高中英语语法高考定语从句讲解与练习讲义
展开定语从句
定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。
一、 定语从句重点备考
考点1：关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的运用以及that和which的区别使用。
考点2：定语从句与强调句和同位语从句的区别。
考点3：“介词＋关系代词”与关系词whose和which作定语的区别。如：whose book＝the book of whom等；关系副词when，where，why和“介词＋which”之间的关系。
考点4：关系副词、关系代词的区别运用。近几年来，关系词where引导的不表示具体真实地点的定语从句是常考的热点，要着重复习。
二、 一眼看穿定语从句
（1） 定语从句中缺一成分，缺的这个成分就是先行词。
（2） 在所有的从句中，只有定语从句中缺成分。如果从句中却成分，那一定是定语从句。
（3） 定语从句和主句之间没有连词，但是有关系词，相当于连词，起连词的作用。也就是说，在两个句子之间存在连词的话，就一定不是定语从句。
I. 关系词（瞻前顾后）
关系词 | 先行词 | 从句成分 | 例句 | 备注 | |
关系代词 | Who | 人 | 主语 | Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? | whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that |
Whom | 人 | 宾语 | Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war. | ||
Whose | 人，物 | 定语 | I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate. | ||
That | 人，物 | 主语，宾语 | A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. | ||
Which | 物 | 主语，宾语 | The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. | ||
as | 人，物 | 主语，宾语 | He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. | as做宾语一般不省略 | |
关系副词 | when | 时间 | 时间状语 | I will never forget the day when we met there. | 可用on which |
where | 地点 | 地点状语 | This is the house where I was born. | 可用in which | |
why | 原因 | 原因状语 | I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. | 可用for which | |
II. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：
类别 | 语法意义及特征 | 例句 |
限制性定语从句 | 对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。 | The accident happened at the time when I left. |
非限制性定语从句 | 对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。 | His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago. |
III. that与which, who, whom的用法区别：
情况 | 用法说明 | 例句 |
只用that的情况 | 1． 先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。 2． 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时 3． 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时 4． 先行词既指人又指物时 5． 先行词被the only, the very修饰时 6． 句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时 | 1. He told me everything that he knows. 2. All the books that you offered has been given out. 3. This is the best film that I have ever read. 4. We talked about the persons and things that we remembered. 5. He is the only man that I want to see. 6. Who is the man that is making a speech? |
只用which, who, whom的情况 | 1． 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人 2． 在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。 3． 先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。 | He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study. I like the person to whom the teacher is talking. Those who respect others are usually respected by others. |
做题独家秘笈：不用专门去背什么时候只能用that不能用which，什么时候又只能用which不能用that。
做题时确定是that和which二选一之时，
只要空格前没有“逗号”和“介词”那就选填that。
IV. As与which的区别：
定语从句 | 区别 | 例句 |
限制性定语从句中 | 名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用which | He is not such a fool as he looks. Don’t read such books as you can’t understand. |
非限制性定语从句中 | as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。 | They won the game, as we had expected. They won the game, which we hadn’t expected. As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s. |
练习
一、过关斩将
1. I shall never forget those years I lived in the country with the farmers, has a great effect on my life.
A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who
2. I can never forget the day we worked together and the day we spent together.
A. when, which B. which, when C. what, that D. on which, when
3. Is this the house Jim was born?
A. at where B. which C. in which D. at that
4. Is this house Jim bought last year?
A. that B. where C. the one D. which that
5. The house roof was damaged has now been repaired.
A. that B. of which C. whose D. who’s
二、前世今生
1. I will never forget the day I came to Princeton High School on.
I will never forget the day I came to Princeton High School.
2. Princeton High School is the school I am studying in.
Princeton High School is the school I am studying.
3. Could you tell me the reason you are late for?
Could you tell me the reason you are late?
三、藕断丝连
1. This is the very knife which I used to cut apples.
2. The speed which you drive your car mustn’t too high.
3. He referred me to some reference books which I am not very familiar.
4. She gave us a lovely lesson which all the students are very interested.
5. What were the things which he was not too sure?
四、似是而非
1. I miss the time we spent together.
I miss the time there is no homework.
2. The room I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.
The room he once lived is still there.
3. The reason I don’t know is known to him.
The reason I don’t know the thing is that I was not there then.
五、小试牛刀
1. (2017北京) The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
A. that B. as C. where D. when
2. (2017天津) My eldest son, _______ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
A. that B. whose C. his D. who
3. (2017江苏) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _____ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
A. which B. it’s C. whose D. whom
4. (2016全国Ⅰ) My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ________ I was the first Western TV reporter.
5. (2016·全国Ⅱ，阅读A) Simon is a comedian and actor ________has 10 years’ experience of teaching comedy.
6. (2016·全国Ⅱ，阅读D) Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of ________have never before been published.
7. (2016·全国Ⅲ) Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，________lived from roughly 551 to 479 B. C, influenced the development of chopsticks.
8. (2016·全国Ⅲ，完形) When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant beating out Miller King, ________was the best player at our school.
六、融会贯通
在设空处填入一个适当的关系代词或关系副词，使文章结构完整，语意通顺。
There was a time __1__ I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English. And this is the reason __2__ my father forced me to join in a 30－day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club，__3__ I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide __4__ teacher was Li Yang, communicated with me face to face, from __5__ I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities __6__ we did. My father and the guide __7__ encouraged me to fall in love with English should be appreciated. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into __8__ I put my entire energy. Every day I will read my words and passages aloud. In class I will join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep, I will recall my passages, through __9__ I can memorize a large number of new words.__10__ our English teacher says, “As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, we will conquer English sooner or later.”
KEY
一、过关斩将
1-5：BACCC
二、前世今生
1. that/which/- ; on which/when
2. that/which/- ; in which/where
3. that/which/- ; for which/why
三、藕断丝连
1. with 2. at 3. with 4. in 5. of
四、似是而非
1. that/which/- ; when
2. that/which/- ; where
3. that/which/- ; why
五、小试牛刀
1. A。此题考察定语从句。句意为“我们生活中遇到的微小问题也许能为以后的重大发明提 供灵感”。主句结构完整，不缺主干成分，根据位置和语意，从句为定语从句，先行词为problems。从句缺宾语，故用that。as引导非限制性定语从句, where，when都在从句中作状语，均不符合要求。
2. B。此题考察定语从句。句意为”我最大的儿子现在在纽约，他的工作让他满世界跑“。 主句结构完整，不缺主干成分。从句为非限制性定语从句，也不缺主干成分，先行词son与work间存在从属关系，故用whose在从句中作定语。
3. C。此题考察定语从句。句意为“在1963年，联合国成立世界粮食计划署，它的目标之 一是缓解全世界的饥饿问题”。主句不缺主干成分，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the World Food Programme，与purposes有从属关系，故用whose作purposes的定语。
4. when。由句子结构可以判断这是一个定语从句，先行词是表示时间的in the mid－1980s，从句中缺少状语，因此填写关系副词when。
5. who/that。考查定语从句的关系代词，先行词是a comedian and actor，在从句中做主语，所以用who或者that。
6. which。 考查定语从句。介词后跟关系代词，先行词为images，所以用which。
7. who。考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，故用who。
8. who。考查定语从句。先行词为Miller King，故用who。
六、融会贯通
1.when 2.why 3.where 4.whose 5.whom 6.that/which 7.who/that 8.which 9.which 10.As
