examines the technical aspects f the phtgraph, including cmpsitin and verall visual appeal.
Submissin guidelines
Submissin deadline: 15 September 2025
Annuncement f selected phts: The tp 10 phts will be annunced n 13 Octber 2025, the Internatinal Day fr Disaster Risk Reductin.
Entries shuld be emailed t undrr-reca@un.rg with the subject line “Summer 2025 Pht Challenge Submissin”.
Each submissin must include: the phtgrapher’s full name and age; lcatin f the pht and date; and brief descriptin (50-100 wrds) explaining the pht’s cntext and relevance t the theme.
Participants must cnfirm the riginality f their wrk and ensure they have btained all necessary permissins fr any identifiable individuals in the phts.
21. What d we knw abut the Pht Challenge?
A. It will display the best phtgraphs.B. It mainly fcuses n cmmunity effrts.
C. It is pen t prfessinal phtgraphers.D. It aims t wrk ut slutins t disasters.
22. An entry is likely t be chsen if it ___________.
A. reflects internatinal relief effrtsB. demnstrates the ptimism f yuth
C. shws the appeal f advanced technlgyD. presents riginal viewpints n climate crisis
23. What is ne f the requirements fr submissin?
A. Attaching a brief intrductin.B. Sending the entry by 13 Octber.
C. Cmpleting an applicatin frm.D. Getting permissin frm the cmmunity.
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2025年减灾防灾青年摄影挑战赛的相关信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“The tp 10 selected phts will be exhibited and featured in UN cmmunicatin materials,(前十名精选照片将被展出并收录于联合国的宣传材料中)”可知，这个摄影挑战将会展示最好的照片。故选A。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Evaluatin criteria部分中的第三个星号内容“Creativity and riginality: This criterin fcuses n the uniqueness f the perspective and the innvative reflectin f the themes.(创造性和原创性：此标准侧重于视角的独特性和对主题的创新性反映)”可知，如果参赛作品在气候危机上提出了原创的观点，那么它很可能被选中。故选D。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Submissin guidelines部分中第四个星号内容的“Each submissin must include: the phtgrapher’s full name and age; lcatin f the pht and date; and brief descriptin (50-100 wrds) explaining the pht’ s cntext and relevance t the theme.(每份提交材料必须包括：摄影师的全名和年龄；照片的拍摄地点和日期；以及简短描述（50-100字）解释照片的背景和与主题的关联性)”可知，提交指南中要求每份作品附有简要说明。故选A。
B
Tw years ag, fueled by my envy fr thse with gardens, I signed up fr a plt, a place where I culd read and write in the sun, safe frm distractins. A few mnths ag, I was presented a half-plt f available land. The plt, which was bigger than I culd dream f, was beautiful but vergrwn — getting it started wuld require hard wrk. I wasn’t sure I had it in me.
Fast frward t nw. After seeking guidance frm my family and watching beginners’ gardening vides, I spend hurs a week swing, weeding, watering and harvesting. My summer at the plt has s far ffered cuntless lessns, but the mst imprtant ne has been learning mre abut hw fd actually grws. Take the humble cauliflwer — a cmmn sight in the supermarket, yet it demands patient tending fr up t six mnths, all fr a shrt mment n the plate. Seasnality has als taken n a new meaning. I knew that all fresh fd has its “seasn” but it was nly when I was verwhelmed by an endless supply f curgettes that I really understd I culd be eating them fr mnths.
Yet abundant harvests cme with a lessn in impermanence. Fresh prduce ges ff quickly nce ripened and picked. And s I’ve turned t the ld craft f preservatin — learning what t bil and freeze, r make int jam — t make things last. When the harvest has been mre than I can manage, I’ve shared the abundance with friends and family, spreading the jy.
While gardening is a welcme escape frm the chas f the mdern wrld, yu can’t avid the reality f the climate crisis. It’s ne thing t read these in the news r see them reflected in prices, but it’s quite anther when yu have t be in tune with weather patterns, praying fr prlnged sunshine withut the unbearable heat.
