中考英语一轮复习题型讲义第07讲 语法选择（讲义）（2份，原卷版+解析版）

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►第07讲 语法选择（讲义）【复习目标】 1.熟练掌握固定搭配、语法等知识2.掌握简单有效的解题策略和正确的解题步骤【考情分析】 语法选择命题规律 语法选择题与完形填空题类似，给出一篇短文，将短文中的一些单词或短语挖空作为考点。旨在考查学生在实际语言中运用语法知识的能力，着重在语篇的层面考查学生的语法分析能力，强调语法知识在实际语言中的正确运用。题型特点如下：1．选用材料一般为250词左右，多为记叙文，故事性比较强。2．考查形式是在一篇留有10个空的短文中，要求考生按照语法规则和上下文选择正确答案，每空1分，共10分。3．因为有特定的语境，因而难度不大，中考难度大约在0.55左右。4．通常情况下，语法选择的考查内容主要包括以下方面：名词、代词、数词、介词、连词、形容词和副词、冠词、情态动词、时态、被动语态、非谓语动词、词语辨析、宾语从句、定语从句和感叹句。对定语从句知识点的考查，中考难度不会偏离课本的要求，即只要求能辨认出由that，which，who引导的限定性定语从句，并能理解句子的意思。因此不要求盲目拔高定语从句的难度。【名师解难】1.答题前快速浏览全文，掌握语篇主旨大意和语篇特点，以便在语境中选择正确的答案。2.答题时以句子为单位，理解句意后，找准考点，弄清楚考查方向和意图，找出对答案有提示作用的单词、短语等。3.答题后要把答案代入空格中，复读全文，看看全文意思是否贯通，检查人称、时态、数等是否前后一致，最后确定答案。语法选择常考语法连词考查频率最高的是but,so,or,and, although, though,both, either neither,all的用法。判断文章前后的逻辑关系即可。but表示转折关系;s表示因果关系;or,或者、否则之意。and表示并列关系; though/although:表示虽然是,不能与but连用。both-and:表示两者都; either--or:表示两者之一; neither-nor表示两者中没有一个;all表示全部都,用于三者以上。介词考查固定搭配。考查频率最高的介词:on,in,at,for用在时间前的用法,with, without的用法冠词a,an,the的区别介词常考on,in,at,for用在时间前的用法,with, without的用法。at:用于具体时刻、传统节日前,例如: at8:00; at Christmas.固定搭配: at noon, at night. in:用于世纪、年、季节、月等不具体的时间前,例如:in2011固定搭配: in the morning/ afternoon/evening on:用于具体的某一天,或具体的早上、下午、晚上。for:后面十一段时间,现在完成时的标志with:与.一起,和.带着,有.的;以(手段、材料),用(工具) without:没有形容词若选项出现ed、ing一般考查的是分词作形容词的用法:ed是修饰人,一ing是修饰事物,只要会判断主词语,即可选对。形容词后置; other, the other, others, the others-other-, the oth er/分别为“其他的”、“其余的”的意思,后面跟名词, others、 the others分别为“其他人/东西”,“其余的人/东西”已经是名词,有the,说明是在一定范围内。副词若选项出现一ly结尾的,可以判定该空格考查副词的运考副词，在该句子中,空格前有动词,则要用副词修饰。代词人称代词,动词介词后用宾格;空格后有名词,用形容词所有格,没有名词则用名词所有格;反身代词常考 enjoy oneself/ help yourself/ dress oneself/ teach oneself不定代词 something, every thing, anything nothing被形容词修饰时的区分。语法选择的解题技巧1.语境考虑法。 单项填空题多为截取的生活场景,句式灵活,用词地道,用语言来解决实际生活中的问题。做题时一定要全面捕捉题干信息,把握好语言环境,切中句子意思,抓住上下文语境,领会句子的言外之意,然后对各个选项进行比较筛选,从中确定最佳答案。2.固定搭配法。 单项填空题常会涉及一些固定短语、固定结构及习惯用法等,对此类题我们可以在理解句意的基础上,根据习惯表达方式直接选出答案。例如: Every one of you is looking forward getting a good result. Better think carefully before writing down your answers. Wish yousuccess ！ A. on B. in C. to D. for 答案分析:C。句意:你们每个人都期盼有一个好的结果。在写答案前想清楚比较好。祝你们成功! look forward to doing sth.意为“期盼做某事”,是固定词组。3.关键词法。 有些单项填空题在题干中含有或暗含一些关键词,它们对于快速而准确地选出答案起着至关重要的作用。抓住这些关键词去理解句意,往往会使我们的问题迎刃而解。例如: He hardly hurt himself in the accident, ？ A. doesn't he B. didn't he C. did he D. does he 答案分析:C。该題中 hardly与hurt是起关键词作用的词。反意疑问句中,陈述部分含有 hardly, never, little,,few等表示否定意义的词时,疑问部分用肯定形式;而hurt一词的过去式与原形相同,此处hurt未加-s,应为过去式。因此本题应选C项。4.比较法。 运用所学的语法知识,认真比较四个选项,对其进行时态、语态、语气、非谓语形式及同义词比较后,选出正确答案。例如: The famous man in china for ten years. A died B. was dead C. has been dead D. has died 答案分析:C。由 for ten years可以断定要用现在完成时。died和 was dead是一般过去时,因此排除A、B两项。de是非延续性动词,在完成时中与表示一段时间的词连用时,必须转化为延续性动词形式 be dead。5.逻辑推理法 有的题目从语法上看并没有错,但句意不合逻辑。因此,做此类题时,就需要根据逻辑推理来选出正确答案。例如 There are people in the street because it is very late. A. a little B. little C.few D. a few 答案分析:C。 a little和 little不能用来修饰 people,因此排除A、B两项。few和a few都可以修饰 people,但D项在意思上不合逻辑。故答案为C项。6.前后照应法。 此法要求答题前首先弄清题干的真正意思,然后根据备选项与题干的上下联系,捕捉暗含的信息,前后照应,最后选出正确答案。例如: Mr. Gan is a teacher. He works in a new . A shop B.school C. factory D. hospital 答案分析:B。如果我们不看题干的一部分,四个选项均可但根据题干的前平句“高先生是一位教师”,即可确定答案为B项。7.排除法 排除法是使用频率最高的方法之一。此种方法是指在理解句意的基础上结合句子结构词语用法等逐个排除错误的选项,从而得出正确答案。例如: —Would you like some drinks, boys? —yes, ,please. A .some oranges B. two boxes of apples C. some cakes D. two bottles of coke答案分析:D。句意:“孩子们,想来点喝的吗?”“是的,请来两瓶可乐。”