北京市第四中学2020届高三上学期期中考试英语试题

北京四中2020届上学期高三年级期中考试英语试卷
第一部分：听力(共三节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。
1. What time are the speakers going to meet?
A. At 6:45. B. At 7:00. C. At 9:00.
2. When will the man have his next fitness lesson?
A. On Wednesday. B. On Friday. C. On Saturday.
3. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. In the library. B. At the airport. C. At the railway station.
4. What will the man do tomorrow evening?
A. Visit his grandma. B. Attend a party. C. Pick up the twins.
5. What is the woman doing?
A. Giving suggestions. B. Making complaints.
C. Asking for help.
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。
6. What is the possible relationship between the speakers?
A. Colleagues. B. Schoolmates. C. Neighbors.
7. Why does the woman come to the man’s building?
A. To visit the man. B. To have an interview.
C. To attend a meeting.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. Why did the man stay up late last night?
A. He was writing a report.
B. He was doing an experiment.
C. He was looking for his notes.
9. What is the woman going to do?
A. Take the man to the hospital. B. Help the man with the work.
C. Drive the man to school.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Why can’t the woman go rose-picking?
A. Because she hasn’t paid for it. B. Because she is allergic to roses.
C. Because she has something else to do.
11. Which activity does the woman decide to do finally?
A. Mushroom-hunting. B. Tree-planting. C. Strawberry-picking.
12. How does the woman feel about the activity she will choose?
A. Challenging. B. Relaxing. C. Enjoyable.
听第9段材料，回答第13至15题。
13. What are the two speakers talking about?
A. An interesting woman. B. A weekend activity. C. A way of life.
14. How do the speakers usually go shopping?
A. On foot. B. By car. C. By bike.
15. What does the woman suggest doing this weekend?
A. Collecting rubbish. B. Shopping out of town. C. Joining the eco-team.
第三节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，共7.5分)
听下面一段对话，完成第16至20题，每小题仅填写一个词。听对话前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后，你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段对话你将听两遍。
A Train Trip
Length of the train trip
16 hours
What to see on the way
Desert 17 right next to the track
An old wooden 18
Large 19 rocks
What to sell on the train
Souvenirs and 20

第二部分：知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The word “diary” comes from the Latin word “diarium”, ___1___ means “daily allowance”. It refers to a book for writings by date. And it ___2___ (use) for business notes, planning activities, keeping track of scheduled appointments, or documenting ___3___ has already happened. Some doctors suggest that ___4___ (write) in a diary is a good form of self-study.
【答案】1. which
2. is used 3. what
4. writing
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了单词diary的历史和作用。
【1题详解】
考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知此处是非限制性定语从句关系词，先行词diarium在从句中充当主语，故用关系代词which，故填which。
【2题详解】
考查时态和语态。此处是句子谓语动词，根据前文的refers判断为一般现在时，又it和use之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，又主语是第三人称单数，故填is used。
【3题详解】
考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知此处是宾语从句连接词，从句___3___ has already happened缺少主语，且意为“什么”，故用连接代词what，故填what。
【4题详解】
考查动名词。分析句子结构可知此处是宾语从句的主语，故用动名词形式，故填writing。
【点睛】第3小题考查宾语从句连接词，判断连接词一般分为三步：判断从句成分是否完整；判断从句意义是否完整；考虑特殊情况。以本题为例：
判断从句成分是否完整：__3___ has already happened缺少主语，故用连接代词
判断从句意义是否完整：缺少“什么”之意，故用连接代词what
考虑特殊情况：无
故填what
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
We celebrate Teachers’ Day every September 10th. ___5___ that day, we will send best wishes and express our thanks to our dear teachers for their hard work. Some students write thank-you ___6___ (card) to our teachers; others would like to send ___7___ (they) beautiful flowers. Sometimes we prepare performances or give them hand-made gifts. In our school, we also have a tradition of serving tea to each teacher in the morning.
【答案】5. On 6. cards
7. them
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了学生如何为老师庆祝教师节。
【5题详解】
考查介词。此处考查on表示在具体某天，故填On。
【6题详解】
考查名词的数。此处应填名词作为write的宾语，结合前文的students判断用名词复数形式，故填cards。
【7题详解】
考查代词。此处作为send的宾语，应用代词宾格形式，故填them。
【点睛】第1小题考查和时间连用介词
表 “在……”一般时间多用三个介词，分别是：at, on, in。而这三个介词大概的顺序也是从小到达的排列。
比如：
at: （小）多用于具体的时间 at 6' clock， at night
on: (中) 多用于星期， on Monday
具体到几月几号 on May 1st
具体某天的早中晚 on a cold morning
in: (大) 多用于世纪 in the 21th C
年 in 2009
季节 in Winter, in Summer
月 in January, in May
泛指早、中、晚 in the morning, in the afternoon
本文具体指9月10日，故用介词on。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Last Thursday, we had a class meeting ___8___ (discuss) where to go for our spring outing. We ___9___ (come) up with several choices such as going boating, climbing a mountain, and going to an amusement park. ___10___ (final), we decided to go mountain climbing.
