作业11　科学发明与创新类说明文--2025年高考英语大二轮复习（专练）

这是一份作业11　科学发明与创新类说明文--2025年高考英语大二轮复习（专练），文件包含作业11科学发明与创新类说明文--2025年高考英语大二轮复习强化专练教师版docx、作业11科学发明与创新类说明文--2025年高考英语大二轮复习强化专练学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共13页， 欢迎下载使用。
(每小题2.5分，满分30分)
A
(2022·全国乙)
Can a small grup f drnes(无人机) guarantee the safety and ①reliability f railways and，at the same time，help railway peratrs save billins f eurs each year? That is the very likely future f applying tday’s “eyes in the sky” technlgy t making sure that the millins f kilmetres f rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) wrldwide are safe fr trains n a 24/7 basis.
Drnes are already being used t examine ②high-tensin electrical lines.They culd d precisely the same thing t inspect railway lines and ther vital aspects f rail infrastructure such as the crrect psitin f railway tracks and switching pints.The mre regularly they can be inspected，the mre railway safety，reliability and ③n-time perfrmance will be imprved.Csts wuld be cut and peratins wuld be mre efficient acrss the bard.
That includes huge savings in maintenance csts and better prtectin f railway ④persnnel safety.It is calculated that Eurpean railways alne spend apprximately 20 billin eurs a year n maintenance，including sending maintenance staff，ften at night，t inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the crews’ effrts.
By using the latest technlgies，drnes culd als start prviding higher-value services fr railways，detecting faults in the rail r switches，befre they can cause any safety prblems.T perfrm these tasks，drnes fr rail dn’t need t be flying verhead.Engineers are nw wrking n a new cncept: the rail drnes f the future.They will be mving n the track ahead f the train，and prgrammed t run autnmusly.Very small drnes with advanced sensrs and AI and travelling ahead f the train culd guide it like a c-pilt.With their ability t see ahead，they culd signal any prblem，s that ⑤fast-mving trains wuld be able t react in time.
1.What makes the applicatin f drnes t rail lines pssible?
A．The use f drnes in checking n pwer lines.
B．Drnes’ ability t wrk at high altitudes.
C．The reductin f cst in designing drnes.
D．Drnes’ reliable perfrmance in remte areas.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Drnes are already being and switching pints.”可知，使用无人机检查电路使得无人机在铁路线上的应用成为可能。
2．What des the underlined wrd “maintenance” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．Persnnel safety.
B．Assistance frm drnes.
C．Inspectin and repair.
D．Cnstructin f infrastructure.
答案 C
解析 词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that rail infrastructure.”可知，maintenance指的是后文中的“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”，故选C。
3．What functin is expected f the rail drnes?
A．T prvide early warning.
B．T make trains run autmatically.
C．T earn prfits fr the crews.
D．T accelerate transprtatin.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Engineers are nw wrking be able t react in time.”可知，铁路无人机有望提前发出警报，使高速列车可以及时采取措施应对危险因素，避免事故发生。
4．Which is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．What Faults Can Be Detected with Drnes
B．Hw Prductin f Drnes Can Be Expanded
C．What Difficulty Drne Develpment Will Face
D．Hw Drnes Will Change the Future f Railways
答案 D
解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段第一句“Can a small grup billins f eurs each year？”和下文对无人机在铁路领域的应用的介绍以及对未来无人机的发展展望可知，在未来，无人机将会保证铁路的安全性和可靠性，或许会成为铁路安全的新未来。故D项最适合作为本文的标题。
B
(2021·新课标Ⅱ)
An Australian prfessr is develping a rbt t mnitr the health f grazing cattle，a develpment that culd bring big changes t a prfessin that’s relied largely n a lw-tech apprach fr decades but is facing a labr shrtage.
Salah Sukkarieh，a prfessr at the University f Sydney，sees rbts as necessary given hw ①cattlemen are aging.He is building a fur-wheeled rbt that will run n slar and electric pwer.It will use cameras and sensrs t ②mnitr the animals.A cmputer system will analyze the vide t determine whether a cw is sick.Radi tags(标签) n the animals will measure temperature changes.The quality f grassland will be tracked by mnitring the shape，clr and texture(质地) f grass.That way，cattlemen will knw whether they need t mve their cattle t anther field fr nutritin purpses.
Machines have largely taken ver planting，watering and harvesting crps such as crn and wheat，but the mnitring f cattle has gne thrugh fewer changes.
Fr Texas cattleman Pete Bnds，it’s increasingly difficult t find wrkers interested in watching cattle.But Bnds desn’t believe a rbt is right fr the jb.Years f experience in the industry—and failed attempts t use technlgy—have cnvinced him that the best way t check cattle is with a man n a hrse.Bnds，wh bught his first cattle almst 50 years ag，still has each f his cwbys inspect 300 r 400 cattle daily and lk fr signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see mre prmise in rbts.Michael Kelsey，vice president f the Oklahma Cattlemen’s Assciatin，said a rbt culd be extremely useful given rising cncerns abut cattle theft.Cattle tend t be kept in remte places and their value has risen，making them appealing targets.
5．What is a prblem with the cattle-raising industry?
A．Sil pllutin. B．Lack f wrkers.
C．Aging machines. D．Lw ③prfitability.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a prfessin that’s relied largely n a lw-tech apprach fr decades but is facing a labr shrtage”可知，养牛产业面临劳动力短缺的问题。故选B。
6．What will Sukkarieh’s rbt be able t d?
A．Mnitr the quality f grass.
B．Cure the diseased cattle.
C．Mve cattle t anther field.
