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上海市上海中学2020届高三上学期月考英语试题
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上海市上海中学2019-2020学年高三上学期
第二次月考英语试题
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that bet fits each blank.
Procrastination - a Virtue When It Comes to Creativity?
Psychologist Adam Grant, from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, argues that people who “put off” solving a task for a little while - thus engaging in moderate procrastination -- are often able to come up with ___1___ (original) ideas about how to solve that task than people who get started on their work right away.
Grant makes this argument in the book Originals: How Non-conformists Change the World and reiterates it in a popular TED talk ___2___ he says that “procrastination is a vice when it comes to productivity, but it can be a virtue when it comes to creativity.” This point of view seems ___3___ (find) some support in existing studies that indicate a correlation between creativity and “putting things off.”
Grant explains that the link between moderate procrastination and originality likely ___4___ (exist) because when we actively put off a task for a while, our preoccupation with the task itself does not disappear. Instead, the unfinished work “runs in the background” of our brains, ___5___ (buy) us time to find innovative solutions.
One study ___6___ (publish) in Personality and Individual Differences in 2017 also found a link between creative ideation (coming up with creative ideas) and active procrastination. It suggested that among 853 undergraduates at Chinese universities, “active procrastinators” may be more prone to creativity.
Boredom ___7___ have something to do with this boost in creative thinking. Older research from the University of Florida in Gainesville suggests that people who procrastinate may be more prone to boredom than their peers.
And while boredom itself is a concept that sometimes has negative connotations, studies ___8___ (show) that allowing ourselves to feel bored for a while can boost our creative abilities. The researchers explain that this may be because when we are bored, we allow our minds to wander, thus “training” our imaginations.
Finally, ___9___ putting off a task forever out of fear and self-doubt may be paralyzing and unhelpful, a little bit of “directed” procrastination will likely not be harmful and may allow us to assess the task at hand more imaginatively.
And for some of us, that pressure of looking a deadline straight in the eye can be just ___10___ we need to keep us on our toes. As Calvin, one of the main characters in the comic strips Calvin and Hobbes, once said : “You can’t just turn on creativity like a faucet. You have to be in the right mood,” and that mood is “last - minute panic.”
【答案】1. more original
2. where 3. to have found
4. exists 5. buying
6. published
7. may 8. have shown
9. although
10. what
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要说明了心理学家提出那些“推迟”一段时间解决某项任务的人往往能够就如何解决这项任务提出比那些马上开始工作的人更具创意的想法。研究还发现，创造性思维与主动拖延之间存在联系。并列举了不同的研究看法。
【1题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：那些“推迟”一段时间解决任务的人往往比那些马上开始工作的人更能想出解决任务的更新颖的想法。根据下文than people who get started on their work right away.可知应用形容词比较级，故填more original。
【2题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：格兰特在《原创:不墨守成规者如何改变世界》一书中提出了这一观点，并在一次受欢迎的TED演讲中重申了这一观点，他说:“拖延对于生产力来说是一种恶习，但对于创造力来说却是一种美德。”本句为定语从句修饰先行词a popular TED talk，且先行词在从句中做地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这一观点似乎在现有的研究中已经找到了一些支持，这些研究表明创造力和“拖延”之间存在关联。短语seem to do“好像”，且结合语境可知强调“发现”动作发生在谓语动作之前应用to have done形式，故填to have found。
【4题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：格兰特解释说，适度的拖延和创造性之间的联系可能存在，因为当我们积极地把一项任务推迟一段时间时，我们对任务本身的关注并没有消失。本句主语为the link，且分析上下文可知为一般现在时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填exists。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：相反，未完成的工作在我们大脑的“后台运行”，为我们找到创新的解决方案赢得了时间。本句中buy做非谓语动词，与上文整个句子构成主动关系，应用现在分词。故填buying。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：2017年发表在《个性与个体差异》上的一项研究也发现，创造性思维(想出创造性想法)和积极拖延之间存在联系。本句中publish做非谓语动词与逻辑主语study构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填published。
【7题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：无聊可能与这种创造性思维的激发有关。根据下文动词为原形可知应填情态动词，且结合句意表示“可能”。故填may。
【8题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：虽然无聊本身是一个有时带有负面含义的概念，但研究表明，让自己感到无聊一段时间可以提高我们的创造力。此处强调过去的发生的动作对现在产生的影响，应用现在完成时，主语为studies。故填have shown。
【9题详解】
考查连词。句意：最后，尽管出于恐惧和自我怀疑而永远推迟一项任务可能会让人感到麻痹和无益，但一点点“定向”拖延可能不会有害，并可能让我们更有想象力地评估手头的任务。本句为让步状语从句，表示“尽管”且位于句首。故填although。
【10题详解】
考查连词。句意：对我们中的一些人来说，直视截止日期的压力正是我们保持警觉所需要的。本句为表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指代事件，故填what。
Section B
Directions; Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Why Do Chinese Parents Prefer Legos to Barbies?
Budding engineers cluster around a table - sized model of the China Art Museum, a landmark of Shanghai, adding helipads, carrot patches and other improvements with ___11___ bricks. Prising a child from Lego’s vast shop near People’s Square can be like ___12___ two stubborn bits of Lego. Li Yang, visiting for a few days from Shenzhen, has been waiting for her daughter for two hours. Zhu Yunfei, watching his son, ___13___ at the variety: “Coming here to play with him is making up for my childhood,” he says. They drop by every week.
Lego’s rise in China has been rapid and dramatic. In 2017 it ___14___ Alpha Group, a local giant, to become the country’s leading toy company (not including video games). In the past two years it has opened 89 stores. It wants 50 more by December, which will bring it to 30 cities. Its first Chinese factory started molding bricks in 2016. The toy industry is growing by 9% annually in the country, but the Danish firm’s Chinese arm notches up “very strong double digits,” says Paul Huang, its boss.
It has done so even as the brick maker’s global business has looked shakier. In 2017 Lego cut 1,400 jobs and ___15___ its first drop in revenues and profits in over a decade. But last year both ticked up again, by 4% each. Lego has thus ___16___ its status as the world’s biggest toy-maker, taken from Mattel in 2014 -- even as its American rival last year ___17___ its highest revenues in five years from its Barbie dolls.
Newly affluent（富裕的）parents in China have helped Lego ___18___. “We have not maxed out there, by far,” says Niels Christiansen, whom Lego brought in as chief executive two years ago. As in the West, the educational merits of bricks ___19___ to Chinese parents. Last year 98% of those surveyed by Lego said that play was ___20___ for their child’s well-being, even more than Americans and Danes.
【答案】11. E 12. I
13. J 14. H
15. K 16. F
17. G 18. B
19. C 20. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要说明了2017年，乐高超越了当地巨头阿尔法集团，成为中国领先的玩具公司。乐高在中国的崛起迅速而引人注目。虽然在2017年乐高收入和利润出现10多年来的首次下滑，但是中国新富起来的父母帮助乐高恢复了元气。原因是中国父母意识到玩耍对于孩子健康的重要性。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：初露头角的工程师们聚集在上海地标中国美术馆的一张桌子大小的模型周围，用五颜六色的砖块添加直升机停机坪、胡萝卜地和并进行其他改进。修饰名词bricks应用形容词，且结合句意“五颜六色的”，故填colorful。故选E。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：要把一个孩子从人民广场附近乐高的大型商店拖走，就像拆开两块难以分离的乐高积木。结合下文two stubborn bits of Lego可知是从乐高积木上“拆下”积木，且like此处为介词后跟动词-ing形式，故填unsticking。故选I。
【13题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：看着儿子的朱云飞惊叹于这种多样性:“来这里和他玩弥补了我的童年，”他说。结合句意可知短语marvel at“对……惊奇”，且此处描述一般性事实用一般现在时，主语为Zhu Yunfei，谓语动词用单数。故填marvels。故选J。
【14题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：2017年，它超越了当地巨头阿尔法集团，成为中国领先的玩具公司(不包括视频游戏)。结合下文to become the country’s leading toy company (not including video games).可知是“超过了”阿尔法集团。且根据上文时间为2017年，故应用一般过去时。故填overtook。故选H。
【15题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：2017年，乐高裁员1400人，收入和利润出现10多年来的首次下滑。结合下文its first drop in revenues and profits in over a decade可知记录了10多年来收入和利润的首次下滑，且根据上文In 2017应用一般过去时。故填recorded。故选K。
【16题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：因此，乐高保持了2014年从美泰（Mattel）获得的全球最大玩具制造商的地位，尽管其美国竞争对手去年从芭比娃娃中赚取了5年来的最高收入。结合后文its status as the world’s biggest toy-maker, taken from Mattel in 2014可知乐高保持了全球最大玩具制造商的地位。且根据上文Lego has thus可知为现在完成时，故填retained。故选F。
【17题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：因此，乐高保持了2014年从美泰（Mattel）获得的全球最大玩具制造商的地位，尽管其美国竞争对手去年从芭比娃娃中赚取了5年来的最高收入。结合下文highest revenues可知“赚取”了最高收入，且根据上文last year可知应用一般过去时。故填earned。故选G。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：中国新富起来的父母帮助乐高恢复了元气。结合上文China have helped Lego可知中国新富裕起来的父母帮助乐高从亏损中恢复元气。短语help sb do sth“帮助某人做某事”，此处应用原形recover。故选B。
【19题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：和西方一样，积木的教育价值吸引了中国家长。根据上文内容中国家长帮助乐高恢复元气可知，中国家长是因为被积木的教育价值所吸引。短语appeal to“吸引”。此处应为一般现在时，主语为the educational merits of bricks，谓语动词用原形。故填appeal。故选C。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：去年，98%接受乐高调查的中国人表示，玩耍对孩子的健康至关重要，这一点甚至超过了美国人和丹麦人。结合上文was可知应填形容词作表语，且结合下文even more than Americans and Danes可知对中国家长来说玩耍对孩子的健康很重要。故填essential。故选D。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrase marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context .
Back to the Hanfu - ture: Young Chinese Revive Ancient Fashion
Dressed in a flowing long robe decorated with beaded floral embroidery from a bygone era, stylist Xiao Hang looks like she surfaced from a time machine as she strides across the bustling Beijing metro, attracting curious glances and inquisitive questions.
China was ___21___ Western fashion and futuristic technology as its economy boomed in recent decades, but a growing number of young people like Xiao are looking to the ___22___ for their sartorial choices and wearing traditional “hanfu”, or “Han clothing.”
These historic costumes of the Han ethnic majority are ___23___ a renaissance（复兴）in part because the government is promoting traditional culture in a bid to boost patriotism and national ___24___.
Period dramas have also contributed to the ___25___ in interest for traditional Chinese clothing -- The Story of Minglan, a TV series set in the song Dynasty ___26___ more than 400 million views in three days when it debuted earlier this year.
There is no ___27___ definition of what counts as hanfu since each Han-dominated dynasty had its own style, but the outfits are ___28___ by loose, flowing robes that drape around the body, with sleeves that hang down to the knees.
