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北京市丰台区2020届高三上学期期末考试英语试题
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丰台区2019～2020学年度第一学期期末练习
高三英语
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
I never believed in lucky coins. But one day as I was mowing the lawn (修剪草坪), I noticed a shiny object some five yards away. I stopped the machine to go and see ___1___ had caught my eye. Just as I bent over to pick up the object, the machine exploded behind me. I ___2___ (stand) there, frightened but unhurt. I ___3___ (save) by the shiny object—a coin. I now believe in lucky coins and stop to pick them up whenever I see them.
【答案】1. what
2. stood 3. was saved
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了在修剪草坪时意外发现了一枚硬币的故事。
【1题详解】
考查宾语从句。动词see后跟宾语从句，宾语从句缺少主语，作者是在草坪上看到的东西，下文中的the object提示是物，所以宾语从句主语用what，故填what。
【2题详解】
考查时态。事情发生在以前的某一天，过去发生的事，要用一般过去时，所以要填stand的过去式，故填stood。
【3题详解】
考查被动语态。by the shiny object中的the shiny object是动作的执行者，提示句中主语为动作的接受者，所以谓语动词要用被动语态，主语为I，事情发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，故填was saved。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Reading as a teen leads to success. When teens read more than just their classroom assignments, research clearly shows that they generally do ___4___ (good) in school. First of all, the extra reading ___5___ (enlarge) their vocabularies. And teens ___6___ read more serious literary works gain skills in handling complex ideas. Besides, teens can educate ___7___ (they) in any area of life they are interested in if they are good at reading. Plus, reading also helps them expand their horizons as they learn more about people and the world.
【答案】4. well/better
5. enlarges
6. who/that
7. themselves
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。说明了青少年时期的阅读能给他们带来的好处。
【4题详解】
考查副词或副词比较级。所填词修饰动词do，要用副词，所以可以填well，前文中出现了more，所以也可以用副词的比较级与此呼应，故填well或better。
【5题详解】
考查时态。句中主语the extra reading，为第三人称单数做主语，文章是说明文，介绍的是一般研究结论，时态用一般现在时，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，故填enlarges。
【6题详解】
考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词：teens，指人，从句缺主语，在定语从句中关系代词做主语，指人可以用who或者that，故填who/that。
【7题详解】
考查代词。所填词在句中做宾语，句子是说，如果青少年善长阅读，青少年可以在他们感兴趣的任何生活领域接受自我教育。所以，代词要用反身代词，句中主语teens为复数，第三人称，所以要用themselves，故填themselves。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A cheerful panda ___8___ (call) Bing Dwen Dwen has been chosen as the Olympic mascot for Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games. The new Olympic mascot will serve as an ambassador (大使) for winter sports, ___9___ (bring) joy to those who participate in and watch the Olympic Winter Games. “Bing” means ice and symbolizes purity and strength. “Dwen Dwen” relates to children and means ____10____ (honest), health, liveliness and loveliness. The mascot represents the strength and willpower of athletes and will help to promote the Olympic spirit.
【答案】8. called
9. bringing
10. honesty
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了2022年北京冬季奥林匹克运动会的吉祥物一个喜庆的熊猫“冰墩墩”名字的含义和它的使命。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。所填词作定语修饰前面的名词panda，panda与call之间是被动关系，所以要用其ed形式，故填called。
【9题详解】
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，本句有谓语动词serve，无连词，所以应该用非谓语，所填词与谓语动词serve同时发生，表示伴随，再根据bring与主语mascot是主动关系，所以要用动词的ing形式，故填bringing。
【10题详解】
考查名词。句中谓语动词means后面跟宾语，名词作宾语，所以要填其名词形式，故填honesty。
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I looked out at the smiling faces in the school auditorium. The applause filled my ears. I had really done it!
Just a few months earlier I would never have ___11___ myself acting in a play in front of two hundred people. But when the time came, I got up on stage and ___12___ one of my greatest fears. I found a new person inside me, a much more ___13___, outgoing person who had been hidden all along, just waiting for the opportunity to come. If not for my teacher, Mrs. Sather, I might never have found that ___14___.
I was extremely ___15___. I had friends, but it just wasn’t in my personality to be very outgoing, even when I knew someone well. I was even ___16___ with strangers.
One day, Mrs. Sather ___17___ that our class was going to perform a play. “I need someone to play the lead part of Dorothy,” she said. “Anybody want to try?” A few ___18___ hands shot up—mine, of course, was not one of them.
After class Mrs. Sather came to join me. “Dallas, I was thinking you would be the person for Dorothy. But I was ___19___ you didn’t raise your hand.”
Was she ___20___? Me, the lead? I was ___21___ just thinking of standing on stage in front of a lot of people.
“Dallas, you’re great at ___22___ things, so you won’t worry about lines. And you have such a sweet personality. Perfect for Dorothy!” She said.
Mrs. Sather stared into my eyes as if seeing my inner self locked away inside. “I’d love you to give this a ___23___ for me. But if you really don’t want to, I won’t make you. It’s your ___24___.” Mrs. Sather wanted me in this role. She ___25___ me. I realized it was time to ___26___ my shy cloak (披风).
Fast-forward through five months of practicing, we were ready. ___27___, I was as nervous as I had ever been. I proved to myself that I could do it in practice, ___28___ could I prove it to everyone else when it really mattered?
“It doesn’t matter how you do tonight” said Mrs. Sather, ___29___ reading my thoughts when she came backstage for a final check. “You have already shown yourself how wonderful you are.”
At the end of the play, when the audience stood and applauded, I knew they were not just cheering for my performance that night, but for the performances they knew would come in later years because of my newfound ___30___.
11. A. praised B. agreed C. pictured D. remembered
12. A. expressed B. faced C. discussed D. shared
13. A. energetic B. daring C. generous D. sincere
14. A. story B. method C. solution D. opportunity
15. A. shy B. slow C. curious D. patient
16. A. colder B. calmer C. quieter D. happier
17. A. realized B. repeated C. found D. announced
18. A. firm B. excited C. powerful D. friendly
19. A. surprised B. annoyed C. amused D. embarrassed
20. A. objective B. crazy C. reliable D. nervous
21 A. ashamed B. regretful C. doubtful D. terrified
22. A. analyzing B. observing C. memorizing D. predicting
23. A. plan B. try C. guess D. promise
24. A. choice B. destination C. suggestion D. interest
25. A. reminded B. challenged C. trusted D. shocked
26. A. throw off B. keep off C. knock off D. call off
27. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Instead D. Still
28. A. but B. so C. or D. and
29. A. in case B. ever since C. as if D. even though
30. A. popularity B. ambition C. advantage D. confidence
【答案】11. C 12. B 13. B 14. D 15. A 16. C 17. D 18. B 19. A 20. B 21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者原是个内向的人，在老师的鼓励和帮助下成功地在200人面前演了戏，出演了主角，获得了大家的掌声，使作者重拾信心。
【11题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在几个月前，我还从未想过自己会在200人面前演戏。A. praised赞扬；B. agreed同意；C. pictured描述，描写，用图片显示；D. remembered记得。文章是倒叙，下文详细描写了作者是怎样站上舞台的，原来作者极度害羞，所以他的脑海里从来没有出现过这种站在舞台上被大家鼓掌受欢迎的画面，选项C切题，故选C。
【12题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但到了时候，我走上舞台，面对我最害怕的事情。A. expressed表示；B. faced面对；C. discussed讨论；D. shared共享，分享。作者生性害羞，即使面对熟悉的人都不怎么敢表达自己，在陌生人面前更加害羞，所以站在舞台上是作者害怕面对的事情之一。选项B切题，故选B。
【13题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在我的内心发现了一个新的人，一个更大胆，外向的人，一直被隐藏起来，只是等待机会的来临。A. energetic精力充沛的，充满活力的；B. daring 勇敢的，敢于冒险的；C. generous慷慨的，大方的；D. sincere真诚的，诚挚的。作者最终在老师的鼓励和帮助下站上了舞台，克服了害羞和紧张，表现出了一个大胆的自我，所以作者内心有的是勇敢，选项B切题，故选B。
【14题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果不是我的老师，Mrs. Sather，我可能永远也找不到机会。A. story故事，经历；B. method方法；C. solution方法；D. opportunity机会。作者内心的勇敢是需要机会来激发出来的，老师给作者创造了这样一个时机，选项D切题，故选D。
【15题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我非常害羞。A. shy害羞的； B. slow缓慢的；C. curious好奇的； D. patient耐心的。下文中的outgoing是重要提示，在下文中用的是否定句，not outgoing就是害羞，选项A切题，故选A。
【16题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我对陌生人甚至更安静些。A. colder较冷的；B. calmer更平静的，更冷静的；C. quieter更安静的；D. happier更快乐的。上文出现了not outgoing，是作者在熟悉的人面前的表现，设空句是在陌生人面前，所以是和上文相比较，更加害羞，害羞的表现是不善言辞，所以不是平静，而是不说话，安静，选项C切题，故选C。
【17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，Mrs. Sather通知我们要表演一个话剧。A. realized意识到，理解； B. repeated重复； C. found发现；D. announced通知，宣布。通过下文可知，老师告诉学生要开展的一项活动，所以是通知，宣布，选项D切题，故选D。