D．Predict weather changes.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“The quality f grassland will be tracked by mnitring the shape，clr and texture(质地) f grass.”可知，Sukkarieh的机器人可以监测草的质量。故选A。
7．Why des Pete Bnds still hire cwbys t watch cattle?
A．He wants t help them earn a living.
B．He thinks men can d the jb better.
C．He is inexperienced in using rbts.
D．He enjys the traditinal way f life.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段第二、三句“But Bnds desn’t believe a rbt is right fr the jb.Years f experience in the industry—and failed attempts t use technlgy—have cnvinced him that the best way t check cattle is with a man n a hrse.”可知，Pete Bnds仍然雇用牛仔看牛是因为他认为人能做得更好。故选B。
8．Hw may rbts help with cattle watching accrding t Michael Kelsey?
A．Increase the value f cattle.
B．Bring dwn the cst f labr.
C．Make the jb mre appealing.
D．Keep cattle frm being stlen.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“Michael Kelsey Paris，vice president f the Oklahma Cattlemen’s Assciatin，said a rbt culd be extremely useful given rising cncerns abut cattle theft.”可知，用机器人帮助照看牛，可以防止牛被偷。故选D。
C
(2024·江西南昌一模)
Heman Bekele，a 14-year-ld student frm Annandale，Virginia，has created a bar sap t treat melanma，the mst cmmn kind f skin cancer，which earned him the title f America’s Tp Yung Scientist and a $25,000 cash prize after his innvatin wn first place in the 3M Yung Scientist Challenge.
“I made this sap by mixing regular medicinal sap with different cancer fighting chemicals.” Bekele said in an interview.Rather than a cure，Bekele’s sap aims t help the patient’s immune cells stay active while fighting melanma.
While similar methds are available fr skin cancer treatments，his slutin is a mre affrdable alternative，especially fr thse in develping cuntries.Thugh the prduct is very ①prmising n paper，studies wuld have t be carried ut t test its efficiency in the real wrld.
Fr nw，the yung scientist said he has a five-year plan: At the end f it，he hpes t have created a nnprfit rganizatin where he can prvide fair and accessible skin cancer treatment t as many peple as pssible.But t accmplish his gal，he wuld have t get his treatment thrugh clinical trials，btain a temprary patent and have it licensed by the Fd and Drug Administratin，he said.
“I applied fr the 3M Yung Scientist Challenge because I believe that yung minds can make a psitive impact n the wrld，”Bekele said.“I have always been interested in bilgy and technlgy，and this challenge gave me the perfect platfrm t ②shwcase my ideas.The pprtunity t wrk with 3M mentrs and shw my prject t judges was an exciting prspect.I am ③passinate abut finding sustainable slutins t glbal prblems，and I hpe t inspire thers t d the same.”
eq \x(语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种治疗黑色素瘤的肥皂。)
9．Why des Bekele invent the bar sap?
A．T deal with a kind f skin cancer.
B．T reduce the cst f making sap.
C．T change peple’s immune system.
D．T cmplete the task fr 3M challenge.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Heman cancer.(来自弗吉尼亚州安纳代尔的14岁学生赫曼·贝克勒发明了一种治疗黑色素瘤的肥皂，这是一种最常见的皮肤癌)”可知，贝克勒发明条形肥皂是为了治疗一种皮肤癌症。故选A。
10．What aspect f the sap des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A．Its making prcess.
B．Its wrking methd.
C．Its advantage.
D．Its develpment.
答案 C
解析 段落大意题。根据第三段“虽然也有类
似的方法可用于皮肤癌治疗，但他的解决方案是一种费用更低的替代方案，特别是对发展中国家的人来说。虽然该产品在纸面上很有前景，但还需要进行研究以测试其在现实世界中的效果”可知，第三段主要谈论肥皂的优势。故选C。
11．What is Bekele’s next plan fr his inventin?
A．T create a cmpany.
B．T get apprval by the authrity.
C．T prmte the sap in the market.
D．T wrk with a nnprfit rganizatin.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中“But t accmplish his and Drug Administratin，he said.(但他说，为了实现他的目标，他必须让他的治疗方法通过临床试验，获得临时专利，并获得美国食品和药物管理局的许可)”可知，贝克勒的下一个计划是得到当局的批准。故选B。
12．Which f the fllwing can best describe Bekele?
A．Innvative and ambitius.
B．Inspiring and tlerant.
C．Hnest and accessible.
D．Energetic and thughtful.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据首段和最后一段中“I have d the same.(我一直对生物和科技很感兴趣，这次挑战给了我一个展示我想法的完美平台。有机会与3M的导师一起工作，并向评委展示我的项目，这是一个令人兴奋的前景。我热衷于为全球问题寻找可持续的解决方案，我希望能激励其他人也这样做)”可知，贝克勒是一个勇于创新和雄心勃勃的人。故选A。
语篇解读 本文是说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元，无人机将改变铁路的未来。
语境猜词
①reliability(派)＝reliab(le)＋ility 可靠性
②high-tensin(合)＝high＋tensin高(电)压的
③n-time(合)＝n＋time准时的
④persnnel(派)＝persn＋n＋el全体人员，职员
⑤fast-mving(合)＝fast＋mving快速移动的
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测牧场牛的健康状况。
语境猜词
①cattleman(合)＝cattle＋man牧畜者，养牛者
②mnitr熟义：n.班长 生义(文义)：v.监视
③prfitability(派)＝prfit＋ab(le)＋ility盈利能力
语境猜词
①prmising(派)＝prmis(e)＋ing有希望的
②shwcase(合)＝shw＋case 展示
③passinate(派)＝passin＋ate热诚的，狂热的