【答案】8. to discuss
9. came 10. Finally
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者所在班级讨论春游去哪儿，大家提出了很多选择，最终决定去爬山。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知此处应填非谓语动词，结合句意可知表目的，故用不定式，故填to discuss。
【9题详解】
考查时态。根据前文的last Thursday判断为一般过去时，故填came。
【10题详解】
考查副词。此处应填副词修饰后面的整个句子，故填Finally。
第二节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
A Different View
At age 14, 15 and 16, the way we looked was the most important thing in the world to us. My friends and I wanted nothing less than perfection.
In high school, we joined the gymnastics (体操) team, and our ___11___ became even more important to us. We had no fat, only muscle. On the weekends, we would go to the beach,___12___ of our flat stomachs.
One summer day, all my friends were at my house ___13___. At one point, I was running back to the pool. I ___14___ on a bee, and while it was dying under my foot, it stung (蛰) me. I instantly started to feel ___15___. That night, I began to run a high fever and my leg and foot were red, hot and swollen. I couldn’t walk. I could barely ___16___.
When my foot started to go numb, everyone became more ___17___. My foot was not getting enough blood. I had to go to the ___18___, and my leg hurt as if it were badly broken. I couldn’t move. All I could do was think about how soft my middle was becoming. That ___19___ me more than any concern over my leg.
That would all ___20___ when I heard the doctors mention possibly cutting off my foot. It was still not getting the ___21___ supply it needed. The doctors would have to speed up their treatment.
Never before did I have such great ___22___ for my foot. And walking seemed like a ___23___ from the gods. Less and less would I want to hear my friends talk about ___24___ and who was wearing what. More and more I expected visits from other kids in the hospital, who were quickly becoming my friends.
One girl came to visit me ___25___. Every time she came, she brought flowers. She was recovering from cancer and felt she should come back and ___26___ the other patients.
She still had no hair, and she was swollen from medications she had been taking. I would not have given this girl a second ___27___ before. I now loved every inch of her and looked forward to her ___28___.
Finally, I was improving and soon I went home. My leg was still swollen,___29___ I was walking, and I had my foot! When I would go back to the hospital, I often saw my friend. She was still visiting people and ___30___ good cheer. I thought if there was an angel on this earth, it had to be her.
11. A. grades B. brains C. bodies D. clothes
12. A. ashamed B. proud C. sure D. tired
13. A. dancing B. chatting C. jogging D. swimming
14. A. stepped B. focused C. held D. took
15. A. upset B. fearful C. sick D. anxious
16. A. jump B. run C. stand D. rest
17 A. concerned B. relieved C. surprised D. interested
18. A. beach B. hospital C. gym D. school
19. A. blamed B. impressed C. shocked D. troubled
20. A. change B. bother C. help D. happen
21. A. nutrition B. blood C. time D. air
22. A. observation B. devotion C. appreciation D. evaluation
23. A. gift B. hand C. promise D. treat
24. A. homework B. appointment C. movies D. gymnastics
25. A. suddenly B. regularly C. eventually D. recently
26. A. advise B. encourage C. serve D. instruct
27. A. choice B. thought C. glance D. chance
28. A. words B. ideas C. flowers D. visits
29. A. but B. then C. so D. for
30. A. enjoying B. gaining C. discovering D. spreading
【答案】11. C 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. C 16. C 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. A 21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是记叙文。讲的是在14到16岁期间，作者参加了体操队，这时对作者来说最重要的是她的身体形象。但是作者一次无意中踩到一只蜜蜂，然后她开始生病，更发展到不能走路，作者很崩溃；这时一个正在从癌症中恢复的小女孩定期来看作者，并鼓励她，这让作者重新振作起来，她的病也开始慢慢好起来。作者认为这个小女孩才是天使。