As I cntinue t tend my plt, I d s with a sense f humility, wnder and excitement. What started as a desire fr a small patch f green has grwn int smething much mre significant — a cnnectin t my lcal envirnment, a respect fr the fd I eat and an awareness f the fragile natural systems that sustain us. In the beginning, I was wrried I wuld fail the plt; instead, I’m finding myself grwing alngside it.
24. Hw did the authr feel when getting the plt?
A. Prud but anxius.B. Grateful but puzzled.
C. Amazed but wrried.D. Mved but disappinted.
25. While wrking n the plt, the authr learned t __________.
A. remve chas frm lifeB. create seasnal recipes
C. identify cmmn plantsD. respect laws f nature
26. What des the authr’s experience tell us?
A. Labr is the mst reliable wealth.B. Every seasn brings its wn lessns.
C. The land is made better and s is the gardener.D. One shuld stay hungry fr cnstant prgress.
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者与花园结缘的经历，以及这段经历给作者带来的感悟和成长。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“The plt, which was bigger than I culd dream f, was beautiful but vergrwn — getting it started wuld require hard wrk. I wasn’t sure I had it in me.(这块地比我想象的要大，很美，但杂草丛生——要开始耕种需要付出艰苦的努力。我不确定自己是否有这个能力)”可知，作者发现这块地比想象的要大，很美，他感到惊讶(amazed)，但它杂草丛生，需要付出艰苦的努力，所以又担心(wrried)自己无法胜任。故选C项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“My summer at the plt has s far ffered cuntless lessns, but the mst imprtant ne has been learning mre abut hw fd actually grws.(我在这块地上的夏天到目前为止给我带来了无数的教训，但最重要的一个是更多地了解了食物是如何生长的)”和最后一段中“What started as a desire fr a small patch f green has grwn int smething much mre significant — a cnnectin t my lcal envirnment, a respect fr the fd I eat and an awareness f the fragile natural systems that sustain us.(起初只是想要一小块绿地，现在已经变成了更重要的事情 —— 与我当地的环境建立联系，尊重我所吃的食物，意识到维持我们生存的脆弱的自然系统)”可知，在耕种这块地的过程中，作者了解了食物是如何生长，学会尊重食物，意识到维持我们生存的脆弱自然系统，即学会了尊重自然规律。故选D项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“What started as a desire fr a small patch f green has grwn int smething much mre significant — a cnnectin t my lcal envirnment, a respect fr the fd I eat and an awareness f the fragile natural systems that sustain us. In the beginning, I was wrried I wuld fail the plt; instead, I’m finding myself grwing alngside it.(最初只是对一小块绿地的渴望，现在已经发展成为更有意义的东西——与我所在地的环境的联系，对我所吃的食物的尊重，以及对维持我们的脆弱自然系统的认识。一开始，我担心自己会失败；相反，我发现自己也在和它一起成长)”可知，作者的经历告诉我们，土地变得更好，园丁也是如此，即人与土地是相互促进，共同成长的。故选C项。
C
In 1993, a ship sailed int the Pacific Ocean carrying nearly 1,000 punds f irn, then dumped it all int the waves. The next mrning, the water turned a little greenish due t newly emerged phytplanktn (浮游生物). The micrrganisms, which need irn t grw, draw CO₂ ut f the air.
Fertilizing the cean with irn is a frm f geengineering, a set f technlgies fascinating fr their ptential t meaningfully impact Earth’s systems, and cntrversial fr the same reasn. As the planet heats, geengineering is emplyed t manipulate (控制) it in nvel ways, whether researchers mist the skies with sea salt t increase hw much sunlight cluds reflect r invent machines t suck greenhuse gases ut f the atmsphere. Engineering hme-grwn planktn sunds like a less dramatic apprach. But the field is s new that scientists dn’t yet knw whether geengineering with micrrganisms wuld really be a gentler frm f climate interventin. Micrbes, after all, play enrmusly cnsequential rles in the wrld arund us and within us. Fr the best chance f keeping Earth liveable, scientists need t understand exactly hw the micrscpic creatures might be useful, and perhaps even preferable t the mre sci-fi appraches t cling ff the wrld.