“When we were little, we would also drape sheets and duvets around ourselves to ___29___ we were wearing beautiful clothes,” Xiao told AFP.
Xiao, who used to work at a state - owned machine manufacturing company, now runs her own hanfu business, where she dresses customers for photo shoots and even plans hanfu - style weddings.
Yang Jiaming, a high school student in Beijing, wears his outfit under his school uniform.
“Two-thirds of my wardrobe is hanfu,” he said, decked out in a Tang-style beige gown and black boots at a hanfu gathering, ___30___ that his classmates and teachers have been supportive of his style.
A government supported ___31___ in Chinese culture has given the hanfu community a boost: Since he entered office in 2012. President Xi has supported the idea of promoting a Han - centric version of heritage.
In April, the Communist Youth League of China ___32___ a two - day conference for traditional Chinese garb, including hanfu.
A live broadcast of the event drew some 20 million viewers, alongside a heartfelt outpouring of emotions.
“Chinese people have ___33___ their own culture and chosen Western culture. The red marriage gown has now become a wedding dress,” wrote on user on Bilibili, a video - streaming platform popular among young anime, comic and gaming fans in China.
Clothes are the “___34___ of culture,” said Jiang Xue, a member of Beijing - based hanfu club Mowutianxia, which has received funding from the Communist Youth League.
“If we as a(n) ___35___ and as a country do not even understand our traditional clothing or don’t wear them, how can we talk about other essential parts of our culture?” she said.
21. A. witnessed B. pondered C. embraced D. greeted
22. A. future B. present C. past D. moment
23. A. enjoying B. undergoing C. experiencing D. recovering
24. A. approval B. acknowledgement C. confirmation D. identity
25. A. shift B. decline C. surge D. stability
26. A. inspired B. received C. welcomed D. accepted
27. A. uniform B. identical C. permanent D. consistent
28. A. specialized B. characterized C. impressed D. decorated
29. A. show B. prove C. pretend D. declare
30. A. remarking B. claiming C. saying D. adding
31. A. renewal B. renovation C. revival D. review
32. A. promoted B. initiated C. led D. launched
33. A. departed B. associated C. abandoned D. claimed
34. A. protection B. signal C. reproduction D. foundation
35. A. nation B. unity C. people D. integrity
【答案】21. C 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. C 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了中国越来越多的年轻人开始穿传统的“汉服”。这些具有历史意义的汉族服饰正在着复兴，部分原因是政府正在推广传统文化，以增强爱国主义和民族认同感。同时说明了汉服的服装特点，以及以不同的人为例来说明了汉服的意义和影响。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：近几十年来，随着中国经济的蓬勃发展，西方时尚和未来科技在中国大行其道，但像肖这样的年轻人越来越多，他们开始从过去寻找服装选择，穿传统的“汉服”。A. witnessed目击；B. pondered考虑；C. embraced围绕；接受；D. greeted打招呼。结合下文Western fashion and futuristic technology as its economy boomed in recent decades可知随着中国经济的蓬勃发展，中国被西方时尚和未来科技所围绕，这些西方的时尚和未来科技在中国大行其道。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：近几十年来，随着中国经济的蓬勃发展，西方时尚和未来科技在中国大行其道，但像肖这样的年轻人越来越多，他们开始从过去寻找服装选择，穿传统的“汉服”。A. future未来；B. present目前；C. past过去；D. moment时刻。结合下文These historic costumes可知“汉服”是一种从过去寻找到的服装选择。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些具有历史意义的汉族服饰正在享受着复兴，部分原因是政府正在推广传统文化，以增强爱国主义和民族认同感。A. enjoying享受；B. undergoing忍受；C. experiencing经历；D. recovering恢复。结合下文because the government is promoting traditional culture可知这些具有历史意义的汉族服饰正在享受着政府带来的复兴。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些具有历史意义汉族服饰正在复兴，部分原因是政府正在推广传统文化，以增强爱国主义和民族认同感。A. approval批准；B. acknowledgement承认；C. confirmation确认；D. identity同一性；身份。结合上文to boost patriotism and national可知推广传统文化，以增强爱国主义和民族认同感。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：古装剧也助长了人们对中国传统服饰的兴趣浪潮——以宋朝为背景的电视剧《知否》在今年早些时候首播时，三天内就获得了超过4亿的观看量。A. shift转移；B. decline下降；C. surge波涛；D. stability稳定性。结合下文more than 400 million views in three days when it debuted earlier this year.可知古装剧也助长了人们对中国传统服饰的兴趣浪潮。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：古装剧也助长了人们对中国传统服饰的兴趣——以宋朝为背景的电视剧《知否》在今年早些时候首播时，三天内就获得了超过4亿的观看量。A. inspired鼓舞；B. received收到；C. welcomed欢迎；D. accepted同意；认可。结合下文more than 400 million views in three days when it debuted earlier this year可知是指《知否》在三天内就收到了四亿的观看量。此处指客观上的接受、接收这种行为和动作，并不涉及主观意愿，应用动词receive。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：汉服没有统一的定义，因为每个汉朝都有自己的风格，但服装的特点是宽松、飘逸的长袍披在身上，袖子垂到膝盖。A. uniform统一的；B. identical完全相同的；C. permanent永久的；D. consistent一致的。结合下文each Han-dominated dynasty had its own style可知汉服没有统一的定义。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：汉服没有统一的定义，因为每个汉朝都有自己的风格，但服装的特点是宽松、飘逸的长袍披在身上，袖子垂到膝盖。A. specialized专门化；B. characterized以……为特点的；C. impressed印象深刻；D. decorated装饰。结合下文by loose, flowing robes that drape around the body, with sleeves that hang down to the knees.可知是在说明汉服的服装特点。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“当我们小的时候，我们也会在自己身上围上床单和羽绒被，假装自己穿着漂亮的衣服，”肖告诉法新社。A. show展示；B. prove证明；C. pretend假装；D. declare宣布。结合上文drape sheets and duvets around ourselves会在自己身上围上床单和羽绒被是为了假装自己穿着古代漂亮的衣服。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我衣柜里三分之二的衣服都是汉服，”他说，在一次汉服聚会上，他穿着米色长袍唐装和黑色长靴，还说他的同学和老师都很支持他的风格。A. remarking评论；B. claiming声称；C. saying说；D. adding补充说。结合后文肖提到同学和老师的看法，可知是对前文的补充。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：政府支持中国文化复兴给汉服社区带来了推动作用：自习主席2012年上任以来，他支持推广以汉族为中心的文化遗产。A. renewal更新；B. renovation革新；C. revival复兴；D. review复习。结合上文内容a renaissance可知政府支持中国文化复兴。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年4月，中国共产主义青年团发起了为期两天的会议，讨论包括汉服在内的中国传统服饰。A. promoted促进；B. initiated发起；C. led导致；D. launched发起；启动。结合后文a two - day conference for traditional Chinese garb, including hanfu.可知是发起了为期两天的会议。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：中国人抛弃了自己的文化，选择了西方文化。A. departed离去；B. associated联系；C. abandoned抛弃；D. claimed声称。结合后文and chosen Western culture可知中国人抛弃了自己的文化，选择了西方文化。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：服装是“文化的基础”，来自北京汉服俱乐部“Mowutianxia”的蒋雪说。A. protection保护；B. signal信号；C. reproduction再生产；D. foundation基础。结合下文蒋雪指出穿汉服的重要性可知此处她想表达的是，服装是文化的基础。其它选项不符合语境。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“如果我们作为一个民族和一个国家，甚至不了解我们的传统服装，或者不穿它们，我们怎么能谈论我们文化的其他重要部分呢?”她说。A. nation国家；B. unity团结；C. people民族；D. integrity完整。根据后文and as a country可推知此处指作为民族和国家。故选C。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The Ebro Delta, in Spain, famous as a battleground during the Spanish Ci War, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is making rice farmers fight against two enemies: the rice - eating giant apple snail, and rising sea levels. What happens here will have a bearing on the future of European rice production and the overall health of southern European wetlands.
Located on the Mediterranean, just two hours south of Barcelona, the Ebro Delta produces 120 million kilograms of rice a year, making it one of the continent most important rice - growing areas. As the sea creeps into these fresh-watch marshes, however, rising salinity（盐度）is hurting rice production. At the same time, this sea - water also kills off the greedy giant apple snail, an introduced pet species that fees on young rice plants. The most promising strategy has become the play one enemy off against the other.
The battle is currently being waged on land, in greenhouses at the University of Barcelona. Scientists working under the banner “Project Neurice” are seeking varieties of rice that can withstand the increasing salinity without losing the absorbency that makes European rice ideal for traditional Spanish and Italian dishes.
“ The project has two sides,” says Xavier Serrat, Neurice project manager and researcher at the University of Barcelona. “The short -term fight against the snail, and a mid-to long term fight against climate change. But the snail has given the project greater emergency.”
Originally from South America, the snails were accidentally introduced into the Ebro Delta by Global Aquatic Technologies, a company that raised the snails for fresh-water aquariums（水族馆）but failed to prevent their escape. For now, the giant apple snail’s presence in Europe is limited to the Ebro Delta. But the snail continues its march to new territory, says Serrat.
“The question is not whether it will reach other rice - growing areas of Europe, but when.”
Over the next year and a half investigators will test the various strains of salt - tolerant rice they’ve bred. In 2018, farmers will plant the varieties with the most promise in the Ebro Delta and Europe’s other two main rice- growing regions along the Po in Italy, and France’s Rhone. A season in the field will help determine which, if any of the varieties are ready for commercialization.
As an EU - funded effort, the search for salt - tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in all three countries. Each team is crossbreeding a local European short - grain rice with a long - grain Asian variety that carries the salt resistant gene. The scientists are breeding successive generations to arrive at varieties that in corporate salt tolerance but retain about 97 percent of the European rice genome（基因组）.
