高考英语语法一轮复习教案——强调句和倒装句

强调句和倒装句 倒装是一种语法手段。在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时谓语的全部或一部分却提到主语的前面，这种语序叫做倒装。倒装的原因，一是语法结构的需要，一是为了强调。强调句为了使句子的某一个成分受到强调，改变句子结构。 高考重点要求：1、    掌握部分倒装，全部倒装的句型及倒装形式2、    掌握倒装句的都中使用方式 第一节                          知识点概述一、强调句为了突出某一部分重要信息，常常借用语法中的变换句子的正常语序，将某个成分置于句首或句末，或者通过词汇手段突出句子的某个成分。    1. it 为先行词的强调结构It was Li Ping who told me the news. (强调人时才能用who)It was in the park that I met him. (强调地点不能用where，只能用that)It was yesterday that I saw him off at the airport. (强调时间不能用when，只能用that)2. 助动词do 的强调作用在行为动词作谓语的句子中，常用“助动词do或did” + 谓语“动词原形”表示强调语气。例如：She did go to see him yesterday.      We do have four lessons in the morning.二、倒装句句子的排列顺序，通常是主语在前，谓语在后。倒装语序，谓语在前，主语在后。陈述句一般都是自然语序，一般疑问句都是倒装语序。例如：He speaks English.(陈述句，自然语序)      Does he speak English?(疑问句倒装语序)倒装语序：全部倒装，整个谓语放在主语之前。部分倒装，谓语中需要强调的是一部分放在主语之前，其他部分仍放在主语之后。倒装语序的作用，着重强调部分放在句首，引人注目。变化句子，使句子生动活泼。例如：The bus comes home.(自然语序)      Here comes the bus.(倒装语序)倒装句除疑问句及“there + be “句之外，陈述句为了强调谓语或谓语某个部分也常可用倒装句，另外so,neither,no等词经常用于对话简略答语的句首，用倒装语序避免重复。 第二节 实战演练一、复习时需注意的要点1. 全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
例如：Here he comes.　　　　Away they went. 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。例如：Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.—It's raining hard.　　—So it is. 2、only在句首要倒装的情况 例如：Only in this way, can you learn English well.Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.  3、在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。例如：Were I you, I would try it again. 4、只有当Not only…but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only…but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。例如：Not only you but also I am fond of music. 二、历届高考试题分析例1、The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once ________with each other.A. they had quarrelled       B. they have quarrelledC. have they quarrelled        D. had they quarreled答案选C。【解析】  考部分主谓倒装。否定句(如该句中的never)在句首时，应用部分主谓倒装。这类副词有：never ,hardly ,seldom ,scarcely，little等。这句话的意思是：那对老夫妇结婚已经四十年了，连一次架也没吵过。 例2、Never before ____ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.  A. has this city been      B. this city has been  C. was this city      D. this city was答案：A【解析】 表示否定含义的副词never 放句首用部分倒装。
例3、Only in this way_________ to make improvement in the operating system.A. you can hope      B. you did hope      C. can you hope      D. did you hope 答案为C。【解析】  在含有only+状语的句子中，谓语动词要进行倒装。这句话的意思是：只有用这种方法，才能改善操作系统。 例4、I feel it is your husband who _______ for the spoiled child.
A. is to blame    B. is going to blame   C. is to be blamed    D. should blame答案为A。【解析】  be to blame是固定短语，意思是“该受责备”。这是一个强调句，强调主语your husband。这句话的意思是：我感觉惯坏孩子该怨你的丈夫。一些考生只注意到blame是及物动词，误选了is to be blamed,这表示将要发生的事，与语义不符。 例5、—You forgot your purse when you went out.—Good heavens, _______.
