湖南省百师联盟2024-2025学年高一上学期期末检测英语试卷（Word版附解析）

这是一份湖南省百师联盟2024-2025学年高一上学期期末检测英语试卷（Word版附解析），文件包含湖南百师联盟2024-2025学年高一上学期期末检测英语试卷Word版含解析docx、湖南百师联盟2024-2025学年高一上学期期末检测英语试卷Word无答案docx、湖南百师联盟2024-2025学年高一上学期期末检测英语听力mp4等3份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共29页， 欢迎下载使用。
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考场号、座位号、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
考试时间120分钟，满分150分
第一部分 听力 （共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What did the wman d last night?
A. She drank sme cffee.B. She wrte a paper.C. She prepared fr a test.
【答案】B
【解析】
【原文】M: Hw abut jining me fr a cup f cffee?
W: I’d lve t, but I’m s tired. I was up till 2: 00 this mrning, writing a paper fr my literature class.
2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
When will the man meet his parents?
A. At abut 8:00 am.B. At abut 9:00 am.C. At abut 10:00 am.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: When are yu leaving tmrrw? Yu lk s excited.
M: Just imagine! I’ll take the early flight at eight in the mrning and see my parents in just tw hurs.
3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
Why didn’t the man see the wman at breakfast?
A. She went fr a lng walk.
B. She finished her breakfast early.
C. She didn’t g t the dining hall.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: Hi, Linda. I didn’t see yu at the dining hall. Didn’t yu have breakfast?
W: Well, I wke up early this mrning s that I culd g fr a lng walk. I was the last persn t cme ut f the dining hall.
4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What des the wman think abut the building?
A. It’s nice inside.B. It’s unusual utside.C. It hlds n attractin fr her.
【答案】C
【解析】
【原文】W: What’s that building ver there?
M: That’s the new art museum. It’s nt particularly attractive frm the utside but it’s very nice inside. Quite an unusual building, isn’t it?
W: I’m afraid I dn’t think much f it. I’m nt a big fan f mdern architecture.
5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers talking abut?
A. A reprt.B. A researcher.C. A department.
【答案】A
【解析】
【原文】M: Have yu read the research reprt?
W: Yes, but it wasn’t well-written. I sent it back t the department with sme suggestins.
M: Gd. I culdn’t understand it either but I thught it was just me!
第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，
各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
6. What des the man d?
A. He is a phtgrapher.B. He is a designer.C. He is a painter.
7. What’s the prbable relatinship between the speakers?
A. Clleagues.B. Strangers.C. Classmates.
【答案】6. A 7. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Hi, Bb! Hw are yu recently?
M: Olivia, is that yu? We haven’t seen each ther fr ten years!
W: Exactly, since ur graduatin. Are yu still taking pictures?
M: Yes. I’m wrking as a phtgrapher nw. What abut yu? I remember yu did well in art class. I guess yu are a famus painter nw.
W: Actually, I design things n cmputer. But I still like t paint at weekends.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
8. What is the wman ding?
A. Giving advice.B. Preparing dinner.C. Making cffee.
9. What will the man d this afternn?
A. Meet a friend.B. Have an interview.C. G shpping.
【答案】8. A 9. B
【解析】
【原文】W: D yu knw what time yu will be back this evening, hney?
M: I’m nt sure. It depends n what questins they are ging t ask me.
W: Relax. Every ne has its first time. Dn’t get yurself t wrried.
M: OK, I gt it! But is there any better advice?
W: Have sme bread and cffee. It will make yu much better. And what time is yur interview?
M: 2: 30.
W: Dn’t get there t early, r yu’ll have t hang arund.
M: OK. Thanks.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
10. When did the wman get the handbag?
A. Last week.B. Last mnth.C. Last year.
11. Why did the wman’s brther leave early?
A. T catch a train.B. T write a paper.C. T lk fr a new jb.
12. What des the wman suggest the man d?
A. Buy a magazine.B. Read in the library.C. Turn t a jurnalist.
【答案】10. B 11. A 12. B
【解析】
【原文】M: Hell, Susan. Yu lk s pretty with that handbag.
W: Thank yu. It’s a present frm my brther. He came here t attend my birthday party last mnth.
M: Really? But I didn’t see him at the party.
W: He left early t catch the train back t Detrit.
M: What a pity! It’s a year since he went fr his new jb as a jurnalist.
W: By the way, have yu finished yur paper n engineering?
M: Nt yet. There’s just ne week left. And I dn’t knw what t write. Maybe I need t buy Engineering Weekly. The magazine has a lt f useful infrmatin.
W: Why nt read it in the library? It can save sme mney.
M: That’s a gd idea! Thanks.
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
13. Hw des Lisa feel abut Jsh’s invitatin at first?
A. Excited.B. Wrried.C. Uninterested.
14. What time des the cncert end?
A. At 8:00 p. m.B. At 10:00 p. m.C. At 11:00 p. m.
15. What kind f music will the speakers hear in the cncert?
A. Classical music.B. Cuntry music.C. Pp music.
16. Hw will the speakers g t the cncert?
A. By subway.B. By train.C. By bus.
【答案】13. A 14. C 15. B 16. C
【解析】
【原文】W: Hey, Jsh! Did yu manage t get tickets fr Glastnbury Cncert with the rising star, Jamie Rivers?
M: Hi, Lisa, I gt tw tickets! Wuld yu like t g with me?
W: Yeah, fantastic! When des it start?
M: The cncert starts at 8: 00 p. m. and it will last fr 3 hurs. What kind f music are they playing?
W: Cuntry music. Jamie has this unique style. Yu’ll lve it!