【11题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。grade分数；brain大脑；body身体；clothes衣服。由上下文可知，“我”们参加了体操队。我们身上只有肌肉，没有脂肪。故可推知，“我”们的身体对我们来说更重要。故选C。
12题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。ashamed羞愧的；proud骄傲的，自豪的；sure肯定的；tired疲惫的。由上文可知，作者练习体操。身材非常重要，所以他们对自己扁平的腹部很骄傲。故选B。
【13题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。dance跳舞；chat聊天；jog慢跑；swim游泳。下一句提到，作者跑回到游泳池中。由此可知，她的朋友们到作者家来游泳。故选D。
【14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。step跨步，迈步，踩；focus（使）集中，（使）聚集；hold拿，握；take拿走，取走。由语境可知，作者踩住了一只蜜蜂。故选A。
【15题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。upset心烦的，苦恼的；fearful害怕的，恐惧的；sick生病的，恶心的；anxious渴望的，焦虑的。由上文可知，作者被蜜蜂蜇了，晚上就发高烧。由此可知，作者刚被咬了，马上就感觉非常不舒服。故选C。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。jump跳；run跑；stand站；rest休息。由上文可知，腿和脚红肿，作者不能走路，所以可以推知作者几乎不能站立。故选C。
【17题详解】
A 考查形容词词义辨析。concerned关心的，担心的；relieved感到宽慰的；surprised惊讶的；interested感兴趣的。由语境可知，当作者的脚没有了知觉时，所有的人更加担心（作者了）。故选A。
【18题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。beach海滩；hospital医院；gym体育馆；school学校。由语境可知，作者的脚的伤势越来越严重，作者不得不去医院。故选B。
【19题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。blame责备；impress给……留下印象；shock使震惊；trouble使烦恼。上一句提到，作者身体的中部越来越软（越无力），这种情况使作者更烦恼，因为作者是练体操的，这超过了腿部带给她的烦恼。故选D。
【20题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。change改变；bother使烦恼，使担忧；help帮助；happen发生。由语境可知，作者听到医生说要将她的脚截去，在这种情况下，一切都将会发生变化。故选A。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。nutrition营养；blood血；time时间；air空气。第三段提到作者的脚部得不到足够的血液。由该句中的still可知，作者的脚仍然得不到足够的血液。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。observation观察；devotion贡献，献身；appreciation欣赏，感激，了解；evaluation评估。由语境可知，作者的脚受伤，不能行走，这时，作者才意识到脚的重要性，感激自己的脚可以让自己的行走。由此可知，以前作者从未如此感激自己的脚。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。gift礼物；hand手；promise诺言；treat治疗。由上文可知，作者行走不容易，故走路对作者而言就像是来自上帝的礼物。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。homework作业；appointment约定，约会；movie电影；gymnastics体操。由语境可知，作者的脚受伤，无法行动，更无法像以前那样练习体操。所以作者越来越不愿意听到朋友们谈论和体操有关的东西。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。suddenly突然；regularly定期地，有规律地；eventually最后，最终；recently最近，近来。由下文every time可知，有一个女孩子经常来看作者。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。advise建议；encourage鼓励；serve为……服务；instruct指示，指导，命令。上文提到，这个女孩子正在从癌症中康复过来。所以她认为自己应该回医院鼓励其他病人。最后一个空后面的“good cheer” 亦是呼应。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。choice选择；thought想法；glance一瞥；chance机会。下一句提到作者现在非常喜欢这个女孩子的到来。故可推知，以前（在作者脚未受伤之前），她对这个女孩子肯定不屑一顾，不会在意她。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。word词；idea想法，主意；flower花；visit看望，访问，参观。由上一句可知，作者喜欢这个女孩子，盼望她来看望自己。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。but但是；then是副词，意为“然后，那么”；so所以，因此；for因为。由下一句“I had my foot”可知，作者的脚伤渐愈。所以前后两句话之间是转折关系：尽管我的腿仍然很肿胀，但是我可以行走了。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。enjoy喜欢，欣赏；gain获得；discover发现；spread(使)传播，(使)散布，(使)扩散。由语境可知，女孩子到医院来鼓励其他病人，就相当于是将勇气传播给人们。故选D。
【点睛】做完形填空时要瞻前顾后，利用好语境，抓关键词。【小题11】考查名词词义辨析。nutrition营养；blood血；time时间；air空气。第三段提到作者的脚部得不到足够的血液。由该句中的still可知，作者的脚仍然得不到足够的血液。故选B。
【小题12】考查名词词义辨析。observation观察；devotion贡献，献身；appreciation欣赏，感激，了解；evaluation评估。由语境可知，作者的脚受伤，不能行走，这时，作者才意识到脚的重要性，感激自己的脚可以让自己的行走。由此可知，以前作者从未如此感激自己的脚。故选C。【小题15】考查副词词义辨析。suddenly突然；regularly定期地，有规律地；eventually最后，最终；recently最近，近来。由下文every time可知，有一个女孩子经常来看作者。故选B。
第三部分：阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，共30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Let’s Go and Fly a Kite
—at Piedmont Middle School’s celebration of kites!
Come and learn how to build all sorts of kites, from the simplest diamond-shaped kites to the most complex box kites. Stay as long as you like and build as many kites as you want. Once you have finished a kite, get advice on flying techniques from kite expert Lorena Hallsberg. The celebration will be at Piedmont Middle School,151 Piedmont School Drive.