One favred apprach centers n methane, a greenhuse gas accunting fr 30% f the rise in glbal temperature. Mary Lidstrm, a prfessr, is wrking n genetically mdifying bacteria that naturally cnsume methane, s that the micrbes pull even mre gas frm the air. The bacteria wuld live inside facilities knwn as bireactrs. They culd be psitined near knwn methane surces — landfills and wetlands — t minimize the amunt f methane that makes it int the air.
Scaling up any kind f climate engineering is tricky. Significantly slwing warming caused by methane wuld require abut 300,000 bireactrs t be active fr 20 years. And the dwnstream effects are difficult t predict, let alne cntain. Fr example, the irn put int the Pacific Ocean culd have cnsequences fr ther regins f the wrld’s seas.
Als, there’s nearly as much uncertainty abut intended effects. Scientists dn’t knw fr sure hw effective these cncepts will prve t be. The 1993 ship expeditins, fr example, didn’t stick arund very lng; the jurneys were expensive, and scientists culdn’t remain at sea t determine what exactly was happening in the depths. Carbn stlen ut f the atmsphere shuld remain buried fr at least a century fr maximum impact Yet it’s entirely pssible that if the phytplanktn desn’t sink t deep enugh waters, it just gets eaten by the rganisms in the surface cean, and that CO₂ just returns t the atmsphere.
The htter the planet gets, the mre attractive geengineering will likely seem. Shrt f large-scale behaviral changes glbally, we d seem t be cmmitting urselves t an engineered slutin n ur current rutes. We might have t decide, sner than we think, which levers we need t pull, large r small.
27. What can we learn abut geengineering?
A. Ocean irn-fertilizatin is n the hrizn.B. Sunlight-reflectin methd is cst-effective.
C. Methane-eating bacteria are being imprved.D. Gas-sucking machine is a theretical cncept.
28. What can we infer frm Paragraph 4 abut the geengineering appraches?
A. Their impact n the ecsystem is verlked.B. Their implicatins are hard t anticipate.
C. They call fr decades f preparatin.D. They are mnitred cntinuusly.
29. The irn-fertilizatin experiment may achieve its intended effects if __________.
A. the target micrbes surviveB. carbn is stred separately
C. the phytplanktn grws fasterD. mre deep-sea rganisms are tested
30. What might be the best title fr the passage?
A. Hw Will Geengineering Better Earth’s Systems?
B. Hw t Cl the Wrld Withut Blcking the Sun?
C. Hw t Steal Carbn with Sci-fi Appraches?
D. Hw Can the Engineered Slutin Deliver?
【答案】27. C 28. B 29. B 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地球工程(geengineering)这一技术，包括其向海洋施铁以促进浮游生物生长吸收二氧化碳、改造细菌消耗甲烷等方法，同时也探讨了其潜在不确定性和风险。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“One favred apprach centers n methane, a greenhuse gas accunting fr 30% f the rise in glbal temperature. Mary Lidstrm, a prfessr, is wrking n genetically mdifying bacteria that naturally cnsume methane, s that the micrbes pull even mre gas frm the air. (一种受欢迎的方法是以甲烷为中心，甲烷是一种温室气体，占全球温度上升的30%。教授Mary Lidstrm正在研究如何基因改造自然消耗甲烷的细菌，以便这些微生物从空气中吸收更多的气体)”可知，关于地球工程，有科学家正在研究如何基因改造消耗甲烷的细菌，即改进食用甲烷的细菌。故选C项。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Significantly slwing warming caused by methane wuld require abut 300,000 bireactrs t be active fr 20 years. And the dwnstream effects are difficult t predict, let alne cntain. Fr example, the irn put int the Pacific Ocean culd have cnsequences fr ther regins f the wrld’s seas.(要想显著减缓甲烷引起的气候变暖，需要大约30万个生物反应器在20年内保持活跃。下游的影响很难预测，更不用说控制了。例如，进入太平洋的铁可能会对世界海洋的其他地区产生影响)”可推知，地球工程方法可能带来其它后果，其影响很难预测。故选B项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“Carbn stlen ut f the atmsphere shuld remain buried fr at least a century fr maximum impact Yet it’s entirely pssible that if the phytplanktn desn’t sink t deep enugh waters, it just gets eaten by the rganisms in the surface cean, and that CO₂ just returns t the atmsphere. (从大气中窃取的碳应该被埋藏至少一个世纪才能产生最大影响。然而，如果浮游植物没有下沉到足够深的水域，它很可能会被表层海洋中的生物吃掉，而二氧化碳则会重新回到大气中)”可推知，如果碳被单独储存起来，即不被表层海洋中的生物吃掉而回到大气中，那么向海洋施铁以促进浮游生物生长的实验就可能达到其预期效果。故选B项。