问句询问是否需要喝的,而 oranges, apples, cakes均为吃的东西,故可排除AB、C三项。【Tips】①正确把握语境：当我们孤立地看留空格时往往难以抉择，但将上下句联系起来，就能轻松破题。因此，做语法选择时要正确把握语境。②记住固定搭配：同学们在平时需要注意积累常见的固定句式、名词与形容词的搭配等等，这对解题十分有利。③分析句子逻辑：根据复合句和并列句的知识，句子与句子之间有着不同的逻辑关系，或是从属关系，或是并列关系。从句子的意义和逻辑关系来看，从句可表示时间、原因、条件、结果、目的等，句子之间可以是并列关系、递进关系、转折关系等。④利用对称结构：同学们在做题过程中要善于利用 and，but 等连词。若连接的是动词，则几个动词应该是同一时态或形式。（一）（2023·广东东莞·统考三模）Once upon a time, there was an old woman. Her son was really lazy and did nothing at all. The old woman became 1 about his future. One day, she said to her son, “I hope you can go to this island and find some treasure.” After saying that, she gave 2 son a bag. It was her son’s 3 time to go to a place so far away. So she prepared some food, some clothes, some money and a map in the bag. The son started the long journey the next day. During the long journey, he had to cook meals for himself. 4 his way to the island, he met many people. Some of them helped him. Three months 5 , he got to the island. 6 , he could not find any treasure. He felt quite sad and began to return home. On his way back home, he could 7 look after himself. And surprisingly, he met those people 8 helped him before. This time he stayed with them for a few days and helped them with some farm work. When he got home, he told his mother that he could not find any treasure. His mother smiled and said, “My son, to be honest, there is no treasure in 9 island. But I think you 10 the most valuable treasure in life already. This is something you can only learn through the course of life.”1．A．worry B．worries C．worried2．A．she B．her C．hers3．A．the first B．one C．first4．A．On B．In C．At5．A．ago B．later C．after6．A．But B．However C．Because7．A．easily B．easy C．easier8．A．which B．who C．when9．A．a B．an C．the10．A．will find B．have found C．find（2023·广东佛山·统考三模）During the Eastern Han Dynasty（25—220）there was a government official （官员） named Yang Zhen. One day Yang ran into 11 old workmate of his—Wang Mi during a trip. In the past, Yang 12 Wang’s talent and promoted（提拔）him. Wang had always kept Yang’s help 13 mind. He was so 14 to him that he invited Yang to stay over for the night. It was near midnight when Wang knocked on the 15 of Yang’s bedroom. When the door 16 , Wang handed Yang a bag and said, “This is to thank you for teaching me and leading me 17 who I am today.” Yang looked in the bag. 18 was full of gold. “Do I look like a person who accepts bribes（贿赂）? I thought you knew me well,” Yang said 19 . “It’s late at night. No one will know 20 we keep it a secret.” Wang said. “What do you mean no one would know? Heaven knows, Earth knows, you know and I know,” Yang said. Wang left the room in shame.11．A．a B．an C．the12．A．recognised B．recognises C．has recognised13．A．on B．in C．at14．A．thankful B．more thankful C．the most thankful15．A．door’s B．doors C．door16．A．is opened B．was opened C．opened17．A．becoming B．become C．to become18．A．Its B．Itself C．It19．A．angry B．angrily C．anger20．A．if B．until C．although（2023·广东珠海·校考三模）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目的选项涂黑。