The Piedmont Middle School Parent Teacher Organization (PTO)has organized a refreshment(茶点)tent. All profits will benefit future PTO activities. Take a break from kite flying and drink some lemonade! While you are doing so, why not join the PTO? Membership is free; you just donate your time. Show your support for Piedmont Middle School by joining the PTO this Saturday!
When: Saturday,April 11,from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
Where: Piedmont Middle School
Why: For fun!
Cost: Free, thanks to a generous gift from Bizarco Kite Company!
Schedule
9:00 a.m.—Kite-building booths open. All materials are supplied for kites.
10:00 a.m.—Kite-building shows by Lorena Hallsberg in the courtyard. Come by and learn how to build box kites and kites that look and fly like butterflies.
11:00 a.m.—Kite-flying shows on the school track. Learn all the most important skills.
12:00 p.m.—Kite-flying competitions on the school track.
1:00 p.m.—Presentation by Dr.Brian Lehrman in the show tent:“The History of Kites”.
2:00 p.m.—Best Kite competitions and judging in the show tent. Come and see the most artistic kites and the most interesting theme kites.
3:00 p.m.—Presentation by Dr.Lehrman in the show tent:“Kites and Science”.
3:30 p.m.—Awards ceremony conducted by Headmaster Seward on the football field. The results of the day’s judging will be announced, with awards such as Best of Show, Most Artistic, Highest Flyer, and others. Winners will receive gifts from the Bizarco Kite Company!
4:00—5:00 p.m.—Let’s all go and fly a kite! Everyone flies kites at the same time, creating a wonderful sight for all to enjoy.
Come to the kite celebration. Enjoy yourself and learn more.
31. Which times are most important for people who want to join in kite competitions?
A. 10:00 am and 11:00 a.m.. B. 12:00 p.m. and 2:00 p.m..
C. 1:00 pm and 3:00 p.m.. D. 2:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m..
32. From the passage, we know that the kite celebration 　　　.
A. is enjoyable and educational
B. is strict about the shapes of kites
C. gets money from PTO of Piedmont Middle School
D. gives people a chance to see kites from around the world
33. The passage is intended for 　　　　.
A. school staff B. kite experts
C. students and parents D. kite companies
【答案】31. B 32. A 33. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一个中学的风筝比赛，呼吁人们支持皮德蒙特中学的PTO组织，吸引读者加入。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中12:00 pm—Kite-flying competitions on the school track.和2:00 pm—Best Kite competitions and judging in the show tent. 可知，参加风筝比赛的人需要记住两个重要的时间，分别是12点和下午2点。故选B。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一句Come to the kite celebration, enjoy yourself and learn more.可知，风筝庆祝活动既有乐趣也能学到很多。由此可知，风筝庆祝活动是令人愉快和有教育意义的。故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章标题Let’s Go and Fly a Kite—at Piedmont Middle School’s celebration of kites!（我们去放风筝吧—在皮埃蒙特中学庆祝风筝节!）可知，这篇文章主要写给学生和家长看的，目的是邀请他们来参加风筝活动。故选C。
B
From the very beginning of school we make books and reading a constant source of possible failure and public humiliation(侮辱). When children are little we make them read aloud before the teacher and other children, so that we can be sure they “know” all the words they are reading. This means that when they don’t know a word, they are going to make a mistake, right in front of everyone. After having taught fifth-grade classes for four years, I decided to try at all costs to rid them of their fear and dislike of books, and to get them to read oftener and more adventurously.
One day soon after school had started, I said to them, “Now I’m going to say something about reading that you have probably never heard a teacher say before. I would like you to read a lot of books this year, but I want you to read them only for pleasure. I am not going to ask you questions to find out whether you understand the books or not. If you understand enough of a book to enjoy it and want to go on reading it, that’s enough for me. Also I’m not going to ask you what words mean.”
The children sat stunned and silent. Was this teacher talking seriously? One girl who had just come to us from a school where she had had a very hard time, looked at me steadily for a long time after I had finished. Then, still looking at me, she said slowly and seriously, Mr Holt, do you really mean that “I said just as seriously?” I mean every word of it.
During the spring she really astonished me. One day, she was reading at her desk. From a glimpse of the illustrations(插图) I thought I knew what the book was. I said to myself, “It can’t be,” and went to take a closer look. Sure enough, she was reading Moby Dick. I said, “Don’t you find parts of it rather heavy going” She answered, “Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part.”
This is exactly what reading, I think, should be: find something, dive into it, take the good parts, skip the bad parts, get what you can out of it, and then go on to something else.