【18题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：好多手兴奋地举了起来，当然，我的手不在其中。A. firm 坚定的，牢固的；B. excited兴奋的；C. powerful有权势的，强有力的；D. friendly有好的。老师通知班级排演话剧，要选主演，孩子们都想演主演，所以举手报名，这件事是孩子们想做的，所以应该是兴奋地，选项B切题，故选B。
【19题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是我很吃惊，你没有举手。A. surprised 使惊奇，使诧异， 使感到意外；B. annoyed使恼怒，有生气；C. amused逗乐，消遣；D. embarrassed使窘迫，使尴尬，使困惑。老师来和作者说话，告诉作者他是老师心目中主演的人选，而作者因为害羞没有举手，和老师所想不同，所以老师说吃惊，意外，选项A切题，故选A。
【20题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她疯了吗？A. objective 客观的；B. crazy疯狂的，着迷的；C. reliable可靠的，可信赖的；D. nervous焦虑的，担忧的。作者在学校的一贯表现是不善言辞，安静害羞，现在老师却认为他能当主演，所以作者不敢相信自己听到的，认为老师疯了，选项B切题，故选B。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一想到要在那么人面前站在舞台上我就害怕。A. ashamed 惭愧，羞愧；B. regretful后悔的，失望的；C. doubtful不确定的，怀疑的；D. terrified恐惧的，害怕的。上文给出了作者的性格和在人面前的表现，所以可以推理出作者是害怕站上舞台，选项D切题，故选D。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Dallas 你在记忆方面很棒，所以不用担心台词。A. analyzing分析；B. observing观察，评论；C. memorizing记忆，记住；D. predicting预测。句中出现了lines台词，台词是需要记忆的，老师在鼓励作者，打消他的顾虑，所以是说他在记忆方面优秀，选项C切题，故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我非常想要你为我而尝试一下。 A. plan 计划；B. try尝试，努力；C. guess猜测；D. promise承诺，许诺。老师在鼓励作者，希望他去尝试做他以前没做过的事，所以选项B尝试切题，故选 B。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次是你的一个机会。A. choice选择，机会；B. destination 目的地，终点；C. suggestion建议；D. interest乐趣，兴趣。克服害羞上台表演，老师只是对作者给出建议，希望作者考虑她的意见，对作者来说是一个选择和机会，选项A切题，故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她相信我。A. reminded提醒，使想起；B. challenged 挑战；C. trusted相信，信任；D. shocked使震惊，使惊愕。作者自己都没敢想的事，老师给出了建议，所以老师对作者信任，选项C切题，故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我意识到是时候抛掉我害羞的披风了。A. throw off摆脱，抛掉；B. keep off使离开，使不接近；C. knock off使减少，使降低；D. call off取消。原来作者是害羞的，所以好像披了件披风把自己包裹在里面，现在老师的鼓励使作者想去尝试一下，所以要把原来的害羞的披风抛掉，选项A切题，故选A。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我还是和我以前一样紧张。A. Therefore因此；B. Otherwise否则，不然；C. Instead相反，取而代之；D. Still仍然，还。作者以前很害羞，所以在同级比较句中，现在是仍然害羞紧张，符合逻辑关系，选项D切题，故选D。
【28题详解】
考查连词辨析。句意：但是，当它真的重要的时候，我能向其他人证明吗？A. but然而，但是；B. so那么；C. or或，或者，还是；D. and和，而且。上句中作者还是紧张，但是他又想证明自己能通过练习来改变自己，作者的内心在做激烈的斗争，设空句与上句的逻辑关系是转折，选项A切题，故选A。
【29题详解】
考查连词辨析。句意：当Mrs. Sather来后台作最后的检查时，她说不管你今晚表现怎样都没关系，她似乎明白我在想什么。A. in case以防，以免；B. ever since自从；C. as if似乎，仿佛；D. even though即使。根据设空句意可以知道，老师说出的话正是作者在担心的事情，作者怕因为自己的表现而使话剧不成功，老师的话打消了他的顾虑，叫他只要做好自己就行了，所以是好像读懂了他在想什么，选项C切题，故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在话剧的最后，当观众起立鼓掌时，我知道他们不仅仅是在为我当晚的表演喝彩，而是因为我重拾信心，他们知道以后会有更多的表演。A. popularity普及，流行；B. ambition抱负，野心；C. advantage优点，便利之处；D. confidence信心。根据文章可以了解到作者的心路历程，从没有自信到成功完成演出，所以是新发现的是信心，选项D切题，故选D。
【点睛】完型填空的第6题，考的是形容词辨析，4个选项中A、D两个选项容易排除，选项C、B选择时，要注意上文作者对自己的描写：shy，害羞的表现不是冷静而是安静，不喜欢说话，选项B与上文不符，从而选定正确答案。完型填写题型要注意上下文在内容和逻辑上的一致性，为解题提供依据。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Fun STEM Things to Do Over Winter Break
Winter break is just around the corner. We’re here to fill the time with fun projects and outings for all ages! Each of these activities is fun enough to pull your kids off the couch and away from the games.
An educational field trip
Ages: All
Spending a couple of weeks in the house can make anyone crazy. Why not take your kids on an educational field trip? Local children’s museums or science and technology museums will be a hit. These museums provide opportunities for hands-on exploration, so your kids will be able to interact with STEM subjects, instead of just watching them.
Many of them offer discounted tickets on certain days. Read the fine print online to see if you can visit for less.
Science experiments at home
Ages: All
Science experiments aren’t just for school. In fact, your kids could probably spend the entirety of their winter break exploring science with nothing more than objects you’d find around the house. For younger kids, making frozen bubbles is a great way to explore the scientific process. Teens can look to a list of 15 age-appropriate experiments for inspiration.
Start building
Ages: All
There’s no better way to explore engineering principles than to start building! Gather up any number of household objects—plastic cups, LEGO blocks, straws—and start building. If you want some suggestions for what to build and how to build it, Google is your best friend.
Electrical engineering
Ages: 14–18
Light up your holiday season with one of our handy guides. In the past, we showed readers how to create a Tech-o-Lantern costume, and those same principles could be used to create other light-up projects. We also created a simple guide for creating a light-up holiday card and that’s perfect for Christmas.
We hope these fun STEM activities will keep your kids happily occupied over winter break.
31. Who is this passage probably written for?
A. Parents. B. Teachers.
C. Camp organizers. D. School leaders.
32. If you want to make a thank-you card with lights, you may prefer _________.
A. Electrical engineering B. Science experiments at home
C. Start building D. An educational field trip
33. The winter break STEM activities _________.
A. are organized outdoors
B. need to be done with family
C. are free to children of all ages
D. give children hands-on experience
【答案】31. A 32. A 33. D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。介绍了寒假里为学生准备的在科学，技术，工程，数学方面的4个活动。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。文章开始：“Each of these activities is fun enough to pull your kids off the couch and away from the games.”，这些活动中的每一个都足够有趣足够使你们的孩子离开沙发，远离游戏，这里的your就是指的孩子们的父母，选项A说这篇文章是为父母而写的，切题，故选A。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。第4个活动中：“We also created a simple guide for creating a light-up holiday card……”，我们也能够指导制作带有闪亮灯的节日贺卡。题目是问要想制作带有灯的感谢卡，最好参加哪项活动，选项A是第4个活动，切题，故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。题目问：寒假的科学，技术，工程，数学方面的4个活动具有的特点，选项A：在户外组织的，从第1个活动：“Local children’s museums or science and technology museums will be a hit.”，看出该活动是孩子们参观一些博物馆，而博物馆不是户外的，选项A错误。选项B：需要和家庭一起完成，选项C：对所有年龄的孩子免费，这两项在文章找不到对应的细节，选项D：这些活动能让孩子们去亲身体验。4个活动：参观博博物馆，在家做科学实验，用家庭里有的物品建造东西来探索工程原理，制作闪光的物品，这些活动都是要叫孩子动手、动脑的活动，所以是孩子们能亲身体验的，文中一开始：“Each of these activities is fun enough to pull your kids off the couch and away from the games.”就表述了这4个活动与看电视和玩游戏的不同，选项D切题，故选D。
【点睛】阅读理解题目中有两种对细节内容进行确定，再推理的方法：排除法和直接判定法，本题中的第3题，要将这两种方法结合使用。选项A可以在文中直接找到相关内容，来认定其错误，剩下的三个选项中B、C选项在文中没有明确的表述，应该先定为可疑项，作好记号，选项D乍一看文中也没有直接表述的内容来支撑，但通读完全文，了解了4个活动的内容和目的后，可以推理出他们都是需要孩子们自己亲身参与的活动，而不是像看电视那样被动、消极接受的活动，再结合文中开头与看电视、玩游戏进行的对比，说明这4个活动是需要孩子们亲身参与的，亲身体验的，从而选定正确答案。
B
My family moved to St. Paul, Minnesota last year, where the average winter temperature is around 10 degrees Fahrenheit. Once summer ended, everyone went inside to play ice hockey. I’d been on the ice only a couple of times when I was much younger. When I’d fallen and broken my wrist during my second lesson, I’d decided never to put on ice skates again.
Ben, the friend I made in the new city, volunteered to teach me to skate. Even though he was very patient, I was so embarrassed by my clumsiness that I began to make up excuses for not skating.
One day I discovered a faster route home. It took me past a large frozen pond. I noticed a woman teaching a young girl to skate. The girl was attempting to jump and spin in the air.
Over and over, she pushed off the ground with the toe of her skate. And over and over, she landed hard on the ice.
After I had been watching the girl practice for about a week, one afternoon she suddenly lifted off the ground, spun in the air, and landed on her feet!
The next day I bought myself some brand new skates. Every day on the way home I stopped at the pond and wobbled onto the ice, right next to the girl who had landed her jump. As she perfected her twists and tricks, I taught myself to glide and turn. It was hard being a beginner, and when I fell I had to fight the urge to simply give up. Instead, every time I went down, I just picked myself up and started over again. Soon I was able to keep my balance and skate more confidently. In just a few weeks, I was actually ready to practice the speed skating, fast stops, and quick turns needed for ice hockey. When I was finally ready to show Ben my newfound skating ability, he told me I should join the local hockey league. I tried out and was chosen for a team. By the end of the season, I was part of a winning team.