M: I’m sure I will, althugh I’ve always liked classical music and pp music. By the way, hw d we get t the cncert?
W: We can take a train frm Lndn Paddingtn t Castle Cary. What d yu think?
M: Hw abut taking a bus t Castle Cary? It’ll prbably take lnger, but it’ll be cheaper
W: That’s true, Let me check. Yes, it’s less than half the price. OK, let’s meet at Lndn Victria Bus Statin at 5:00 a m. next Saturday. There is a bus leaving at 5:30 a. m.
M: That’s really early, but n prblem! It’s ging t be a perfect night.
W: Great! See yu n Saturday!
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】
17. What did mst peple suggest the speaker d?
A. Get t the park early.B. Watch ut fr thieves.C. Eat smething befre running.
18. Why did the speaker take the yung man by the arm?
A. T help him stand up.B. T get his mney back.C. T demand an aplgy.
19. Where was the speaker’s mney?
A. In his pcket.B. On the running track.C. In the kitchen.
20. What is the speaker mainly talking abut?
A. His funny experience.B. His brave behavir.C. His fitness plan.
【答案】17. B 18. B 19. C 20. A
【解析】
【原文】A few years ag my wife and I were living in New Yrk. Our apartment was next t Central Park, and every mrning I went fr a run befre I went t wrk. A lt f peple had tld me t be careful f thieves in the
park, s I didn’t usually take anything with me. But ne mrning my wife asked me t buy sme bread n the way hme, s I put $ 10 in my back pcket. While I was running thrugh the park, a yung man kncked int me. He aplgized and cntinued running. I thught it was a bit strange, s I checked my pcket and fund that the mney was missing. I immediately ran after the yung man and tk him by the arm. I started shuting and demanding that he give me the $ 10. I’m nt usually a ht-headed persn but I was really angry. This frightened him and he quickly put his hand in his pcket and gave me the mney. Then he ran away as fast as he culd. I bught the bread and went hme. As sn as I gt there, I began t tell my wife my stry. “Yu wn’t believe what happened t me!” I started. She immediately said, “I knw, yu left the mney fr the bread n the kitchen table.”
第二部分 阅读理解 （共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Surf Camp Overview
Take advantage f this pprtunity t surf the best waves f the Christchurch surf regin while yu receive in-depth surf caching.
The Kaikura cast will be ur target destinatin. Everything is designed fr the average surfer wh may have started later than they wuld have liked. It’s abut fun and new surfing experiences. Yu will imprve yur surfing by thery (理论) classes, land-based simulatins (模拟) vide caching and tips n mindset.
Day 1: We will meet as a grup in Christchurch arund 10 am, lad up the car with ur surfbards and equipment, and head fr Kaikura. We will get t knw each ther. I’ll define what surfing level yu are at accrding t a pretest and we’ll hpefully fit tw classes in nce at ur destinatin.
Day 2-4: Three full days f cntinuus surfing and caching. In between classes we’ll check vides and g thrugh thery lessns while calming dwn. We can als check ut lcal attractins and gd fd spts etc.
Day 5: We’ll fit in a cuple f surf classes befre heading back t Christchurch Airprt arund 2pm.
By attending the Christchurch surf camp yu will cme away with the skills and cnfidence t mve gradually in the directin f yur surfing gals. I hpe yu’ll feel a sense f pssibility that yu can learn sme new skills. Yu’ll als get:
· vide ftage (片段) frm all yur surf classes;
· dwnlads f all the material frm the thery classes;
· a relaxing psitive time with like-minded peple.
21. Wh are the camp targeted at?
A. Prfessinal athletes.B. Unskilled surfers.
C. Surf lifeguards.D. Surf caches.
22. What will campers d n Day 1?
A. Learn t chse surfbards.B. Visit lcal attractins.
C. Take a surfing test.D. Watch vide lessns.
23. What will campers get frm this camp?
A. Learning materials and skills.B. Medals and surfing equipment.
C. Tickets and additinal training.D. One-n-ne training and nline classes.
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍的是冲浪营的相关信息。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Everything is designed fr the average surfer wh may have started later than they wuld have liked.(一切都是为一般的冲浪者设计的，他们可能开始得比他们想要的晚)”可知，该营地是以不熟练的冲浪者作为目标对象的。故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“We will get t knw each ther. I’ll define what surfing level yu are at accrding t a pretest and we’ll hpefully fit tw classes in nce at ur destinatin.(我们会互相了解的。我会根据预测来确定你的冲浪水平，我们希望能在目的地安排上两节课)”可知，在第一天参与者应该会进行冲浪测试。故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据Day 5部分中“By attending the Christchurch surf camp yu will cme away with the skills and cnfidence t mve gradually in the directin f yur surfing gals. I hpe yu’ll feel a sense f pssibility that yu can learn sme new skills.(通过参加克赖斯特彻奇冲浪营，你将获得技巧和信心，并逐渐朝着您的冲浪目标前进。我希望你能感觉到你可以学到一些新技能的可能性)”以及“· vide ftage (片段) frm all yur surf classes; · dwnlads f all the material frm the thery classes;(·所有冲浪课程的视频片段；·下载理论课上的所有材料)”可知，参与者将从营中获得一些学习资料和技能。故选A。
B
Medha Gupta smetimes felt wrried making the 20-minute walk frm the crner where the schl bus drpped her ff t her hme in Herndn, Virginia-especially during the clder mnths in winter. Her mther, Divya Gupta had a suggestin: write an app. She was half-kidding, but Medha tk the challenge seriusly. S she went t wrk.
The result was Safe Travel, an app designed by Medha t help walkers feel mre secure when travelling alne. Using the iPhne, a persn can prgramme it t send a warning t smene he r she trusts if he r she fails t arrive at a destinatin within a certain time.