【30题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Fertilizing the cean with irn is a frm f geengineering, a set f technlgies fascinating fr their ptential t meaningfully impact Earth’s systems, and cntrversial fr the same reasn. (向海洋施铁是一种地球工程，这是一套因其有可能对地球系统产生有意义的影响而令人着迷的技术，也因此而引发争议)”可知，文章主要介绍了地球工程这一技术，包括向海洋施铁以促进浮游生物生长吸收二氧化碳、改造细菌消耗甲烷等方法，同时也探讨了其潜在的不确定性和风险。故A选项“Hw Will Geengineering Better Earth’s Systems?(地球工程将如何改善地球系统？)”是文章内容的概括，最适合作文章标题。故选A项。
D
The age f artificial intelligence has begun, and it brings plenty f anxieties. Almst all f the cnversatins abut risk have t d with the ptential cnsequences f AI systems pursuing gals that depart frm what they were prgrammed t d and that are nt in the interests f humans. But this is nly ne side f the danger. Imagine what culd unfld if AI des d what humans want.
“What humans want,” f curse, isn’t a mnlith. Different peple have cuntless ideas f what cnstitutes “the greater gd.” Even if we culd get everyne t fcus n the well-being f the entire human species, it’s unlikely we’d be able t agree n what that might lk like.
That seems t be the reasn that DeepMind recently funded an internal rganizatin fcused n AI safety and preventing its manipulatin by bad actrs. But it’s nt ideal that what’s “bad” is ging t be determined by a handful f individuals at this ne particular crpratin — cmplete with their blind spts and persnal and cultural biases (偏见). The ptential prblem ges beynd humans harming ther humans. What’s “gd” fr humanity has, many times thrughut histry, cme at the expense f ther sentient (有知觉力的) beings. Such is the situatin tday.
In the US alne, we have billins f animals kept in cnfinement, subjected t cruel treatment, and denial f their basic psychlgical and physilgical needs at any given time. Entire species are dminated and systemically butchered s that we can have melets, burgers and shes.
If AI des exactly what “we” want it t, that wuld likely mean enacting this mass cruelty mre efficiently, at an even greater scale and with mre autmatin and fewer pprtunities fr sympathetic humans t step in and flag anything particularly hrrifying.
A better gal than aligning AI with humanity’ s immediate interests wuld be what I wuld call “sentient alignment” — AI acting in accrdance with the interests f all sentient beings, including humans, all ther animals and, shuld it exist, sentient AI. This will strike sme as aggressive, because what’s gd fr all sentient life might nt always agree with what’s gd fr humankind. It might smetimes, even ften, be in ppsitin t what humans want r what wuld be best fr the greatest number f us.
Peter Singer, a philspher, argued that an AI system’s ultimate gals and pririties are mre imprtant than it being aligned with humans. “The questin is really whether this super intelligent AI is ging t be benevlent and want t prduce a better wrld,” Singer said, “and even if we dn’t cntrl it, it still will prduce a better wrld in which ur interests will get taken int accunt.”
I’m with Singer n this. Decentering humankind t any extent, and especially t this extreme, is an idea that will challenge peple. But that’s necessary if we’re t prevent ur current belief frm spreading in new and awful ways.