34. What can we learn about the author?
A. He learned skating from the girl.
B. He preferred ice hockey to skating.
C. He had once given up learning skating.
D. He moved to a new city without summer.
35. Why did the author mention the girl on the pond?
A. To prove the girl was skillful.
B. To suggest the girl inspired him.
C. To show the girl was a quick learner.
D. To explain how he came across the girl.
36. According to the last paragraph, the author’s training was________.
A easy and basic B. hard but rewarding
C. boring and tiring D. strict but interesting
37. What does the story mainly tell us?
A. All roads lead to Rome.
B. One is never too old to learn.
C. One good turn deserves another.
D. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
【答案】34. C 35. B 36. B 37. D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者在很小的时候由于滑冰摔断了手腕，所以对滑冰一直已心存畏惧，搬到明尼苏达的圣保罗后依然如此，在一次抄近路回家，经过一个冰冻池塘，作者看到了一个在练习滑冰的小女孩，她在经历了无数次的摔倒后，一周后突然腾空而起，这一幕使作者深受教育，他开始自学滑冰，一次次的摔倒，一次次的重新站起来，重新开始，最后成为了一支获胜冰球队的一员。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。第一段最后两句：“When I’d fallen and broken my wrist during my second lesson, I’d decided never to put on ice skates again.”，作者在上滑冰课的第二次就摔断的手腕，他决定再也不穿溜冰鞋了，就是不再学滑冰了，选项C是作者曾经想放弃学习滑冰，切题，故选C。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。读完全文，知道作者从曾经放弃学习滑冰，到再重新开始学习，是因为看到了小女孩在经历了无数次的摔倒后，一周后突然腾空而起，成功了，池塘上的小女孩鼓励了作者，选项B是作者提到池塘上的小女孩是想表明她激励了他，切题，故选B。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。最后一段：“It was hard being a beginner, ……every time I went down, I just picked myself up and started over again. Soon I was able to keep my balance and skate more confidently. In just a few weeks, I was actually ready to practice the speed skating, fast stops, and quick turns needed for ice hockey. ……I tried out and was chosen for a team. By the end of the season, I was part of a winning team.”，作者练习时一次次的摔倒，一次次的重新站起来，重新开始，可以看出作者练习地很艰苦，最后作者被选进冰球队，成为了一支获胜冰球队的一员，作者成功了，获得了成功，这是艰苦练习的奖励，选项B是作者的训练是艰苦的，但是有回报的，切题，故选B。
【37题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，故事情节告诉我们作者从放弃滑冰到受到鼓励自学，经过艰苦的练习，最后成功了，选项A：条条大道通罗马。选项B：活到老学到老。选项C：善有善报。选项D：有志者事竟成。选项D切题，故选D。
C
A star athlete at the college where I work recently stopped by my office. After committing a few unforced errors during a weekend match, she was riven by self-criticism. “I’m at peak fitness, and I practice hard. How is this happening?” She asked.
This student believes she should be able to control the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work. She has a sense that hours on the field should get her exactly where she needs to go. Many students have similar mentality. When they win, they feel powerful and smart. When they fail, they are crushed by self-blame. If my achievements are mine to control, they reason, my failures must be entirely my fault, too.
We talk often about young adults struggling with failure because their parents have protected them from discomfort. But there is something else at play: a false promise that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it.
Psychologists have sourced this phenomenon to a misapplication of “mindset” research, which has found that praising children for effort will increase academic performance. A 2018 analysis found that while praising effort over ability may benefit economically disadvantaged students, it does not necessarily help everyone.
One possible explanation comes from Suniya Luthar, who argued in a research paper that for teens in wealthy, pressure-cooker communities, “it is not a lack of motivation and perseverance (毅力) that is the big problem. Instead, it is unhealthy perfectionism, and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the desire for achievements is over the top.” They push themselves onward in face of impossible goals. A 2007 study found that teens who refused to give up impossible goals showed higher levels of C-reaction protein, a marker of systemic inflammation (全身炎症) linked to heart disease and other medical conditions. A 2014 study showed a connection between the perfectionist tendencies and depression.
The cruel reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail. Instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don’t go their way, we adults should help students pursue success in healthier ways in part by redefining failure as a feature, not a bug, of learning. At Smith College where I teach, students are asked to explore how setbacks and missteps made them stronger or more effective. We would be wise to remind our kids that life has a way of sucker-punching (意外打击) us when we least expect it. It’s often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” who get up the fastest.
38. Why was star athlete trapped by self-blame?
A. She broke down during the match.
B. She didn’t try her best in the match.
C. She believed hard work should pay off.
D. She thought she should have practiced harder.
39. What can we learn from Paragraph 5?
A. Lack of motivation and perseverance leads to teens’ failure.
B. Praising children for effort increases academic performance.
C. Children struggle with failure due to parents’ over-protection.
D. Unhealthy perfectionism causes physical and emotional stress.
40. According to the author, adults should _________.
A. help students learn from failure
B. protect students from discomfort
C. reward students for their hard work
D. explore the cause of students’ failure
41. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?
A. Effort equals achievement.
B. Motivation is the key to success.
C. Success is not always under control.
D. Effort is more important than ability.
【答案】38. C 39. D 40. A 41. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。研究表明“心态”的误用使年青人有了个伪命题：如果他们愿意为之工作，他们就能取得任何成就。但实际并非如此，生活会在最不经意的时候，给你打击，反而是那些经常说“事情会发生”的人站起来得最快。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句““I’m at peak fitness, and I practice hard. How is this happening?” She asked.”，第二段开始：“This student believes she should be able to control the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work.”，这位明星运动员深陷自责，她觉得她足够努力，她能通过努力来控制生活的结果，选项C：她相信努力工作就会有回报。题目问明星运动员深陷自责的原因，所以选项C切题，故选C。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段：“Instead, it is unhealthy perfectionism, and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the desire for achievements is over the top.” 相反，这是不健康的完美主义，当对成就的渴望超过巅峰时，他们很难在应该退的时候退缩。“A 2007 study found that teens who refused to give up impossible goals showed higher levels of C-reaction protein, a marker of systemic inflammation (全身炎症) linked to heart disease and other medical conditions. A 2014 study showed a connection between the perfectionist tendencies and depression.”，2007年和2014年的研究表明拒绝放弃不可能的目标会产生心脏病以及其它医学相关的炎症，抑郁与此有关。选项D：不健康的完美主义会导致身体和情感压力。所以，从第五段可以知道的研究结论是选项D切题，故选D。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。最后一段：“……we adults should help students pursue success in healthier ways in part by redefining failure as a feature, not a bug, of learning.” 我们成年人应该帮助学生以更健康的方式追求成功，将失败重新定义为学习的一个特征，而不是错误。选项A是要帮助学生从失败中学习，所以选项A切题，故选A。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。文中作者用了研究结论来说明：“The cruel reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail.”，残酷的现实是，你可以尽你所能，仍然失败。所以可以推测出作者同意的观点是：付出未必总是有回报，选项C：成功并不总是在控制之下。选项C切题，故选C。
D
Plants do not listen to the radio. But a team of researchers in Greece recently found a way to turn lemons into very small “radio stations” that can broadcast information about their trees’ moisture content to a smartphone—the first step toward creating what the researchers call an “Internet of plants.”
Scientists had previously attached sensors to trees to measure their water use, but “no other team had created a wireless radio network among plants, sending information while consuming only a few microwatts and costing just a few dollars,” says project leader Aggelos Bletsas, a professor of electrical and computer engineering at the Technical University of Crete.
The network consists of several basic components: an existing FM radio station, an antenna (天线) attached to a lemon growing on a tree, a humidity (湿度) sensor in the lemon, a transistor connected to an antenna and an FM receiver. First, the antenna picks up the signal from the FM station, and then passes the signal to the transistor, which is modulated by the humidity sensor. The sensor switches the transistor on and off at a rate dependent on the plant’s moisture level: if the soil is wet or if the atmosphere is humid, that rate is lower; if it is dry, the rate is higher. Finally, the antenna broadcasts this information to the radio receiver on a mobile phone.
In this way, plants can tell farmers if they are thirsty. “We can literally ‘listen’ to the moisture of the plant, using our mobile FM radio with a $3.4 sensor,” Bletsas says. “Two of these sensors for every acre on any given farm might change the way we conduct agriculture and ‘understand’ plants.” He notes that more sensors may be needed for the best possible results. Such real-time information could enable better control of air and soil moisture.
Why go through all this trouble and not just use already common wireless technology, such as Bluetooth? “Not only is our technique less complex, as we are just borrowing signals in the environment,” Bletsas says, but “a Bluetooth-based sensor costs about $25. Our final aim is to launch sensors onto the market costing less than $1.”
“Bletsas and his team are completely changing the way of environmental sensing using very simple equipment and surprisingly little power,” says Alexandros Dimakis, an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Texas at Austin, who was not involved in the research. “Their work could be a transformational Internet of Things technology for agriculture and for monitoring the environment.”
Bletsas and his colleagues have already applied for a patent for their innovative technology in America.
42. The radio network created by Greek researchers _________.
A. consumes much energy
B. can be put in a smartphone
C uses simple technology at low cost
D. broadcasts radio programs to plants
43. What does the underlined word “modulated” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Monitored. B. Adjusted.
C. Measured. D. Connected.
44. What is Alexandros Dimakis’ attitude to the “radio network”?
A. Positive. B. Critical.
C. Neutral. D. Doubtful.
45. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To discuss methods of studying plants.