36. Why does the author mention the Spanish Civil War at the beginning of the passage?
A. Because it significantly influences the lives of Spanish rice farmers.
B. Because it is extremely important in the records of Spanish history.
C. Because rice farmers there are engaged in another kind of battle of similar importance.
D. Because rice farmers there are experiencing the hardships of wartime.
37. What may be the most effective strategy for rice farmers to employ in fighting their enemies?
A. Striking the weaker enemy first.
B. Killing two birds with one stone.
C. Eliminating the enemy one by one.
D. Using one enemy to fight against the other.
38. What does the Neurice project manager say about the giant apple snail?
A. It can survive only on southern European wetlands.
B. It will invade other rice - growing regions of Europe.
C. It multiplies at a speed beyond human imagination.
D. It was introduced into the rice fields on purpose.
39. What is the ultimate goal of the EU - funded program?
A. Cultivating ideal salt resistant rice varieties.
B. Increasing the absorbency of the Spanish rice.
C. Introducing Spanish rice to the rest of Europe.
D. Popularizing the rice crossbreeding technology.
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. B 39. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要说明了西班牙埃布罗三角洲如今正被吃水稻的巨型苹果蜗牛和不断上升的海平面所威胁。文章解释了背后的原因，以及科学家们正在寻找能够承受不断升高的盐度、同时又不丧失吸收能力的大米品种，同时预计巨型苹果蜗牛未来会继续入侵欧洲其他水稻种植区。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段The Ebro Delta, in Spain, famous as a battleground during the Spanish Ci War, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is making rice farmers fight against two enemies: the rice - eating giant apple snail, and rising sea levels.（西班牙的埃布罗三角洲曾是西班牙Ci战争期间著名的战场，现在这里又成了另一场竞赛的场地，在这场竞赛中稻农们与两个敌人作战:吃水稻的巨型苹果蜗牛和不断上升的海平面。）可知作者在文章的开头提到了西班牙内战，是因为那里的稻农正在进行另一种同样重要的战争。故选C。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中The most promising strategy has become the play one enemy off against the other.（最有希望的策略是一个敌人对付另一个敌人。）可知用一个敌人对付另一个敌人可能是稻农对付敌人最有效的策略。故选D。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第四段For now, the giant apple snail’s presence in Europe is limited to the Ebro Delta. But the snail continues its march to new territory, says Serrat.（目前，巨型苹果蜗牛在欧洲的存在仅限于埃布罗三角洲。但Serrat说，蜗牛继续向新的领域进军。）可知Neurice项目经理表示，巨型苹果蜗牛将入侵欧洲其他水稻种植区。故选B。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句As an EU - funded effort, the search for salt - tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in all three countries.（作为欧盟资助的一项努力，这三个国家都在寻找耐盐水稻品种。）可知欧盟资助项目的最终目标是培育理想的耐盐水稻品种。故选A。
(B)
Information for Visitors.
For large print versions and access information ask at the Information Desk in the Great Court call +44 (0) 30 7323 8299, or visit britishmuseum.org
Opening times
Great Court
Saturday - Thursday 09:00 - 18:00
Friday 09:00 - 20:30
Galleries and special exhibitions
Saturday - Thursday 10:00 - 17:30
Friday 10:00 - 20:30
Please note that galleries start closing 10 minutes before the published closing times.
For a list of late openings, visit britishmuseum.org or contact the Information Desk
by calling +44 (0) 20 7323 8299
The Museum is closed on 1 January, Good Friday and 24026 December.
Access
Most galleries, events and facilities at the British Museum have level access including all the cafes and the restaurant. The locations of level access toilets are shown on the map, and lifts in the Great Court provide access to all adjacent floor levels. Wheelchairs can be borrowed free of charge from both entrances or booked in advance from the Information Desk.
Temporary exhibitions are regularly accompanied with tactile images and Braille. Audio description is provided for some temporary exhibitions. All major temporary exhibitions have large print information available for use.
Touch Tours are available for the Egyptian Sculpture Gallery (Room 4) and the Parthenon Introductory Gallery (Room 18), which has Bale labels and plaster cast reliefs of the Parthenon sculptures. Request a pack from the Information Desk.
Magnifying glasses are available to borrow from the Information Desk. The Museumj regularly programmes curatorial - led handling sessions for blind and partially - sighted visitors. For further details, contact the Learning, volunteers and Audiences Department at +44 (0) 20 7323 8510 / 8850 or learningbritishmuseum.org.
British Sign Language - interpreted gallery talks take place every month. For details, see the Museum’s bi-monthly guide, What’s On, or contact the information Desk.
A Multimedia guide with signed video commentaries for over 200 highlight objects of the Museum is available from the Multimedia Guide Desk.
A Sound Enhancement System with portable induction loops is available for most gallery talks and to support sign - interpreted tours.
Family activities
Family events are regularly held at weekends and during school holidays. For more details, pick up a Families leaflet. Family backpacks and trails are available from the families Desk in the Great Court at weekends and every day during school holidays. A family souvenir guide book. Explore the British Museum, and Children’s Multimedia Guide are also available.
Events programme
The events programme includes a wide range of lectures films, special events and courses, including adult learning, family activities and more. For full details, pick up What’s On from the Information Desk in the Great Court.
Regulations for visitors
To heop everyone enjoy the Museum, please:
Keep mobiles in silent mode and don’t take calls in gallery spaces
Don’t touch the objects (you can handle selected objects at the Hands - On desks -- ask at the Information Desk for details)
Don’t smoke on the premises
Don’t eat or drink in the galleries
Sketching with pencil in the galleries is allowed. Photography is permitted in selected galleries, for non-commercial uses. CCTV is in operation at all times in the British Museum.
Facilities
Cloakrooms
The main cloakroom is to the left of the Main entrance, a second cloakroom is located by the Montague Place entrance. The cloakrooms do not accept large luggage (maximum dimensions: 40 × 40 × 50 cm).
(Copyright 2002, 2007 and 2008 the Trustees of the British Museum. Printed in Italy.)
40. Where can you probably find this information?
A. The official website of the British Museum.
B. The map with color plans and visitor information of the British Museum.
C. A leaflet distributed on the streets near the British Museum.
D. The notice board at the entrance of the British Museum.
41. If a family with two adults and three teenagers from the Untied States want to take part in the family activities of the Museum, they should pay attention to the following information EXCEPT that _________.
A. the Museum is closed at Christmas and on New Year’s Day and Good Friday but not on school holiday
B. all the backpacks and luggage including the large ones should be deposited in the cloakrooms before entering
C. families are allowed to touch the selected objects at the Hands - On desks in the museum
D. teenagers an sketch with pencil and take photos in selected galleries for their schoolwork
42. Which of the following statements is true about access to the Museum?
A. Wheelchairs can be borrowed and booked in advance with a deposit.
B. Some major temporary exhibitions don’t provide large print information but audio description is available.
C. The Museum provides curatorial - led handling sessions for blind and partially - sighted visitors if required.
D. Visitors can borrow a Multimedia Guide and a sound enhancement system is available to support sign - interpreted tours.
【答案】40. B 41. B 42. D
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了大英博物馆的一些信息，如开放时间、馆里提供设施、活动和游客规定等。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段For large print versions and access information, ask at the Information Desk in the Great Court call +44 (0) 30 7323 8299, or visit britishmuseum.org（如需大型印刷版和访问信息，请咨询+44(0)30 7323 8299的咨询台，或访问britishmuseum.org）以及下文主要介绍大英博物馆各个部分的开放时间和活动信息，可知你可能在大英博物馆的彩色地图和游客信息上找到这篇文章。故选B。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据Galleries and special exhibitions部分中The Museum is closed on 1 January, Good Friday and 24-26 December.（博物馆在1月1日，耶稣受难日和12月24日到26日闭馆。）以及Regulations for visitors部分中Don’t touch the objects (you can handle selected objects at the Hands - On desks -- ask at the Information Desk for details)；Sketching with pencil in the galleries is allowed. Photography is permitted in selected galleries, for non-commercial uses. CCTV is in operation at all times in the British Museum.（不要触摸物品(你可以在服务台用手触摸选定的物品，详情可向服务台询问);允许在画廊用铅笔素描。在选定的画廊里，允许进行非商业用途的摄影。大英博物馆的闭路电视一直在工作。）可知如果一个有两个美国成年人和三个美国青少年的家庭想要参加博物馆的家庭活动，他们需要注意：博物馆在圣诞节、元旦和耶稣受难日闭馆，但在学校放假期间不开放；可以在服务台用手触摸选定的物品以及允许在画廊用铅笔素描。除了B选项：所有的背包和行李包括大型的进入前应存放在衣帽间。故选B。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据Access部分中A Multimedia guide with signed video commentaries for over 200 highlight objects of the Museum is available from the Multimedia Guide Desk. A Sound Enhancement System with portable induction loops is available for most gallery talks and to support sign - interpreted tours.（附有手语解说的多媒体导赏台提供超过200件博物馆重点文物的多媒体指南。一个带有便携式感应回路的声音增强系统可用于大多数的画廊演讲，并支持手语解说。）可知旅客可外借多媒体指南，并可使用声音增强系统，并支持手语解说。故选D。
(C)
Types of Social Groups
Life places us in a complex web of relationships with other people. Our humanness arises out of these relationships in the course of social interaction. Moreover, our humanness must be sustained through social interaction -- and fairly constantly so. When an association continues long enough for two people to become linked together by a relatively stable set of expectations, it is called a relationship.
People are bound within relationships by two types of bonds: expressive ties and instrumental ties. Expressive ties are social links formed when we emotionally invest ourselves in and commit ourselves to other people. Through association with people who are meaningful to us, we achieve a sense of security, love, acceptance, companionship, and personal worth. Instrumental ties are social links focused when we cooperate with other people to achieve some goal.
Occasionally, this may mean working with, instead of against, competitors. More often, we simply cooperate with others to reach some end without endowing the relationship with any larger significance.
Sociologists have built on the distinction between expressive and instrumental ties to distinguish between two types of groups: primary and secondary. A primary group involves two or more people who enjoy a direct, intimate, cohesive relationship with one another. Expressive ties predominate in primary groups: we view the people as ends in themselves and valuable in their own right. A secondary group entails two or more people who are involved in an impersonal relationship and have come together for a specific, practical purpose. Instrumental ties predominate in secondary groups ; we perceive people as means to ends rather than as ends in their own right. sometimes primary group relationships evolve out of secondary group relationships. This happens in many work settings. People on the job often develop close relationships with coworkers as they come to share gripes, jokes, gossip, and satisfactions.
A number of conditions enhance the likelihood that primary groups will arise. First, group size is important. We find it difficult to get to know people personally when they are milling about and dispersed in large groups. In small groups we have a better chance to initiate contact and establish rapport with them. Second, face - to - face contact allows us to size up others. Seeing and talking with one another in close physical proximity makes possible a subtle exchange of ideas and feelings. And third, the probability that we will develop primary group bonds increases as we have frequent and continuous contact. Our ties with people often deepen as we interact with them across time and gradually evolve interlocking habits and interests.
Primary groups are fundamental to us and to society. Sociologists view primary groups as bridges between individuals and the larger society because they transmit, mediate, and interpret a society’s cultural patterns and provide the sense of oneness so critical for social solidarity. Primary groups, then serve both as carriers of social norms and as enforcers of them.
43. According to Paragraph 1, which of the following statements is true of a relationship?
A. It is a structure of associations with many people.
B. It should be studied in the course of social interaction.
C. It places great demands on people.
D. It develops gradually over time.
44. Which of the following can be inferred from the author’s claim in paragraph 4 that primary group relationships sometimes evolve out of secondary group relationships?