31. The authr mentins the rganizatin funded by DeepMind t __________.
A. questin a slutinB. clarify a belief
C. illustrate an exampleD. explain a practice
32. Which f the fllwing can best present the idea f “sentient alignment”?
A. AI extends the same rights t living beings.B. AI prmtes the interactin amng species.
C. AI benefits frm the develpment f humans.D. AI meets the demands f perceptive creatures.
33. What des the underlined wrd “benevlent” in Paragraph 7 prbably mean?
A. Ambitius.B. Generus.C. Resurceful.D. Cmpetitive.
34. The authr’s majr cncern in develping AI is that __________.
A. AI pses a threat t the wrldB. sciety’s mrals are in decline
C. humans priritize their wn needsD. sentient beings deepen cultural biases
【答案】31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能(AI)的发展以及人类应如何设定AI的终极目标和优先级，提出了“有知觉力的协调”这一概念，即AI应符合所有有知觉力生物的利益，而不仅仅是人类的利益。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“That seems t be the reasn that DeepMind recently funded an internal rganizatin fcused n AI safety and preventing its manipulatin by bad actrs. But it’s nt ideal that what’s ‘bad’ is ging t be determined by a handful f individuals at this ne particular crpratin — cmplete with their blind spts and persnal and cultural biases (偏见). (这似乎就是DeepMind最近成立一个内部组织的原因，该组织专注于AI安全，并防止其被不良行为者操纵。但由这家特定公司的少数几个人来决定什么是“坏”的并不理想——他们也有自己的盲点以及个人和文化偏见)”可知，作者提到DeepMind成立的组织，是为了质疑这种由少数人决定AI“好坏”的解决方案。故选A项。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段中“A better gal than aligning AI with humanity’ s immediate interests wuld be what I wuld call ‘sentient alignment’ — AI acting in accrdance with the interests f all sentient beings, including humans, all ther animals and, shuld it exist, sentient AI. (一个比将AI与人类眼前利益相一致更好的目标是我所称的“有知觉力的协调”——即AI的行为符合所有有知觉力生物的利益，包括人类、所有其他动物，以及如果存在的话，有知觉力的AI)”可知，“有知觉力的协调”指的是AI应满足所有有知觉力生物的需求。故选D项。
【33题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“and want t prduce a better wrld(并想要创造一个更好的世界)”可推知，“仁慈的，善良的”人工智能才会想要创造一个更好的世界，划线词benevlent与generus意思相近，意为“宽宏大量的，仁慈的”。故选B项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其结合最后一段中“Decentering humankind t any extent, and especially t this extreme, is an idea that will challenge peple. But that’s necessary if we’re t prevent ur current belief frm spreading in new and awful ways. (在任何程度上，尤其是极端程度上，将人类置于中心之外，都是一个将挑战人们的想法。但如果我们想要阻止我们当前的信念以新的、可怕的方式传播，这是必要的)”可知，文章指出人们关注人工智能按自身目标行事的风险，阐述了若人工智能按人类意愿可能带来大规模残忍情况，进而提出要考虑所有有知觉力生物利益的 “有知觉力的协调” 概念，都在强调不能只关注人类自身需求，要避免人类只优先考虑自己需求而忽视其他有知觉力生物的情况，即担心的是人类在发展AI时过于优先考虑自己的需求，而忽视了其他有知觉力生物的利益。故选C项。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
While cmpliments (赞扬) may seem simple, they can have a large impact n yu and the peple arund yu, creating a ripple f psitivity. Hwever, giving cmpliments requires skills and knwledge.
Mst cmpliments in ur culture fllw a very predictable pattern. ___35___ Abut tw-thirds f cmpliments in the US are made using just five adjectives: nice, gd, beautiful, pretty, and great. In additin, abut 80% f cmpliments fllw three frmats. S if I liked a bk yu wrte and wanted t say smething psitive abut it, my cmpliment wuld prbably fllw ne f these basic patterns: “Yur bk is great,” “I lve yur bk,” r “That is a terrific bk.”