B. To assess the efficiency of Internet of plants.
C. To stress the importance of keeping soil’s moisture.
D. To introduce a new way of measuring plants’ water use.
【答案】42. C 43. B 44. A 45. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。希腊的一个研究小组最近发明了一种将柠檬变成非常小的"电台"的方法，它可以向智能手机播报有关树木水分含量的信息。现在其构成还比较复杂，没有使用已经常见的无线技术，是因为开发者考虑了市场售价因素。这一发明使用非常简单的设备和小功率来彻底改变环境传感方式，他们是农业和监测环境的物联网技术。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。第五段：“Not only is our technique less complex, as we are just borrowing signals in the environment,” Bletsas says, but “a Bluetooth-based sensor costs about $25. Our final aim is to launch sensors onto the market costing less than $1.”，我们的技术不仅不太复杂，因为我们只是在环境中借用信号，而且"基于蓝牙的传感器的成本约为 25 美元。我们的最终目标是将售价低于 1 美元的传感器投放到市场上。所以这项发明是技术简单，成本低，选项C切题，故选C。
【43题详解】
词义猜测题。画线词在非限性定语从句中作谓语，它的主语是transistor：晶体管收音机，也就是这个动词是对晶体管收音机操作的意思，整句话是：晶体管收音机由湿度传感器来modulated。选项B：调节，调整，切题，故选B。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。倒数第二段：““Bletsas and his team are completely changing the way of environmental sensing using very simple equipment and surprisingly little power,” says Alexandros Dimakis, an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Texas at Austin, who was not involved in the research. “Their work could be a transformational Internet of Things technology for agriculture and for monitoring the environment.””，Alexandros Dimakis虽然没有参与这一发明，但他的评价是：这一发明使用非常简单的设备和小功率来彻底改变环境传感方式，他们是农业和监测环境的物联网技术。可以看出他对这一发明是持支持和赞扬的态度的，选项A是赞同的; 拥护的，切题，故选A。
【45题详解】
主旨大意题。文章一开始：“a team of researchers in Greece recently found a way to turn lemons into very small “radio stations” that can broadcast information about their trees’ moisture content to a smartphone……”，就点明了本篇文章的主旨，介绍一项发明：将柠檬变成非常小的"电台"，它可以向智能手机播报有关树木水分含量的信息，选项D：介绍一种测量植物用水的新方法。切题，故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Surveillance (监视) is a fact of life. Your boss is monitoring your performance at work. Supermarkets are collecting data on your grocery shopping. ___46___
In a few months, European Union law-makers are due to approve proposals that will make driver assistance systems mandatory (强制的) in cars within three years. All new models of car will come with black boxes (event data recorders), intelligent speed assistance, lane-keeping assistance and more besides.
A large number of technologies will soon be monitoring a driver’s every move. Are we prepared for devices that watch how we drive and try to help us do it better?
___47___ In a report published in April 2018, it found that the suite of changes could save at least 7,300 lives by 2030, and reduce the number of serious injuries from car crashes by 38,900. “We can have the same kind of impact as when safety belts were first introduced,” says Oliver Carsten, who studies transport safety at the University of Leeds, UK.
___48___ The black box is the most controversial (有争议的) tech because of fears that the tech encourages surveillance. It would be easy to worry about being watched in your car. But the EU rules say the system is only checked in the event of an accident to help with insurance claims and police investigation. The point is to provide for a fair allocation (分配) of responsibility when a crash occurs. Some people choose to have a black box because it can reduce their individual insurance premium (保险费). ____49____ What’s more, the data collected in human-driven cars will help train automated driving systems to the point that they could be ready for large-scale deployment in the future.
___50___ Drivers should think of it as an extra layer of protection, rather than the vehicle trying to take over driving from you.
A. Now there is a new field: the automobile.
B. There is concern about these technologies, however.
C. The tech is reducing costs because it’s reducing the number of crashes.
D. Safety isn't much discussed, principally because cars are already very safe.
E. While the EU is taking the boldest steps, these technologies aren't far behind in other parts of the world.
F. As a result, what may at first glance seem like a surveillance technology is actually a benefit for society.
G. The European Commission says that introducing these advanced driver assistance systems will make driving safer.
【答案】46. A 47. G 48. B 49. C 50. F
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。几个月后，欧盟立法者将批准在三年内强制在汽车里安装驾驶员辅助系统的提案，所有新车型的汽车将配备黑匣子（事件数据记录器），智能速度辅助，车道保持辅助等。这些辅助系统能够减少伤害，降低事故，但也引起了争议。
【46题详解】
设空句为第一段的末句，这一段第一句是段落主旨句，接着作者举了例子，来说明监视是生活中实际的存在，选项A是生活中存在监视的一个新地方——汽车，下文就是关于汽车里安装驾驶辅助系统的内容，选项A既是第一段内容的承上，又是对第二段的启下，选项A切题，故选A。
【47题详解】
设空句为这一段的首句，是这段的主旨句，下文介绍了驾驶员辅助系统能够减少伤害、降低事故的数量，它就像是我们现在使用的安全带。选项G：欧盟委员会表示，引入这些先进的驾驶员辅助系统将使驾驶更安全。所以，选项G切题，故选G。
【48题详解】
设空句为这一段的句首，是这段的主旨句，下文：“The black box is the most controversial (有争议的) tech because of fears that the tech encourages surveillance.”，写了驾驶员辅助系统引起的争议，对这种监视有不同的声音，选项B：然而，人们对这些技术感到担忧。However的使用提示与上段所写内容有转折的逻辑关系，选项B引出本段内容切题，故选B。
【49题详解】
设空句前一句：“Some people choose to have a black box because it can reduce their individual insurance premium.” 有些人选择用黑匣子，因为它可以减少他们的个人保险费，选项C：这项技术正在降低成本，因为它减少了碰撞的数量，承接上句，解释上句的原因，选项C切题，故选C。
【50题详解】
上文介绍了汽车驾驶员辅助系统可以降低事故，减少个人保费，是对社会有好处，选项F：因此，只要稍微看看，就知道监视技术是对社会有好处。承接上段内容，选项F切题，故选F。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节, 35分）
第一节（15分）
51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim来信询问你校开展体育活动的情况。请你给他回信，内容包括：
1. 你校开展的体育活动；
2. 给学生带来的益处。
注意：1. 词数不少于50；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m glad to hear from you. In your last letter, you showed great interest in sports activities held in our school. Let me introduce it to you.
Our PE subject is well received by all students because various sports courses are offered and we can do different sports of our own choice. After class, there are many sports clubs available for us to enjoy our spare time and develop athletic skills. Our school also holds some regular sports events such as sports meet in September, where everyone can experience the spirit of sports.
All these sports events have brought us great benefits. They have encouraged us to do physical exercise actively and strengthened our sense of team cooperation.
What sports activities are held in your school?
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封信，告诉对方：学校开展的体育活动；体育活动给学生带来的益处。。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：一般性应用文——书信
格式：格式是书信，要写明写信的对象（即称呼）和写信人（即署名），正文前可适当添加问候语，还要有结尾语
要点：要包括二个要点——学校在开展体育活动，体育活动给学生带来的好处。
结构：总分法
第二步：列提纲（重点短语和词汇）
show ;interest; sports activities ; receive; sports courses ; sports clubs ; available; spare time ;develop; regular sports events; the spirit of sports; benefit; encourage; physical exercise ;strengthen ; team cooperation.
第三步：连词成句
In your last letter, you showed great interest in sports activities.
Our PE subject is well received by all students because various sports courses are offered
We can do different sports of our own choice.
After class, there are many sports clubs available for us to enjoy our spare time and develop athletic skills.
Our school also holds some regular sports events such as sports meet in September,
Everyone can experience the spirit of sports.
All these sports events have brought us great benefits.
They have encouraged us to do physical exercise actively and strengthened our sense of team cooperation.
第四步：连句成篇
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文格式正确，完成了试题规定的任务，覆盖所有内容要点，应用了很多的语法结构和词汇：非限制性定语从句：Our school also holds some regular sports events such as sports meet in September, where everyone can experience the spirit of sports.；状语从句：Our PE subject is well received by all students because various sports courses are offered and we can do different sports of our own choice.，文章是介绍体育活动的开展和好处，所以考生使用了几处被动语态来突出谈论的主体：is well received；are offered。非谓语动词：In your last letter, you showed great interest in sports activities held in our school. Let me introduce it to you.；After class, there are many sports clubs available for us to enjoy our spare time and develop athletic skills.；They have encouraged us to do physical exercise actively and strengthened our sense of team cooperation.也使整篇文章的结构更丰富。结尾可以说是个亮点，没有使用一般常用的希望收到你的回信这样的表述，而是用了提问的句式，表达希望对方回信的意愿，完全达到了预期的写作目的。
第二节（20分）
52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班上周开展了“垃圾分类，从我做起”的活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。
注意： 1.词数不少于60。
2.开头已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：垃圾桶 dustbin
Last week, our class organized an activity themed “Garbage Sorting, Take Action Now” to help save resources and protect the environment.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Last week, our class organized an activity themed “Garbage Sorting, Take Action Now” to help save resources and protect the environment.
At the class meeting, our teacher introduced the idea of garbage sorting and called upon us to take action, which was warmly welcomed by all of us.
After that, our work got started. First of all, we searched the Internet for related information, such as why to sort garbage and how to do it. Besides, to raise more students’ awareness of garbage sorting, we made a poster.
The next day, we went to the campus to explain and demonstrate how to sort garbage into different dustbins. Our action caught many students’ attention and they expressed their willingness to join us.
Back home, I shared what I had learned with my parents and we worked together to put the household garbage into different bins.
Through the experience, I deeply realize the urgency of garbage sorting and I am very proud of the efforts we have put into environmental protection.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是图画作文。要求考生根据四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述上周开展的“垃圾分类，从我做起”的活动整个过程。
【详解】1．体裁：周记文体。
主要时态：一般过去时。
人称：第一人称。
要点：记叙描绘文体，抓住4个要点：时间，地点，人物，事件前后经过。
格式：周记。
结构：总分总
2．简译：对每幅图用英语表述出来
3．衔接：将图与图之间隐藏的要点要挖掘出来，第2幅图要有两个部分：查资料，做海报；第3幅图既要写作者所做的事，也要写同学们对活动的反响
4．成文：加上过渡词语，改变一些句式，整理成文
【点睛】本篇书面表达格式正确；要点全面；时态一致；围绕主题；词汇和句式正确。
考生对所给图画里的要点找全了，兼顾了图内图外内容，如第3幅图：要增加同学们听到宣讲后的反响，较好把握了图中人物与人物、人物与地点、人物与画面以及图画内各部分的关系，还注意了图画内容的连续性及统一性(人称、时态等前后一致)。
在语言方面，使用了非限制性定语从句： At the class meeting, our teacher introduced the idea of garbage sorting and called upon us to take action, which was warmly welcomed by all of us.，宾语从句：I shared what I had learned with my parents and we worked together to put the household garbage into different bins.，非谓语动词：Besides, to raise more students’ awareness of garbage sorting, we made a poster.，两个疑问副词加动词不定式的句式：why to，how to，使文章句式结构有变化，更加简练。完全达到了预期的写作目的。
高三英语
第一部分 知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
I never believed in lucky coins. But one day as I was mowing the lawn (修剪草坪), I noticed a shiny object some five yards away. I stopped the machine to go and see ___1___ had caught my eye. Just as I bent over to pick up the object, the machine exploded behind me. I ___2___ (stand) there, frightened but unhurt. I ___3___ (save) by the shiny object—a coin. I now believe in lucky coins and stop to pick them up whenever I see them.