When millions of graduates left university and became busy finding a job, 23-year-old Yu Yanqia of Lisu ethnic group（傈僳族）, graduating from Kunming Medical University, had already made 21 decision to serve as a local medical worker in her hometown. “The moment I became a college student, I decided to work 22 my hometown,” she said. Back in 2007, 23 Yu was a little girl, the Nujiang River in her hometown separated her village from the outside world. Like other people living here, the 8-year-old girl and her friends had to use a pulley（滑轮） 24 the river down a steel cable（钢索）to get to school every day. One day, a photo on the Internet 25 showed her crossing the river in red brought her great attention. Then, the first bridge 26 over the Nujiang River, near her school. From then on, Yu and her classmates no 27 had to risk their lives to go to school. In 2018, Yu 28 entered the Second Clinical Medical College of Kunming Medical University with a score of 568 points. She became 29 first child in her village to enter college. While Yu was on the road to further study, great changes took place in her hometown. New 30 were built on the riverside, roads led to the villages and more modern bridges opened to the traffic.21．A．she B．her C．hers22．A．in B．on C．by23．A．when B．because C．until24．A．cross B．to cross C．crossing25．A．where B．that C．what26．A．is built B．is building C．was built27．A．long B．longer C．longest28．A．successfully B．succeed C．successful29．A．a B．an C．the30．A．house B．houses C．house’s（2023·广东江门·校考一模）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。A businessman (商人) went to see the doctor. He told the doctor that he couldn’t 31 at night. The doctor examined (检查) him 32 , and said, “Your problem is that you need to relax. Just go to do some enjoyable things. Don’t worry too much about 33 work. What do you usually do to relax yourself?”The businessman thought for 34 minutes and then said, “Well, I don’t even have time to relax.” That was 35 surprising answer to the doctor.The doctor looked 36 the businessman and said, “That is your main problem, you see. It’s OK to work hard, but you should learn 37 . Why don’t you do something you are really interested in? Why don’t you go on a trip? The scenes (风景) are beautiful: high mountains, thick forests and a lot of wild 38 along the way. 39 why don’t you learn to paint? That’s much easier.”“All right, I’ll try.” the businessman said.The next day he called the doctor and said, “That was a very good idea, doctor. Thank you very much. I 40 fifteen pictures since I saw you yesterday.”31．A．sleeping B．sleep C．slept32．A．careful B．careless C．carefully33．A．you B．your C．yours34．A．little B．a little C．a few35．A．a B．an C．/36．A．at B．for C．into37．A．to dream B．dreaming C．to relax38．A．song B．songs C．flowers39．A．Because B．Or C．But40．A．paint B．painted C．have painted（2023·广东佛山·统考三模）Yue Fei lived during the Song Dynasty (960–1279). As a general, he led 41 army to win many wars. In 1125, the Jin army from the north 42 the Song Empire and tried to take control of its central lands. Yue made a decision 43 the enemy.Before he set out, his mother asked him, “Right now our country is facing 44 difficulties than before, so what do you plan to do?” “Serve 45 country with the greatest loyalty (忠心),” said Yue.That was what his mother hoped her son would do. She decided to tattoo (给……纹身) the words onto her 46 back so that he would not easily forget them.She asked, “My child, your back will be quite 47 when being tattooed. Are you afraid?” Yue answered, “Mother, a little pain is nothing. 48 I were afraid of the pain of tattooing, how could I go to war on the front lines?”Keeping his words 49 mind, Yue beat the Jin army many times. Sadly, Yue 50 because of Qin Hui. But his spirit was passed on to later generations.41．A．himself B．his C．him42．A．attack B．attacked C．has attacked43．A．fight B．fighting C．to fight44．A．serious B．