北京市朝阳区2024-2025学年高一上学期期末质量检测英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份北京市朝阳区2024-2025学年高一上学期期末质量检测英语试卷(含答案)，共26页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，语法填空，书面表达，选词填空等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、阅读理解
The Schl f Arts at Oxfrd Brkes University brings tgether filmmakers, fine artists, musicians, phtgraphers, news reprters and many mre t frm an inspiring, dynamic place f creatives.
Research
The Schl f Arts prvides an energetic envirnment fr teachers and students t develp their research and fcuses n building research excellence by imprving present and future strengths. We have a research center cvering the fields f Art & Design, Digital Media, Film, Music, and Phtgraphy. We als have a series f research grups acrss all f ur fields, where teachers wrk tgether and share their research prjects.
Curses
The Schl f Arts ffers a wide range f curses, frm fine art t music digital media prductin, film studies and the news reprting. Aiming t help yu frm yur wn practice r get ready fr future jbs, ur curses use bth classrm learning and creative practice t develp yur interests. They build independent thinkers wh think ut f the bx and prduce creative wrks. Our arts students are well placed t get ready fr different types f jbs in the creative industries.
Student Life
While yur studies are a tp thing, yu will still want t make the mst f everything else student life ffers. Within the schl, there are always prjects yu can wrk n utside f yur chsen field f study. It culd be that yu wish t wrk with students learning ther subjects, creating the music fr a film r filming a piece f perfrmance art. This might be part f yur study r just smething yu wuld like t d fr fun. Wrking tgether with ther students acrss different subjects is a gd way t make mre friends. The Schl f Arts is prud t run university wide scieties such as The Dcumentary Club and the University Orchestra and Chir.
Please find us at query@brkes. ac. uk.
1． What can the Schl f Arts prvide fr students in their research?
A.Varius resurces beynd art fields.
B.Chances t learn in a dynamic envirnment.
C.Different grups that fcus n creating art wrks.
D.A center where teachers and students wrk tgether.
2． After learning the curses in the Schl f Art, students will _________.
A.develp their creative skills
B.be ready fr classrm learning
C.need t hand in their art wrks
D.be ffered a jb in the art industries
3． Besides subject learning, students at the Schl f Art can _________.
A.receive jb training
B.manage all schl clubs
C.build friendships with famus artists
D.wrk n prjects acrss different fields
One Saturday night in the spring f 2023, while mst f her friends were relaxing, Elizabeth Smart, then 16, was studying in an undergrund rm in her parents’ huse. She was trying t wrk ut hw patients with bld cancers respnd t CAR T-cell therapy, ne f the newest and mst hpeful treatments fr bld cancers.
Elizabeth was drawn t cancer research fr tw reasns： stries f children with cancer, like "Penn the Brave," and her grandmther’s death frm cancer. She hped t relieve the pain f peple like them. S when Elizabeth was lking fr a science-prject tpic and her father emailed her a news reprt abut CAR T-cell therapy, she decided t explre further.
Elizabeth used the results frm a 2022 Yale University study explaining what causes the failure f CAR T-cell treatment and tried t identify genetic bimarkers （遗传生物标志物） that wuld tell a patient’s respnse t the treatment in rder t make it mre effective. She even develped a way t study genetic infrmatin thrugh specialized sftware instead f traditinal lab wrk.
Thrugh late nights f uplading infrmatin and analyzing RNA sequences （序列）, Elizabeth discvered certain genetic infrmatin in RNA sequences — which decides everything frm hair clur t hw yur immune system fights diseases — culd tell a patient’s respnse t CAR T-cell therapy, and culd ne day help develp mre effective treatment and fewer side effects. Starting the prject tw years ag, Elizabeth fund reading riginal research papers t difficult, s she taught herself by reading bks, pen-surce papers and watching YuTube
vides fr nn-prfessinal peple. "I thught abut giving up s many times," says Elizabeth. Instead she turned t nline grups, where prfessinal and nn-prfessinal scientists alike shared tips n similar challenges.
Her research paper, titled "Optimizatin f CAR T-Cell therapy Using RNA-Sequencing Analysis fr Bimarker Identificatin", made Elizabeth nt nly a natinal science-fair champin but als wn her first place at the annual Eurpean Unin Cntest fr Yung Scientists in Brussels this past fall.
As she graduates frm high schl this year and starts preparing fr university, Elizabeth is lking frward t wrking in a lab — nt just in her parents’ huse.
4． Why did Elizabeth want t d research n CAR T-Cell therapy?
A.Because she had heard a lt abut it.
B.Because it was her science prject tpic.
C.Because her father asked her t wrk n it.
D.Because she wanted t help peple with cancer.
5． What challenge did Elizabeth cme acrss during her research?
A.Lack f prfessinal backgrund.
B.Limited access t traditinal labratry.
C.Difficulty in getting prfessinal guidance.
D.Heavy wrk f uplading genetic infrmatin.
6． Which wrd wuld best describe Elizabeth?
A.Hnest.
B.Hardwrking.
C.Strict.
D.Cnfident.
7． What can we learn frm this passage?
A.Many hands make light wrk.
B.A new way is better than sweat.
C.Yung peple can make a difference.
D.Lve and understanding is priceless.
We can struggle t maintain wrking relatinships when ur scial grup grws t large, but Artificial Intelligence （AI） mdels may nt face the same limitatin.
What is Artificial Intelligence Dating back t the 1990s, the scientist Rbin Dunbar presented that the number f relatinships we can maintain is typically abut 150 due t the size f ur brains. Nw, researchers have applied this idea, knwn as Dunbar’s number, t AI mdels and fund that the mst pwerful nes with the largest "brains" can manage grups f up t 1000.