【答案】1. what
2. stood 3. was saved
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了在修剪草坪时意外发现了一枚硬币的故事。
【1题详解】
考查宾语从句。动词see后跟宾语从句，宾语从句缺少主语，作者是在草坪上看到的东西，下文中的the object提示是物，所以宾语从句主语用what，故填what。
【2题详解】
考查时态。事情发生在以前的某一天，过去发生的事，要用一般过去时，所以要填stand的过去式，故填stood。
【3题详解】
考查被动语态。by the shiny object中的the shiny object是动作的执行者，提示句中主语为动作的接受者，所以谓语动词要用被动语态，主语为I，事情发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，故填was saved。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Reading as a teen leads to success. When teens read more than just their classroom assignments, research clearly shows that they generally do ___4___ (good) in school. First of all, the extra reading ___5___ (enlarge) their vocabularies. And teens ___6___ read more serious literary works gain skills in handling complex ideas. Besides, teens can educate ___7___ (they) in any area of life they are interested in if they are good at reading. Plus, reading also helps them expand their horizons as they learn more about people and the world.
【答案】4. well/better
5. enlarges
6. who/that
7. themselves
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。说明了青少年时期的阅读能给他们带来的好处。
【4题详解】
考查副词或副词比较级。所填词修饰动词do，要用副词，所以可以填well，前文中出现了more，所以也可以用副词的比较级与此呼应，故填well或better。
【5题详解】
考查时态。句中主语the extra reading，为第三人称单数做主语，文章是说明文，介绍的是一般研究结论，时态用一般现在时，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，故填enlarges。
【6题详解】
考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词：teens，指人，从句缺主语，在定语从句中关系代词做主语，指人可以用who或者that，故填who/that。
【7题详解】
考查代词。所填词在句中做宾语，句子是说，如果青少年善长阅读，青少年可以在他们感兴趣的任何生活领域接受自我教育。所以，代词要用反身代词，句中主语teens为复数，第三人称，所以要用themselves，故填themselves。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A cheerful panda ___8___ (call) Bing Dwen Dwen has been chosen as the Olympic mascot for Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games. The new Olympic mascot will serve as an ambassador (大使) for winter sports, ___9___ (bring) joy to those who participate in and watch the Olympic Winter Games. “Bing” means ice and symbolizes purity and strength. “Dwen Dwen” relates to children and means ____10____ (honest), health, liveliness and loveliness. The mascot represents the strength and willpower of athletes and will help to promote the Olympic spirit.
【答案】8. called
9. bringing
10. honesty
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了2022年北京冬季奥林匹克运动会的吉祥物一个喜庆的熊猫“冰墩墩”名字的含义和它的使命。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。所填词作定语修饰前面的名词panda，panda与call之间是被动关系，所以要用其ed形式，故填called。
【9题详解】
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，本句有谓语动词serve，无连词，所以应该用非谓语，所填词与谓语动词serve同时发生，表示伴随，再根据bring与主语mascot是主动关系，所以要用动词的ing形式，故填bringing。
【10题详解】
考查名词。句中谓语动词means后面跟宾语，名词作宾语，所以要填其名词形式，故填honesty。
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I looked out at the smiling faces in the school auditorium. The applause filled my ears. I had really done it!
Just a few months earlier I would never have ___11___ myself acting in a play in front of two hundred people. But when the time came, I got up on stage and ___12___ one of my greatest fears. I found a new person inside me, a much more ___13___, outgoing person who had been hidden all along, just waiting for the opportunity to come. If not for my teacher, Mrs. Sather, I might never have found that ___14___.
I was extremely ___15___. I had friends, but it just wasn’t in my personality to be very outgoing, even when I knew someone well. I was even ___16___ with strangers.
One day, Mrs. Sather ___17___ that our class was going to perform a play. “I need someone to play the lead part of Dorothy,” she said. “Anybody want to try?” A few ___18___ hands shot up—mine, of course, was not one of them.
After class Mrs. Sather came to join me. “Dallas, I was thinking you would be the person for Dorothy. But I was ___19___ you didn’t raise your hand.”
Was she ___20___? Me, the lead? I was ___21___ just thinking of standing on stage in front of a lot of people.
“Dallas, you’re great at ___22___ things, so you won’t worry about lines. And you have such a sweet personality. Perfect for Dorothy!” She said.
Mrs. Sather stared into my eyes as if seeing my inner self locked away inside. “I’d love you to give this a ___23___ for me. But if you really don’t want to, I won’t make you. It’s your ___24___.” Mrs. Sather wanted me in this role. She ___25___ me. I realized it was time to ___26___ my shy cloak (披风).
Fast-forward through five months of practicing, we were ready. ___27___, I was as nervous as I had ever been. I proved to myself that I could do it in practice, ___28___ could I prove it to everyone else when it really mattered?
“It doesn’t matter how you do tonight” said Mrs. Sather, ___29___ reading my thoughts when she came backstage for a final check. “You have already shown yourself how wonderful you are.”
At the end of the play, when the audience stood and applauded, I knew they were not just cheering for my performance that night, but for the performances they knew would come in later years because of my newfound ___30___.
11. A. praised B. agreed C. pictured D. remembered
12. A. expressed B. faced C. discussed D. shared
13. A. energetic B. daring C. generous D. sincere
14. A. story B. method C. solution D. opportunity
15. A. shy B. slow C. curious D. patient
16. A. colder B. calmer C. quieter D. happier
17. A. realized B. repeated C. found D. announced
18. A. firm B. excited C. powerful D. friendly
19. A. surprised B. annoyed C. amused D. embarrassed
20. A. objective B. crazy C. reliable D. nervous
21 A. ashamed B. regretful C. doubtful D. terrified
22. A. analyzing B. observing C. memorizing D. predicting
23. A. plan B. try C. guess D. promise
24. A. choice B. destination C. suggestion D. interest
25. A. reminded B. challenged C. trusted D. shocked
26. A. throw off B. keep off C. knock off D. call off
27. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Instead D. Still
28. A. but B. so C. or D. and
29. A. in case B. ever since C. as if D. even though
30. A. popularity B. ambition C. advantage D. confidence
【答案】11. C 12. B 13. B 14. D 15. A 16. C 17. D 18. B 19. A 20. B 21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者原是个内向的人，在老师的鼓励和帮助下成功地在200人面前演了戏，出演了主角，获得了大家的掌声，使作者重拾信心。
【11题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在几个月前，我还从未想过自己会在200人面前演戏。A. praised赞扬；B. agreed同意；C. pictured描述，描写，用图片显示；D. remembered记得。文章是倒叙，下文详细描写了作者是怎样站上舞台的，原来作者极度害羞，所以他的脑海里从来没有出现过这种站在舞台上被大家鼓掌受欢迎的画面，选项C切题，故选C。
【12题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但到了时候，我走上舞台，面对我最害怕的事情。A. expressed表示；B. faced面对；C. discussed讨论；D. shared共享，分享。作者生性害羞，即使面对熟悉的人都不怎么敢表达自己，在陌生人面前更加害羞，所以站在舞台上是作者害怕面对的事情之一。选项B切题，故选B。
【13题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在我的内心发现了一个新的人，一个更大胆，外向的人，一直被隐藏起来，只是等待机会的来临。A. energetic精力充沛的，充满活力的；B. daring 勇敢的，敢于冒险的；C. generous慷慨的，大方的；D. sincere真诚的，诚挚的。作者最终在老师的鼓励和帮助下站上了舞台，克服了害羞和紧张，表现出了一个大胆的自我，所以作者内心有的是勇敢，选项B切题，故选B。
【14题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果不是我的老师，Mrs. Sather，我可能永远也找不到机会。A. story故事，经历；B. method方法；C. solution方法；D. opportunity机会。作者内心的勇敢是需要机会来激发出来的，老师给作者创造了这样一个时机，选项D切题，故选D。
【15题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我非常害羞。A. shy害羞的； B. slow缓慢的；C. curious好奇的； D. patient耐心的。下文中的outgoing是重要提示，在下文中用的是否定句，not outgoing就是害羞，选项A切题，故选A。
【16题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我对陌生人甚至更安静些。A. colder较冷的；B. calmer更平静的，更冷静的；C. quieter更安静的；D. happier更快乐的。上文出现了not outgoing，是作者在熟悉的人面前的表现，设空句是在陌生人面前，所以是和上文相比较，更加害羞，害羞的表现是不善言辞，所以不是平静，而是不说话，安静，选项C切题，故选C。
【17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，Mrs. Sather通知我们要表演一个话剧。A. realized意识到，理解； B. repeated重复； C. found发现；D. announced通知，宣布。通过下文可知，老师告诉学生要开展的一项活动，所以是通知，宣布，选项D切题，故选D。
【18题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：好多手兴奋地举了起来，当然，我的手不在其中。A. firm 坚定的，牢固的；B. excited兴奋的；C. powerful有权势的，强有力的；D. friendly有好的。老师通知班级排演话剧，要选主演，孩子们都想演主演，所以举手报名，这件事是孩子们想做的，所以应该是兴奋地，选项B切题，故选B。