It was the first IOS app that Medha had created. While she didn’t think much wuld cme frm the prject, her effrt caught the eye f judges fr the annual Cngressinal App Challenge, wh selected her as the winner fr Virginia’s 10th District.
The App Challenge is designed t encurage students t cnsider careers in science, technlgy, engineering, and maths by experimenting with cding (编码) and cmputer science. Winning students are invited t attend a receptin n Capitl Hill in April and als received $ 250 in Amazn Web Service credits.
Medha said it tk her abut 40 hurs t design, prgramme and test the app. As fr her next pp, Medha’s nt certain. She temprarily (暂时) has her app-develpment tasks n hld because she’s busy teaching herself AI t help deal with wrng wrds n Facebk. Yes, she knws that they are teams f engineers pssibly ding the same thing. But she figures it can’t hurt her wn part, t.
“If we see smething wrng with the wrld, we shuld d smething abut it,” she said. “After all, the nly ne stpping us frm ding smething is urselves.”
24. What did Medha Gupta’s mther advise her t d?
A. Develp an app.B. Take a bus.C. Travel with thers.D. Walk t schl.
25. What des the underlined wrd “secure” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A. Fascinating.B. Safe.C. Trusty.D. Cheerful.
26. Hw are the students encuraged by the App Challenge t cnsider their careers?
A. By receiving praise fr their achievements.
B. By meeting famus scientists and prfessrs.
C. By experimenting with cding and cmputer science.
D. By attending lectures abut science and technlgy.
27. What message des Medha seem t express in the last paragraph?
A. Never t ld t learn.B. Practice makes perfect.
C. Always be creative in life.D. AI leads t a better future.
【答案】24. A 25. B 26. C 27. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了Medha Gupta设计开发“Safe Travel”应用并赢得挑战赛的故事，以及她对于通过技术手段解决社会问题的积极态度。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Her mther, Divya Gupta had a suggestin: write an app.(她的母亲Divya Gupta给了她一个建议：写一个应用程序。)”可知，Medha Gupta的母亲建议她开发一个应用程序。故选A。
【25题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“Using the iPhne, a persn can prgramme it t send a warning t smene he r she trusts if he r she fails t arrive at a destinatin within a certain time.(通过使用iPhne，一个人可以将其设置为，如果自己在一定时间内未能到达目的地，就向一个他/她信任的人发送警告信息。)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“结果是，Medha设计了一款名为Safe Travel的应用程序，旨在帮助独行者在旅行时感到更加安全”，划线词secure的意思是“安全的”，和safe意思相近。故选B。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“The App Challenge is designed t encurage students t cnsider careers in science, technlgy, engineering, and maths by experimenting with cding (编码) and cmputer science.(App Challenge旨在通过编码和计算机科学实践，鼓励学生考虑从事科学、技术、工程和数学领域的职业。)”可知，App Challenge是通过让学生进行编程和计算机科学实验鼓励学生考虑自己的职业发展的。故选C。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中““If we see smething wrng with the wrld, we shuld d smething abut it,” she said. “After all, the nly ne stpping us frm ding smething is urselves.”(“如果我们发现世界上有不对劲的地方，我们就应该做些什么来改变它，”她说。“毕竟，唯一阻止我们去做事的人就是我们自己。”)”可知，在最后一段中Medha表达了在生活中应该始终保持创造性。故选C。
C
Of the many clrful Rmanian traditins that are brught t life every year, the Bear Dance is ne f the mst inspiring. This flk traditin dates back t thusands f years ag.
Traditinally, the arrival f the “bears” is annunced by a small grup f “irzi” wh blw whistles t a rhythm (节奏) set by the head bear tamer (训兽师). Chsen fr his leadership skills, the head tamer is the ne wh decides when each f the acts is played and gives the signs.
The “bears” dance t the beat set by the flutes and the drums. Wearing the special cstumes (戏服) requires
strength and cnfidence, with the heaviest f cstumes weighing up t 50 kils.
When the persn wearing the cstume is standing up straight, the “bear” lks up. During the dance, the wearer must mve frward and shake his r her bdy t the left and t the right while taking small steps either t the frnt r t the side.
The Bear Dance symblizes the death and rebirth f time. Perfrmed between Christmas and New Year’s Eve, this ancient celebratin brings tgether the whle cmmunity, wh gather t watch the perfrmance. The Bear Dance sees men f all ages, and increasingly mre wmen, wh are dressed in real bear skins and dance t the rhythm f flutes and drums t drive ff evil spirits and ring in the new year.
By traditin, the grup f the Bear Dance, which includes 6 t 24 “bears” wuld visit every family f the village, accmpanied by up t three singing bear tamers, several characters wearing wmen’s clthes and drummers. While this traditin is still bserved in many villages, in cities and twns it usually takes the frm f a parade that ends with a majr perfrmance.