A. Secondary group relationships begin by being primary group relationships.
B. A secondary group relationship that is highly visible quickly becomes a primary group relationship.
C. Sociologists believe that only primary group relationships are important to society.
D. Even in secondary groups, frequent communication serves to bring people into close relationships.
45. The phrase “size up” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to “________”.
A. enlarge B. evaluate
C. impress D. accept
46. This passage is developed primarily by ________.
A. drawing comparisons between theory and practice
B. presenting two opposing theories
C defining important concepts
D. discussing causes and their effects
【答案】43. D 44. D 45. B 46. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们在关系中被两种纽带所束缚:表达性联系和工具性联系，分别说明了这两种联系的含义，以及在此基础上的两种群体类型:主要群体和次要群体，以及这两种群体的含义和区别。以及提高初级群体出现可能性的三个条件。最后表达初级群体的意义：它是我们和社会的基础，它既是社会规范的载体，又是社会规范的执行者。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中When an association continues long enough for two people to become linked together by a relatively stable set of expectations, it is called a relationship.（当一段关系持续足够长的时间，使两个人通过一组相对稳定的期望联系在一起时，这就叫做关系。）可知一段关系随着时间的推移而逐渐发展。故选D。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中This happens in many work settings. People on the job often develop close relationships with coworkers as they come to share gripes, jokes, gossip, and satisfactions.（这在很多工作环境中都会发生。在工作中，当人们分享抱怨、笑话、八卦和乐事时，他们经常会与同事建立亲密的关系。）可知从作者在第4段中提出的主要群体关系有时由次要群体关系演变而来的观点中，我们可以推断出即使在第二群体中，频繁的交流也有助于人们建立亲密的关系。故选D。
【45题详解】
词义猜测题。根据下文Seeing and talking with one another in close physical proximity makes possible a subtle exchange of ideas and feelings.可知近距离的观察和交谈使思想和感情的微妙交流成为可能。即面对面的接触让我们能够评估他人。故短语意思为“评估”，故选B。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章主要内容，尤其是第二段主要说明了人们关系中的两种纽带关系的含义，以及第四段说明了由这两种关系而发展而来的两个群体的含义和区别。可推知这篇文章主要是通过定义重要的概念来展开的。故选C。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
It’s time to re-evaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get ou where you want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals.
Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? Nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling, “very tired” or “exhausted,” according to a recent study.
______47______ It’s also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying “no.” Women want to be able to do it all -- volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals -- and so their answer to any request is often “Yes, I can.”
Women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. _____48_____.
At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don’t want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. ____49____ Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what’s the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem -- even if that means doing the boring work themselves.
This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor in who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. _____50_____ Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, It may highlight your inability to delegate effectively.
A. Unfortunately, this inability to say “no” may be hurting women’s heath as well as their career.
B. Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely -- including staff expertise.
C. For example, there’s a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over who should be the one to fix it.
D. Men and women tend to behave differently when faced with a dispute
E. This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children .
F. The reason why women in this age range suffer so much is that they cannot say “no.”
【答案】47. E 48. A 49. C 50. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。根据最近的一项研究，18-44岁的女性中感到“非常累”或“筋疲力尽”的人数几乎是男性的两倍。女性感到疲惫的一个原因是她们很难说“不”，包括生活和工作中。文章继续说明了在工作场所中男性和女性处理冲突方式的不同，指出处理冲突的这种差异要求领导者必须能够明智地分配和管理资源。
【47题详解】
根据下文It’s also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home.（这个年龄段也是许多女性试图平衡事业和家庭的年龄。）中the age range可对应到E选项中this is the age range when women have children。表示“考虑到这是女性生育孩子的年龄范围，这可能不足为奇。”符合上下文语境。故选E。
【48题详解】
结合上文Women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues.（出于类似的原因，女性在职场中也很难说“不”，包括想要被同事喜欢。）中say “no”可对应到A选项中this inability to say “no”，且表示“不幸的是，这种不能说“不”的能力可能会损害女性的健康和事业。”符合上下文语境。故选A。
【49题详解】
结合下文Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what’s the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem -- even if that means doing the boring work themselves.（男人更倾向于从什么对他们最有利角度来面对争端，而女人则可能从什么是解决问题最简单、最快捷的方法来面对同样的争端——即使那意味着自己要做那些无聊的工作。）可推知是在说明面对一个解决问题的争端，男人和女人的不同反应。故C选项“例如，有一个问题需要立即解决，导致了关于谁应该解决它的争论。”符合上下文语境。故选C。
【50题详解】
结合下文Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, It may highlight your inability to delegate effectively.（承担更多的工作量可能不会让你得到晋升。相反，它可能会突出你无法有效地委派工作。）可推知面对任务的分配，一个领导必须能够做出明智的决定，否则承担更多的工作量可能不会让你得到晋升。相反，它可能会突出你无法有效地委派工作。故B选项“领导者必须能够明智地分配和管理资源——包括员工的专业技能。”符合上下文语境。故选B。
Ⅳ. Summary Writing
51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Researchers have just offered evidence in a study that says obesity appears to spread through social ties, much like a virus. When one person gains weight, their close friends often follow. But the finding might also offer hope.
The researchers examined more than 40,000 social ties. They found that a person’s chance of becoming severely overweight increased by 57% if a friend had become obese. A sister or brother of a person who became obese had a 40% increased chance of becoming obese. The risk for a wife or husband was a little less than that.
Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medial School was a lead investigator in the study. He says there is a direct causal relationship between a person getting fat and being followed in weight gain by a friend. The study found that the sex of the friends was also an influence. In same-sex friendships a person had a 70% increased risk of becoming obese. Men had a 44% increased risk of becoming obese after weight gain in brother. In sisters, it was 67%.
The researchers also considered the effect of where people lived in relation to each other. James Fowler of the University of California, San Diego, was the other lead investigator. He says a friend who lives a few hundred kilometers away has as much influence as one in the same neighborhood. He says the study demonstrates the need to consider that a major part of people’s health is tied to their social connections.
Both investigators say their research shows that obesity is not just a private medical issue, but a public health problem.
【答案】Researchers have offered evidence in a study that says obesity appears to spread through social ties，which means there is a direct causal relationship between a person getting fat and being followed in weight gain by a friend. The investigators say their research shows that obesity is not just a private medical issue, but a public health problem.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇概要写作。
【详解】写作步骤
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章说明了研究人员在一项研究中提供的证据表明，肥胖似乎是通过社会关系传播的，这意味着一个人变胖和他的朋友变胖之间存在直接的因果关系。研究人员表示，他们的研究表明，肥胖不仅是一个私人医疗问题，也是一个公共健康问题。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
Ⅴ. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 这家主题乐园受到消费者的质疑是因为它的某些规则存在“双标”的可能性。(likely)
53. 令当今年轻一代感到心力交瘁的不仅是繁重的工作和生活压力，还有突如其来的二胎。(exhaust)
54. 适度饮食、少熬夜、多养身能有效改善中年人日益下降的健康状况。(improve)
55. 高考过后，很多老师和家长煞费苦心指导学生该报考哪所大学，结果学生们依旧固执己见，一意孤行。(respond)
【答案】52. The reason why the theme park has been questioned by consumers is that there is likely to be a possibility of "double-labeling" in its some rules.
53. Not only the burden of work and life, but also the sudden second child is what makes the today's younger generation feel exhausted.
54. Moderate diet, less stay up late, more physical fitness can effectively improve the middle-aged declining health.
55. After the college entrance examination, many teachers and parents take great pains to instruct students which universities to apply for, but the students respond them with their stubbornness.
【解析】
考查句子翻译。
【52题详解】
考查固定短语和固定句式。固定句式the reason why…is that…“……的原因是……”；固定短语be likely to do“很可能”。结合句意可知主句为一般现在时，从句为现在完成时。故翻译为The reason why the theme park has been questioned by consumers is that there is likely to be a possibility of "double-labeling" in its some rules.。
【53题详解】
考查固定短语和主谓一致。固定短语not only…but also…“不仅……而且……”；短语make sb.+形容词表示“让某人感觉……”，此处修饰人表示“令人精疲力竭的”应用-ed结尾形容词exhausted。结合句意应用一般现在时。主语为the sudden second child，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故翻译为Not only the burden of work and life, but also the sudden second child is what makes the today's younger generation feel exhausted.。
【54题详解】
考查固定短语。固定短语moderate diet“适度饮食”；declining health“日益下降的身体状况”。故翻译为Moderate diet, less stay up late, more physical fitness can effectively improve the middle-aged declining health.。
【55题详解】
考查固定短语。固定短语the college entrance examination “高考”；take great pains to do sth.“煞费苦心做某事”；apply for “申请”；respond sb. with “用……回应某人”。结合句意描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语均为复数名词，谓语动词用原形。故翻译为After the college entrance examination, many teachers and parents take great pains to instruct students which universities to apply for, but the students respond them with their stubbornness.。
Ⅵ. Guided writing
56.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
最近几年，随着网络购物的迅速崛起，实体店的生意越来越冷清。可以说网络购物正在逐步取代实体店购物。你觉得这种发展趋势所带来的是利还是弊？请结合自身经历谈谈你的看法。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Online Shopping or Physical Stores, How do You Choose?
In recent years, with the rapid rise of online shopping, the business of physical stores has become increasingly sluggish .It can be said that online shopping is gradually replacing physical shopping. In my view, this is a development that can lead to beneficial changes.
First of all, the influence of online shopping can promote the service quality of physical stores. I remember once I went shopping in a shopping mall, a shopping assistant thought that I had no consumption ability because I was a student, so I had a lukewarm attitude from her. As a result, I was reluctant to go to physical stores for a long time. Secondly, shopping online can improve the efficiency of shopping, which means that people do not need to try on clothes from one physical store to another.
In general, I think the benefits of online shopping cannot be ignored, and physical stores therefore need to rethink their business models.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇开放性写作。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知, 本篇为一篇议论文；最近几年，随着网络购物的迅速崛起，实体店的生意越来越冷清。可以说网络购物正在逐步取代实体店购物。你觉得这种发展趋势所带来的是利还是弊？请结合自身经历谈谈你的看法。
第2步：根据写作要求, 确定关键词（组）, 如：online shopping（网络购物）；sluggish（不景气的）；lead to（导致；引起）；service quality（服务质量）；be reluctant to（不愿意）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句, 注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时，在第二段讲述自身经历时应用一般过去时。
第4步：连句成文, 注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡, 书写一定要规范清晰, 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】范文内容完整, 语言规范, 语篇连贯, 词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式, 如In my view, this is a development that can lead to beneficial changes.运用了定语从句；I remember once I went shopping in a shopping mall, a shopping assistant thought that I had no consumption ability because I was a student, so I had a lukewarm attitude from her.运用了原因状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式, 显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外, 文章思路清晰、层次分明, 上下句转换自然, 为文章增色添彩。
上海市上海中学2019-2020学年高三上学期
第二次月考英语试题
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that bet fits each blank.
Procrastination - a Virtue When It Comes to Creativity?
Psychologist Adam Grant, from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, argues that people who “put off” solving a task for a little while - thus engaging in moderate procrastination -- are often able to come up with ___1___ (original) ideas about how to solve that task than people who get started on their work right away.