Girdan De Marz and his clleagues at the University f Knstanz experimented whether AI mdels like ChatGPT act like humans when "talking" t each ther in grups. They ran many cpies f the same AI mdel at nce, giving each an pinin n a prblem withut bvius answers. At each step f the experiment, they chse ne cpy by chance and tld it what pinin all the ther cpies held and why, and then asked if it wuld like t update its wn.
The team fund that the high-end AI mdels like GPT-4 Turb reached agreement every time. Yet cpies f smaller and less pwerful mdels like GPT-3.5 Turb never reached agreement. The results shwed that althugh the mdels in each test were the same, there was n inbrn system fr agreement, at least until they became capable enugh.
The researchers then tried t find an upper limit n each mdel’s ability t reach agreement — their wn Dunbar’s number. Fr sme mdels, like Llama 370b, the agreement prcess became increasingly slw as the grup size grew, ending up with a Dunbar’s number f 50. But fr ther mdels, like GPT-4 Turb, this ability never slwed dwn even nce 1000 cpies were wrking tgether.
"I was very surprised," says De Marz. "We were able t simulate （模拟） up t thusands f mdels and there was n sign at all f a breaking f the ability t frm a cmmunity." He adds that memry is key. While we may struggle t recall facts, faces and pinins at a certain pint, AI is limited nly by its hardware.
Philip Feldman at the University f Maryland, hwever, says AI mdels with a high Dunbar number may be able t reach agreement n a prblem, but that desn’t necessarily mean they will find a gd slutin. He believes diversity （多样性） is key t prblem-slving, which is hard in grups made up f the same AI mdel. A larger cncern is whether it even makes sense t talk abut cpies f an AI mdel as a grup f individuals, says Michael Rvatss at the University f Edinburgh. "The mdels dn’t understand what they are, hw they are separate frm ther mdels r what the experiment’s purpse is."

8． Researchers applied Dunbar’s number t AI mdels t _________.
A.test their memry cmpetence
B.bserve their scial behaviur in grups
C.recrd the wrking speed f different AI mdels
D.find the limit f AI mdels t maintain relatinships
9． What can be inferred frm the research f Girdan De Marz’s team?
A.AI mdels have the ability t take ver larger grups than humans.
B.AI mdels’ ability t frm cmmunities is limited by human memry.
C.AI mdels can replace humans in managing difficult scial interactins.
D.AI mdels’ perfrmance in reaching agreement depends n their capabilities.
10． What can we learn frm this passage?
A.AI mdels with a high Dunbar number slve prblems better.
B.Cpies f the same AI mdel lack the ability t think independently.
C.AI mdels with large "brains" have an inbrn system fr agreement.
D.Cpies f the same AI mdel update their pinins withut extra infrmatin.
11． As fr the use f AI mdels in scial activities, the authr is _________.
A.supprtive
B.puzzled
C.careful
D.uncncerned
Since the early days f ppular culture, fans have been viewed with a dubtful reputatin, ften labeled as unreasnable r aberrant, presenting a threat t the scial rder r suggesting a kind f mental illness. Hwever, scial psychlgists ffer a different view n fan culture.
Frm within, fandms （fan grups） lk surprisingly nrmal. Our scial lives are defined by ur tendency t seek ut thers wh share ur persnalities, backgrund, interests r utlk. We are natural t live in grups, a reality that shapes almst everything we d. This simple act f partnership and belnging can be pwerful.
Fr many fans, being part f a fandm can be life-changing. One fan f Jane Austen, fr instance, described hw cnnecting with thers wh shared her lve f Jane Austen and perid dramas helped her thrugh a difficult time, saying, "I’ve finally fund my peple."
Fandms als differ frm ther scial grups in that they bring tgether peple frm different backgrunds. Fans are drawn in by a cmmn interest, but they stay fr a hst f reasns： t be entertained, t braden their view, t experience a particular reality, t cnnect with like-minded thers r t trade theries abut their favrite tpics.
It might seem surprising that sharing an interest can lead t such enriching experiences, but this kind f "minimal grup" effect is well knwn in scial psychlgy. Henri Tajfel, a pineer in this field, fund that peple culd be encuraged t frm lyal grups n the simplest reasns, such as a preference fr a particular artist. Tajfel believed grup membership gives peple their wn scial identities, prviding meaning t an therwise empty situatin.
A scial identity gives us a sense f urselves in relatin t thers： we are wh we are because f what we share with them. Scial identity is separate frm persnal identity, which reflects individual traits such as physical appearance and persnality. During thse mments when yu feel like an imprtant part f a grup like watching a ftball match, yur scial identity is mre utstanding than yur persnal ne.
Tajfel’s theries help explain why fandms are s pwerful and widespread. Grups like Swifties may lk different in their tastes and attitudes, but the dynamics behind them all are very similar. There is little t fear in the passin f these fans, and much t celebrate.
12．
What des the underlined wrd “aberrant” in Paragraph I mst prbably mean?
A.Creative.
B.Organized.
C.Abnrmal.
D.Traditinal
13． What can be inferred frm the passage?
A.Fandms prmte cnnectin and belnging.
B.There are reasnable cncerns abut fandm passin.
C.Fandms prvide individuals with a persnal identity.
D.Peple prefer grups that share cmmn scial backgrunds.