28. What d we knw abut the Bear Dance?
A. It is specially perfrmed by bears.B. It is better celebrated in cities.
C. It is a traditin with a lng histry.D. It is a daily sprt in Rmania.
29. Hw des the Bear Dance begin?
A. Several characters beat drums.B. The bear tamer dances t a rhythm.
C. Sme perfrmers played the flutes.D. A grup f members blw whistles.
30. Why d the lcals hld the Bear Dance every year?
A. T welcme the arrival f the new year.B. T celebrate the psitive part f life.
C. T call n peple t prtect wild animals.D. T prvide themselves with a way t have fun.
31. Which part f a magazine is the text prbably taken frm?
A. Nature.B. Culture.C. Business.D. Envirnment.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了罗马尼亚最鼓舞人心的传统之一“熊舞”的相关情况。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Of the many clrful Rmanian traditins that are brught t life every year, the Bear Dance is ne f the mst inspiring. This flk traditin dates back t thusands f years ag.(在每年丰富多彩的罗马尼亚传统中，熊舞是最鼓舞人心的传统之一。这个民间传统可以追溯到几千年前。)”可知，熊舞是一个
有着悠久历史的传统。故选C项。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Traditinally, the arrival f the “bears” is annunced by a small grup f “irzi” wh blw whistles t a rhythm (节奏) set by the head bear tamer (训兽师).(传统上，“熊”的到来是由一小群“伊罗齐人”宣布的，他们会根据驯兽师设定的节奏吹口哨。)”可推知，熊舞是以一群人按照驯兽师设定的节奏吹口哨开始。故选D项。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据五段中“The Bear Dance sees men f all ages, and increasingly mre wmen, wh are dressed in real bear skins and dance t the rhythm f flutes and drums t drive ff evil spirits and ring in the new year.(参加“熊舞”的有各个年龄层的男人，也有越来越多的女人，他们穿着真正的熊皮，随着笛子和鼓的节奏跳舞，以驱除邪恶的灵魂，迎接新的一年。)”可知，当地人每年都要举行熊舞，迎接新的一年。故选A项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Of the many clrful Rmanian traditins that are brught t life every year, the Bear Dance is ne f the mst inspiring. This flk traditin dates back t thusands f years ag.(在每年丰富多彩的罗马尼亚传统中，熊舞是最鼓舞人心的传统之一。这个民间传统可以追溯到几千年前。)”可知，文章主要介绍了罗马尼亚最鼓舞人心的传统之一“熊舞”的相关情况。由此可推知，文本可能取自杂志的文化部分。故选B项。
D
Chances are that yu can name a few animals that are facing extinctin. But what abut plants? With sme 40% f plant species under threat f extinctin — and given humankind’s dependence n the plant wrld — ne might think they shuld be prtected as sn as pssible. Hwever, s many peple suffer frm plant blindness which refers t the inability t see r ntice the plants in ne’s wn envirnment, leading t the inability t recgnize the imprtance f plants.
Nw a paper published by Oxfrd University Press might have fund a slutin fr that. That’s watching nature dcumentaries. Having nticed that TV shws like Seven Wrlds, One Planet, Planet Earth II, and Blue Planet II increased viewers’ interest in the animals n the shws, the researchers set ut t discver if TV shws culd d the same fr plants.
Fr the paper, they fcused n The Green Planet. The shw was watched by nearly 5 millin peple in the United Kingdm. It features varius plant species and desn’t shy away frm envirnmental cncerns. T figure ut if the dcumentary attracted viewers enugh t make them want t learn mre, the researchers nted which species
appeared n the shw and then lked at data n Ggle Trends and Wikipedia page hits fr thse same species befre and after the episdes (剧集) f the dcumentary aired.
Actually, sme 28.1% f search terms representing plants mentined in The Green Planet had peak (高峰时期的) ppularity in the UK, measured using Ggle Trends, the week after the bradcast f the relevant episde. Wikipedia data shwed this as well. Almst a third (31.3%) f the Wikipedia pages related t plants mentined in the dcumentary shwed increased visits the week after the bradcast. The researchers als nted that peple were mre likely t d nline searches fr plants that enjyed mre screen time n The Green Planet.
“Our results suggest that the viewers fund certain plant species particularly attractive. These plants culd be used fr prmting plant cnservatin effrts,” said the paper’s lead authr, Janna Kacprzyk.