___36___ . Fr example, in 2011 a schlar shwed that wmen in unstructured settings bth give and receive far mre cmpliments than men. Abut three-quarters f wmen’s cmpliments t ther wmen in an unstructured, infrmal setting invlve appearance. In a gal-riented, frmal setting, 68% f praise statements are abut perfrmance. ___37___
Whether the cmpliment is effective depends n whether it is believable, apprpriate, and unqualified. ___38___ If yu tell me my hair lks gd, I will dismiss it and suspect yur mtives, because I have little hair. Mre generally, peple with lw self-esteem dn’t usually receive cmpliments well. As researchers have shwn, in peple with high self-esteem, a cmpliment stimulates parts f the brain respnsible fr self-referential thinking. This ccurs significantly less fr peple wh have lw self-esteem.
Even if a cmpliment agrees with ne’s self-cnceptin, schlars cncluded, it must meet three criteria t be accepted by its bject. ___39___ It must be sincere. And it must ccur in the apprpriate cntext.
A. It must fllw the basic patterns.
B. The praise must cme frm a persn with credibility t give it.
C. What we chse t cmpliment depends n gender differences.
D. A gd cmpliment must nt cnflict with its recipient’s self-cnceptin.
E. If peple have negative view f a persn, they wuld resist his cmpliments.
F. In cntrast, men are mre likely t cmpliment ne anther n perfrmance in all settings.
G. They are generally directed tward anther persn’s appearance, perfrmance, r pssessins.
【答案】35. G 36. C 37. F 38. D 39. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了赞美虽然看似简单，但对人和周围的人都有很大的影响，能激起一连串积极的反应，同时指出赞美也需要技巧和知识。
【35题详解】
上文“Mst cmpliments in ur culture fllw a very predictable pattern.(在我们文化中，大多数的赞美都遵循一种非常可预测的模式)”说明大多数赞美都有固定模式。G选项“They are generally directed tward anther persn’s appearance, perfrmance, r pssessins.(它们通常针对另一个人的外表、表现或财产)”承接上文，具体说明这种固定模式是什么，即“针对另一个人的外表、表现或财产”进行赞美。故选G项。
【36题详解】
下文“Fr example, in 2011 a schlar shwed that wmen in unstructured settings bth give and receive far mre cmpliments than men.(例如，2011年，一位学者发现，在非结构化的环境中，女性给予和接受的赞美远比男性多)”通过举例说明了男性和女性在给予和接受赞美上的差异。C选项“What we chse t cmpliment depends n gender differences.(我们选择赞美什么取决于性别差异)”引出下文，说明选择赞美的内容与性别差异有关。故选C项。
【37题详解】
上文“Abut three-quarters f wmen’s cmpliments t ther wmen in an unstructured, infrmal setting invlve appearance. In a gal-riented, frmal setting, 68% f praise statements are abut perfrmance.(在非结构化、非正式的环境中，女性对其他女性的赞美中，约有四分之三与外表有关。在目标导向的正式场合中，68%的赞美陈述是关于表现的)”分别说明了女性在不同场合下赞美的内容倾向。F选项“In cntrast, men are mre likely t cmpliment ne anther n perfrmance in all settings.(相比之下，男性在所有场合下都更有可能对彼此的表现表示赞美)”与上文形成对比，说明了男性在赞美内容上的倾向。故选F项。
【38题详解】
下文“If yu tell me my hair lks gd, I will dismiss it and suspect yur mtives, because I have little hair.(如果你告诉我我头发看起来很好，我会不屑一顾，并怀疑你的动机，因为我头发很少)”通过举例说明了赞美需要与被赞美者的自我认知相符，否则会被怀疑动机。D选项“A gd cmpliment must nt cnflict with its recipient’s self-cnceptin.(一个好的赞美必须不与其接受者的自我认知相冲突)”引出下文，说明了有效赞美的一个重要条件是必须与被赞美者的自我认知相符。故选D项。
【39题详解】
上文“Even if a cmpliment agrees with ne’s self-cnceptin, schlars cncluded, it must meet three criteria t be accepted by its bject.(学者们得出结论，即使赞美与一个人的自我认知相符，它也必须满足三个标准才能被其对象所接受)”说明了一个好的赞美需要满足三个标准。下文“It must be sincere. And it must ccur in the apprpriate cntext.(它必须是真诚的。而且它必须在适当的情境下发生)”列出了其中的两个标准。B选项“The praise must cme frm a persn with credibility t give it.(赞美必须来自一个有可信度的人)”承上启下，列出了满足条件的第三个标准，即赞美必须来自一个有可信度的人。故选B项。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节 (共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
My grandfather was a neursurgen and sculptr. When I was yung, I remember him trying t teach me t shape the unwieldy clay he used in his wrk. But I didn’t have the patience fr the firm clay and quickly gave up.