【19题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是我很吃惊，你没有举手。A. surprised 使惊奇，使诧异， 使感到意外；B. annoyed使恼怒，有生气；C. amused逗乐，消遣；D. embarrassed使窘迫，使尴尬，使困惑。老师来和作者说话，告诉作者他是老师心目中主演的人选，而作者因为害羞没有举手，和老师所想不同，所以老师说吃惊，意外，选项A切题，故选A。
【20题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她疯了吗？A. objective 客观的；B. crazy疯狂的，着迷的；C. reliable可靠的，可信赖的；D. nervous焦虑的，担忧的。作者在学校的一贯表现是不善言辞，安静害羞，现在老师却认为他能当主演，所以作者不敢相信自己听到的，认为老师疯了，选项B切题，故选B。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一想到要在那么人面前站在舞台上我就害怕。A. ashamed 惭愧，羞愧；B. regretful后悔的，失望的；C. doubtful不确定的，怀疑的；D. terrified恐惧的，害怕的。上文给出了作者的性格和在人面前的表现，所以可以推理出作者是害怕站上舞台，选项D切题，故选D。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Dallas 你在记忆方面很棒，所以不用担心台词。A. analyzing分析；B. observing观察，评论；C. memorizing记忆，记住；D. predicting预测。句中出现了lines台词，台词是需要记忆的，老师在鼓励作者，打消他的顾虑，所以是说他在记忆方面优秀，选项C切题，故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我非常想要你为我而尝试一下。 A. plan 计划；B. try尝试，努力；C. guess猜测；D. promise承诺，许诺。老师在鼓励作者，希望他去尝试做他以前没做过的事，所以选项B尝试切题，故选 B。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次是你的一个机会。A. choice选择，机会；B. destination 目的地，终点；C. suggestion建议；D. interest乐趣，兴趣。克服害羞上台表演，老师只是对作者给出建议，希望作者考虑她的意见，对作者来说是一个选择和机会，选项A切题，故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她相信我。A. reminded提醒，使想起；B. challenged 挑战；C. trusted相信，信任；D. shocked使震惊，使惊愕。作者自己都没敢想的事，老师给出了建议，所以老师对作者信任，选项C切题，故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我意识到是时候抛掉我害羞的披风了。A. throw off摆脱，抛掉；B. keep off使离开，使不接近；C. knock off使减少，使降低；D. call off取消。原来作者是害羞的，所以好像披了件披风把自己包裹在里面，现在老师的鼓励使作者想去尝试一下，所以要把原来的害羞的披风抛掉，选项A切题，故选A。
【27题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我还是和我以前一样紧张。A. Therefore因此；B. Otherwise否则，不然；C. Instead相反，取而代之；D. Still仍然，还。作者以前很害羞，所以在同级比较句中，现在是仍然害羞紧张，符合逻辑关系，选项D切题，故选D。
【28题详解】
考查连词辨析。句意：但是，当它真的重要的时候，我能向其他人证明吗？A. but然而，但是；B. so那么；C. or或，或者，还是；D. and和，而且。上句中作者还是紧张，但是他又想证明自己能通过练习来改变自己，作者的内心在做激烈的斗争，设空句与上句的逻辑关系是转折，选项A切题，故选A。
【29题详解】
考查连词辨析。句意：当Mrs. Sather来后台作最后的检查时，她说不管你今晚表现怎样都没关系，她似乎明白我在想什么。A. in case以防，以免；B. ever since自从；C. as if似乎，仿佛；D. even though即使。根据设空句意可以知道，老师说出的话正是作者在担心的事情，作者怕因为自己的表现而使话剧不成功，老师的话打消了他的顾虑，叫他只要做好自己就行了，所以是好像读懂了他在想什么，选项C切题，故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在话剧的最后，当观众起立鼓掌时，我知道他们不仅仅是在为我当晚的表演喝彩，而是因为我重拾信心，他们知道以后会有更多的表演。A. popularity普及，流行；B. ambition抱负，野心；C. advantage优点，便利之处；D. confidence信心。根据文章可以了解到作者的心路历程，从没有自信到成功完成演出，所以是新发现的是信心，选项D切题，故选D。
【点睛】完型填空的第6题，考的是形容词辨析，4个选项中A、D两个选项容易排除，选项C、B选择时，要注意上文作者对自己的描写：shy，害羞的表现不是冷静而是安静，不喜欢说话，选项B与上文不符，从而选定正确答案。完型填写题型要注意上下文在内容和逻辑上的一致性，为解题提供依据。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Fun STEM Things to Do Over Winter Break
Winter break is just around the corner. We’re here to fill the time with fun projects and outings for all ages! Each of these activities is fun enough to pull your kids off the couch and away from the games.
An educational field trip
Ages: All
Spending a couple of weeks in the house can make anyone crazy. Why not take your kids on an educational field trip? Local children’s museums or science and technology museums will be a hit. These museums provide opportunities for hands-on exploration, so your kids will be able to interact with STEM subjects, instead of just watching them.
Many of them offer discounted tickets on certain days. Read the fine print online to see if you can visit for less.
Science experiments at home
Ages: All
Science experiments aren’t just for school. In fact, your kids could probably spend the entirety of their winter break exploring science with nothing more than objects you’d find around the house. For younger kids, making frozen bubbles is a great way to explore the scientific process. Teens can look to a list of 15 age-appropriate experiments for inspiration.
Start building
Ages: All
There’s no better way to explore engineering principles than to start building! Gather up any number of household objects—plastic cups, LEGO blocks, straws—and start building. If you want some suggestions for what to build and how to build it, Google is your best friend.
Electrical engineering
Ages: 14–18
Light up your holiday season with one of our handy guides. In the past, we showed readers how to create a Tech-o-Lantern costume, and those same principles could be used to create other light-up projects. We also created a simple guide for creating a light-up holiday card and that’s perfect for Christmas.
We hope these fun STEM activities will keep your kids happily occupied over winter break.
31. Who is this passage probably written for?
A. Parents. B. Teachers.
C. Camp organizers. D. School leaders.
32. If you want to make a thank-you card with lights, you may prefer _________.
A. Electrical engineering B. Science experiments at home
C. Start building D. An educational field trip
33. The winter break STEM activities _________.
A. are organized outdoors
B. need to be done with family
C. are free to children of all ages
D. give children hands-on experience
【答案】31. A 32. A 33. D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文。介绍了寒假里为学生准备的在科学，技术，工程，数学方面的4个活动。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。文章开始：“Each of these activities is fun enough to pull your kids off the couch and away from the games.”，这些活动中的每一个都足够有趣足够使你们的孩子离开沙发，远离游戏，这里的your就是指的孩子们的父母，选项A说这篇文章是为父母而写的，切题，故选A。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。第4个活动中：“We also created a simple guide for creating a light-up holiday card……”，我们也能够指导制作带有闪亮灯的节日贺卡。题目是问要想制作带有灯的感谢卡，最好参加哪项活动，选项A是第4个活动，切题，故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。题目问：寒假的科学，技术，工程，数学方面的4个活动具有的特点，选项A：在户外组织的，从第1个活动：“Local children’s museums or science and technology museums will be a hit.”，看出该活动是孩子们参观一些博物馆，而博物馆不是户外的，选项A错误。选项B：需要和家庭一起完成，选项C：对所有年龄的孩子免费，这两项在文章找不到对应的细节，选项D：这些活动能让孩子们去亲身体验。4个活动：参观博博物馆，在家做科学实验，用家庭里有的物品建造东西来探索工程原理，制作闪光的物品，这些活动都是要叫孩子动手、动脑的活动，所以是孩子们能亲身体验的，文中一开始：“Each of these activities is fun enough to pull your kids off the couch and away from the games.”就表述了这4个活动与看电视和玩游戏的不同，选项D切题，故选D。
【点睛】阅读理解题目中有两种对细节内容进行确定，再推理的方法：排除法和直接判定法，本题中的第3题，要将这两种方法结合使用。选项A可以在文中直接找到相关内容，来认定其错误，剩下的三个选项中B、C选项在文中没有明确的表述，应该先定为可疑项，作好记号，选项D乍一看文中也没有直接表述的内容来支撑，但通读完全文，了解了4个活动的内容和目的后，可以推理出他们都是需要孩子们自己亲身参与的活动，而不是像看电视那样被动、消极接受的活动，再结合文中开头与看电视、玩游戏进行的对比，说明这4个活动是需要孩子们亲身参与的，亲身体验的，从而选定正确答案。
B
My family moved to St. Paul, Minnesota last year, where the average winter temperature is around 10 degrees Fahrenheit. Once summer ended, everyone went inside to play ice hockey. I’d been on the ice only a couple of times when I was much younger. When I’d fallen and broken my wrist during my second lesson, I’d decided never to put on ice skates again.
Ben, the friend I made in the new city, volunteered to teach me to skate. Even though he was very patient, I was so embarrassed by my clumsiness that I began to make up excuses for not skating.
One day I discovered a faster route home. It took me past a large frozen pond. I noticed a woman teaching a young girl to skate. The girl was attempting to jump and spin in the air.
Over and over, she pushed off the ground with the toe of her skate. And over and over, she landed hard on the ice.
After I had been watching the girl practice for about a week, one afternoon she suddenly lifted off the ground, spun in the air, and landed on her feet!
The next day I bought myself some brand new skates. Every day on the way home I stopped at the pond and wobbled onto the ice, right next to the girl who had landed her jump. As she perfected her twists and tricks, I taught myself to glide and turn. It was hard being a beginner, and when I fell I had to fight the urge to simply give up. Instead, every time I went down, I just picked myself up and started over again. Soon I was able to keep my balance and skate more confidently. In just a few weeks, I was actually ready to practice the speed skating, fast stops, and quick turns needed for ice hockey. When I was finally ready to show Ben my newfound skating ability, he told me I should join the local hockey league. I tried out and was chosen for a team. By the end of the season, I was part of a winning team.
