衡水市2020届新高考英语高三作文“内容概要”模拟练习（二）写作指导

2020届衡水市新高考英语高三作文“内容概要”

模拟练习（二）写作指导

阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

We already know that the underwater world is anything but silent. It's full of natural sounds produced by animals and by the motion of the atmosphere and water. But today's researchers are increasingly concerned about the man-made noises under the water. They are confusing- and even killing-fish, whales and other marine animals.

Although hearing is important to all animals, the special qualities of the undersea world emphasize the use of sound.  Underwater sound allows marine animals to gather information and communicate at great distances and from all directions. Loud underwater noises can cause damage to their hearing. And nowadays it's becoming too much for marine wildlife. Evidence shows that whales will swim hundreds of miles, rapidly change their depth, and even beach themselves to get away from the sounds of sonar.

You might think lower noises, typically caused by shipping or construction, do not pose a threat to marine animals. In fact, while they may not kill the animals directly, they can disturb their ability to locate food, find mates and avoid predators (掠食动物). Scientists looked at the effects of noise from small motorboats on coral-reef fish at the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. In the lab, the fish had been trained to recognize the smell of three common predators as a threat. Some fish were trained in the presence of boat noise, while the others had training with the natural sounds of the ocean. It turned out that the first group showed no fright reactions when exposed to the predator. However, the other group was scared. And under the influence of underwater noise on this group, only 20 percent of fish survived, compared to almost 70 percent of unexposed fish.

Humans rely on the ocean for its natural resources and biodiversity. The ocean also plays an important role in regulating (调节)temperatures. As Cousteau said, "For most of history, man has had to fight nature to survive; in this century he is beginning to realize that, in order to survive, he must protect it."

二、概写步骤

第一步：通读理解全文，了解文章结构，理清各段落之间的逻辑关系，提取全文中心词，尤其是名词与动词。

第二步：细读原文，划出各段的主题句与关键词，关键词以动词与名词为主，涵盖段落全部要点。

第三步：根据所划内容，结合理解，理清句内逻辑关系，然后转述或合成句子。可用中文概括出段落大意，然后用一句话翻译出来(合理利用原词)。

第四步：通读修改。要考虑句首连接词的使用、高级词汇的替换、句式的多样、语法是否正确以及字数的多少等。

第五步：用衡水体抄到试卷上，力求清楚美观。

三、分段概括

关键词句已在原文标出，结合理解，用中文概括出一句话并译成英文。

❶现在，研究人员担心海洋动物受到人为水下噪音的干扰。

Nowadays, researchers fear that marine animals are being disturbed by man-made underwater noises.

❷由于习惯于利用自然噪声收集信息与相互交流，他们无法忍受严重损害他们的听力的巨大的水下噪声。

Being accustomed to using natural noises for information and communication, they cannot bear loud underwater noises which severely impair their hearing.

❸与此同时，科学家已经证实，既便是人为产生的较低的噪音也会使它们处于危险之中，使得它们难以生存。

Meanwhile, scientists have proved that even lower noises produced by man are also putting them at risk, making it hard for them to survive.

❹因此，为了人类的未来生存，保护海洋和海洋动物至关重要。

Therefore, for the future survival of humans, it is essential to safeguard the ocean and marine animals.

四、下水范文

Nowadays, researchers fear that marine animals are being disturbed by man-made underwater noises.(要点1)Being accustomed to using natural noises for information and communication, they cannot bear loud underwater noises which severely impair their hearing.(要点2)Meanwhile, scientists have proved that even lower noises produced by man are putting them at risk, making it hard for them to survive.(要点3)Therefore, for the future survival of humans, it is essential to safeguard the ocean and marine animals. (要点4)【74字】

参考范文：

Although underwater world is not silent, man-made sound is doing great harm to marine animal. （要点1） Important as underwater sound is to animals there, loud noises in the sea threatens their normal life. （要点2） According to scientists’ research, the survival rate of fish drops sharply under the influence of noise, whether loud or not. （要点3） Thus, with the benefits of ocean to the environment and temperature, people must protect it rather than fight it.（要点4）【71字】