Grant makes this argument in the book Originals: How Non-conformists Change the World and reiterates it in a popular TED talk ___2___ he says that “procrastination is a vice when it comes to productivity, but it can be a virtue when it comes to creativity.” This point of view seems ___3___ (find) some support in existing studies that indicate a correlation between creativity and “putting things off.”
Grant explains that the link between moderate procrastination and originality likely ___4___ (exist) because when we actively put off a task for a while, our preoccupation with the task itself does not disappear. Instead, the unfinished work “runs in the background” of our brains, ___5___ (buy) us time to find innovative solutions.
One study ___6___ (publish) in Personality and Individual Differences in 2017 also found a link between creative ideation (coming up with creative ideas) and active procrastination. It suggested that among 853 undergraduates at Chinese universities, “active procrastinators” may be more prone to creativity.
Boredom ___7___ have something to do with this boost in creative thinking. Older research from the University of Florida in Gainesville suggests that people who procrastinate may be more prone to boredom than their peers.
And while boredom itself is a concept that sometimes has negative connotations, studies ___8___ (show) that allowing ourselves to feel bored for a while can boost our creative abilities. The researchers explain that this may be because when we are bored, we allow our minds to wander, thus “training” our imaginations.
Finally, ___9___ putting off a task forever out of fear and self-doubt may be paralyzing and unhelpful, a little bit of “directed” procrastination will likely not be harmful and may allow us to assess the task at hand more imaginatively.
And for some of us, that pressure of looking a deadline straight in the eye can be just ___10___ we need to keep us on our toes. As Calvin, one of the main characters in the comic strips Calvin and Hobbes, once said : “You can’t just turn on creativity like a faucet. You have to be in the right mood,” and that mood is “last - minute panic.”
【答案】1. more original
2. where 3. to have found
4. exists 5. buying
6. published
7. may 8. have shown
9. although
10. what
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要说明了心理学家提出那些“推迟”一段时间解决某项任务的人往往能够就如何解决这项任务提出比那些马上开始工作的人更具创意的想法。研究还发现，创造性思维与主动拖延之间存在联系。并列举了不同的研究看法。
【1题详解】
考查形容词比较级。句意：那些“推迟”一段时间解决任务的人往往比那些马上开始工作的人更能想出解决任务的更新颖的想法。根据下文than people who get started on their work right away.可知应用形容词比较级，故填more original。
【2题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：格兰特在《原创:不墨守成规者如何改变世界》一书中提出了这一观点，并在一次受欢迎的TED演讲中重申了这一观点，他说:“拖延对于生产力来说是一种恶习，但对于创造力来说却是一种美德。”本句为定语从句修饰先行词a popular TED talk，且先行词在从句中做地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这一观点似乎在现有的研究中已经找到了一些支持，这些研究表明创造力和“拖延”之间存在关联。短语seem to do“好像”，且结合语境可知强调“发现”动作发生在谓语动作之前应用to have done形式，故填to have found。
【4题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：格兰特解释说，适度的拖延和创造性之间的联系可能存在，因为当我们积极地把一项任务推迟一段时间时，我们对任务本身的关注并没有消失。本句主语为the link，且分析上下文可知为一般现在时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填exists。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：相反，未完成的工作在我们大脑的“后台运行”，为我们找到创新的解决方案赢得了时间。本句中buy做非谓语动词，与上文整个句子构成主动关系，应用现在分词。故填buying。
【6题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：2017年发表在《个性与个体差异》上的一项研究也发现，创造性思维(想出创造性想法)和积极拖延之间存在联系。本句中publish做非谓语动词与逻辑主语study构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填published。
【7题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：无聊可能与这种创造性思维的激发有关。根据下文动词为原形可知应填情态动词，且结合句意表示“可能”。故填may。
【8题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：虽然无聊本身是一个有时带有负面含义的概念，但研究表明，让自己感到无聊一段时间可以提高我们的创造力。此处强调过去的发生的动作对现在产生的影响，应用现在完成时，主语为studies。故填have shown。
【9题详解】
考查连词。句意：最后，尽管出于恐惧和自我怀疑而永远推迟一项任务可能会让人感到麻痹和无益，但一点点“定向”拖延可能不会有害，并可能让我们更有想象力地评估手头的任务。本句为让步状语从句，表示“尽管”且位于句首。故填although。
【10题详解】
考查连词。句意：对我们中的一些人来说，直视截止日期的压力正是我们保持警觉所需要的。本句为表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指代事件，故填what。
Section B
Directions; Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Why Do Chinese Parents Prefer Legos to Barbies?
Budding engineers cluster around a table - sized model of the China Art Museum, a landmark of Shanghai, adding helipads, carrot patches and other improvements with ___11___ bricks. Prising a child from Lego’s vast shop near People’s Square can be like ___12___ two stubborn bits of Lego. Li Yang, visiting for a few days from Shenzhen, has been waiting for her daughter for two hours. Zhu Yunfei, watching his son, ___13___ at the variety: “Coming here to play with him is making up for my childhood,” he says. They drop by every week.
Lego’s rise in China has been rapid and dramatic. In 2017 it ___14___ Alpha Group, a local giant, to become the country’s leading toy company (not including video games). In the past two years it has opened 89 stores. It wants 50 more by December, which will bring it to 30 cities. Its first Chinese factory started molding bricks in 2016. The toy industry is growing by 9% annually in the country, but the Danish firm’s Chinese arm notches up “very strong double digits,” says Paul Huang, its boss.
It has done so even as the brick maker’s global business has looked shakier. In 2017 Lego cut 1,400 jobs and ___15___ its first drop in revenues and profits in over a decade. But last year both ticked up again, by 4% each. Lego has thus ___16___ its status as the world’s biggest toy-maker, taken from Mattel in 2014 -- even as its American rival last year ___17___ its highest revenues in five years from its Barbie dolls.
Newly affluent（富裕的）parents in China have helped Lego ___18___. “We have not maxed out there, by far,” says Niels Christiansen, whom Lego brought in as chief executive two years ago. As in the West, the educational merits of bricks ___19___ to Chinese parents. Last year 98% of those surveyed by Lego said that play was ___20___ for their child’s well-being, even more than Americans and Danes.
【答案】11. E 12. I
13. J 14. H
15. K 16. F
17. G 18. B
19. C 20. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要说明了2017年，乐高超越了当地巨头阿尔法集团，成为中国领先的玩具公司。乐高在中国的崛起迅速而引人注目。虽然在2017年乐高收入和利润出现10多年来的首次下滑，但是中国新富起来的父母帮助乐高恢复了元气。原因是中国父母意识到玩耍对于孩子健康的重要性。
【11题详解】
考查形容词。句意：初露头角的工程师们聚集在上海地标中国美术馆的一张桌子大小的模型周围，用五颜六色的砖块添加直升机停机坪、胡萝卜地和并进行其他改进。修饰名词bricks应用形容词，且结合句意“五颜六色的”，故填colorful。故选E。
【12题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：要把一个孩子从人民广场附近乐高的大型商店拖走，就像拆开两块难以分离的乐高积木。结合下文two stubborn bits of Lego可知是从乐高积木上“拆下”积木，且like此处为介词后跟动词-ing形式，故填unsticking。故选I。
【13题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：看着儿子的朱云飞惊叹于这种多样性:“来这里和他玩弥补了我的童年，”他说。结合句意可知短语marvel at“对……惊奇”，且此处描述一般性事实用一般现在时，主语为Zhu Yunfei，谓语动词用单数。故填marvels。故选J。
【14题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：2017年，它超越了当地巨头阿尔法集团，成为中国领先的玩具公司(不包括视频游戏)。结合下文to become the country’s leading toy company (not including video games).可知是“超过了”阿尔法集团。且根据上文时间为2017年，故应用一般过去时。故填overtook。故选H。
【15题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：2017年，乐高裁员1400人，收入和利润出现10多年来的首次下滑。结合下文its first drop in revenues and profits in over a decade可知记录了10多年来收入和利润的首次下滑，且根据上文In 2017应用一般过去时。故填recorded。故选K。
【16题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：因此，乐高保持了2014年从美泰（Mattel）获得的全球最大玩具制造商的地位，尽管其美国竞争对手去年从芭比娃娃中赚取了5年来的最高收入。结合后文its status as the world’s biggest toy-maker, taken from Mattel in 2014可知乐高保持了全球最大玩具制造商的地位。且根据上文Lego has thus可知为现在完成时，故填retained。故选F。
【17题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：因此，乐高保持了2014年从美泰（Mattel）获得的全球最大玩具制造商的地位，尽管其美国竞争对手去年从芭比娃娃中赚取了5年来的最高收入。结合下文highest revenues可知“赚取”了最高收入，且根据上文last year可知应用一般过去时。故填earned。故选G。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：中国新富起来的父母帮助乐高恢复了元气。结合上文China have helped Lego可知中国新富裕起来的父母帮助乐高从亏损中恢复元气。短语help sb do sth“帮助某人做某事”，此处应用原形recover。故选B。
【19题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：和西方一样，积木的教育价值吸引了中国家长。根据上文内容中国家长帮助乐高恢复元气可知，中国家长是因为被积木的教育价值所吸引。短语appeal to“吸引”。此处应为一般现在时，主语为the educational merits of bricks，谓语动词用原形。故填appeal。故选C。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：去年，98%接受乐高调查的中国人表示，玩耍对孩子的健康至关重要，这一点甚至超过了美国人和丹麦人。结合上文was可知应填形容词作表语，且结合下文even more than Americans and Danes可知对中国家长来说玩耍对孩子的健康很重要。故填essential。故选D。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrase marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context .
Back to the Hanfu - ture: Young Chinese Revive Ancient Fashion
Dressed in a flowing long robe decorated with beaded floral embroidery from a bygone era, stylist Xiao Hang looks like she surfaced from a time machine as she strides across the bustling Beijing metro, attracting curious glances and inquisitive questions.
China was ___21___ Western fashion and futuristic technology as its economy boomed in recent decades, but a growing number of young people like Xiao are looking to the ___22___ for their sartorial choices and wearing traditional “hanfu”, or “Han clothing.”
These historic costumes of the Han ethnic majority are ___23___ a renaissance（复兴）in part because the government is promoting traditional culture in a bid to boost patriotism and national ___24___.
Period dramas have also contributed to the ___25___ in interest for traditional Chinese clothing -- The Story of Minglan, a TV series set in the song Dynasty ___26___ more than 400 million views in three days when it debuted earlier this year.
There is no ___27___ definition of what counts as hanfu since each Han-dominated dynasty had its own style, but the outfits are ___28___ by loose, flowing robes that drape around the body, with sleeves that hang down to the knees.
“When we were little, we would also drape sheets and duvets around ourselves to ___29___ we were wearing beautiful clothes,” Xiao told AFP.