14． What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A.Fans as Scial Grups： Fandms and Madness
B.Fandms Uncvered： The Dangerus Side f Fandms
C.The Influence f Fandms： Fans and Their Unusual Behaviurs
D.Frm Misunderstd t Empwered： The True Impact f Fandms
When I tell friends I’ve written a bk abut scial cnnectin, ne f the mst cmmn questins I get is abut "lst" friendships, the relatinships with peple whm smene has lst tuch with ver time. Shuld we recnnect r let them stay in the past? Tw recent papers suggest that we can all be a bit braver abut reaching ut.
The first cmes frm Peggy Liu at the University f Pittsburgh and her clleagues. The team asked sme peple t prvide infrmatin f a persn with whm they hadn’t been in tuch fr a while. They then wrte a nte t that persn and answered sme questins abut hw much they thught the friend wuld value the gesture. The researchers frwarded the nte t the named persn alng with a questinnaire abut their feelings. It was fund that the receivers welcmed the ntes far mre than the authrs had expected, but it’s a pity that the desire t recnnect was ften balanced by a fear f being rejected.
The secnd paper is by Lara Aknin at Simn Fraser University and Gillian Sandstrm at the University f Sussex. They fund that as many as 90 percent f peple have lst tuch with at least ne ld friend, but many are nw unwilling t make the first mve — even when researchers gave them the time t d s. Explring further, they fund that it arse frm sme cncerns： the peple wrried abut what t say, and they feared that the friend had changed.
The ld friends had started t feel like strangers, and this made Aknin and Sandstrm wnder whether a little practice at building new ties might give peple the cnfidence t strengthen their lder nes t. Sure enugh, they fund that asking peple t start a cnversatin with strangers increased the chances f reaching ut t their ldest friends. Our scial cnfidence seems like a muscle — the mre we use it, the strnger it becmes. We just need t have the curage t start.
15． What are the "lst" friendships?
___________________________________________________________
16． Based n the tw papers, why d peple hesitate t recnnect with ld friends?
___________________________________________________________
17． Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Accrding t Aknin and Sandstrm, asking peple t engage with strangers reduced the chances fr them t reach ut t their ldest friends.
___________________________________________________________
18．
What can yu d t vercme the fear f reaching ut t ld friends? (In abut 40 wrds)
___________________________________________________________
二、七选五
19．
Future astrnauts culd ptentially rely n fd made frm bacteria (细菌) that feed n minr planets, t prduce a kind f ygurt. While astrnauts n the Internatinal Space Statin have experimented with grwing salad leaves, the vast majrity f fd cnsumed in space is transprted frm Earth.① That’s why Jshua Pearce at Western University in Ontari, Canada, decided t try using bacteria t change carbn-cntaining (含碳的) material frm minr planets int eatable fd.
This prcess has nt been carried ut yet n real minr planets. But Pearce’s team has perfrmed similar experiments using bacteria t break dwn plastic frm leftver in army fd supply bags.② The cllective bacteria end up lking smething like a brwn milkshake and the team has als experimented with drying ut this material t prduce smething like ygurt r even a pwder.
③ “We did a nutritinal (营养) research and it turned ut t be almst a perfect fd,” he says. “It turned ut that the bacteria mixture that we were using, mre r less, has a third each fr the three majr nutrients peple need.”
If the idea is sund, a 500-metre-wide minr planet similar t Bennu, which NASA visited in 2020, culd feed between 600 and 17,000 astrnauts fr a year, says Pearce.④
A fully wrking minr planets fd prject wuld require an “industrial-sized smart machine” in space. This wuld take a lng time t get everything in place.⑤ They plan t start ff with cal and then mving t space rcks that have fallen t Earth.
A. It wuld be impssible fr mre distant, lnger-lasting tasks.
B. S the researchers hpe t test the idea n a lwer level in the cming year.
C. Future astrnauts culd sn enjy a nutritinally perfect diet made frm bacteria.
D. While that might nt sund delicius, Pearce says the bacteria are well-suited fr human needs.
E. They heated the plastic withut xygen and then fed this t a mixture f bacteria that eat carbn.
F. Althugh there is certainly hpe, it is still a very futuristic idea that needs t be thught thrugh.
G. The exact number depends n hw effectively the bacteria can break dwn the minr planet’s carbn materials.
三、完形填空
Jsé is the caring directr f a schl in Nicaragua. And nthing brings him mre satisfactin than giving t the students he cares abut mst. Hwever, living n a lw-incme 1 Jsé’s ability t shw his genersity. He lnged fr a way t prvide fd and a jyful future fr the children at his schl but lacked the 2 t make it happen.
Everything 3 when Cnvy f Hpe brught agricultural training t his village. Jsé learned new techniques abut garden management. His previus methds were replaced by mre 4 nes, like setting up a water-saving irrigatin (灌溉) system fr the dry seasns. With his new skills, Jsé 5 planted a garden at his schl. The prduce frm the garden nt nly prvided fresh snacks fr the students but als became a hands-n learning pprtunity.
“Smething that fills me with great jy is when the children get excited and can’t wait t 6 activities in the garden.” Jsé said. The garden prvides Jsé with a 7 frm daily stresses. “Maybe I had sme difficulties in the day, but when I start t water the plants, I 8 the prblems.”
Strengthening individuals’ skills sets all arund the wrld, Cnvy f Hpe’s agricultural prgram 9 peple t prvide fr their families and give back t their cmmunities. But this prject is mre than teaching knwledge. Just as Jsé said, “It has managed t put a smile n children, and they feel a(n) 10 t mve frward.”