more serious C．the most serious45．A．/ B．a C．the46．A．son B．sons C．son’s47．A．pain B．painful C．painfully48．A．If B．Because C．Unless49．A．in B．with C．of50．A．killed B．is killed C．was killed（2023·广东广州·华南师大附中校考三模）I have been afraid of water in my whole life. At the age of 34, I didn’t have 51 memory of ever enjoying water. Even walking around the edge of 52 pool was uncomfortable for me. 53 I hid my fear in order to save face, and few people knew 54 .I 55 not forget the last summer 56 I spent with my sister Lori learning swimming. After taking baby steps for many days, I 57 by her down the gentle slope into the pool. She was encouraging me 58 a step deeper, and then another. I had gone 59 several swimming lessons. Every time, when the water 60 my chest, Lori would quickly realize that I was almost to my limit. I breathed a sigh of relief and turned to walk back out the shallow end.“Let’s try going this way.” Lori said.I was shocked as I understood what she meant. She wanted me to walk along the edge of the pool to the opposite end. I saw the blue-painted block numbers. Five and a half feet? No way!“Just try it!” Lori pressed.As the water 61 increased. I moved more and more slowly. As we neared the 62 mark, my progress was 63 difficult that I tried to move forward. I did it! I stood on the floor of the far end of the pool, enjoying cheers and applause from fellow swimmers. Sometimes, 64 deal of all is to walk into something you are afraid of and come out a winner at the end, no matter 65 long it takes to get there.51．A．some B．every C．any D．no52．A．a B．an C．the D．/53．A．Though B．But C．Unless D．If54．A．them B．its C．these D．it55．A．can B．must C．should D．may56．A．when B．who C．that D．where57．A．am led B．lead C．led D．was led58．A．taking B．take C．taken D．to take59．A．for B．away C．through D．by60．A．reaches B．reached C．has reached D．is reaching61．A．depth B．deep C．deeply D．deepen62．A．five foot B．five-feet C．five-foot D．five foot’s63．A．too B．so C．very D．such64．A．big B．bigger C．more bigger D．the biggest65．A．how B．which C．what D．whether（2023·陕西西安·西安市铁一中学校考模拟预测）Thursday      July 3rd        SunnyToday was the third day of our trip. My parents and I walked fifteen miles to reach a faraway village. We wanted to rent（租赁） 66 house there. There was only one empty house.We found out the owner. He told us not 67 it.No one liked to live there for there was a ghost（鬼）. But dad said it could be one of our exciting 68 in our trip and we had that house at last.At night, we quickly fell asleep 69 we were too tired after a day’s walk. Suddenly, I felt I 70 by a cold hand. I got up and felt scared. No, it was no ghost but mom. But she was shaking. I asked 71 . She said nothing but pointed to the window. Yes, somebody seemed to be moving about. The sound was sometimes on the top of the house and 72 on the ground. Even it seemed to fly through the air. We were all too scared to move. After some time, dad and I made up our mind to go out and 73 .But when dad opened the door. I felt even 74 . I heard the sound as before, but saw no one. And then suddenly all was clear. There was an owl flying about. Someone had tied bells 75 its legs, which made a sound whenever it moved. We had a good laugh and went to sleep.What an unforgettable experience it was!66．A．a B．an C．the D．/67．A．buy B．to buy C．take D．to take68．A．secret B．secrets C．experience D．experiences69．A．although B．before C．because D．unless70．A．touch B．am touched C．touched D．