2020版高考英语总复习Unit1Greatscientists高考题型分组训练新人教版必修5

Unit 1 Great scientists高考题型分组训练阅读理解板块训练——重细节，练速度(限时：35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解ABertha von Suttner received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1905—she was the first woman to receive it, and also the inspiration for the creation of the Nobel Prize.She met Alfred Nobel, a rich millionaire, by answering his newspaper ad for a secretary. Although she only worked for him for a few weeks, she remained good friends with Alfred Nobel for the next 20 years. When she became involved in the peace movement in Europe, she promised to keep Nobel informed of its progress.  When Alfred Nobel died in 1896,  his will included the establishment of a peace prize, thanks to Bertha von Suttner's influence.Bertha von Suttner was born in an aristocratic(贵族的) military family, but she spent the second half of her life working for peace. She wrote books, attended peace conferences, gave lectures and helped organize peace societies in Austria, Germany and Hungary, as well as the International Peace Bureau in Switzerland. Her novel, Lay Down Your Arms, was one of the most influential anti－war books of all time, and helped to make her a leader of the peace movement in Europe. Its end to war theme was both the ambition(抱负) and the most important goal in the life of this great woman.Bertha von Suttner worked so hard for peace because she believed that a terrible war would break out in Europe if nations didn't work hard to establish lasting peace institutions. She made many major achievements for a more peaceful world, but two months after she died, World War Ⅰ broke out. A hundred years after she won the Nobel Peace Prize, nations still seem to view war as a choice to work out their problems. But like Bertha von Suttner did, many today are working hard around the world to help strengthen peace institutions and spread the idea that it's time to put an end to war.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了第一位女性诺贝尔和平奖获得者Bertha von Suttner。1．Bertha von Suttner ________.A．worked for Alfred Nobel for 20 yearsB．helped Alfred Nobel draw up his willC．persuaded Alfred Nobel to join the peace movementD．inspired Alfred Nobel to establish the Nobel Peace Prize[解析]　细节理解题。由第一段中的“also the inspiration for the creation of the Nobel Prize”和第二段中的“his will included the establishment of a peace prize, thanks to Bertha von Suttner's influence”可知，诺贝尔在他的遗嘱中指明设立诺贝尔和平奖主要是受到Bertha von Suttner的影响。[答案]　D2．Paragraph 3 is mainly about Bertha von Suttner's________.A．efforts and contributions to the peace movementB．family background and work experiencesC．writing career and life experiencesD．ambition and goals in life[解析]　段落大意题。由第三段中的“wrote books, attended peace conferences, gave lectures and helped organize peace societies”和“the most influential anti－war books”以及“a leader of the peace movement in Europe”可知，本段主要讲述了Bertha von Suttner为和平运动所做出的努力和贡献。[答案]　A3．What do we know about Lay Down Your Arms?A．It was based on a true story.B．It recorded Bertha von Suttner's daily life.C．It was about an aristocratic military family.D．It showed Bertha von Suttner's wish for peace.[解析]　推理判断题。由第三段中的“anti－war books”和“Its end to war theme was both the ambition(抱负) and the most important goal in the life of this great woman”可知，《放下武器》这部小说反映了Bertha von Suttner对世界和平的渴望。[答案]　DBContestants from around the world met in Pomona, California, this month to test their skills at things like driving a car, walking down stairs, and opening doors. Sounds easy, right? But the competitors weren't people—they were robots!The bots were participating in the final round of the US's DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) Robotics Challenge. This  event, which took place on June 5－6, tested robots on how well they could respond during a disaster and the winning team finally took home a $2 million grand prize.The DARPA challenge was created after the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan. An earthquake caused a tsunami, which damaged a nuclear power plant. Workers at the plant needed to shut off an important valve (阀门), but it was too dangerous for humans to reach it. The US scientists at DARPA wondered whether the disaster could have been avoided if  a robot had been sent to do the_job. So they set up the robotics competition.Turning a valve was just one task a robot might have to perform when entering a disaster zone. In addition to doing this, robots participating in the challenge had to navigate a course containing several other tasks: driving and exiting a vehicle, opening a door, walking over or clearing objects, cutting a hole in a wall, plus climbing a flight of stairs.Teams had to complete the challenge in one hour, and points were awarded based on how quickly the robots completed a task. They didn't have to attempt all the tasks. To make things even more realistic, challenge organizers caused short computer－system blackouts (断电) that prevented robots and the human operators controlling them from communicating. That means teams had to program their bots to be partially autonomous (独立的). Robots also couldn't be attached to anything that could keep them from falling down, which happened a lot.语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了在加利福尼亚州举行的DARPA机器人挑战赛。4．What do we know about this year's DARPA challenge?A．It lasted five days.B．It was held in Japan.C．Its winner got a cash prize.D．Its winner will work in Fukushima.[解析]　细节理解题。由第二段的“the winning team finally took home a $2 million grand prize”可知，加利福尼亚州举行的为期两天的DARPA机器人挑战赛冠军得主获得了200万美元的现金大奖。[答案]　C5．What does the underlined part “the job” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A．To open a door.B．To close a valve.C．To predict a tsunami.D．To rebuild a nuclear power plant.[解析]　词义猜测题。画线部分所在句的the disaster指代上文的福岛核电站事故，科学家认为如果当时能有机器人去关闭核电站的阀门，那么那场事故就会避免，故此处的the job指关闭阀门。