A. so did I        B. so I did         C.I did so         D.I so did答案为B。【解析】  “so+正装句”的意思是“是的”，表示同意别人所说的话。所提供的情境Good heaven说明自己确实在出门时忘了带钱包，所以回答说：“so I did.”。so I did的意思是“我确实忘了带钱包。”注意区别so I did, so did I, I did so。例：①“He sang this song just now.”—“So did I.”(我也是)②The doctor told me to breathe deeply.“I did so”.(我照着医生的吩咐做了深呼吸)③“You forget to post the letter for me.”—“So I did.”(我的确忘了邮信了)。
例6、Not only ________interested in football but ________ beginning to show an interest in it.A. the teacher himself is…all his students areB. the teacher himself is…are all his studentsC. is the teacher himself…are all his studentsD. is the teacher himself…all his students are答案为D。【解析】  Not only… but…引导的句子前一部分要用倒装。这句话的意思是：不仅老师对足球感兴趣，学生们也开始对足球感兴趣了。   例7、So difficult ________it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well.A. I have felt     B. have I felt       C. I did feel       D. did I feel答案为D。【解析】  以“so+形容词”开头的句子要倒装。此句变为不倒装句为：I felt it so difficult to live in an English country that I determined to learn English well.这句话的意思是：在一个说英语的国家里生活那么困难，我决定学习英语。 例8、_______can you expect to get a pay rise.A. With hard work            B. Although work hardC. Only with hard work       D. Now that he works hard答案为C。
【解析】  Only+介词短语(副词、状语从句)+部分倒装。  例9、Only when the war was over ________to his hometown.A. did the young soldier returnB. the young soldier returnedC. returned the young soldierD. the young soldier did return 答案为A。【解析】  only+状语或状语从句作状语时主句要进行倒装。本句是only+时间状语从句，所以后接的主句要倒装。这句话的意思是：直到战争结束后，这个年轻的战士才得以返回故乡。   例10、An awful accident ________, however, occur the other day.A. does         B. did         C. has to         D. had to答案为B。【解析】  这是一个对谓语强调的句子。时间状语the other day表示过去，所以要用一般过去时。由于在主语和谓语中间插入了however，增加了试题的难度。注意：对谓语强调句子必须用于肯定句的一般时中，在谓语动词前加did, does或do。            第三节 巩固练习 Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence. 1. Here          you want to see.A. comes the comrade       B. comes a comrade  C. the comrade comes       D. is coming a comrade2. Now          your turn to keep guard.  A. there is     B. is going     C. comes       D. has come3. Spring begins in March, then          .  A. April and May come      B. April is coming  C. come April and May      D. is April coming4. He has finished his work,          .  A. I have finished so        B. so finished I  C. so can I                D. so have I5. He can hardly drive a car,          .  A. so can’t I   B. can’t I either C. I can’t too    D. neither can I6.          than they started to work.  A. No sooner they had got to the plant B. No sooner did they get to the plant  C. No sooner had they got to the plant D. As soon as they got to the plant7. Not until Mr. Smith came to China          what kind of a country she is.  A. did he know  B. he knew  C. he didn’t know  D. he could know8. Across the river          .  A. lies a new built bridge       B. lies a newly built bridge  C. a new built bridge lies       D. a newly built bridge lies9. So fast          that it’s difficult for us to imagine its speed.  A. light travels     B. travels the light  C. do light travels    D. does light travel10. Not only          the data fed into it, but it can also analyse them.  A. can the computer memorize     B. the computer can memorize  C. do the computer memorize      D. can memorize the computer11.          talk about the importance of English study.  A. Little need I  B. Little I need  C. Little did I need  D. Little I needed12.          ill-mannered,          the laziest and most irresponsible creature you could ever hope to meet.  A. Not only is he … but he is also B. Not only is he … but also is he  C. Not only he is … but also is he D. Not only be he … but also he be13.          got outside than it began to rain.  A. Not sooner I had       B. No sooner had I  C. No sooner I           D. I no sooner had got14.          did Anne realize that there was danger.  A. On entering the store   B. After he had entered the store  C. Only after entering the store  D. As soon as he entered the store15. Very seldom          that two clocks or watches exactly agree.  A. you find  B. you will find  C. you do find    D. do you find16. You think everything will be all right in time.          .  A. So I do      B. So I think    C. Nor do I       D. So do I17. Little          that John would become a famous writer.  A. we thought   B. we think   C. did we think   D. we think of18. My brother had a bad cold last week,          .  A. so had I    B. so I had     C. so did I      D. so I did19. Not only          to New York but also          there for a time.  A. has he been … he worked     B. has he been … did he work  C. he has been … did he work    D. he has gone … did he work20. Not only a writer but also          here.  