20．
A.prved
B.develped
C.suggested
D.limited
21．
A.time
B.means
C.plan
D.drive
22．
A.appeared
B.stpped
C.changed
D.remained
23．
A.expensive
B.effective
C.difficult
D.basic
24．
A.successfully
B.quietly
C.suddenly
D.nearly
25．
A.give up
B.put ff
C.carry ut
D.pay fr
26．
A.break
B.challenge
C.tip
D.chice
27．
A.repeat
B.value
C.present
D.frget
28．
A.hires
B.frces
C.equips
D.reminds
29．
A.cncern
B.hpe
C.hnur
D.weight
四、语法填空
30．It is imprtant fr us （have） a balanced, healthy diet.（所给词的适当形式填空）
31．We had t take a different path because the rad （repair）. （所给词适当形式填空）
32． FORMTEXT (enjy) a grander sight, yu must climb t a greater height. (所给词的适当形式填空)
33．My friend called me last night and said he （cme） t see me this weekend. （所给词的适当形式填空）
34．Yu wrk hard n yur lessns and yur effrts （reward） with success in the end. （所给词的适当形式填空）
35．They traveled with a famus scientist name ften appears in the newspaper. （用适当的词填空）
36．The canal played an imprtant rle in ancient China is nw being widened. （用适当的词填空）
37．One f the purpse f educatin is （develp） a fine persnality in children. （所给词的适当形式填空）
38．Reading a gd bk is like （talk） with a wise persn. （所给词的适当形式填空）
39．This is the best decisin I have ever made. （用适当的词填空）
五、书面表达
40．假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的外国笔友Jim听说中国的"春节"申遗成功,他发来邮件表示祝贺并希望了解更多。请你用英文给他回复,内容包括：
1.介绍中国人过春节的习俗；
2.说明春节的意义。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
六、选词填空
41．
1. Technlgy changes s fast that it’s hard t FORMTEXT it.
2. We FORMTEXT the warm weather and did sme yard wrk.
3. He FORMTEXT playing nline games last year, which seriusly affected his studies.
4. There are FORMTEXT bks in the library, s yu can always find smething interesting t read.
5. Every year, they FORMTEXT sme hliday pictures in the living rm t welcme the New Year.
6. The rm lks a bit crwded because the large sfa FORMTEXT t much f the living rm.
7. I FORMTEXT a jb at that famus cmpany yesterday and is nw waiting fr the reply.
8. She FORMTEXT her Granny’s bad cugh and she hpes it isn’t smething serius.
9. Recent studies shw that girls FORMTEXT be better at languages than bys.
10. It tk me an hur t FORMTEXT after the argument.
参考答案
1．答案： B
解析： 细节理解题。根据"Research"部分第一句"The Schl f Arts prvides an energetic envirnment fr teachers and students t develp their research and fcuses n building research excellence by imprving present and future strengths."可知,艺术学院为师生开展研究提供了充满活力的环境,所以学生在研究中能获得在充满活力的环境中学习的机会,B选项正确。A选项"艺术领域之外的各种资源",文中未提及；C选项"专注于创作艺术作品的不同团体",研究团体是教师一起分享研究项目,并非专注创作艺术作品,C错误；D选项"一个师生共同工作的中心",研究中心覆盖多个领域,未强调师生共同工作,D错误。
2．答案： A
解析： 推理判断题。由"Curses"部分"Our curses use bth classrm learning and creative practice t develp yur interests. They build independent thinkers wh think ut f the bx and prduce creative wrks."可知,课程通过课堂学习和创意实践来培养学生兴趣,塑造有创造性思维的独立思考者,能创作出有创意的作品,由此可推断学生学习这些课程后会发展他们的创作技能,A选项正确。B选项"为课堂学习做好准备",课程是利用课堂学习,并非为课堂学习做准备；C选项"需要上交他们的艺术作品",文中未提及；D选项"在艺术行业获得一份工作",只是说学生能为创意产业的不同工作做好准备,并非一定会获得工作。
3．答案： D
解析： 细节理解题。根据"Student Life"部分"Within the schl, there are always prjects yu can wrk n utside f yur chsen field f study. It culd be that yu wish t wrk with students learning ther subjects..."可知,在学院里,学生除了学习本专业课程,还可以参与其他领域的项目,与学习其他学科的学生合作,D选项正确。A选项"接受工作培训",文中未提及；B选项"管理所有学校俱乐部",文中说学院负责运营一些社团,并非学生管理所有俱乐部；C选项"与著名艺术家建立友谊",文中说的是与不同学科的学生建立友谊,并非著名艺术家。
4．答案： D
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段"Elizabeth was drawn t cancer research fr tw reasns： stries f children with cancer, like ‘Penn the Brave,’and her grandmther’s death frm cancer. She hped t relieve the pain f peple like them."可知,伊丽莎白从事癌症研究是因为看到患癌儿童的故事以及祖母因癌症去世,她希望减轻像他们这样的人的痛苦,即帮助癌症患者,所以选D。A选项"她听闻了很多关于它的事",文中未提及；B选项"因为这是她的科学项目主题",这是她研究的契机,并非原因；C选项"因为她父亲让她研究这个",父亲只是给她发了相关新闻报道,并非要求她研究。
5．答案： A