32. What is the prblem mentined at the beginning f the text?
A. The harm f intrduced plant species t native plants.
B. Limited educatin abut lcal wildlife prtectin
C. The lack f public awareness abut plants.
D. Peple’s increasingly pr eyesight.
33. Hw did the researchers study viewers’ interest in The Green Planet?
A. By shwing news abut extinct plant species.
B. By cmparing its ppularity with ther TV shws’.
C. By measuring peple’s nline behavir twards it.
D. By recrding viewers’ preferences fr scial media sites.
34. What effect did The Green Planet cause?
A. Better sales f natural prducts.
B. A rise in nline searches fr specific plants.
C. Grwing public interest in utdr activities.
D. Mre educatinal websites related t wildlife.
35. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. An effective slutin t animal prtectin
B. The changing views abut nature prgrams
C. Plant blindness: a widespread phenmenn
D. Nature dcumentaries: a hidden guardian f plants
【答案】32. C 33. C 34. B 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一项研究发现，观看自然纪录片可以提高人们对植物的认识与关注度，从而有助于植物保护。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Hwever, s many peple suffer frm plant blindness which refers t the inability t see r ntice the plants in ne’s wn envirnment, leading t the inability t recgnize the imprtance f plants.(然而，很多人都患有植物盲症，这是指在自己的环境中看不到或注意不到植物，导致无法认识到植物的重要性)”可知，本段提到的问题是公众对植物缺乏认识。故选C。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“T figure ut if the dcumentary attracted viewers enugh t make them want t learn mre, the researchers nted which species appeared n the shw and then lked at data n Ggle Trends and Wikipedia page hits fr thse same species befre and after the episdes (剧集) f the dcumentary aired.(为了弄清楚纪录片是否吸引了足够多的观众，让他们想要了解更多，研究人员注意到哪些物种出现在节目中，然后查看纪录片播出前后谷歌趋势和维基百科页面上相同物种的点击量)”可知，研究人员通过查看纪录片播出前后谷歌趋势和维基百科页面上纪录片中出现的相同物种的点击量，来了解观众对物种的兴趣；由此可知，研究者是通过衡量人们关于该纪录片的在线行为来研究观众对它的兴趣，故选C。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Actually, sme 28.1% f search terms representing plants mentined in The Green Planet had peak (高峰时期的) ppularity in the UK, measured using Ggle Trends, the week after the bradcast f the relevant episde. Wikipedia data shwed this as well. Almst a third (31.3%) f the Wikipedia pages related t plants mentined in the dcumentary shwed increased visits the week after the bradcast.(事实上，在《绿色星球》中提到的代表植物的28.1%的搜索词在英国的流行度达到了顶峰，这是在相关剧集播出后的一周用谷歌趋势测量的。维基百科的数据也显示了这一点。近三分之一（31.3%）与纪录片中提到的植物相关的维基百科页面在播出后一周的访问量有所增加)”可知，The Green Planet引起的效果是对特定植物的在线搜索有所增加。故选B。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Hwever, s many peple suffer frm plant blindness which refers t the inability t see r ntice the plants in ne’s wn envirnment, leading t the inability t recgnize the imprtance f plants.(然而，很多人都患有植物盲症，这是指在自己的环境中看不到或注意不到植物，导致无法认识到植物的重要性)”和第二段中“Nw a paper published by Oxfrd University Press might have fund
a slutin fr that. That’s watching nature dcumentaries.(现在，牛津大学出版社发表的一篇论文可能已经找到了解决方案。那就是看自然纪录片)”可知，文章主要讲述公众对植物缺乏认识，而一项研究发现，这个问题的解决方案是观看自然纪录片，这可以提高人们对植物的认识与关注度，从而有助于植物保护。D项“自然纪录片：隐藏的植物守护者”能够概括文章主旨，为最佳标题，故选D。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
One f the mst imprtant things in the wrld is friendship. In rder t have friends, yu have t be a gd friend. ____36____.
Listen patiently
Listen when they are talking. Dn’t say anything unless they ask yu a questin. ____37____, because they just need smene t talk t abut their feelings.
Help them
If yur friend is ever in need f smething, be there t help them. ____38____, but yu shuldn’t d everything they want yu t d. Try t take an extra pencil r pen with yu t classes in case they frget ne. Have a little extra mney in yur pcket because they may frget smething they need.
Be there fr them
____39____. Marilyn Mnre, a famus US actr, nce said, “I ften make mistakes. Smetimes I am ut f cntrl, but if yu can’t stay with me at my wrst, yu are sure nt t deserve t be with me at my best.” Always remember this! If yu dn’t want t stay with yu friends when they’re in hard times, then yu dn’t deserve t be with them when they’re having a gd time!
____40____
G shpping, g fr ice cream, have a party, g t a mvie and s n. Take time t knw each ther even better by ding smething yu bth enjy. By planning things tgether, yu bth can have a gd time. And yu’ll remember these things when yu’re all ld！
A. Make plans with them
B. Shw an interest in them
C. Yu shuld try t cnsider them first
D. Here are sme gd tips fr yu t be a gd friend
E. Understand yur friends and help them in truble
F. Smetimes it’s nt necessary fr yu t have anything t say
G. Be there fr yur friends t help make them feel better in hard times
【答案】36. D 37. F 38. C 39. G 40. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章探讨了如何在学校成为一位好朋友的几个方法。
【36题详解】
根据前文“One f the mst imprtant things in the wrld is friendship. In rder t have friends, yu have t be a gd friend.( 世界上最重要的东西之一是友谊。为了有朋友，你必须是一个好朋友。)”以及下文小标题可知此处为承上启下的一个句子，所选的内容应引起下文的策略：如何成为一个好朋友，因此推断D项“这里有一些让你成为好朋友的好建议” 符合语境。故选D。
【37题详解】
根据下文“because they just need smene t talk t abut their feelings.( 因为他们只是需要有人倾诉他们的感受。)”可知，有时你不必说什么，倾听就好，与下文是因果关系，因此推断F项“有时候你不需要说什么”符合语境，故选F。
【38题详解】
根据下文“but yu shuldn’t d everything they want yu t d.(但你不应该做他们让你做的每件事。)”可知上文是在讲 yu shuld..，说明你应该尝试考虑他们，但不应该什么都答应。因此推断C项“你应该先考虑一下”符合语境。故选C。
【39题详解】
根据本段小标题“Be there fr them (陪在他们身边)”可知此处在讲朋友需要的时候你需要陪着他们让他们好受一点。因此推断G项“陪在你的朋友身边，帮助他们在困难的时候感觉好一点”符合语境。故选G。
【40题详解】
根据下文内容“By planning things tgether, yu bth can have a gd time. And yu’ll remember these things when yu’re all ld！(通过一起计划事情，你们俩都会玩得很开心。当你们老了的时候，你们会记得这些事情的!)”可知本段讨论的和朋友一起计划你们都喜欢的事。因此推断A项“与他们一起制定计划”为最佳标题。故选A。
第三部分 语言知识运用 （共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最
佳选项。
Once a teacher prided herself n giving practical examples t explain smething when a student didn’t understand it the first time. Hwever, her apprach was ____41____ when she was teaching math t six-year-lds.
The exercise was ____42____: the teacher asked each child t name their favrite fruit and then ____43____ a certain amunt f that fruit. When it was Jhn’s ____44____, the teacher asked, “If I give yu ne range and anther range and anther range, hw many ranges will yu have in yur bag?” Jhn cnfidently replied, “Fur.” The teacher was surprised. She tried again, but this time she used her ____45____ t cunt alng with him. Jhn lked at her three fingers, his bag and then her ____46____ face befre hesitantly (犹豫) answering.