Xiao, who used to work at a state - owned machine manufacturing company, now runs her own hanfu business, where she dresses customers for photo shoots and even plans hanfu - style weddings.
Yang Jiaming, a high school student in Beijing, wears his outfit under his school uniform.
“Two-thirds of my wardrobe is hanfu,” he said, decked out in a Tang-style beige gown and black boots at a hanfu gathering, ___30___ that his classmates and teachers have been supportive of his style.
A government supported ___31___ in Chinese culture has given the hanfu community a boost: Since he entered office in 2012. President Xi has supported the idea of promoting a Han - centric version of heritage.
In April, the Communist Youth League of China ___32___ a two - day conference for traditional Chinese garb, including hanfu.
A live broadcast of the event drew some 20 million viewers, alongside a heartfelt outpouring of emotions.
“Chinese people have ___33___ their own culture and chosen Western culture. The red marriage gown has now become a wedding dress,” wrote on user on Bilibili, a video - streaming platform popular among young anime, comic and gaming fans in China.
Clothes are the “___34___ of culture,” said Jiang Xue, a member of Beijing - based hanfu club Mowutianxia, which has received funding from the Communist Youth League.
“If we as a(n) ___35___ and as a country do not even understand our traditional clothing or don’t wear them, how can we talk about other essential parts of our culture?” she said.
21. A. witnessed B. pondered C. embraced D. greeted
22. A. future B. present C. past D. moment
23. A. enjoying B. undergoing C. experiencing D. recovering
24. A. approval B. acknowledgement C. confirmation D. identity
25. A. shift B. decline C. surge D. stability
26. A. inspired B. received C. welcomed D. accepted
27. A. uniform B. identical C. permanent D. consistent
28. A. specialized B. characterized C. impressed D. decorated
29. A. show B. prove C. pretend D. declare
30. A. remarking B. claiming C. saying D. adding
31. A. renewal B. renovation C. revival D. review
32. A. promoted B. initiated C. led D. launched
33. A. departed B. associated C. abandoned D. claimed
34. A. protection B. signal C. reproduction D. foundation
35. A. nation B. unity C. people D. integrity
【答案】21. C 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. D 31. C 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了中国越来越多的年轻人开始穿传统的“汉服”。这些具有历史意义的汉族服饰正在着复兴，部分原因是政府正在推广传统文化，以增强爱国主义和民族认同感。同时说明了汉服的服装特点，以及以不同的人为例来说明了汉服的意义和影响。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：近几十年来，随着中国经济的蓬勃发展，西方时尚和未来科技在中国大行其道，但像肖这样的年轻人越来越多，他们开始从过去寻找服装选择，穿传统的“汉服”。A. witnessed目击；B. pondered考虑；C. embraced围绕；接受；D. greeted打招呼。结合下文Western fashion and futuristic technology as its economy boomed in recent decades可知随着中国经济的蓬勃发展，中国被西方时尚和未来科技所围绕，这些西方的时尚和未来科技在中国大行其道。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：近几十年来，随着中国经济的蓬勃发展，西方时尚和未来科技在中国大行其道，但像肖这样的年轻人越来越多，他们开始从过去寻找服装选择，穿传统的“汉服”。A. future未来；B. present目前；C. past过去；D. moment时刻。结合下文These historic costumes可知“汉服”是一种从过去寻找到的服装选择。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些具有历史意义的汉族服饰正在享受着复兴，部分原因是政府正在推广传统文化，以增强爱国主义和民族认同感。A. enjoying享受；B. undergoing忍受；C. experiencing经历；D. recovering恢复。结合下文because the government is promoting traditional culture可知这些具有历史意义的汉族服饰正在享受着政府带来的复兴。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些具有历史意义汉族服饰正在复兴，部分原因是政府正在推广传统文化，以增强爱国主义和民族认同感。A. approval批准；B. acknowledgement承认；C. confirmation确认；D. identity同一性；身份。结合上文to boost patriotism and national可知推广传统文化，以增强爱国主义和民族认同感。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：古装剧也助长了人们对中国传统服饰的兴趣浪潮——以宋朝为背景的电视剧《知否》在今年早些时候首播时，三天内就获得了超过4亿的观看量。A. shift转移；B. decline下降；C. surge波涛；D. stability稳定性。结合下文more than 400 million views in three days when it debuted earlier this year.可知古装剧也助长了人们对中国传统服饰的兴趣浪潮。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：古装剧也助长了人们对中国传统服饰的兴趣——以宋朝为背景的电视剧《知否》在今年早些时候首播时，三天内就获得了超过4亿的观看量。A. inspired鼓舞；B. received收到；C. welcomed欢迎；D. accepted同意；认可。结合下文more than 400 million views in three days when it debuted earlier this year可知是指《知否》在三天内就收到了四亿的观看量。此处指客观上的接受、接收这种行为和动作，并不涉及主观意愿，应用动词receive。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：汉服没有统一的定义，因为每个汉朝都有自己的风格，但服装的特点是宽松、飘逸的长袍披在身上，袖子垂到膝盖。A. uniform统一的；B. identical完全相同的；C. permanent永久的；D. consistent一致的。结合下文each Han-dominated dynasty had its own style可知汉服没有统一的定义。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：汉服没有统一的定义，因为每个汉朝都有自己的风格，但服装的特点是宽松、飘逸的长袍披在身上，袖子垂到膝盖。A. specialized专门化；B. characterized以……为特点的；C. impressed印象深刻；D. decorated装饰。结合下文by loose, flowing robes that drape around the body, with sleeves that hang down to the knees.可知是在说明汉服的服装特点。故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“当我们小的时候，我们也会在自己身上围上床单和羽绒被，假装自己穿着漂亮的衣服，”肖告诉法新社。A. show展示；B. prove证明；C. pretend假装；D. declare宣布。结合上文drape sheets and duvets around ourselves会在自己身上围上床单和羽绒被是为了假装自己穿着古代漂亮的衣服。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我衣柜里三分之二的衣服都是汉服，”他说，在一次汉服聚会上，他穿着米色长袍唐装和黑色长靴，还说他的同学和老师都很支持他的风格。A. remarking评论；B. claiming声称；C. saying说；D. adding补充说。结合后文肖提到同学和老师的看法，可知是对前文的补充。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：政府支持中国文化复兴给汉服社区带来了推动作用：自习主席2012年上任以来，他支持推广以汉族为中心的文化遗产。A. renewal更新；B. renovation革新；C. revival复兴；D. review复习。结合上文内容a renaissance可知政府支持中国文化复兴。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年4月，中国共产主义青年团发起了为期两天的会议，讨论包括汉服在内的中国传统服饰。A. promoted促进；B. initiated发起；C. led导致；D. launched发起；启动。结合后文a two - day conference for traditional Chinese garb, including hanfu.可知是发起了为期两天的会议。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：中国人抛弃了自己的文化，选择了西方文化。A. departed离去；B. associated联系；C. abandoned抛弃；D. claimed声称。结合后文and chosen Western culture可知中国人抛弃了自己的文化，选择了西方文化。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：服装是“文化的基础”，来自北京汉服俱乐部“Mowutianxia”的蒋雪说。A. protection保护；B. signal信号；C. reproduction再生产；D. foundation基础。结合下文蒋雪指出穿汉服的重要性可知此处她想表达的是，服装是文化的基础。其它选项不符合语境。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“如果我们作为一个民族和一个国家，甚至不了解我们的传统服装，或者不穿它们，我们怎么能谈论我们文化的其他重要部分呢?”她说。A. nation国家；B. unity团结；C. people民族；D. integrity完整。根据后文and as a country可推知此处指作为民族和国家。故选C。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
The Ebro Delta, in Spain, famous as a battleground during the Spanish Ci War, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is making rice farmers fight against two enemies: the rice - eating giant apple snail, and rising sea levels. What happens here will have a bearing on the future of European rice production and the overall health of southern European wetlands.
Located on the Mediterranean, just two hours south of Barcelona, the Ebro Delta produces 120 million kilograms of rice a year, making it one of the continent most important rice - growing areas. As the sea creeps into these fresh-watch marshes, however, rising salinity（盐度）is hurting rice production. At the same time, this sea - water also kills off the greedy giant apple snail, an introduced pet species that fees on young rice plants. The most promising strategy has become the play one enemy off against the other.
The battle is currently being waged on land, in greenhouses at the University of Barcelona. Scientists working under the banner “Project Neurice” are seeking varieties of rice that can withstand the increasing salinity without losing the absorbency that makes European rice ideal for traditional Spanish and Italian dishes.
“ The project has two sides,” says Xavier Serrat, Neurice project manager and researcher at the University of Barcelona. “The short -term fight against the snail, and a mid-to long term fight against climate change. But the snail has given the project greater emergency.”
Originally from South America, the snails were accidentally introduced into the Ebro Delta by Global Aquatic Technologies, a company that raised the snails for fresh-water aquariums（水族馆）but failed to prevent their escape. For now, the giant apple snail’s presence in Europe is limited to the Ebro Delta. But the snail continues its march to new territory, says Serrat.
“The question is not whether it will reach other rice - growing areas of Europe, but when.”
Over the next year and a half investigators will test the various strains of salt - tolerant rice they’ve bred. In 2018, farmers will plant the varieties with the most promise in the Ebro Delta and Europe’s other two main rice- growing regions along the Po in Italy, and France’s Rhone. A season in the field will help determine which, if any of the varieties are ready for commercialization.
As an EU - funded effort, the search for salt - tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in all three countries. Each team is crossbreeding a local European short - grain rice with a long - grain Asian variety that carries the salt resistant gene. The scientists are breeding successive generations to arrive at varieties that in corporate salt tolerance but retain about 97 percent of the European rice genome（基因组）.