解析： 推理判断题。从第四段"Starting the prject tw years ag, Elizabeth fund reading riginal research papers t difficult, s she taught herself by reading bks, pen - surce papers and watching YuTube vides fr nn - prfessinal peple."可知,伊丽莎白开始项目时觉得阅读原始研究论文太难,只能通过面向非专业人士的书籍、开源论文和YuTube视频自学,这表明她面临的挑战是缺乏专业背景知识,所以选A。B选项"使用传统实验室受限",文中她是自己开发了通过软件研究遗传信息的方法,并非因为使用实验室受限；C选项"难以获得专业指导",她可以向在线小组求助,说明并非难以获得指导；D选项"上传遗传信息的繁重工作",这并非她遇到的主要挑战。
6．答案： B
解析： 推理判断题。文章提到伊丽莎白在朋友们放松时仍在研究,经历无数个深夜上传信息和分析RNA序列,面对困难多次想放弃但仍坚持,这些都体现了她的勤奋努力,所以选B。A选项"诚实的",文中未体现她这方面的品质；C选项"严格的",没有相关内容表明她对自己或他人严格；D选项"自信的",文章重点强调的是她的努力,而非自信。
7．答案： C
解析： 主旨大意题。文章讲述了16岁的伊丽莎白通过自己的努力在癌症研究方面取得成果,获得全国科学竞赛冠军和欧洲青年科学家竞赛一等奖,证明了年轻人也能有所作为,所以选C。A选项"众人拾柴火焰高",文章重点强调伊丽莎白个人的努力和成就,并非团队合作；B选项"新方法胜于汗水",文中重点不是强调新方法和汗水的对比；D选项"爱与理解是无价的",与文章主要内容不符。
8．答案： D
解析： 细节理解题。第二段"Nw, researchers have applied this idea, knwn as Dunbar’s number, t AI mdels and fund that the mst pwerful nes with the largest ‘brains’can manage grups f up t 1000.（现在,研究人员将被称为邓巴数字的这个概念应用于人工智能模型,并且发现那些拥有最大‘大脑’（最强大）的模型能够管理多达1000个的群体。）",可以看出应用邓巴数字是为了找出人工智能模型维持关系的限度,所以选D。
9．答案： D
解析： 推理判断题。第四段"The team fund that the high - end AI mdels like GPT - 4 Turb reached agreement every time. Yet cpies f smaller and less pwerful mdels like GPT - 3.5 Turb never reached agreement.（这个团队发现像GPT - 4 Turb这样的高端人工智能模型每次都能达成一致。然而,像GPT - 3.5 Turb这种较小且能力较弱的模型的副本从来没有达成过一致。）",表明人工智能模型在达成共识方面的表现和它们自身的能力有关,所以选D。
10．答案： B
解析： 推理判断题。第三段"They ran many cpies f the same AI mdel at nce, giving each an pinin n a prblem withut bvius answers. At each step f the experiment, they chse ne cpy by chance and tld it what pinin all the ther cpies held and why, and then asked if it wuld like t update its wn.（他们同时运行同一人工智能模型的许多副本,针对一个没有明显答案的问题给每个副本一个观点。在实验的每一步,他们随机选择一个副本,并告诉它所有其他副本的观点以及原因,然后询问它是否想要更新自己的观点。）",从这个实验过程可以推断出同一人工智能模型的副本缺乏独立思考的能力,所以选B。
11．答案： C
解析： 观点态度题。文章介绍了人工智能模型在群体互动中的表现,同时也提到了其他学者对于人工智能模型在解决问题等方面存在问题的观点,如"Philip Feldman at the University f Maryland, hwever, says AI mdels with a high Dunbar number may be able t reach agreement n a prblem, but that desn’t necessarily mean they will find a gd slutin.（然而,马里兰大学的菲利普·费尔德曼说,邓巴数字高的人工智能模型也许能够就一个问题达成一致,但这并不一定意味着它们会找到一个好的解决方案。）",说明作者对于人工智能模型在社会活动中的应用是比较谨慎的,所以选C。
12．答案： C
解析： 词义猜测题。第一段中"Since the early days f ppular culture, fans have been viewed with a dubtful reputatin, ften labeled as unreasnable r aberrant, presenting a threat t the scial rder r suggesting a kind f mental illness.（自流行文化早期以来,粉丝们就背负着可疑的名声,常常被贴上不合理或aberrant的标签,被认为对社会秩序构成威胁,或者暗示着某种精神疾病。）",根据"不合理""对社会秩序构成威胁""暗示精神疾病"等表述可推测,"aberrant"意思是"异常的,反常的",所以选C。
13．答案： A
解析： 推理判断题。从第三段"Fr many fans, being part f a fandm can be life - changing. One fan f Jane Austen, fr instance, described hw cnnecting with thers wh shared her lve f Jane Austen and perid dramas helped her thrugh a difficult time, saying, ‘I’ve finally fund my peple.’（对许多粉丝来说,成为粉丝群体的一员可能会改变人生。例如,一位简·奥斯汀的粉丝描述了与其他同样热爱简·奥斯汀和古装剧的人建立联系是如何帮助她度过一段艰难时期的,她说：‘我终于找到了志同道合的人。’）"以及第四段"Fans are drawn in by a cmmn interest, but they stay fr a hst f reasns： t be entertained, t braden their view, t experience a particular reality, t cnnect with like - minded thers...（粉丝们因共同的兴趣而被吸引,但他们留下来有很多原因：为了娱乐,为了拓宽视野,为了体验特定的现实,为了与志同道合的人建立联系……）"可知,粉丝群体促进了粉丝之间的联系和归属感,所以选A。
14．答案： D
解析： 标题归纳题。文章开篇提到粉丝群体早期被误解,名声不佳,之后阐述社会心理学家对粉丝文化的不同看法,表明粉丝群体能带来改变人生的体验,促进联系和归属感等积极影响,即从被误解到展现出积极力量,"Frm Misunderstd t Empwered： The True Impact f Fandms（从被误解到被赋予力量：粉丝群体的真正影响）"最能概括文章内容,所以选D。
15．答案： The relatinships with peple whm smene has lst tuch with ver time.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第一段"the relatinships with peple whm smene has lst tuch with ver time"可知,"lst"friendships指的是与随着时间推移而失去联系的人的关系,故答案为：The relatinships with peple whm smene has lst tuch with ver time.