“Fur.” The teacher, remembering Jhn als ____47____ strawberries, decided t use them as a(n) ____48____. This time Jhn cunted carefully and replied with a hesitant smile, “Three.” The teacher smiled as she ____49____ that her mew apprach was successful.
Then she went back t the _____50_____ example-ranges. Seeing the teacher happy, the by replied _____51_____ “Fur.” The teacher, slightly angry, asked, “Hw? Tell me hw fur?” Jhn, in a _____52_____ vice, replied, “Because I already have ne range in my bag.”
This was the day the teacher learned ne mre valuable _____53_____: what yu think yu knw is nt always _____54_____. Smetimes, yu have t lk at the prblem frm a different _____55_____ t understand why smething is the way it is r why smene said what they said.
41. A. achievedB. challengedC. admiredD. discvered
42. A. specialB. strikingC. tughD. simple
43. A. pick upB. eat upC. add upD. gather up
44. A. rightB. turnC. respnsibilityD. chance
45. A. fingersB. pensC. fruitD. bag
46. A. strangeB. satisfiedC. disappintedD. excited
47. A. tastedB. lvedC. sawD. bught
48. A. exampleB. treatC. prizeD. cntrast
49. A. realizedB. annuncedC. pretendedD. expected
50. A. thirdB. successfulC. similarD. frmer
51. A. suddenlyB. secretlyC. slwlyD. immediately
52. A. sacredB. sharpC. lwD. serius
53. A. lessnB. subjectC. apprachD. case
54. A. cmpleteB. crrectC. imprtantD. cmmn
55. A. resultB. timeC. psitinD. tpic
【答案】41. B 42. D 43. C 44. B 45. A 46. C 47. B 48. A 49. A 50. D 51. D 52. C 53. A 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了老师教学遇挫，学到宝贵教训的故事。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，当她教六岁的孩子数学时，她的方法受到了挑战。A. achieved实现；B. challenged挑战；C. admired钦佩；D. discvered发现。根据上文“Once a teacher prided herself n giving practical examples t explain smething when a student didn’t understand it the first time.”和“Hwever”可知，曾经有一位老师很自豪地用实际的例子来解释学生第一次不理解的东西。然而，这位老师的教学方法受到了挑战。故选B。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个练习很简单：老师让每个孩子说出他们最喜欢水果的名字，然后把一定数量的水果加起来。A. special特别的；B. striking引人注目的；C. tugh艰难的；D. simple简单的。根据下文“the teacher asked each child t name their favrite fruit and then 3 a certain amunt f that fruit.”可知，老师让每个孩子说出他们最喜欢的水果，然后收集一定数量的那种水果，因此可以推断这个练习很简单。故选D。
【43题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个练习很简单：老师让每个孩子说出他们最喜欢的水果的名字，然后把一定数量的水果加起来。A. pick up捡起；B. eat up吃光；C. add up加起来；D. gather up收集。根据下文“the teacher asked, “If I give yu ne range and anther range and anther range, hw many ranges will yu have in yur bag?””可知，此处指把喜欢的水果的数量相加。故选C。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：轮到约翰时，老师问：“如果我给你一个橘子，再给你一个橘子，再给你一个橘子，你的袋子里会有多少个橘子？”A. right权利；B. turn轮流；C. respnsibility责任；D. chance机会。根据下文“the teacher asked, “If I give yu ne range and anther range and anther range, hw many ranges will yu have in yur bag?” Jhn cnfidently replied, “Fur.””可知，这里是指轮到约翰回答问题了，因此用turn表示“轮流”。故选B。
【45题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她又试了一次，但这次她用手指和他一起数。A. fingers手指；B. pens钢笔；C. fruit水果；D. bag袋子。根据下文“Jhn lked at her three fingers”可知，老师用手指和约翰一起数，因此这里应该是指手指。故选A。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：约翰看着她的三根手指，他的袋子，然后看着她失望的脸，犹豫地回答。A. strange奇怪的；B. satisfied满意的；C. disappinted失望的；D. excited兴奋的。根据上文““If I give yu ne range and anther range and anther range, hw many ranges will yu have in yur bag?” Jhn cnfidently replied, “Fur.””可知，约翰的回答是错误的，因此老师应该是感到失望的。故选C。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：老师记得约翰也喜欢吃草莓，决定用它们作为例子。A. tasted品尝；B. lved喜欢；C. saw看见；D. bught买。根据上文“the teacher asked each child t name their favrite fruit”和下文“strawberries, decided t use them”可知，这里是指老师记得约翰喜欢吃草莓，因此用lved表示“喜欢”。故选B。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：老师记得约翰也喜欢吃草莓，决定用它们作为例子。A. example例子；B. treat款待；C. prize奖品；D. cntrast对比。根据上文“The teacher, remembering Jhn als 7 strawberries, decided t use them as”和下文“example-ranges”可知，老师记得约翰也喜欢吃草莓，这里是指老师决定用草莓作为另一个例子来解释问题，下文老师又回到了前面的例子——橘子。故选A。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她意识到她的新方法成功了时，老师笑了。A. realized意识到；B. annunced宣布；C. pretended假装；D. expected期待。根据上文“This time Jhn cunted carefully and replied with a hesitant smile, “Three.””和下文“that her mew apprach was successful”可知，这里是指老师意识到她的新方法成功了，因此用realized表示“意识到”。故选A。
【50题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后她又回到了前面的例子——橘子。A. third第三的；B. successful成功的；C. similar相似的；D. frmer前面的。根据上文“If I give yu ne range and anther range and anther range, hw many ranges will yu have in yur bag?”和“Then she went back t the”和下文“example-ranges”可知，这里是指老师又回到了前面的例子，即橘子。故选D。
【51题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：看到老师很高兴，男孩立刻回答说：“四个。”A. suddenly突然地；B. secretly