34. What can we learn about the author?
A. He learned skating from the girl.
B. He preferred ice hockey to skating.
C. He had once given up learning skating.
D. He moved to a new city without summer.
35. Why did the author mention the girl on the pond?
A. To prove the girl was skillful.
B. To suggest the girl inspired him.
C. To show the girl was a quick learner.
D. To explain how he came across the girl.
36. According to the last paragraph, the author’s training was________.
A easy and basic B. hard but rewarding
C. boring and tiring D. strict but interesting
37. What does the story mainly tell us?
A. All roads lead to Rome.
B. One is never too old to learn.
C. One good turn deserves another.
D. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
【答案】34. C 35. B 36. B 37. D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。作者在很小的时候由于滑冰摔断了手腕，所以对滑冰一直已心存畏惧，搬到明尼苏达的圣保罗后依然如此，在一次抄近路回家，经过一个冰冻池塘，作者看到了一个在练习滑冰的小女孩，她在经历了无数次的摔倒后，一周后突然腾空而起，这一幕使作者深受教育，他开始自学滑冰，一次次的摔倒，一次次的重新站起来，重新开始，最后成为了一支获胜冰球队的一员。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。第一段最后两句：“When I’d fallen and broken my wrist during my second lesson, I’d decided never to put on ice skates again.”，作者在上滑冰课的第二次就摔断的手腕，他决定再也不穿溜冰鞋了，就是不再学滑冰了，选项C是作者曾经想放弃学习滑冰，切题，故选C。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。读完全文，知道作者从曾经放弃学习滑冰，到再重新开始学习，是因为看到了小女孩在经历了无数次的摔倒后，一周后突然腾空而起，成功了，池塘上的小女孩鼓励了作者，选项B是作者提到池塘上的小女孩是想表明她激励了他，切题，故选B。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。最后一段：“It was hard being a beginner, ……every time I went down, I just picked myself up and started over again. Soon I was able to keep my balance and skate more confidently. In just a few weeks, I was actually ready to practice the speed skating, fast stops, and quick turns needed for ice hockey. ……I tried out and was chosen for a team. By the end of the season, I was part of a winning team.”，作者练习时一次次的摔倒，一次次的重新站起来，重新开始，可以看出作者练习地很艰苦，最后作者被选进冰球队，成为了一支获胜冰球队的一员，作者成功了，获得了成功，这是艰苦练习的奖励，选项B是作者的训练是艰苦的，但是有回报的，切题，故选B。
【37题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，故事情节告诉我们作者从放弃滑冰到受到鼓励自学，经过艰苦的练习，最后成功了，选项A：条条大道通罗马。选项B：活到老学到老。选项C：善有善报。选项D：有志者事竟成。选项D切题，故选D。
C
A star athlete at the college where I work recently stopped by my office. After committing a few unforced errors during a weekend match, she was riven by self-criticism. “I’m at peak fitness, and I practice hard. How is this happening?” She asked.
This student believes she should be able to control the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work. She has a sense that hours on the field should get her exactly where she needs to go. Many students have similar mentality. When they win, they feel powerful and smart. When they fail, they are crushed by self-blame. If my achievements are mine to control, they reason, my failures must be entirely my fault, too.
We talk often about young adults struggling with failure because their parents have protected them from discomfort. But there is something else at play: a false promise that they can achieve anything if they are willing to work for it.
Psychologists have sourced this phenomenon to a misapplication of “mindset” research, which has found that praising children for effort will increase academic performance. A 2018 analysis found that while praising effort over ability may benefit economically disadvantaged students, it does not necessarily help everyone.
One possible explanation comes from Suniya Luthar, who argued in a research paper that for teens in wealthy, pressure-cooker communities, “it is not a lack of motivation and perseverance (毅力) that is the big problem. Instead, it is unhealthy perfectionism, and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the desire for achievements is over the top.” They push themselves onward in face of impossible goals. A 2007 study found that teens who refused to give up impossible goals showed higher levels of C-reaction protein, a marker of systemic inflammation (全身炎症) linked to heart disease and other medical conditions. A 2014 study showed a connection between the perfectionist tendencies and depression.
The cruel reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail. Instead of allowing our kids to beat themselves up when things don’t go their way, we adults should help students pursue success in healthier ways in part by redefining failure as a feature, not a bug, of learning. At Smith College where I teach, students are asked to explore how setbacks and missteps made them stronger or more effective. We would be wise to remind our kids that life has a way of sucker-punching (意外打击) us when we least expect it. It’s often the people who learn to say “stuff happens” who get up the fastest.
38. Why was star athlete trapped by self-blame?
A. She broke down during the match.
B. She didn’t try her best in the match.
C. She believed hard work should pay off.
D. She thought she should have practiced harder.
39. What can we learn from Paragraph 5?
A. Lack of motivation and perseverance leads to teens’ failure.
B. Praising children for effort increases academic performance.
C. Children struggle with failure due to parents’ over-protection.
D. Unhealthy perfectionism causes physical and emotional stress.
40. According to the author, adults should _________.
A. help students learn from failure
B. protect students from discomfort
C. reward students for their hard work
D. explore the cause of students’ failure
41. Which of the following does the author probably agree with?
A. Effort equals achievement.
B. Motivation is the key to success.
C. Success is not always under control.
D. Effort is more important than ability.
【答案】38. C 39. D 40. A 41. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。研究表明“心态”的误用使年青人有了个伪命题：如果他们愿意为之工作，他们就能取得任何成就。但实际并非如此，生活会在最不经意的时候，给你打击，反而是那些经常说“事情会发生”的人站起来得最快。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句““I’m at peak fitness, and I practice hard. How is this happening?” She asked.”，第二段开始：“This student believes she should be able to control the outcomes of her life by virtue of her hard work.”，这位明星运动员深陷自责，她觉得她足够努力，她能通过努力来控制生活的结果，选项C：她相信努力工作就会有回报。题目问明星运动员深陷自责的原因，所以选项C切题，故选C。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段：“Instead, it is unhealthy perfectionism, and difficulty with backing off when they should, when the desire for achievements is over the top.” 相反，这是不健康的完美主义，当对成就的渴望超过巅峰时，他们很难在应该退的时候退缩。“A 2007 study found that teens who refused to give up impossible goals showed higher levels of C-reaction protein, a marker of systemic inflammation (全身炎症) linked to heart disease and other medical conditions. A 2014 study showed a connection between the perfectionist tendencies and depression.”，2007年和2014年的研究表明拒绝放弃不可能的目标会产生心脏病以及其它医学相关的炎症，抑郁与此有关。选项D：不健康的完美主义会导致身体和情感压力。所以，从第五段可以知道的研究结论是选项D切题，故选D。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。最后一段：“……we adults should help students pursue success in healthier ways in part by redefining failure as a feature, not a bug, of learning.” 我们成年人应该帮助学生以更健康的方式追求成功，将失败重新定义为学习的一个特征，而不是错误。选项A是要帮助学生从失败中学习，所以选项A切题，故选A。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。文中作者用了研究结论来说明：“The cruel reality is that you can do everything in your power and still fail.”，残酷的现实是，你可以尽你所能，仍然失败。所以可以推测出作者同意的观点是：付出未必总是有回报，选项C：成功并不总是在控制之下。选项C切题，故选C。
D
Plants do not listen to the radio. But a team of researchers in Greece recently found a way to turn lemons into very small “radio stations” that can broadcast information about their trees’ moisture content to a smartphone—the first step toward creating what the researchers call an “Internet of plants.”
Scientists had previously attached sensors to trees to measure their water use, but “no other team had created a wireless radio network among plants, sending information while consuming only a few microwatts and costing just a few dollars,” says project leader Aggelos Bletsas, a professor of electrical and computer engineering at the Technical University of Crete.
The network consists of several basic components: an existing FM radio station, an antenna (天线) attached to a lemon growing on a tree, a humidity (湿度) sensor in the lemon, a transistor connected to an antenna and an FM receiver. First, the antenna picks up the signal from the FM station, and then passes the signal to the transistor, which is modulated by the humidity sensor. The sensor switches the transistor on and off at a rate dependent on the plant’s moisture level: if the soil is wet or if the atmosphere is humid, that rate is lower; if it is dry, the rate is higher. Finally, the antenna broadcasts this information to the radio receiver on a mobile phone.
In this way, plants can tell farmers if they are thirsty. “We can literally ‘listen’ to the moisture of the plant, using our mobile FM radio with a $3.4 sensor,” Bletsas says. “Two of these sensors for every acre on any given farm might change the way we conduct agriculture and ‘understand’ plants.” He notes that more sensors may be needed for the best possible results. Such real-time information could enable better control of air and soil moisture.
Why go through all this trouble and not just use already common wireless technology, such as Bluetooth? “Not only is our technique less complex, as we are just borrowing signals in the environment,” Bletsas says, but “a Bluetooth-based sensor costs about $25. Our final aim is to launch sensors onto the market costing less than $1.”
“Bletsas and his team are completely changing the way of environmental sensing using very simple equipment and surprisingly little power,” says Alexandros Dimakis, an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Texas at Austin, who was not involved in the research. “Their work could be a transformational Internet of Things technology for agriculture and for monitoring the environment.”
Bletsas and his colleagues have already applied for a patent for their innovative technology in America.
42. The radio network created by Greek researchers _________.
A. consumes much energy
B. can be put in a smartphone
C uses simple technology at low cost
D. broadcasts radio programs to plants
43. What does the underlined word “modulated” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Monitored. B. Adjusted.
C. Measured. D. Connected.
44. What is Alexandros Dimakis’ attitude to the “radio network”?
A. Positive. B. Critical.
C. Neutral. D. Doubtful.
45. What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To discuss methods of studying plants.
B. To assess the efficiency of Internet of plants.
C. To stress the importance of keeping soil’s moisture.
D. To introduce a new way of measuring plants’ water use.
【答案】42. C 43. B 44. A 45. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。希腊的一个研究小组最近发明了一种将柠檬变成非常小的"电台"的方法，它可以向智能手机播报有关树木水分含量的信息。现在其构成还比较复杂，没有使用已经常见的无线技术，是因为开发者考虑了市场售价因素。这一发明使用非常简单的设备和小功率来彻底改变环境传感方式，他们是农业和监测环境的物联网技术。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。第五段：“Not only is our technique less complex, as we are just borrowing signals in the environment,” Bletsas says, but “a Bluetooth-based sensor costs about $25. Our final aim is to launch sensors onto the market costing less than $1.”，我们的技术不仅不太复杂，因为我们只是在环境中借用信号，而且"基于蓝牙的传感器的成本约为 25 美元。我们的最终目标是将售价低于 1 美元的传感器投放到市场上。所以这项发明是技术简单，成本低，选项C切题，故选C。
【43题详解】
词义猜测题。画线词在非限性定语从句中作谓语，它的主语是transistor：晶体管收音机，也就是这个动词是对晶体管收音机操作的意思，整句话是：晶体管收音机由湿度传感器来modulated。选项B：调节，调整，切题，故选B。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。倒数第二段：““Bletsas and his team are completely changing the way of environmental sensing using very simple equipment and surprisingly little power,” says Alexandros Dimakis, an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering at the University of Texas at Austin, who was not involved in the research. “Their work could be a transformational Internet of Things technology for agriculture and for monitoring the environment.””，Alexandros Dimakis虽然没有参与这一发明，但他的评价是：这一发明使用非常简单的设备和小功率来彻底改变环境传感方式，他们是农业和监测环境的物联网技术。可以看出他对这一发明是持支持和赞扬的态度的，选项A是赞同的; 拥护的，切题，故选A。
【45题详解】
主旨大意题。文章一开始：“a team of researchers in Greece recently found a way to turn lemons into very small “radio stations” that can broadcast information about their trees’ moisture content to a smartphone……”，就点明了本篇文章的主旨，介绍一项发明：将柠檬变成非常小的"电台"，它可以向智能手机播报有关树木水分含量的信息，选项D：介绍一种测量植物用水的新方法。切题，故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Surveillance (监视) is a fact of life. Your boss is monitoring your performance at work. Supermarkets are collecting data on your grocery shopping. ___46___
In a few months, European Union law-makers are due to approve proposals that will make driver assistance systems mandatory (强制的) in cars within three years. All new models of car will come with black boxes (event data recorders), intelligent speed assistance, lane-keeping assistance and more besides.