16．答案： They had a fear f being rejected, wrried abut what t say, and feared that their friends had changed.
解析： 细节归纳题。从第二段"the desire t recnnect was ften balanced by a fear f being rejected"以及第三段"the peple wrried abut what t say, and they feared that the friend had changed"可知,人们犹豫与老朋友重新联系,是因为害怕被拒绝、担心不知说什么以及害怕朋友已经改变,故答案为They had a fear f being rejected, wrried abut what t say, and feared that their friends had changed.
17．答案：
Accrding t Aknin and Sandstrm, asking peple t engage with strangersreduced the chancesfr them t reach ut t their ldest friends.
Asking peple t start a cnversatin with strangers increased the chances f reaching ut t their ldest friends.
解析： 考查细节理解。根据文章最后一段"Sureenugh, theyfund thatasking peple t start a cnversatinwith strangers increased the chances f reachingut t their ldest friends.（果然,他们发现让人们与陌生人开始交谈增加了与老朋友重新联系的机会）"可知,原句中"reduced the chances（减少机会）"表述错误,应将其下划线,原因就是文中明确表明让人们与陌生人开始交谈是增加了与老朋友重新联系的机会,故答案为：Accrding t Aknin and Sandstrm, asking peple t engage with strangersreduced the chancesfr them t reach ut t their ldest friends.
Asking peple t start a cnversatin with strangers increased the chances f reaching ut t their ldest friends.
18．答案： T ease the nervusness f initiating a meet-up,I can start by cntacting them thrugh scial media.I can fllw up n ne f their mst recent psts t spark cnversatin abut what they're up t, gradually building the relatinship in a way that feels natural t me.
解析： 考查阅读表达。根据最后一段"Our scial cnfidenceseems like a muscle—the mre we use it, thestrnger it becmes. Wejust need t have thecurage t start（我们的社交自信就像肌肉一样,用得越多就越强壮,我们只需要有开始的勇气）""可知,社交自信就像肌肉一样,用得越多就越强壮,我们只需要有开始的勇气。因此,为了克服联系老朋友的恐惧,可以从增加社交自信入手,比如通过社交媒体联系对方,或者回忆过去美好的时光来增加信心等。故答案为T ease the nervusness f initiating a meet-up,I can start by cntacting them thrugh scial media.I can fllw up n ne f their mst recent psts t spark cnversatin abut what they're up t, gradually building the relatinship in a way that feels natural t me.
19．答案： talking； E； D； G； B
解析： ① 联系上文题。上文提到"While astrnauts n the Internatinal Space Statin have experimented with grwing salad leaves, the vast majrity f fd cnsumed in space is transprted frm Earth."（虽然国际空间站上的宇航员已经尝试种植生菜叶,但在太空中消耗的绝大多数食物都是从地球运来的。）,A选项"It wuld be impssible fr mre distant, lnger - lasting tasks."（对于更遥远、更持久的任务来说,这是不可能的。）,说明从地球运输食物对于远距离、长时间的太空任务不可行,这就是需要寻找新食物来源的原因,与上文衔接紧密,所以选A。
② 联系上文题。上文提到"But Pearce’s team has perfrmed similar experiments using bacteria t break dwn plastic frm leftver in army fd supply bags."（但皮尔斯的团队已经进行了类似的实验,利用细菌分解军队食品供应袋中的剩余塑料。）,E选项"They heated the plastic withut xygen and then fed this t a mixture f bacteria that eat carbn."（他们在无氧的情况下加热塑料,然后将其喂给一种食碳细菌的混合物。）详细说明了实验的具体操作步骤,与上文紧密相连,所以选E。
③ 联系下文题。下文提到"‘We did a nutritinal （营养 ） research and it turned ut t be almst a perfect fd,’ he says. ‘It turned ut that the bacteria mixture that we were using, mre r less, has a third each fr the three majr nutrients peple need.’"（"我们做了一项营养研究,结果发现它几乎是一种完美的食物,"他说。"结果发现,我们使用的细菌混合物,或多或少,对人类所需的三种主要营养物质各占三分之一。"）,D选项"While that might nt sund delicius, Pearce says the bacteria are well - suited fr human needs."（虽然这听起来可能不太美味,但皮尔斯说这种细菌很适合人类的需求。）引出下文对细菌营养价值的阐述,所以选D。
④ 联系上文题。上文提到"If the idea is sund, a 500 - metre - wide minr planet similar t Bennu, which NASA visited in 2020, culd feed between 600 and 17,000 astrnauts fr a year, says Pearce."（皮尔斯说,如果这个想法可行,一个与美国国家航空航天局2020年访问过的贝努小行星类似的500米宽的小行星,可以为600到17000名宇航员提供一年的食物。）,G选项"The exact number depends n hw effectively the bacteria can break dwn the minr planet’s carbn materials."（确切的数字取决于细菌分解小行星碳物质的效率。）解释了为什么提供食物的宇航员数量是一个范围,与上文衔接紧密,所以选G。
⑤ 联系上下文题。上文提到"A fully wrking minr planets fd prject wuld require an ‘industrial - sized smart machine’ in space. This wuld take a lng time t get everything in place."（一个完全可行的小行星食物项目需要在太空中有一台"工业规模的智能机器"。这需要很长时间才能把一切准备就绪。）,下文提到"They plan t start ff with cal and then mving t space rcks that have fallen t Earth."（他们计划从煤炭开始,然后转向落到地球上的太空岩石。）,B选项"S the researchers hpe t test the idea n a lwer level in the cming year."（所以研究人员希望在明年在较低水平上测试这个想法。）起到承上启下的作用,表明鉴于全面实施有难度,所以先进行低水平测试,所以选B。