was touched71．A．why did she touch me B．why she touched me C．how did she touch me D．how she touched me72．A．hardly B．usually C．always D．sometimes73．A．see B．saw C．hear D．heard74．A．scared B．more scared C．interested D．more interested75．A．to B．for C．from D．with（一）（2023·广东广州·统考中考真题）It was a beautiful spring day in a forest in ancient China. High up in a tree, a mother bird was watching 76 six baby birds come out of the eggs lovingly. Five of them were strong. They chirped loudly. But 77 last one that came out was not strong at all. This little one 78 Little Six. He was weak and quiet. He was not fast enough 79 the worms (虫子) Mama Bird brought back. Little Six ate 80 food, so he was always hungry. And he didn’t like that.Little Six didn’t have a strong body. 81 he had a strong will. He decided 82 he would get stronger. He would do exercises and flap (拍动) his wings every day.Every morning, Little Six would rise 83 the sun even came up. When his brothers and sisters woke, Little Six had already finished all his exercises. Morning after morning, he practiced 84 his wings, and they were getting stronger and stronger. He always got the first worms Mama brought back home.All through the spring, Little Six woke up 85 than his brothers and sisters. Week after week, he worked harder than they did. He 86 eat big meals and did not go hungry any more.After a couple of months, all the baby birds had grown well. Mama Bird brought them together and 87 them to fly. 88 everyone’s surprise, Little Six was the first to start flying!“Chirp! Chirp! 89 at me!” Little Six cried 90 while his brothers and sisters still fought hard, trying to fly up.76．A．she B．her C．hers D．herself77．A．a B．an C．the D．/78．A．called B．was calling C．was called D．were called79．A．get B．got C．getting D．to get80．A．little B．few C．much D．many81．A．and B．but C．because D．so82．A．what B．why C．when D．that83．A．before B．after C．until D．if84．A．flap B．to flap C．flapping D．flapped85．A．early B．earlier C．earliest D．the earliest86．A．could B．might C．should D．must87．A．teach B．teaches C．taught D．will teach88．A．In B．To C．For D．At89．A．Look B．Looks C．To look D．Looking90．A．happy B．happier C．happiness D．happily（2023·广东·统考中考真题）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。David is a 15-year-old boy and he is crazy about space. He always wonders how space stations work. For him, a space camp is 91 than any other camp in the world.At the age of seven, David had 92 first astronaut (宇航员) training experience. He and his parents 93 to a Family Space Camp. They had a taste of what it was like to travel 94 space. Everything was magical. 95 excited David was!David has been to many space camps over the last eight years. Last month, he went to 96 new space camp. It had a lot of fun training programs, 97 he enjoyed all of them. There he was often asked 98 he liked space camps so much. “I feel like a real astronaut in the space camp, and I don’t even need 99 the earth,” he said.These experiences have influenced his life. Now David 100 space science. He has made up his mind to be a space engineer in the future.91．A．great B．greater C．the greatest92．A．he B．him C．his93．A．invited B．are invited C．were invited94．A．on B．in C．for95．A．How B．What C．What an96．A．a B．an C．the97．A．or B．but C．and98．A．why B．when C．where99．A．leave B．leaving C．to leave100．A．study B．is studying C．was studying目录一复习目标掌握目标及备考方向二考情分析语法选择中考考情分析三语法选择的考向熟练掌握固定搭配、语法等知识2.掌握简单有效的解题策略和正确的解题步骤3.提升必考题型归纳四真题感悟中考语法选择经典考题精选