A. a doctor were wanted         B. were a doctor wanted  C. a doctor was wanted          D. was a doctor wanted21. It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages          attracted the audience’s interest.  A. so that      B. what   C. in which        D. that22. Neither          read, nor          to write.  A. can he … can he             B. can he … he can  C. he can…. Can he             D. he can … he can23. Not Until          the work          to bed.  A. did he finish … he went       B. he finished … he went  C. he finished … did he go       D. he finished … had he gone24. It was a year ago          I first met him here.  A. which    B. that      C. in which      D. when   25. Who is it          is waiting outside the room?  A. who      B. whom      C. which       D. that    26. It was not until 11 o’clock          the experiment.  A. did he finish              B. that he finished  C. when they finished         D. that did he finish27. Barely had they seated themselves hurriedly in the theatre _____ the curtain went up.A. than      B. when      C. as soon as      D. before28. I’d rather stay at home than go to see a film,          .  A. neither had he             B. neither would he  C. so had he                 D. so would he29. Often          the girl sing in her room.  A. hears he   B. he hears    C. does he hear   D. does hears he30. On the top of the hill          where I once visited the monk.  A. a temple stands        B. does a temple stand  C. a temple stands there    D. stands a temple31. Was it because he was ill          he asked for leave?  A. and     B. that     C. that’s      D. so32. Is it in that factory          this kind of cat is made?  A. in which    B. where     C. that      D. which33. Not a single song          at yesterday’s party.  A. she sang    B. sang she   C. did she sing    D. she did sing34. Not only _____ their money, but they were also in danger of losing their lives.  A. lost they   B. they lost   C. did they lose   D. they did lose35. Barely          time to catch the bus.  A. did he has    B. he has     C. has he     D. did he have36. On the stairs          in red.a small dark-haired girl was sittingwas sitting a small dark-haired girlsitting a small dark-haired girl waswas a small dark-haired girl sitting37. “May I use your calculator”   “          .”  A. Here is it      B. Here are you  C. Here the calculator is    D. Here you are         hot is the sun that we cannot go out at present.A. Very        B. Too          C. So         D. Such39.          do I get invited into his office.  A. Only     B. Rarely   C. Not only      D. Never before40. A few miles further on           .  A. the city lies of Springfield   B. does the city of Springfield lie  C. lies the city of Springfield     D. where lies the city of Springfield41. Which sentence is right?A. Do the great Chinese people live long !  B. Long live the great Chinese people !C. Long will the great Chinese people live ! D. Long live for the great Chinese people !42. Which sentence is right.May you succeed !         B. You may succeed!C. Succeed may you !          D. Succeed you may!43. Very important in the farmers’ life           . A. the radio weather report is  B. the radio weather report has been C. is the radio weather report   D. have been the radio weather report44. His parents are always strict with him . Only after           his homework          to go out and play with his friends.A. he has finished , was he allows he has finished , he is allowed  he had finished , was he allowedhe finished , is he allowed45. Only in this way           expect to get over so many difficulties .A. we are sure to    B. can we   C. that we can   D. that can we 46. Was it during the Second World War _____ his family all died?  A. that      B. then     C. when      D. in which47. I really don’t know _____ it was that answered the phone this morning.  A. why      B. who     C. how     D. whether48. It was ten years ____ he returned to his hometown and set out to revenge his dead father.  A. since      B. that     C. before       D. when49.Beneath our feet _____ that our life depends on for food and clothing.  A. the earth lay     B. the earth lies C. lies the earth     D. does the earth lie 50. He’ll never succeed ,          hard he tires.   A. whatever    B. despite      C. though      D. however 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. A11. A 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. D 16. D 17. C 18. C 19. A 20. C21. D 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. B 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. D31. B 32. C 33. C 34. C 35. D 36. B 37. D 38. C 39. B 40. C41. B 42. A 43. C 44. D 45. B 46. A 47. B 48. C 49. C 50. D