20．答案： D
解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而,靠低薪生活限制了何塞展现慷慨的能力。A. prved证明；B. develped发展；C. suggested建议；D. limited限制。由"living n a lw - incme"可知,收入低使得他在帮助学生方面心有余而力不足,即限制了他展现慷慨的能力,所以选D。
21．答案： B
解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他渴望为学校的孩子们提供食物和快乐的未来,但缺乏实现这一目标的手段。A. time时间；B. means手段,方法；C. plan计划；D. drive驱动力。根据前文"lacked"以及"t make it happen"可知,他没有实现愿望的途径、方法,means符合语境,故选B。
22．答案： C
解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当"希望车队"把农业培训带到他的村庄时,一切都改变了。A. appeared出现；B. stpped停止；C. changed改变；D. remained保持。从后文何塞学习新技术并带来积极改变可知,"希望车队"到来后,情况发生了变化,changed符合语境,故选C。
23．答案： B
解析： 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他以前的方法被更有效的方法所取代,比如为旱季建立节水灌溉系统。A. expensive昂贵的；B. effective有效的；C. difficult困难的；D. basic基本的。由"replaced"以及"like setting up a water - saving irrigatin system fr the dry seasns"可知,新方法如节水灌溉系统等更有效,所以选B。
24．答案： A
解析： 考查副词词义辨析。句意：凭借新技能,何塞成功地在学校种了一个花园。A. successfully成功地；B. quietly安静地；C. suddenly突然地；D. nearly几乎。结合后文花园产出农产品等可知,他成功种出了花园,successfully符合语境,故选A。
25．答案： C
解析： 考查动词短语辨析。句意：何塞说："让我非常高兴的是,孩子们兴奋不已,迫不及待地要在花园里开展活动。"A. give up放弃；B. put ff推迟；C. carry ut开展,实施；D. pay fr支付。这里指孩子们急于在花园里进行相关活动,carry ut符合语境,故选C。
26．答案： A
解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：花园让何塞从日常压力中得到了喘息。A. break休息,喘息；B. challenge挑战；C. tip提示；D. chice选择。根据后文"frm daily stresses"以及"Maybe I had sme difficulties in the day, but when I start t water the plants"可知,在花园劳作能让他从压力中解脱出来,得到休息,a break frm...表示"从……中解脱出来",所以选A。
27．答案： D
解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许我白天遇到了一些困难,但当我开始给植物浇水时,我就忘记了这些问题。A. repeat重复；B. value重视；C. present呈现；D. frget忘记。由前文"a break frm daily stresses"可知,在花园的活动能让他暂时忘却烦恼,frget符合语境,故选D。
28．答案： C
解析： 考查动词词义辨析。句意："希望车队"的农业项目通过强化世界各地个人的技能,使人们有能力养活家人并回馈社区。A. hires雇佣；B. frces强迫；C. equips使具备能力；D. reminds提醒。通过培训农业技能,让人们有能力做这些事,equip sb. t d sth.表示"使某人具备做某事的能力",符合语境,故选C。
29．答案： B
解析： 考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如何塞所说："它成功地让孩子们露出了笑容,他们感受到了前进的希望。"A. cncern担忧；B. hpe希望；C. hnur荣誉；D. weight重量。结合前文"put a smile n children"可知,这一项目给孩子们带来积极影响,让他们有了前进的希望,hpe符合语境,故选B。
30．答案： t have
解析： 考查动词不定式的用法。"It is + adj. + fr sb. + t d sth."是一个常用的句型,其中it 作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。在这个句子中,"t have a balanced, healthy diet"是真正的主语,表示"拥有均衡、健康的饮食"这件事,对于我们来说是重要的。故填t have。
31．答案： was being repaired
解析： 考查过去进行时的被动语态。根据句子"We had t take a different path because the rad..."可知,这里表示因为道路正在被修理,所以我们不得不走另一条路。"was being repaired"是过去进行时的被动语态,结构为"was/were being + 过去分词",表示过去某个时刻正在进行的被动动作,在此处强调当时道路正在被修理的状态。故填was being repaired。
32．答案： T enjy
解析： 考查动词不定式作目的状语。"T enjy a grander sight"在这里作目的状语,意为"为了欣赏更壮观的景色",不定式短语置于句首,用来表明主句动作"yu must climb t a greater height"的目的,即你必须爬到更高的高度是为了欣赏更壮观的景色。故填T enjy。
33．答案： wuld cme
解析： 考查过去将来时。根据句子"My friend called me last night and said he..."可知,这里是一个宾语从句,主句用了一般过去时,从句表示过去某个时间（last night）之后的将来（this weekend）要发生的动作,所以要用过去将来时,其结构为"wuld + 动词原形"。故填wuld cme。
34．答案： will be rewarded
解析： 考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据句子"Yu wrk hard n yur lessns and yur effrts..."可知,这里表示你努力学习,你的努力最终将会得到成功的回报。"will be rewarded"是一般将来时的被动语态,其结构为"will be + 过去分词",强调努力会被回报,且是在将来发生的动作。故填will be rewarded。
35．答案： whse
解析： 考查定语从句的关系代词。在定语从句"whse name ften appears in the newspaper"中,"whse"引导定语从句,在从句中作定语,修饰先行词"a famus scientist",表示"这位著名科学家的名字",相当于"the famus scientist's"。故填whse。
36．答案： which/that
解析： 考查定语从句的关系代词。在句子"The canal... played an imprtant rle in ancient China is nw being widened."中,"which/that"引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,先行词是"the canal",指代运河,该定语从句修饰先行词,说明是在古代中国发挥重要作用的那条运河。故填which/that。
37．答案： t develp
解析： 考查非谓语动词。句意：教育的目的之一是培养孩子们良好的个性。分析句子可知,设空处位于be动词后,作表语,此处表目的,应用t d不定式。故填t develp。
38．答案： talking
解析： 考查动名词作宾语。"like"是介词,其后接动名词作宾语,"talking with a wise persn"表示"与一个智者交谈",整个短语作like 的宾语,意为"读一本好书就像和一个智者交谈一样"。故填talking。
39．答案： that
解析： 考查定语从句的关系代词。"This is the best decisin... I have ever made."中,"that"引导定语从句,修饰先行词"the best decisin",当先行词被最高级修饰时,通常用that 引导定语从句,在从句中作宾语（可省略）。故填that。
40．答案： Dear Jim,
Thank yu fr yur cngratulatins！ I’m excited t share mre abut Chunjiewith yu.