34. According to the passage, children’s fear and dislike of books may result from ___________.
A. reading little and thinking little
B. reading often and adventurously
C. being made to read too much
D. being made to read aloud before others
35. The teacher told his students to read ___________.
A. for higher scores in exams B. for knowledge
C. for enjoyment D. for a larger vocabulary
36. Upon hearing the teacher’s talk, the children probably felt that ___________.
A. it sounded stupid
B. it was not surprising at all
C. it sounded too good to be true
D. it was no different from other teachers’ talk
37. Which statement about the girl is TRUE according to the passage?
A. She skipped over those easy parts while reading.
B. She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks.
C. She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books.
D. She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school.
【答案】34. D 35. C 36. C 37. C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。从孩子入学开始，我们就把书本和读书变成不断可能失败、当众受辱的源头。但是当他们不知道单词该怎么读的时候，他们会犯错，而且是在所有人面前犯错，这会给他们带来一些害怕。作者认为阅读应该是一件快乐的事，而且不是强迫性的阅读，强调通过快乐阅读培养阅读习惯。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段的This means that when they don’t know a word, they are going to make a mistake, right in front of everyone.可知当孩子们不知道单词时，他们会犯错，而且是在所有人面前犯错，这会给他们带来一些害怕。D. being made to read aloud before others
（被要求在众人面前大声朗读）符合以上说法，故选D项。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段的I would like you to read a lot of books this year, but I want you to read them only for pleasure.可知老师让孩子们读书，但他的目的是让他们读着玩。C. for enjoyment（为了好玩）符合以上说法，故选C项。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段的The children sat stunned and silent. Was this teacher talking seriously可知孩子们震惊和沉默地坐着，可见孩子们很吃惊，对老师的话感到难以置信。C. it sounded too good to be true（听起来太好了，不像真的）符合以上说法，故选C项。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的She answered, “Oh, sure, but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part.”可知女孩跳过了难的部分，只看了自己喜欢或者能看懂的部分，故推测女孩学会欣赏书的某些部分。C. She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books.（她学会了欣赏这本难以理解的书的某些部分）符合以上推测，故选C项。
C
Running on Empty
For almost a century, scientists have assumed, tiredness—or exhaustion—in athletes originates(起源于) in the muscles. Precise explanations have varied, but all have been based on the “Limitations Theory”. In other words, muscles tire because they hit a physical limit: they either run out of fuel or oxygen or they drown in harmful by-products(副产品).
In the past few years, however, Timothy Noakes from the University of Cape Town, South Africa, has examined this standard theory. Tiredness, he argues, is caused not by signals springing from overtaxed muscles, but is an emotional response which begins in the brain. The fundamental nature of his new theory is that the brain paces the muscles to keep them well back from the edge of exhaustion. When the brain decides it’s time to quit, it creates unbearable muscle tiredness. This “Central Governor” theory remains controversial, but it does explain many puzzling aspects of athletic performance.
A recent discovery that Noakes calls the “lactic acid paradox” made him start researching this area seriously. Lactic acid is a by-product of exercise, and the increase of it is often mentioned as a cause of tiredness. But when research subjects exercise in certain conditions created artificially, they become tired even though lactic acid levels remain low. Nor has the oxygen content of their blood fallen too low for them to keep going. Obviously, something else was making them tire before they hit either of these physiological limits.
Noakes conducted an experiment with seven cyclists. It has long been known that during exercise, the body never uses 100% of the available muscle fibres(纤维). The amount used varies, but in some tasks such as this cycling test the body calls on about 30%. His team found that as tiredness set in, the electrical activity in cyclist’s legs declined—even when they were making a great effort to cycle as fast as they could.
To Noakes, this was strong evidence that the old theory was wrong. “The cyclists may have felt completely exhausted,” he says, “but their bodies actually had considerable reserves that they could theoretically tap by using a greater amount of the resting fibres.” This, he believes, is the proof that the brain is regulating the pace of the workout to hold the cyclists well back from the point of extreme tiredness.