36. Why does the author mention the Spanish Civil War at the beginning of the passage?
A. Because it significantly influences the lives of Spanish rice farmers.
B. Because it is extremely important in the records of Spanish history.
C. Because rice farmers there are engaged in another kind of battle of similar importance.
D. Because rice farmers there are experiencing the hardships of wartime.
37. What may be the most effective strategy for rice farmers to employ in fighting their enemies?
A. Striking the weaker enemy first.
B. Killing two birds with one stone.
C. Eliminating the enemy one by one.
D. Using one enemy to fight against the other.
38. What does the Neurice project manager say about the giant apple snail?
A. It can survive only on southern European wetlands.
B. It will invade other rice - growing regions of Europe.
C. It multiplies at a speed beyond human imagination.
D. It was introduced into the rice fields on purpose.
39. What is the ultimate goal of the EU - funded program?
A. Cultivating ideal salt resistant rice varieties.
B. Increasing the absorbency of the Spanish rice.
C. Introducing Spanish rice to the rest of Europe.
D. Popularizing the rice crossbreeding technology.
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. B 39. A
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要说明了西班牙埃布罗三角洲如今正被吃水稻的巨型苹果蜗牛和不断上升的海平面所威胁。文章解释了背后的原因，以及科学家们正在寻找能够承受不断升高的盐度、同时又不丧失吸收能力的大米品种，同时预计巨型苹果蜗牛未来会继续入侵欧洲其他水稻种植区。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段The Ebro Delta, in Spain, famous as a battleground during the Spanish Ci War, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is making rice farmers fight against two enemies: the rice - eating giant apple snail, and rising sea levels.（西班牙的埃布罗三角洲曾是西班牙Ci战争期间著名的战场，现在这里又成了另一场竞赛的场地，在这场竞赛中稻农们与两个敌人作战:吃水稻的巨型苹果蜗牛和不断上升的海平面。）可知作者在文章的开头提到了西班牙内战，是因为那里的稻农正在进行另一种同样重要的战争。故选C。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中The most promising strategy has become the play one enemy off against the other.（最有希望的策略是一个敌人对付另一个敌人。）可知用一个敌人对付另一个敌人可能是稻农对付敌人最有效的策略。故选D。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第四段For now, the giant apple snail’s presence in Europe is limited to the Ebro Delta. But the snail continues its march to new territory, says Serrat.（目前，巨型苹果蜗牛在欧洲的存在仅限于埃布罗三角洲。但Serrat说，蜗牛继续向新的领域进军。）可知Neurice项目经理表示，巨型苹果蜗牛将入侵欧洲其他水稻种植区。故选B。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句As an EU - funded effort, the search for salt - tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in all three countries.（作为欧盟资助的一项努力，这三个国家都在寻找耐盐水稻品种。）可知欧盟资助项目的最终目标是培育理想的耐盐水稻品种。故选A。
(B)
Information for Visitors.
For large print versions and access information ask at the Information Desk in the Great Court call +44 (0) 30 7323 8299, or visit britishmuseum.org
Opening times
Great Court
Saturday - Thursday 09:00 - 18:00
Friday 09:00 - 20:30
Galleries and special exhibitions
Saturday - Thursday 10:00 - 17:30
Friday 10:00 - 20:30
Please note that galleries start closing 10 minutes before the published closing times.
For a list of late openings, visit britishmuseum.org or contact the Information Desk
by calling +44 (0) 20 7323 8299
The Museum is closed on 1 January, Good Friday and 24026 December.
Access
Most galleries, events and facilities at the British Museum have level access including all the cafes and the restaurant. The locations of level access toilets are shown on the map, and lifts in the Great Court provide access to all adjacent floor levels. Wheelchairs can be borrowed free of charge from both entrances or booked in advance from the Information Desk.
Temporary exhibitions are regularly accompanied with tactile images and Braille. Audio description is provided for some temporary exhibitions. All major temporary exhibitions have large print information available for use.
Touch Tours are available for the Egyptian Sculpture Gallery (Room 4) and the Parthenon Introductory Gallery (Room 18), which has Bale labels and plaster cast reliefs of the Parthenon sculptures. Request a pack from the Information Desk.
Magnifying glasses are available to borrow from the Information Desk. The Museumj regularly programmes curatorial - led handling sessions for blind and partially - sighted visitors. For further details, contact the Learning, volunteers and Audiences Department at +44 (0) 20 7323 8510 / 8850 or learningbritishmuseum.org.
British Sign Language - interpreted gallery talks take place every month. For details, see the Museum’s bi-monthly guide, What’s On, or contact the information Desk.
A Multimedia guide with signed video commentaries for over 200 highlight objects of the Museum is available from the Multimedia Guide Desk.
A Sound Enhancement System with portable induction loops is available for most gallery talks and to support sign - interpreted tours.
Family activities
Family events are regularly held at weekends and during school holidays. For more details, pick up a Families leaflet. Family backpacks and trails are available from the families Desk in the Great Court at weekends and every day during school holidays. A family souvenir guide book. Explore the British Museum, and Children’s Multimedia Guide are also available.
Events programme
The events programme includes a wide range of lectures films, special events and courses, including adult learning, family activities and more. For full details, pick up What’s On from the Information Desk in the Great Court.
Regulations for visitors
To heop everyone enjoy the Museum, please:
Keep mobiles in silent mode and don’t take calls in gallery spaces
Don’t touch the objects (you can handle selected objects at the Hands - On desks -- ask at the Information Desk for details)
Don’t smoke on the premises
Don’t eat or drink in the galleries
Sketching with pencil in the galleries is allowed. Photography is permitted in selected galleries, for non-commercial uses. CCTV is in operation at all times in the British Museum.
Facilities
Cloakrooms
The main cloakroom is to the left of the Main entrance, a second cloakroom is located by the Montague Place entrance. The cloakrooms do not accept large luggage (maximum dimensions: 40 × 40 × 50 cm).
(Copyright 2002, 2007 and 2008 the Trustees of the British Museum. Printed in Italy.)
40. Where can you probably find this information?
A. The official website of the British Museum.
B. The map with color plans and visitor information of the British Museum.
C. A leaflet distributed on the streets near the British Museum.
D. The notice board at the entrance of the British Museum.
41. If a family with two adults and three teenagers from the Untied States want to take part in the family activities of the Museum, they should pay attention to the following information EXCEPT that _________.
A. the Museum is closed at Christmas and on New Year’s Day and Good Friday but not on school holiday
B. all the backpacks and luggage including the large ones should be deposited in the cloakrooms before entering
C. families are allowed to touch the selected objects at the Hands - On desks in the museum
D. teenagers an sketch with pencil and take photos in selected galleries for their schoolwork
42. Which of the following statements is true about access to the Museum?
A. Wheelchairs can be borrowed and booked in advance with a deposit.
B. Some major temporary exhibitions don’t provide large print information but audio description is available.
C. The Museum provides curatorial - led handling sessions for blind and partially - sighted visitors if required.
D. Visitors can borrow a Multimedia Guide and a sound enhancement system is available to support sign - interpreted tours.
【答案】40. B 41. B 42. D
【解析】
这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了大英博物馆的一些信息，如开放时间、馆里提供设施、活动和游客规定等。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段For large print versions and access information, ask at the Information Desk in the Great Court call +44 (0) 30 7323 8299, or visit britishmuseum.org（如需大型印刷版和访问信息，请咨询+44(0)30 7323 8299的咨询台，或访问britishmuseum.org）以及下文主要介绍大英博物馆各个部分的开放时间和活动信息，可知你可能在大英博物馆的彩色地图和游客信息上找到这篇文章。故选B。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据Galleries and special exhibitions部分中The Museum is closed on 1 January, Good Friday and 24-26 December.（博物馆在1月1日，耶稣受难日和12月24日到26日闭馆。）以及Regulations for visitors部分中Don’t touch the objects (you can handle selected objects at the Hands - On desks -- ask at the Information Desk for details)；Sketching with pencil in the galleries is allowed. Photography is permitted in selected galleries, for non-commercial uses. CCTV is in operation at all times in the British Museum.（不要触摸物品(你可以在服务台用手触摸选定的物品，详情可向服务台询问);允许在画廊用铅笔素描。在选定的画廊里，允许进行非商业用途的摄影。大英博物馆的闭路电视一直在工作。）可知如果一个有两个美国成年人和三个美国青少年的家庭想要参加博物馆的家庭活动，他们需要注意：博物馆在圣诞节、元旦和耶稣受难日闭馆，但在学校放假期间不开放；可以在服务台用手触摸选定的物品以及允许在画廊用铅笔素描。除了B选项：所有的背包和行李包括大型的进入前应存放在衣帽间。故选B。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据Access部分中A Multimedia guide with signed video commentaries for over 200 highlight objects of the Museum is available from the Multimedia Guide Desk. A Sound Enhancement System with portable induction loops is available for most gallery talks and to support sign - interpreted tours.（附有手语解说的多媒体导赏台提供超过200件博物馆重点文物的多媒体指南。一个带有便携式感应回路的声音增强系统可用于大多数的画廊演讲，并支持手语解说。）可知旅客可外借多媒体指南，并可使用声音增强系统，并支持手语解说。故选D。
(C)
Types of Social Groups
Life places us in a complex web of relationships with other people. Our humanness arises out of these relationships in the course of social interaction. Moreover, our humanness must be sustained through social interaction -- and fairly constantly so. When an association continues long enough for two people to become linked together by a relatively stable set of expectations, it is called a relationship.
People are bound within relationships by two types of bonds: expressive ties and instrumental ties. Expressive ties are social links formed when we emotionally invest ourselves in and commit ourselves to other people. Through association with people who are meaningful to us, we achieve a sense of security, love, acceptance, companionship, and personal worth. Instrumental ties are social links focused when we cooperate with other people to achieve some goal.
Occasionally, this may mean working with, instead of against, competitors. More often, we simply cooperate with others to reach some end without endowing the relationship with any larger significance.
Sociologists have built on the distinction between expressive and instrumental ties to distinguish between two types of groups: primary and secondary. A primary group involves two or more people who enjoy a direct, intimate, cohesive relationship with one another. Expressive ties predominate in primary groups: we view the people as ends in themselves and valuable in their own right. A secondary group entails two or more people who are involved in an impersonal relationship and have come together for a specific, practical purpose. Instrumental ties predominate in secondary groups ; we perceive people as means to ends rather than as ends in their own right. sometimes primary group relationships evolve out of secondary group relationships. This happens in many work settings. People on the job often develop close relationships with coworkers as they come to share gripes, jokes, gossip, and satisfactions.
A number of conditions enhance the likelihood that primary groups will arise. First, group size is important. We find it difficult to get to know people personally when they are milling about and dispersed in large groups. In small groups we have a better chance to initiate contact and establish rapport with them. Second, face - to - face contact allows us to size up others. Seeing and talking with one another in close physical proximity makes possible a subtle exchange of ideas and feelings. And third, the probability that we will develop primary group bonds increases as we have frequent and continuous contact. Our ties with people often deepen as we interact with them across time and gradually evolve interlocking habits and interests.
Primary groups are fundamental to us and to society. Sociologists view primary groups as bridges between individuals and the larger society because they transmit, mediate, and interpret a society’s cultural patterns and provide the sense of oneness so critical for social solidarity. Primary groups, then serve both as carriers of social norms and as enforcers of them.
43. According to Paragraph 1, which of the following statements is true of a relationship?
A. It is a structure of associations with many people.
B. It should be studied in the course of social interaction.
C. It places great demands on people.
D. It develops gradually over time.
44. Which of the following can be inferred from the author’s claim in paragraph 4 that primary group relationships sometimes evolve out of secondary group relationships?