During the festival, it is a must t have a family reunin dinner n New Year’s Eve, where family members gather t enjy a feast featuring dishes like dumplings and fish. Besides, peple decrate huses with paper cuts and red lanterns t invite gd frtune. It is als a custm t set ff firewrks t scare away evil spirits and welcme the New Yearwith jy.
The meaning f Chunjieges beynd just celebratins. It’s a time t ring ut the ld and ring in the new. Mst imprtantly, it embdies the traditinal Chinese virtue f respecting ancestrs and emphasizing family unity.
I hpe this helps yu understand Chunjiebetter. Jin us in celebrating it if yu can！
Yurs,
Li Hua
解析： 本篇书面表达为一篇应用文。要求学生给外国笔友Jim写一封回信,向他介绍中国人过春节的习俗以及春节的意义。
1.词汇积累：
激动的：excited→thrilled
而且：besides→what's mre/additinally/in additin
强调：emphasize→put emphasis n/stress
高兴：jy→happiness/pleasure/delight
2.句式拓展：
原句：Mst imprtantly, it embdies the traditinal Chinese virtue f respecting ancestrs and emphasizing family unity.
拓展句：What is imprtant is that it embdies the traditinal Chinese virtue f respecting ancestrs and emphasizing family unity.
【高分句型1】During the festival, it is a must t have a family reunin dinner n New Year's Eve, where family members gather t enjy a feast featuring dishes like dumplings and fish. （运用了where引导非限制性定语从句以及现在分词作定语）
【高分句型2】It is als a custm t set ff firewrks t scare away evil spirits and welcme the new year with jy. （运用了it作形式主语和不定式作目的状语）
41．答案： keep up with； tk advantage f； was addicted t； avariety f； put up； takes up； applied fr； is cncerned abut； tend t； calm dwn
解析： 1. 考查短语辨析。句意：技术变化如此之快,很难跟上它。"keep up with"意思是"跟上,不落后",此处表示难以跟上技术快速变化的节奏,符合语境。
2. 考查短语辨析及时态。句意：我们利用温暖的天气,做了一些庭院工作。"take advantage f"意为"利用",结合后文"did sme yard wrk"可知,动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时,所以用tk advantage f。
3. 考查短语辨析及时态。句意：去年他沉迷于网络游戏,这严重影响了他的学业。"be addicted t"表示"对……上瘾,沉迷于",由"last year"可知时态为一般过去时,主语he是第三人称单数,所以用was addicted t。
4. 考查短语辨析。句意：图书馆里有各种各样的书,所以你总能找到有趣的东西来读。"a variety f"意为"各种各样的",用于修饰"bks",表示书的种类繁多。
5. 考查短语辨析及时态。句意：每年,他们都会在客厅张贴一些节日图片来迎接新年。"put up"有"张贴"之意,根据"Every year"可知,描述的是经常性的动作,用一般现在时,主语是they,所以用put up。
6. 考查短语辨析及时态和主谓一致。句意：这个房间看起来有点拥挤,因为这个大沙发占据了客厅太多空间。"take up"有"占据（空间、时间等）"的含义,句子描述的是一般情况,用一般现在时,主语"the large sfa"是第三人称单数,所以谓语动词用takes up。
7. 考查短语辨析及时态。句意：昨天我向那家著名的公司申请了一份工作,现在正在等待回复。"apply fr"表示"申请",由"yesterday"可知,时态为一般过去时,所以用applied fr。
8. 考查短语辨析及时态和主谓一致。句意：她担心她奶奶严重的咳嗽,希望不是什么严重的问题。"be cncerned abut"意思是"担心,关心",句子描述的是现在的状态,主语"She"是第三人称单数,所以用is cncerned abut。
9. 考查短语辨析及时态。句意：最近的研究表明,女孩往往比男孩更擅长语言。"tend t"表示"往往会,倾向于",这里陈述客观事实,用一般现在时,主语"girls"是复数,所以用tend t。
10. 考查短语辨析。句意：争吵之后我花了一个小时才平静下来。"calm dwn"意为"平静下来","It takes sb. + 时间 + t d sth."为固定句型,表示"做某事花费某人多长时间",t后接动词原形,所以用calm dwn。
apply fr calm dwn a variety f take up be cncerned abut
tend t keep up with take advantage f put up be addicted t