38. Which of the following is supported by “the Limitations Theory”?
A. Tiredness is caused by signals from brain.
B. Athletes feel tired when they use up all their energy.
C. The body uses 100% of the muscle fibres in exercise.
D. Athletes become tired though lactic acid levels remain low.
39. Noakes has found out that ___________.
A. muscle fibres control athletes’ movements
B. Lactic acid levels remain high in cycling test
C. mental processes control the symptoms of tiredness
D. different exercises use different amount of muscle fibres
40. It is likely that both theories accept that ___________.
A. lactic acid is produced in muscles during exercise
B. the oxygen content in blood may rise after sports
C. tiredness is a harmful by-product of exercise
D. the energy in human bodies can be balanced
41. What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. The description of a new test.
B. The explanation of the theory.
C. The puzzling evidence of a study.
D. The whole process of the research.
【答案】38. B 39. C 40. A 41. C
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了关于运动的极限理论。该理论认为人们之所以感到疲惫是因为肌肉达到了极限，而疲劳是由大脑控制的。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段的In other words, muscles tire because they hit a physical limit: they either run out of fuel or oxygen or they drown in harmful by-products(副产品)可知极限理论认为人们会感到疲倦时因为到达了肌肉的极限。B. Athletes feel tired when they use up all their energy.（运动员感到疲惫是因为他们用完了自己的能量）符合以上说法，故选B项。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段的Tiredness, he argues, is caused not by signals springing from overtaxed muscles, but is an emotional response which begins in the brain.可知Timothy Noakes认为是人的大脑控制了肌肉是否感到疲倦。C. mental processes control the symptoms of tiredness（精神过程控制疲倦的症状）符合以上说法，故选C项。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段的The fundamental nature of his new theory is that the brain paces the muscles to keep them well back from the edge of exhaustion. When the brain decides it’s time to quit, it creates unbearable muscle tiredness.和第三段的Lactic acid is a by-product of exercise, and the increase of it is often mentioned as a cause of tiredness.可推测连个理论都认为lactic acid是运动时产生的。A. lactic acid is produced in muscles during exercise（运动时肌肉离会产生lactic acid）符合以上推测，故选A项。
【41题详解】
主旨大意题。根据本段的Lactic acid is a by-product of exercise, and the increase of it is often mentioned as a cause of tiredness. But when research subjects exercise in certain conditions created artificially, they become tired even though lactic acid levels remain low.可知lactic acid paradox理论认为人们在运动的时候lactic的升高会使人疲倦，但令人费解的是当lactic还很低的时候人们也会感到疲劳。C. The puzzling evidence of a study.（一个研究令人费解的证据）可以作为本段主旨，故选C项。
D
The new social robots, including Jibo, Cozmo, Kuri and Meccano M.A.X., bear some resemblance to assistants like Apple’s Siri, but these robots come with something more. They are designed to win us over not with their smarts but with their personality. They are sold as companions that do more than talk to us. Time magazine hailed (称赞) the robots that “could fundamentally reshape how we interact with machines.” But is reshaping how we interact with machines a good thing, especially for children?
Some researchers in favor of the robots don’t see a problem with this. People have relationships with many kinds of things. Some say robots are just another thing with which we can have relationships. To support their argument, roboticists sometimes point to how children deal with toy dolls. Children animate (赋予…生命) dolls and turn them into imaginary friends. Jibo, in a sense, will be one more imaginary friend, and arguably a more intelligent and fun one.
Getting attached to dolls and sociable machines is different, though. Today’s robots tell children that they have emotions, friendships, even dreams to share. In reality, the whole goal of the robots is emotional trickery. For instance, Cozmo the robot needs to be fed, repaired and played with. Boris Sofman, the chief executive of Anki, the company behind Cozmo, says that the idea is to create “a deeper and deeper emotional connection ... And if you neglect him, you feel the pain of that.” What is the point of this, exactly? What does it mean to feel the pain of neglecting something that feels no pain at being neglected, or to feel anger at being neglected by something that doesn’t even know it is neglecting you?
This should not be our only concern. It is troubling that these robots try to empathize with children. Empathy allows us to put ourselves in the place of others, to know what they are feeling. Robots, however, have no emotions to share, and they cannot put themselves in our place. No matter what robotic creatures “say” or squeak, they don’t understand our emotional lives. They present themselves as empathy machines, but they are missing the essential equipment. They have not been born, they don’t know pain, or death, or fear. Robot thinking may be thinking, but robot feeling is never feeling, and robot love is never love.
What is also troubling is that children take robots’ behavior to indicate feelings. When the robots interact with them, children take this as evidence that the robots like them, and when robots don’t work when needed, children also take it personally. Their relationships with the robots affect their self-esteem (自尊). In one study, an 8-year-old boy concluded that the robot stopped talking to him because the robot liked his brothers better.
For so long, we dreamed of artificial intelligence offering us not only simple help but conversation and care. Now that our dream is becoming real, it is time to deal with the emotional downside of living with robots that “feel.”
42. How are the new social robots different from Siri?
A. They are intended to teach children how to talk.
B. They are designed to attract people with their smarts.
C. Their main function is to evaluate children’s personality.
D. They have a new way to communicate with human beings.
43. In Paragraph 3 Cozmo is used as an example to show that the social robots ______.
A. are deeply connected with human beings
B. are unable to build a real relationship with children
C. are so advanced that they can feel the pain of human beings
D. are not good enough to carry out the instructions of children
44. The underlined phrase “essential equipment” in Paragraph 4 refers to ______.
A. emotion B. pain
C. fear D. thinking
45. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?
