中考英语不定代词的用法知识点及练习题（附答案）
展开不定代词
- 定义
所谓“不定”，就是“不确定”“不明确”的意思，所以不定代词就是指不明确表示代替某特定名词或形容词的代词，如someone意为“某人”，something意为“某事”或“某物”，many表示“许多人”或“许多物”，a few表示“几个人”或“几个事物”，等等。
（1）普通不定代词
some; any | few; little | none 没有一个 one other 其它的 |
many; much | either两者中的一个; neither两者都不 | |
each; every | both; all |
★ some与any
一般说来，some 用于肯定句中，any 用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中。如：
①肯定句：He asked some questions. 他问了一些问题。
②否定句：He didn’t ask any questions. 他没有问任何问题。
③疑问句：Did he ask any questions? 他问了些问题没有?
但是，在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中，希望对方的肯定回答，通常要用 some 而不用any。如：
① Shall I get some for you? 要我帮你拿些来吗?
② Since you have plenty of them, why not give her some?
既然你有那么多，为什么不给她一些呢?
any 有时也用于肯定句中，表示“任何”的意思。如：
Any of these may suit you. 这些中间的任何一个都可能适合你。
另外，汉语可说“任何……都不”，但英语不能说any…not。因为按英语习惯，any总是要出现在否定词not的后面，而不能出现在它的前面。如：
我想任何学生都回答不了这个问题。
正：I don’t think any student can answer this question.
正：I think no student can answer this question.
误：I think any student can’t answer this question.
第一句用的是not…any，故正确;第二句用的是no，相当于not…any，也正确;第三句用的是any…not，就错了。
★ many与much
两者意思相同，都表示“许多”，但用法不同，many用于修饰或代替可数名词;而much用于修饰或代替不可数名词。如：
① Many trees fell in the storm. 在暴风雨中许多树倒了。
② Much money has been wasted that way. 很多钱都这样浪费了。
★ few, a few与 little, a little
few 几乎没有
a few 有几个
① He has few friends here,he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友,他感觉寂寞。
② There are a few eggs in the basket. 篮子里有几个鸡蛋。
③ There is little ink in my bottle,can you give me a little ink?
我的瓶子里没有墨水了,你能给我点儿墨水吗?
④ This book is a little more difficult than that one. 这本书比那本书难一点。
★ all与both
all指三者或三者以上的人或物,既可代替或修饰可数名词也可代替和修饰不可数名词。
both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。
① Both of my parents like sports. 我的父母都喜欢运动。
② All of us should work hard.我们都应努力工作.
★ either与neither
either意思是“两个中间的任何一个”；neither意思是“两个都不”。
① He wrote to either of them. 他给他们中的一个人写了信.
② --Will you go there by bus or by car? –Neither. I will go there by train.
你坐公车去还是坐轿车去？一个都不坐,我坐火车去。
★ another,the other
① the other指两个人或物中的一个。
He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker.
他有两个女儿，一个是护士，另一个是工人。
② another指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个。
I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker.
我有三个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人。
（2）复合不定代词
复合不定代词指的是由some, any, every, no后接thing, one, body等构成的一类代词。
somebody （某人） | anybody （某人/任何人） | nobody （没有人） | everybody （每人） |
someone （某人） | anyone （某人/任何人） | no one （没有人） | everyone （每人） |
something （某事） | anything （某事/任何事） | nothing （没有东西） | everything （每一件事） |
★ 这些复合不定代词只有名词的性质，可以作主语、宾语等。
I have something to tell you. 我有一些事情要告诉你们。
★ 复合不定代词如果有其它的形容词修饰，形容词必须后置。
Someone has just come to see you. 有个人刚刚来看你。
There’s nothing wrong with the machine. 机器没有毛病。
★ 当句子的主语是指人的复合不定代词，如everybody, nobody, anyone等时，其反义疑问句的主语通常用代词they; 当句子主语是指物的复合不定代词，如everthing, anything, something, nothing等时，其反义疑问句的主语通常用代词it。
Everybody is here, aren't they? Everything is ready, isn't it?
★ everyone 的意思等同于everybody,只能指人； every one既可指人也可指物。
I'd like everyone to be happy. 我希望人人都幸福。
I have kept every one of her letters. 我把她的每一封信都保存下来。
练习题
1．He can't hear you, because there is ____ noise here.
A．very much B．too much C．much too D．so many
2．There isn't ____ water in the cup.
A．any B．many C．some D．the
3．The bottle is empty. There is ____ in it.
A．anything B．something C．nothing
4．----“There isn't ____ water here. Could you get ____ for me?”
----“All ringht.”
A．some; some B．any; any C．some; any D．any; some
5．There are lots of English books here, and ____ of them is easy to understand.
A．both B．all C．every D．each
6．These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me ____ one.
A．other B．others C．the others D．another
7．“Which of the two dictionaries do you like better?”“I like ____ , because they're not useful.”
A．both B．either C．all D．neither
8．They were all very tired, but ____ of them would stop to take a rest.
A．any B．some C．none D．neither
9．“Haven't you forgotten ____ ?”“ ____ ,oh, I forgot my bag.”
A．anything; Excuse me B．something; Excuse me
C．something; Pardon D．everything; Pardon
10．Be quiet! I have ____ to tell you.
A．important anything B．anything important
C．important something D．something important
11．---- ____ of the boys in Class Four are playing games.
----____.
A．All B．Each C．The both D．None
12．There are twenty teachers in this grade．Eight of them are women teachers and ____ are men teachers.
A．the other B．the others C．Others D．other
1-5 BACDD 6-10 DDCAD 11-12 AB