秘密地；C. slwly慢慢地；D. immediately立刻。根据上文“Seeing the teacher happy, the by replied”可知，这里是指男孩看到老师很高兴，立刻回答了问题。故选D。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：约翰低声回答：“因为我包里已经有一个橘子了。”A. sacred神圣的；B. sharp锋利的；C. lw低的；D. serius严肃的。根据上文“The teacher, slightly”可知，看到 老师有点生气，所以约翰低声回答，因此用lw表示“低的”。故选C。
【53题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一天，老师又学到了一个宝贵的教训：你认为你知道的并不总是正确的。A. lessn教训；B. subject主题；C. apprach方法；D. case案例。根据下文“what yu think yu knw is nt always 14 . Smetimes, yu have t lk at the prblem frm a different 15 t understand why smething is the way it is r why smene said what they said.”可知，这里是指老师从这次经历中学到了一个宝贵的教训。故选A。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一天，老师又学到了一个宝贵的教训：你认为你知道的并不总是正确的。A. cmplete完整的；B. crrect正确的；C. imprtant重要的；D. cmmn普通的。根据下文“yu have t lk at the prblem frm a different 15 t understand why smething is the way it is r why smene said what they said”可知，有时，你必须从不同的角度看待问题，才能理解为什么事情是这样的，或者为什么有人说了他们所说的话。所以这里是指老师意识到她认为她知道的并不总是正确的。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时，你必须从不同的角度看待问题，才能理解为什么事情是这样的，或者为什么有人说了他们所说的话。A. result结果；B. time时间；C. psitin位置，角度；D. tpic话题。根据上文“yu have t lk at the prblem frm a different”可知，这里是指有时需要从不同的角度看待问题。故选C。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Thanks t a series f prtectin ____56____ (measure), the Dabry’s sturgen (达氏鲟), are endangered species under China’s first-class natinal prtectin, can nw be sptted again in the Yangtze River.
The Dabry’s sturgen is als knwn as the Yangtze sturgen, ____57____ (name) after its habitat the upper Yangtze River. Since 2000, it had lst its natural ability t reprduce (繁殖) ____58____ result f verfishing and water pllutin, amng ther factrs. The Internatinal Unin fr Cnservatin f Nature annunced the species
extinct in the wild in July 2022.
Accrding t the Ministry f Agriculture and Rural Affairs, underwater cameras have recent sht the natural reprducing f the Yangtze sturgen, ____59____ (shw) that sme individuals in the artificial breeding (人工繁育) Yangtze sturgen ppulatin have the ability t reprduce in the will. Overfishing was nce a serius challenge, ____60____ endangered the Yangtze sturgen and ther fish species in the Yangtze River. ____61____ (recver) the living envirnment alng the river, China ____62____ (carry) ut a full fishing ban (禁令) in 332 cnservatin areas f the Yangtze River basin in January 2020.
____63____ (surprising) many fishermen have nw becme prtectrs f fish in the Yangtze River. Zhang Sng, wh had depended n fishing fr ____64____ living since 2000, vlunteered t becme a member f the fish prtectin team in Wanzhu District. The Yangtze River Prtectin Law came int frce n March 1, 2021. With this law, Zhang’s wrk became much ______65______ (easy) than befre.
【答案】56. measures
57. named 58. as
59. shwing
60. which 61. T recver
62. carried
63. Surprisingly
64. a 65. easier
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。由于采取了一系列的保护措施，中国国家一级保护的濒危物种达氏鲟现在可以在长江中再次被发现。
【56题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：由于采取了一系列的保护措施，中国国家一级保护的濒危物种达氏鲟现在可以在长江中再次被发现。measure作“措施，方法”讲时是可数名词，空前有a series f“一系列”修饰，应用复数形式。故填measures。
【57题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：达氏鲟也被称为长江鲟，因其在长江上游的栖息地而得名。空处需要非谓语动词作状语。name与其逻辑主语The Dabry’s sturgen之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作状语，表示被动和完成。故填named。
【58题详解】
考查介词。句意：自2000年以来，由于过度捕捞和水污染等因素，它失去了自然的繁殖能力。as a result f是介词短语，表示“由于……的结果”，后接名词或动名词作宾语。故填as。
【59题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：据农业农村部介绍，水下摄像机最近拍摄到长江中华鲟的自然繁殖，显示人工繁殖的长江中华鲟种群中的一些个体具有自愿繁殖的能力。空处需要非谓语动词作结果状语。根据句意可知，此处为自然而然的结果，所以用现在分词作结果状语。故填shwing。
【60题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：过度捕捞曾经是一个严重的挑战，使长江中华鲟和其他长江鱼类濒临灭绝。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词Overfishing。先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which 引导该从句。故填which。
【61题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：为了恢复长江沿岸的生存环境，中国于2020年1月在长江流域332个保护区实施了全面禁渔。空处需要动词不定式作目的状语。首字母大写。故填T recver。
【62题详解】
考查时态。句意：为了恢复长江沿岸的生存环境，中国于2020年1月在长江流域332个保护区实施了全面禁渔。空处为句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语“in January2020”可知，句子为一般过去时态。故填carried。
【63题详解】
考查副词。句意：令人惊讶的是，许多渔民现在已经成为长江鱼类的保护者。空处需要副词surprisingly修饰后面的句子。首字母大写。故填Surprisingly。
【64题详解】
考查冠词。句意：张松从2000年开始就以捕鱼为生，他自愿成为万州区鱼类保护队的一员。fr a living“为了谋生”。故填a。
【65题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：《长江保护法》将于2021年3月1日起施行。有了这个定律，张的工作比以前容易多了。根据空后的than可知，空处需要形容词的比较级。故填easier。
第四部分 写作 （共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
66. 上周五你参加了你校举办的网络安全知识比赛。请你为校英语报写一篇短文，介绍此次比赛，内容包括：
1.比赛的时间和地点；
2.比赛的经历；
3.你的感受。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Cyber Security Knwledge Cmpetitin
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Cyber Security Knwledge Cmpetitin
Last Friday, I participated in a cyber security knwledge cmpetitin rganized by ur schl. The cmpetitin was held in the schl hall and lasted fr tw hurs.