A large number of technologies will soon be monitoring a driver’s every move. Are we prepared for devices that watch how we drive and try to help us do it better?
___47___ In a report published in April 2018, it found that the suite of changes could save at least 7,300 lives by 2030, and reduce the number of serious injuries from car crashes by 38,900. “We can have the same kind of impact as when safety belts were first introduced,” says Oliver Carsten, who studies transport safety at the University of Leeds, UK.
___48___ The black box is the most controversial (有争议的) tech because of fears that the tech encourages surveillance. It would be easy to worry about being watched in your car. But the EU rules say the system is only checked in the event of an accident to help with insurance claims and police investigation. The point is to provide for a fair allocation (分配) of responsibility when a crash occurs. Some people choose to have a black box because it can reduce their individual insurance premium (保险费). ____49____ What’s more, the data collected in human-driven cars will help train automated driving systems to the point that they could be ready for large-scale deployment in the future.
___50___ Drivers should think of it as an extra layer of protection, rather than the vehicle trying to take over driving from you.
A. Now there is a new field: the automobile.
B. There is concern about these technologies, however.
C. The tech is reducing costs because it’s reducing the number of crashes.
D. Safety isn't much discussed, principally because cars are already very safe.
E. While the EU is taking the boldest steps, these technologies aren't far behind in other parts of the world.
F. As a result, what may at first glance seem like a surveillance technology is actually a benefit for society.
G. The European Commission says that introducing these advanced driver assistance systems will make driving safer.
【答案】46. A 47. G 48. B 49. C 50. F
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。几个月后，欧盟立法者将批准在三年内强制在汽车里安装驾驶员辅助系统的提案，所有新车型的汽车将配备黑匣子（事件数据记录器），智能速度辅助，车道保持辅助等。这些辅助系统能够减少伤害，降低事故，但也引起了争议。
【46题详解】
设空句为第一段的末句，这一段第一句是段落主旨句，接着作者举了例子，来说明监视是生活中实际的存在，选项A是生活中存在监视的一个新地方——汽车，下文就是关于汽车里安装驾驶辅助系统的内容，选项A既是第一段内容的承上，又是对第二段的启下，选项A切题，故选A。
【47题详解】
设空句为这一段的首句，是这段的主旨句，下文介绍了驾驶员辅助系统能够减少伤害、降低事故的数量，它就像是我们现在使用的安全带。选项G：欧盟委员会表示，引入这些先进的驾驶员辅助系统将使驾驶更安全。所以，选项G切题，故选G。
【48题详解】
设空句为这一段的句首，是这段的主旨句，下文：“The black box is the most controversial (有争议的) tech because of fears that the tech encourages surveillance.”，写了驾驶员辅助系统引起的争议，对这种监视有不同的声音，选项B：然而，人们对这些技术感到担忧。However的使用提示与上段所写内容有转折的逻辑关系，选项B引出本段内容切题，故选B。
【49题详解】
设空句前一句：“Some people choose to have a black box because it can reduce their individual insurance premium.” 有些人选择用黑匣子，因为它可以减少他们的个人保险费，选项C：这项技术正在降低成本，因为它减少了碰撞的数量，承接上句，解释上句的原因，选项C切题，故选C。
【50题详解】
上文介绍了汽车驾驶员辅助系统可以降低事故，减少个人保费，是对社会有好处，选项F：因此，只要稍微看看，就知道监视技术是对社会有好处。承接上段内容，选项F切题，故选F。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节, 35分）
第一节（15分）
51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim来信询问你校开展体育活动的情况。请你给他回信，内容包括：
1. 你校开展的体育活动；
2. 给学生带来的益处。
注意：1. 词数不少于50；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m glad to hear from you. In your last letter, you showed great interest in sports activities held in our school. Let me introduce it to you.
Our PE subject is well received by all students because various sports courses are offered and we can do different sports of our own choice. After class, there are many sports clubs available for us to enjoy our spare time and develop athletic skills. Our school also holds some regular sports events such as sports meet in September, where everyone can experience the spirit of sports.
All these sports events have brought us great benefits. They have encouraged us to do physical exercise actively and strengthened our sense of team cooperation.
What sports activities are held in your school?
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封信，告诉对方：学校开展的体育活动；体育活动给学生带来的益处。。
【详解】第一步：审题
体裁：一般性应用文——书信
格式：格式是书信，要写明写信的对象（即称呼）和写信人（即署名），正文前可适当添加问候语，还要有结尾语
要点：要包括二个要点——学校在开展体育活动，体育活动给学生带来的好处。
结构：总分法
第二步：列提纲（重点短语和词汇）
show ;interest; sports activities ; receive; sports courses ; sports clubs ; available; spare time ;develop; regular sports events; the spirit of sports; benefit; encourage; physical exercise ;strengthen ; team cooperation.
第三步：连词成句
In your last letter, you showed great interest in sports activities.
Our PE subject is well received by all students because various sports courses are offered
We can do different sports of our own choice.
After class, there are many sports clubs available for us to enjoy our spare time and develop athletic skills.
Our school also holds some regular sports events such as sports meet in September,
Everyone can experience the spirit of sports.
All these sports events have brought us great benefits.
They have encouraged us to do physical exercise actively and strengthened our sense of team cooperation.
第四步：连句成篇
第五步：润色修改
【点睛】范文格式正确，完成了试题规定的任务，覆盖所有内容要点，应用了很多的语法结构和词汇：非限制性定语从句：Our school also holds some regular sports events such as sports meet in September, where everyone can experience the spirit of sports.；状语从句：Our PE subject is well received by all students because various sports courses are offered and we can do different sports of our own choice.，文章是介绍体育活动的开展和好处，所以考生使用了几处被动语态来突出谈论的主体：is well received；are offered。非谓语动词：In your last letter, you showed great interest in sports activities held in our school. Let me introduce it to you.；After class, there are many sports clubs available for us to enjoy our spare time and develop athletic skills.；They have encouraged us to do physical exercise actively and strengthened our sense of team cooperation.也使整篇文章的结构更丰富。结尾可以说是个亮点，没有使用一般常用的希望收到你的回信这样的表述，而是用了提问的句式，表达希望对方回信的意愿，完全达到了预期的写作目的。
第二节（20分）
52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们班上周开展了“垃圾分类，从我做起”的活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。
注意： 1.词数不少于60。
2.开头已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：垃圾桶 dustbin
Last week, our class organized an activity themed “Garbage Sorting, Take Action Now” to help save resources and protect the environment.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Last week, our class organized an activity themed “Garbage Sorting, Take Action Now” to help save resources and protect the environment.
At the class meeting, our teacher introduced the idea of garbage sorting and called upon us to take action, which was warmly welcomed by all of us.
After that, our work got started. First of all, we searched the Internet for related information, such as why to sort garbage and how to do it. Besides, to raise more students’ awareness of garbage sorting, we made a poster.
The next day, we went to the campus to explain and demonstrate how to sort garbage into different dustbins. Our action caught many students’ attention and they expressed their willingness to join us.
Back home, I shared what I had learned with my parents and we worked together to put the household garbage into different bins.
Through the experience, I deeply realize the urgency of garbage sorting and I am very proud of the efforts we have put into environmental protection.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是图画作文。要求考生根据四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述上周开展的“垃圾分类，从我做起”的活动整个过程。
【详解】1．体裁：周记文体。
主要时态：一般过去时。
人称：第一人称。
要点：记叙描绘文体，抓住4个要点：时间，地点，人物，事件前后经过。
格式：周记。
结构：总分总
2．简译：对每幅图用英语表述出来
3．衔接：将图与图之间隐藏的要点要挖掘出来，第2幅图要有两个部分：查资料，做海报；第3幅图既要写作者所做的事，也要写同学们对活动的反响
4．成文：加上过渡词语，改变一些句式，整理成文
【点睛】本篇书面表达格式正确；要点全面；时态一致；围绕主题；词汇和句式正确。
考生对所给图画里的要点找全了，兼顾了图内图外内容，如第3幅图：要增加同学们听到宣讲后的反响，较好把握了图中人物与人物、人物与地点、人物与画面以及图画内各部分的关系，还注意了图画内容的连续性及统一性(人称、时态等前后一致)。
在语言方面，使用了非限制性定语从句： At the class meeting, our teacher introduced the idea of garbage sorting and called upon us to take action, which was warmly welcomed by all of us.，宾语从句：I shared what I had learned with my parents and we worked together to put the household garbage into different bins.，非谓语动词：Besides, to raise more students’ awareness of garbage sorting, we made a poster.，两个疑问副词加动词不定式的句式：why to，how to，使文章句式结构有变化，更加简练。完全达到了预期的写作目的。
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