Nw, as a clinical psychlgist, I see s many peple wh dn’t have the ability t wait, and it is n wnder. In a wrld where it is pssible t get the answer t any questin instantly, why shuld any f us have t deal with delays and unknwns?
Hwever, learning hw t wait is gd fr us. Since missing my priceless pprtunity t learn’ t sculpt, I’ve cme t appreciate that psychlgical flexibility — being pen t and able t tlerate the uncmfrtable thughts and feelings that ften arise when we face delays and setbacks — is an essential quality when it cmes t mental health.
Fr many f us, the challenge is that being patient nw feels harder than ever befre. “We’ re nt getting the same pprtunities t practice waiting as we used t,” says Michel Dugas, a prfessr.
Waiting patiently is s difficult that we ften react by ding things that actually make us mre impatient, like cnstantly checking ur phnes fr updates r seeking reassurance frm everyne we knw.. “Technlgy creates the false belief that certainty is pssible, which leads t trying t attain certainty in all situatins, cntributing t wrry and anxiety,” says Dugas.
But it is pssible t develp patience — the ability t regulate yur emtins in the face f delays, frustratin, adversity and suffering.
In my wn experience, I’ve fund that slwing my breathing, lsening my grip and relaxing my face can help cunter impatience — fr instance, when I’m sitting in traffic. When it cmes t mre significant setbacks, I remind myself f Salzberg, a writer.
“There are s many times in my life where I think nthing’s happening fr me,” says Salzberg. “Then I lk back and say, ’Oh hw abut that, I was actually planting a seed that I culdn’t have guessed.’ S smetimes I just remind myself that even if I dn’t knw what it is right nw, there is a bigger picture.”
40. Why des the authr think peple dn’t have the ability t wait?
_____________________________________________________________
41. What has the authr cme t realize since missing his chance t learn t sculpt?
_____________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Technlgy makes peple mre impatient because it enables them t attain certainty in all situatins.
_____________________________________________________________
43. Hw d yu vercme impatience in life? (In abut 40 wrds)
_____________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Because in a wrld where answers are instantly available, peple are nt used t dealing with delays and unknwns.
41. The authr has cme t realize that psychlgical flexibility is an essential quality fr mental health.
42. Technlgy makes peple mre impatient because it enables them t attain certainty in all situatins.
Because technlgy desn’t enable peple t attain certainty in all situatins. Instead, it creates a false belief f certainty, leading t wrry and anxiety.
43. T vercme impatience in life, cultivate psychlgical flexibility, regulate emtins by slwing breathing and relaxing, and remind neself f the brader perspective, recgnizing that even in uncertainties, ne is planting seeds fr future grwth.