A. Secondary group relationships begin by being primary group relationships.
B. A secondary group relationship that is highly visible quickly becomes a primary group relationship.
C. Sociologists believe that only primary group relationships are important to society.
D. Even in secondary groups, frequent communication serves to bring people into close relationships.
45. The phrase “size up” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to “________”.
A. enlarge B. evaluate
C. impress D. accept
46. This passage is developed primarily by ________.
A. drawing comparisons between theory and practice
B. presenting two opposing theories
C defining important concepts
D. discussing causes and their effects
【答案】43. D 44. D 45. B 46. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们在关系中被两种纽带所束缚:表达性联系和工具性联系，分别说明了这两种联系的含义，以及在此基础上的两种群体类型:主要群体和次要群体，以及这两种群体的含义和区别。以及提高初级群体出现可能性的三个条件。最后表达初级群体的意义：它是我们和社会的基础，它既是社会规范的载体，又是社会规范的执行者。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中When an association continues long enough for two people to become linked together by a relatively stable set of expectations, it is called a relationship.（当一段关系持续足够长的时间，使两个人通过一组相对稳定的期望联系在一起时，这就叫做关系。）可知一段关系随着时间的推移而逐渐发展。故选D。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中This happens in many work settings. People on the job often develop close relationships with coworkers as they come to share gripes, jokes, gossip, and satisfactions.（这在很多工作环境中都会发生。在工作中，当人们分享抱怨、笑话、八卦和乐事时，他们经常会与同事建立亲密的关系。）可知从作者在第4段中提出的主要群体关系有时由次要群体关系演变而来的观点中，我们可以推断出即使在第二群体中，频繁的交流也有助于人们建立亲密的关系。故选D。
【45题详解】
词义猜测题。根据下文Seeing and talking with one another in close physical proximity makes possible a subtle exchange of ideas and feelings.可知近距离的观察和交谈使思想和感情的微妙交流成为可能。即面对面的接触让我们能够评估他人。故短语意思为“评估”，故选B。
【46题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章主要内容，尤其是第二段主要说明了人们关系中的两种纽带关系的含义，以及第四段说明了由这两种关系而发展而来的两个群体的含义和区别。可推知这篇文章主要是通过定义重要的概念来展开的。故选C。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
It’s time to re-evaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get ou where you want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals.
Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? Nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling, “very tired” or “exhausted,” according to a recent study.
______47______ It’s also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying “no.” Women want to be able to do it all -- volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals -- and so their answer to any request is often “Yes, I can.”
Women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. _____48_____.
At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don’t want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. ____49____ Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what’s the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem -- even if that means doing the boring work themselves.
This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor in who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. _____50_____ Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, It may highlight your inability to delegate effectively.
A. Unfortunately, this inability to say “no” may be hurting women’s heath as well as their career.
B. Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely -- including staff expertise.
C. For example, there’s a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over who should be the one to fix it.
D. Men and women tend to behave differently when faced with a dispute
E. This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children .
F. The reason why women in this age range suffer so much is that they cannot say “no.”
【答案】47. E 48. A 49. C 50. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。根据最近的一项研究，18-44岁的女性中感到“非常累”或“筋疲力尽”的人数几乎是男性的两倍。女性感到疲惫的一个原因是她们很难说“不”，包括生活和工作中。文章继续说明了在工作场所中男性和女性处理冲突方式的不同，指出处理冲突的这种差异要求领导者必须能够明智地分配和管理资源。
【47题详解】
根据下文It’s also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home.（这个年龄段也是许多女性试图平衡事业和家庭的年龄。）中the age range可对应到E选项中this is the age range when women have children。表示“考虑到这是女性生育孩子的年龄范围，这可能不足为奇。”符合上下文语境。故选E。
【48题详解】
结合上文Women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues.（出于类似的原因，女性在职场中也很难说“不”，包括想要被同事喜欢。）中say “no”可对应到A选项中this inability to say “no”，且表示“不幸的是，这种不能说“不”的能力可能会损害女性的健康和事业。”符合上下文语境。故选A。
【49题详解】
结合下文Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what’s the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem -- even if that means doing the boring work themselves.（男人更倾向于从什么对他们最有利角度来面对争端，而女人则可能从什么是解决问题最简单、最快捷的方法来面对同样的争端——即使那意味着自己要做那些无聊的工作。）可推知是在说明面对一个解决问题的争端，男人和女人的不同反应。故C选项“例如，有一个问题需要立即解决，导致了关于谁应该解决它的争论。”符合上下文语境。故选C。
【50题详解】
结合下文Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, It may highlight your inability to delegate effectively.（承担更多的工作量可能不会让你得到晋升。相反，它可能会突出你无法有效地委派工作。）可推知面对任务的分配，一个领导必须能够做出明智的决定，否则承担更多的工作量可能不会让你得到晋升。相反，它可能会突出你无法有效地委派工作。故B选项“领导者必须能够明智地分配和管理资源——包括员工的专业技能。”符合上下文语境。故选B。
Ⅳ. Summary Writing
51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Researchers have just offered evidence in a study that says obesity appears to spread through social ties, much like a virus. When one person gains weight, their close friends often follow. But the finding might also offer hope.
The researchers examined more than 40,000 social ties. They found that a person’s chance of becoming severely overweight increased by 57% if a friend had become obese. A sister or brother of a person who became obese had a 40% increased chance of becoming obese. The risk for a wife or husband was a little less than that.
Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medial School was a lead investigator in the study. He says there is a direct causal relationship between a person getting fat and being followed in weight gain by a friend. The study found that the sex of the friends was also an influence. In same-sex friendships a person had a 70% increased risk of becoming obese. Men had a 44% increased risk of becoming obese after weight gain in brother. In sisters, it was 67%.
The researchers also considered the effect of where people lived in relation to each other. James Fowler of the University of California, San Diego, was the other lead investigator. He says a friend who lives a few hundred kilometers away has as much influence as one in the same neighborhood. He says the study demonstrates the need to consider that a major part of people’s health is tied to their social connections.
Both investigators say their research shows that obesity is not just a private medical issue, but a public health problem.
【答案】Researchers have offered evidence in a study that says obesity appears to spread through social ties，which means there is a direct causal relationship between a person getting fat and being followed in weight gain by a friend. The investigators say their research shows that obesity is not just a private medical issue, but a public health problem.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇概要写作。
【详解】写作步骤
1）细读原文。首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握文章主旨。文章说明了研究人员在一项研究中提供的证据表明，肥胖似乎是通过社会关系传播的，这意味着一个人变胖和他的朋友变胖之间存在直接的因果关系。研究人员表示，他们的研究表明，肥胖不仅是一个私人医疗问题，也是一个公共健康问题。
2）弄清结构，归纳段意。概要写作是写全文概要，不是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。因此一定要弄清文章结构，归纳文章各段大意。
3）列出原文要点。分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）在写作时要特别注意下面几点：
（1）概要应包括原文中的主要事实，略去不必要的细节。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例，概要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语，以免显得生硬。
（4）不排斥用原文的某些词句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的话语表达，至少对原文句子做一些同义词替换，如果结构上也能有一些转换会更好。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
Ⅴ. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 这家主题乐园受到消费者的质疑是因为它的某些规则存在“双标”的可能性。(likely)
53. 令当今年轻一代感到心力交瘁的不仅是繁重的工作和生活压力，还有突如其来的二胎。(exhaust)
54. 适度饮食、少熬夜、多养身能有效改善中年人日益下降的健康状况。(improve)
55. 高考过后，很多老师和家长煞费苦心指导学生该报考哪所大学，结果学生们依旧固执己见，一意孤行。(respond)
【答案】52. The reason why the theme park has been questioned by consumers is that there is likely to be a possibility of "double-labeling" in its some rules.
53. Not only the burden of work and life, but also the sudden second child is what makes the today's younger generation feel exhausted.
54. Moderate diet, less stay up late, more physical fitness can effectively improve the middle-aged declining health.
55. After the college entrance examination, many teachers and parents take great pains to instruct students which universities to apply for, but the students respond them with their stubbornness.
【解析】
考查句子翻译。
【52题详解】
考查固定短语和固定句式。固定句式the reason why…is that…“……的原因是……”；固定短语be likely to do“很可能”。结合句意可知主句为一般现在时，从句为现在完成时。故翻译为The reason why the theme park has been questioned by consumers is that there is likely to be a possibility of "double-labeling" in its some rules.。
【53题详解】
考查固定短语和主谓一致。固定短语not only…but also…“不仅……而且……”；短语make sb.+形容词表示“让某人感觉……”，此处修饰人表示“令人精疲力竭的”应用-ed结尾形容词exhausted。结合句意应用一般现在时。主语为the sudden second child，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故翻译为Not only the burden of work and life, but also the sudden second child is what makes the today's younger generation feel exhausted.。
【54题详解】
考查固定短语。固定短语moderate diet“适度饮食”；declining health“日益下降的身体状况”。故翻译为Moderate diet, less stay up late, more physical fitness can effectively improve the middle-aged declining health.。
【55题详解】
考查固定短语。固定短语the college entrance examination “高考”；take great pains to do sth.“煞费苦心做某事”；apply for “申请”；respond sb. with “用……回应某人”。结合句意描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语均为复数名词，谓语动词用原形。故翻译为After the college entrance examination, many teachers and parents take great pains to instruct students which universities to apply for, but the students respond them with their stubbornness.。
Ⅵ. Guided writing
56.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
最近几年，随着网络购物的迅速崛起，实体店的生意越来越冷清。可以说网络购物正在逐步取代实体店购物。你觉得这种发展趋势所带来的是利还是弊？请结合自身经历谈谈你的看法。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Online Shopping or Physical Stores, How do You Choose?
In recent years, with the rapid rise of online shopping, the business of physical stores has become increasingly sluggish .It can be said that online shopping is gradually replacing physical shopping. In my view, this is a development that can lead to beneficial changes.
First of all, the influence of online shopping can promote the service quality of physical stores. I remember once I went shopping in a shopping mall, a shopping assistant thought that I had no consumption ability because I was a student, so I had a lukewarm attitude from her. As a result, I was reluctant to go to physical stores for a long time. Secondly, shopping online can improve the efficiency of shopping, which means that people do not need to try on clothes from one physical store to another.
In general, I think the benefits of online shopping cannot be ignored, and physical stores therefore need to rethink their business models.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇开放性写作。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知, 本篇为一篇议论文；最近几年，随着网络购物的迅速崛起，实体店的生意越来越冷清。可以说网络购物正在逐步取代实体店购物。你觉得这种发展趋势所带来的是利还是弊？请结合自身经历谈谈你的看法。
第2步：根据写作要求, 确定关键词（组）, 如：online shopping（网络购物）；sluggish（不景气的）；lead to（导致；引起）；service quality（服务质量）；be reluctant to（不愿意）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句, 注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时，在第二段讲述自身经历时应用一般过去时。
第4步：连句成文, 注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡, 书写一定要规范清晰, 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】范文内容完整, 语言规范, 语篇连贯, 词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式, 如In my view, this is a development that can lead to beneficial changes.运用了定语从句；I remember once I went shopping in a shopping mall, a shopping assistant thought that I had no consumption ability because I was a student, so I had a lukewarm attitude from her.运用了原因状语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式, 显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外, 文章思路清晰、层次分明, 上下句转换自然, 为文章增色添彩。
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