I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion
A. B.
C. D.
【答案】42. D 43. B 44. A 45. B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇议论文。新的社交机器人与以往机器人不同，他们不仅比我们聪明还有他们的个性。时代周刊称它彻底改变了我们与机器互动的方式。但是对这种改变有的科学家赞同而有很多人也很担忧。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段中的第一句话可知，新的社交机器人与像苹果的Siri这样的助理有相同之处，但比它们有更多功能。再由第一段中的Time magazine hailed (称赞) the robots that “could fundamentally reshape how we interact with machines.可知，社交机器人彻底改变了我们与机器互动的方式，可以推知以一种新的方式与人们交流互动。故选D。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。Cozmo是第三段的举例，举例肯定是用来证明本段或者其前边的观点的。本段的中心是“Getting attached to dolls and sociable machines is different, though.（与洋娃娃相处与与社交机器相处是不同的”。再由第三段最后一句句意“你觉得忽略了机器人而难受，但是机器人并不会感觉被忽略，或者你感觉机器人冷落了你而难受但是机器人根本不知道它冷落了你，这些意味着什么呢？”可知，社交机器人并不能真的跟小朋友建立感情。故选B。
【44题详解】
猜测词义题。由划线单词后的“They have not been born, they don’t know pain, or death, or fear. Robot thinking may be thinking, but robot feeling is never feeling, and robot love is never love.”可知，社交机器人不知道疼，死亡或害怕。社交机器人的思维可能是在想，但是他们的感觉从来不是感觉，他们的爱也从来不是爱。这句话是证明划线单词所在句子的论点的，他们是会同情的机器，但是他们缺少感情，导致他们所谓的感情是假的。所以划线单词词意为情感。A. emotion情感；B. pain疼痛；C. fear害怕；D. thinking想。故选A。
【45题详解】
篇章结构题。分析文章内容，第一段提出观点：社交机器人改变了我们与机器互动的方式。第二段提出一些支持这一改变的专家的想法，第三段提出一些人对这一改变的担忧，并且第三段后半部分以及第四段、第五段分别是这些人的三点担忧。最后一段总结这一趋势面临的现状。所以文章提出观点后，分为支持和反对两个观点，反对方面又列出了三点担忧，最后一段总结。故选B。
【点睛】猜测词义题在高考中有三种考查形式：生词猜测词义或熟词生义、猜测一句话的意思、指代关系猜词（代词或者名词）。从近三年考查形势看，三种考查方式同等重要。本文中考查的是生词猜测词义。这种题型的解法主要是在生词后找到其释义句。例如本文中划线单词后一句话是对划线单词所在句子的解释。根据“they are missing”与其前后“don’t understand”及“never”这些否定词之间的呼应，可知，划线单词与“emotional lives”、“feeling”、“love”等之间是并列解释关系。由这些词可以推知划线单词意思为情感，故选A。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Are You a Prisoner of Perfection?
Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach? ____46____ Are you setting yourself up for failure and shame when you can’t achieve the unachievable? Understanding what drives perfectionism is the first step toward releasing this self-created anchor that keeps us stuck.
Shame and fear are often the hidden drivers of perfectionism. We believe that if we can fashion a perfectly polished personality, flash our intelligence, and perfect our humour, then no one can hurt us with criticism and we’ll win respect and approval.
___47___ Politicians who display a desperate need to be right and refuse to acknowledge mistakes or uncertainty are often driven by a secret shame. They fear that showing vulnerability(弱点) will expose them to the accusation that they’re weak. They stick to a desire to be right, perfect, and polished, even when it’s obvious that the emperor has no clothes.
Perfectionism keeps us leaning toward the future. We’re constantly evaluating ourselves in order to do better. ____48____ However, if we can’t relax and enjoy lighter moments, then we become prisoners of our perfectionism. We get painfully self-conscious and take ourselves too seriously. Sadly, we deprive(剥夺) ourselves of the simple pleasure of enjoying the moment and being ourselves.
___49___ We realize that failing at any enterprise doesn’t mean that we are a failure. Without failures, we’ll never learn from our mistakes; we’ll never move forward in our lives. Those who succeed have made countless mistakes. The important thing is to learn from our error, forgive ourselves and move on.
Being human, perfection is impossible. ____50____ Releasing ourselves from the desire to protect our image, we’re freed to sail gracefully through our successes and failures—and enjoy our precious life.