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了等待的重要性及如何培养耐心面对延迟和挫折。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。由文章第二段“Nw, as a clinical psychlgist, I see s many peple wh dn’t have the ability t wait, and it is n wnder. In a wrld where it is pssible t get the answer t any questin instantly, why shuld any f us have t deal with delays and unknwns? (现在，作为一名临床心理学家，我看到很多人没有等待的能力，这并不奇怪。在一个任何问题都可以立即得到答案的世界里，我们为什么要面对延迟和未知呢？)”可知，因为在一个答案即时可用的世界里，人们不习惯处理延误和未知。故答案为：Because in a wrld where answers are instantly available, peple are nt used t dealing with delays and unknwns.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。由文章第三段中“Since missing my priceless pprtunity t learn’ t sculpt, I’ve cme t appreciate that psychlgical flexibility — being pen t and able t tlerate the uncmfrtable thughts and feelings that ften arise when we face delays and setbacks — is an essential quality when it cmes t mental health. (自从错过了学习雕刻的宝贵机会后，我开始意识到心理灵活性——对我们面临延误和挫折时经常出现的不舒服的想法和感受持开放态度并能够容忍——是心理健康的一种基本品质。)”可知，自从错过了学习雕塑的宝贵机会后，作者逐渐意识到心理灵活性是心理健康的重要品质。故答案为：The authr has cme t realize that psychlgical flexibility is an essential quality fr mental health.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据文章第五段中““Technlgy creates the false belief that certainty is pssible, which leads t trying t attain certainty in all situatins, cntributing t wrry and anxiety,” says Dugas. (Dugas说：“技术创造了一种错误的信念，即确定性是可能的，这导致人们试图在所有情况下都获得确定性，从而加剧了担忧和焦虑。”。)”可知，技术创造了确定性可能的错误信念，这导致人们试图在所有情况下都获得确定性，从而加剧了担忧和焦虑。技术并不能使人们在所有情况下都获得确定性。因此，应划线下划线的部分为it enables them t attain certainty in all situatins。故答案为：Technlgy makes peple mre impatient because it enables them t attain certainty in all situatins. Because technlgy desn’t enable peple t attain certainty in all situatins. Instead, it creates a false belief f certainty, leading t wrry and anxiety.
【43题详解】
开放性题目，此题要求回答：你如何克服生活中的急躁情绪？（约40字）答案不唯一，合理即可。例如：克服生活中的急躁，培养心理灵活性，通过放慢呼吸和放松来调节情绪，并提醒自己，即使在不确定的情况下，也要为未来的成长播下种子。故答案为：T vercme impatience in life, cultivate psychlgical flexibility, regulate emtins by slwing breathing and relaxing, and remind neself f the brader perspective, recgnizing that even in uncertainties, ne is planting seeds fr future grwth.
第二节 (20分)
44. 假设你是红星中学学生李华。你所在的“科学社”近期要开展一次跨学科综合实践活动。请你用英语给在你校国际部学习的好友Jim写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.活动内容；
2.发出邀请。
提示词： 跨学科综合实践活动 interdisciplinary learning activity
注意：1.词数 100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I hpe this email finds yu well. Our “Science Club” is abut t embark n an exciting interdisciplinary learning activity, and I can’t wait t share the details with yu.
The activity aims t explre the cnnectins between science, technlgy, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) thrugh a series f hands-n prjects and presentatins. We’ll be wrking in teams t slve real-wrld prblems, fstering creativity and cllabratin acrss different disciplines.
I knw yu have a keen interest in these fields and wuld be a valuable additin t ur team. Wuld yu like t jin us? It’s a great pprtunity t braden yur hrizns and make new friends.
Please let me knw if yu’re interested. I’m lking frward t hearing frm yu sn!
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于邀请信。要求考生以红星中学学生李华的身份，给在校国际部学习的好友Jim写一封邮件，邀请他参加“科学社”即将开展的跨学科综合实践活动。
【详解】1.词汇积累
跨学科：interdisciplinary → crss-disciplinary
解决：slve → settle
培养：fster → cultivate
机会：pprtunity → chance
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：We’ll be wrking in teams t slve real-wrld prblems, fstering creativity and cllabratin acrss different disciplines.
拓展句：We’ll be wrking in teams t slve real-wrld prblems, which will fster creativity and cllabratin acrss different disciplines.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I hpe this email finds yu well.(运用了省略连词that的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] I knw yu have a keen interest in these fields and wuld be a valuable additin t ur team.(运用了省略连词that的宾语从句)
[高分句型3] Please let me knw if yu’re interested.(运用了if引导条件状语从句)