During the cmpetitin, I answered varius questins abut cyber security, including hw t prtect persnal infrmatin, hw t avid cyber cheating, and hw t deal with cyber attacks. After several runds f cmpetitin, I wn a prize with sme thers.
I think this cmpetitin is very meaningful. Nt nly des it enhance ur awareness f cyber security, but als it enables us t learn mre abut hw t prtect urselves in the digital age.
I hpe mre such cmpetitins will be held in the future t allw mre students t learn abut cyber security.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为校英语报写一篇短文，介绍学校举办的网络安全知识比赛。内容包括：
1.比赛的时间和地点；2.比赛的经历；3.你的感受。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加：participate in→take part in/cmpete in
提高：enhance → imprve
安全：security→safety
多种多样的：varius→ a variety f/varieties f
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The cmpetitin was held in the schl hall and lasted fr tw hurs.
拓展句：The cmpetitin, which lasted fr tw hurs, was held in the schl hall.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Last Friday, I participated in a cyber security knwledge cmpetitin rganized by ur schl.（运用了过去分词短语作后置定语的非谓语动词用法）
【高分句型2】Nt nly des it enhance ur awareness f cyber security, but als it enables us t learn mre abut hw t prtect urselves in the digital age.（运用了倒装及动词不定式的复合结构）
第二节 （满分25分）
67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I wke up early in the mrning and culdn’t wait t head fr the hspital, hping t serve peple in need with a big smile. At arund 7: 30 am, all the vlunteers gathered as planned. I was verwhelmed with excitement as I entered the hspital. We were warmly greeted by the hspital staff. Then vlunteers were arranged different tasks — cleaning rms, guiding patients t their destinatins, helping ld peple fill in frms and s n. Because I was gd at perating cmputers, I was sent t be in charge f the self-service payment machines, which are designed fr peple t buy medicine and instantly pay their hspital bills.
Vlunteering frm 7:30 am until 8:30 am in the hspital made me very happy. Everyne I ffered help t thanked me ver and ver again. Hwever, mst f the peple in the hspital had wrried faces, and I seldm sptted a smile. It was a little disappinting, but I tried t understand. They might have been tired ut taking care f patients. While it may be hard t predict (预测) what kinds f patients yu’ll be wrking with, it’s best t apprach these situatins with an pen mind. I cntinued t cncentrate n my assigned task, helping plenty f peple — especially the lder nes wh culdn’t use advanced technlgy.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Suddenly. I nticed a freigner standing beside the machine with a cnfused lk.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
That mment really tuched my heart.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Suddenly I nticed a freigner standing beside the machine with a cnfused lk. I apprached him with a smile, asking if he needed any assistance. He lked relieved and explained that he was trying t pay fr his wife’s medicatin but culdn’t understand the instructins n the screen. I guided him thrugh each step, translating the Chinese int English and ensuring he understd hw t cmplete the transactin. With his thumb up, he expressed his thanks t me, and fr the first time that day, I saw a genuine smile n smene’s face in the hspital.
That mment really tuched my heart. It made me realize that even small acts f kindness can make a significant difference in smene’s day. As the day prgressed, I cntinued t assist mre peple, each interactin adding a bit mre warmth t the clinical envirnment. By the end f my shift, I felt a prfund sense f satisfactin. Vlunteering at Yeda Hspital nt nly enriched my high schl life but als taught me valuable lessns abut cmpassin and the impact f simple gestures. I knew that these experiences wuld stay with me as I prepared fr university and beynd, shaping me int a mre understanding and caring individual.
【解析】
【导语】本文以事件为线索展开。讲述了作者在医院做自愿者帮助他人的经历，作者在医院里负责自助支付机的操作，帮助病人和访客处理支付事务。作者一开始非常开心，受到帮助的人总是认真感谢作者。然而，作者逐渐注意到医院里大多数人都很忧虑和疲惫，很少露出笑容，这让他感到一丝失望。尽管如此，作者仍然努力理解他们的处境，并继续专注于自己的任务。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“突然，我注意到一个外国人站在机器旁边，一脸困惑。”可知，第一段可描写作者帮助外国人解决问题的经过以及这个外国人带着微笑感谢作者。
②由第二段首句内容“那一刻真的触动了我的心。”可知，第二段可描写作者在医院做自愿者感受和收获。
2.续写线索：出现困惑的外国人——作者前去帮助——外国人微笑感谢——作者受到触动——作者更积极地帮助更多人——作者的收获及感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①走近：apprach/cme tward
②表达：express/cnvey
③继续：cntinue/g n
情绪类
①感谢：thanks/appreciatin/gratitude
②满足：satisfactin/cntentment
【点睛】[高分句型1] I apprached him with a smile, asking if he needed any assistance. (运用了现在分词作状语和if引导的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] As the day prgressed, I cntinued t assist mre peple, each interactin adding a bit mre warmth t the clinical envirnment. (运用了as引导的时间状语从句和独立主格结构)