A. Do you hold an idealized vision that is impossible to realize?
B. A cure to perfectionism is to make room for our human shortcomings.
C. Do you fear that others will be horrified by what you judge about yourself?
D. The addiction to staying perfect protects us from any sign of being imperfect.
E. There’s nothing wrong with wanting to do our best and self-correcting along the way.
F. People who are addicted to perfection are often isolated, even if they seem outgoing and popular.
G. By accepting ourselves as we are and doing our best, we begin to rid the shame that drives perfectionism.
【答案】46. A 47. D
48. E 49. B
50. G
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。羞耻和恐惧往往是完美主义背后的驱动力。如果我们能塑造一个完美的人格，展示我们的智慧，完善我们的幽默，那么没有人可以用批评来伤害我们，我们会赢得尊重和认可。
【46题详解】
根据上文Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach?可知本空为列举完美主义带来的问题是为一个你无法达到的目标而奋斗、有一个无法实现的理想愿景，故选A。
【47题详解】
本句为段首主题句。根据本段最后一句They stick to a desire to be right, perfect, and polished, even when it’s obvious that the emperor has no clothes.可知坚持正确、完美和优雅的愿望，即使很明显皇帝没有穿衣服。可知沉迷于保持完美让我们不能忍受任何不完美的迹象。故选D。
【48题详解】
根据上文We’re constantly evaluating ourselves in order to do better. 为了做得更好，我们不断地评估自己。下文评价这样的行为“想要做最好的自己，并在过程中自我纠正，这没有什么错。”故选E。
【49题详解】
根据下文We realize that failing at any enterprise doesn’t mean that we are a failure. 我们意识到，在任何企业中失败都不意味着我们就是一个失败者。可知本段强调要学会容忍我们人类的缺点是治愈完美主义的方法，故选B。
【50题详解】
根据下文Releasing ourselves from the desire to protect our image, we’re freed to sail gracefully through our successes and failures—and enjoy our precious life.可知把自己从保护形象的欲望中释放出来，我们就能从容地走过成功和失败——享受我们宝贵的生命。故本空强调要通过接受我们自己，并尽我们最大的努力，开始摆脱驱动完美主义的羞耻。故选G。
第四部分：书面表达(共两节，满分35分)
第一节(15分)
51.【2018·北京】假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括：
(1) 表示欢迎；
(2) 推荐他上哪所大学；
(3) 建议他做哪些准备工作。
注意：(1). 词数不少于50；
(2). 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m so glad to hear your future education plan in Beijing in your last letter. First I would like to express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.
Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of the best universities in China. Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture. As for preparation, some reading in advance in needed like The Story of the Stone while some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to adapt into the Chinese language environment.
I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it’s my pleasure to show you around in Beijing when that day comes. If you have further questions, please feel free to let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
本文为提纲式作文，文章要求写推荐信，为英国朋友介绍北京的大学。首先可以介绍一下写作背景（Jim对中国文化感兴趣，要来中国学习），表达欢迎。然后推荐一所大学，并简要介绍推荐的原因（如大学的特色，可以学到什么等）。再次简单介绍应该做哪方面的准备，如可以提前学习汉语，读点有关中国传统文化的书，了解中国的习俗，让自己更好地适应中国的生活。文章可采用一般现在时，人称可以使用第二人称。
亮点说明：文章中巧妙使用非谓语Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, 使句子结构紧凑。
使用定语从句Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture. 使句子表达更完美；巧妙使用连接词while引出来中国前的准备，使句子结构对称。
第二节(20分)
52. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，介绍你和家人在去年9月3日观看国庆阅兵活动的过程，并以“An Unforgettable Day”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿。
注意：
1.词数不少于60；
2.短文的开头已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：阳台 balcony
朋友圈 WeChat Moments
An Unforgettable Day
On September 3, a military parade was held to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the victory of World War II.
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【答案】An Unforgettable Day
　　On September 3, a military parade was held to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the victory of World War II. Ten minutes before the big event, we seated ourselves in front of the TV, eager to watch the live broadcast.
　　Soon the parade started. Seeing the soldiers and military equipment proceed along Chang’an Street past Tian’anmen Square, we couldn’t help cheering and applauding for our powerful country.
　　Then the roaring of military aircraft overhead caught our attention. We rushed to the balcony and took photos of the planes flying in formation. What an impressive scene!
　　I couldn’t wait to share my pictures and feelings with friends on WeChat Moments. To my surprise, WeChat was already flooded with numerous pictures and comments expressing love for our motherland.  What an unforgettable day!
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇看图作文。要求按照四幅图的先后顺序，介绍你和家人在去年9月3日观看国庆阅兵活动的过程，并以“An Unforgettable Day”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿。
【详解】在写作的时候首先要观察四张图的内容，按照图片中的内容，展开对事情发展的先后顺序的联想，以便自己能够很好地抓住图片中所发生的事情和主要内容进行写作。同时，由于图片描述的是一件事，故考生还要注意的是在写作过程中所运用的时态要以一般过去时为主。除此以外，要注意写作过程中注意使用平时学到的短语和句型，注意行文的连贯和逻辑性。
【点睛】本文内容齐全，结构严谨，层次分明，布局合理，语言精练，同时运用短语和高级句子。词汇和短语的使用：a military parade 大阅兵 anniversary 周年 broadcast 直播；非谓语动词的使用：Seeing the soldiers and military equipment proceed along Chang’an Street, past Tian’anmen Square, we couldn’t help cheering and applauding for our powerful country.感叹句的使用：What an impressive scene!