[答案]　B6．The robots that participated in the US's DARPA challenge were required to ________.A．challenge all the tasksB．have a good sense of smellC．complete their tasks in an hourD．act in the dark in the whole process[解析]　细节理解题。由最后一段介绍机器人参赛规则的“Teams had to complete the challenge in one hour”可知，参赛机器人需要在一个小时之内完成比赛内容。[答案]　C7．What is the text mainly about?A．A nuclear disaster.B．A research program.C．A robotics competition.D．A scientific organization.[解析]　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了在加利福尼亚州举行的DARPA机器人挑战赛赛况及其规则。[答案]　CC(2018·江苏苏州期中调研)A biologist from the National Park Service discovered a rare and unusual mammoth(猛犸) skull(颅骨) buried in a 13,000－year－old rock layer on the Santa Rosa Island, the second largest landmass in the Channel Islands, California. The fossil of the extinct giant animal is leaving many paleontologists(古生物学家) scratching_their_heads. The species of the individual it belonged to can't seem to be identified yet—it's too big to be a pygmy(特别矮小的) mammoth and too small to have come from a Columbian mammoth. Some say it's a new species while others believe the truth lies somewhere in between.Judging from its size, the newly found mammoth skull doesn't seem to fit any of the two species, Columbian or pygmy. To make things even more confusing, one of its two tusks(象牙) is nearly five feet long and coiled in a manner that resembles those of fully grown mammoths but the left tusk is shorter and sloping, more like a juvenile's(青少年)．More interesting than the mammoth's lineage, however, might be its story. The giant mammal lived 13,000 years ago or roughly the same timeline of the “Arlington Man”， a 13,000－year－old human skeleton also found on Santa Rosa. Some 3,000 years later humans were already spread throughout the continent and the Channel Islands' mammoth went extinct. The present finding might help reveal a link between the two.The remains also seem to confirm a long－held assumption that there were two mammoth migrations to the Channel Islands. “The discovery of this mammoth skull increases the probability that there were at least two migrations of Columbian mammoths to the islands，” said USGS geologist Dan Muhs.语篇解读：文章主要介绍一个新发现的猛犸头盖骨，这个猛犸头盖骨有许多未解之谜。8．The underlined part in the first paragraph means the pale－ontologists feel ________.A．excited    B．confusedC．anxious    D．frustrated[解析]　词义猜测题。根据文章第一段的“The species of the individual it belonged to can't seem to be identified yet”可知，它属于什么物种还不能被确认，故scratching their heads意为“困惑的”。故选B。[答案]　B9．Which is among the reasons why the newly found skull is special?A．Its structure.B．The place where it's found.C．Its age.D．Its shape.[解析]　细节理解题。根据第二段的“To make things even more confusing, one of its two tusks(象牙) is nearly five feet long and  coiled in a manner that resembles those of fully grown mammoths  but the left tusk is shorter and sloping, more like a juvenile's(青少年)．”可知选C。[答案]　C10．What can we conclude from the last two paragraphs?A．The Santa Rosa mammoth migrated to the Channel Islands from elsewhere.B．There may be a link between the extinction of mammoths and the spread of humans.C．At least two mammoth groups migrated to the Channel Islands during different periods.D．There remains no final conclusion as to how many mammoth groups migrated to the islands.[解析]　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的第一句和“The discovery of this mammoth skull increases the probability that there  were at least two migrations of Columbian mammoths to the islands”可知，对于多少猛犸群迁徙到岛上还没有最后的结论。故选D。[答案]　D11．This passage mainly tells us the newly found mammoth skull ________.A．is among the best preserved, but with a mysterious storyB．has aroused a debate over what species it belongs toC．is of great scientific importance to mankindD．is likely to confirm a former assumption[解析]　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的“discovered a rare... rock layer”和倒数第二段的“More interesting than the mammoth's lineage, however, might be its story.”可知，文章主要告诉我们新发现的猛犸头盖骨保存完好并且有着神秘的故事。故选A。[答案]　AD(2018·湖北省八校联考)I was born on the 17th of November 1828, in the village of Nam Ping, which is about four miles southwest of the Portuguese Colony(殖民地) of Macao, and is located on Pedro Island lying west of Macao, from which it is separated by a channel of half a mile wide.As early as 1834, an English lady, Mrs. Gutzlaff, wife of a missionary to China, came to Macao. Supported by the Ladies' Association in London for the promotion of female education in India and the East, she immediately took up the work of starting a girls' school for Chinese girls，which was soon followed by the opening of a boys' school.Mrs. Gutzlaff's comprador(买办) happened to come from my village and was actually my father's friend and neighbor. It was through him that my parents heard about Mrs. Gutzlaff's school and it was doubtlessly through his influence and means that my father got me admitted into the school. It has always been a mystery to me why my parents should put me into a foreign school, instead of a  traditional Confucian school, where my big brother was placed. Most certainly such a step would have been more suitable for Chinese public opinion，taste, and the wants of the country than to allow me to attend an English school. Moreover, a Chinese belief is the only avenue in China that leads to political promotion, influence, power and wealth. I can only guess that as foreign communication with China was just beginning to grow, my parents hoped that it might be worthwhile to put one of their sons to learn English. In this way he might become an interpreter and have a more advantageous position to enter the business and diplomatic world. I am wondering if that influenced my parents to put me into Mrs. Gutzlaff's School. As to what other sequences it has eventually brought about in my later life, they were entirely left in the hands of God.语篇解读：本文主要讲述了作者——“中国留学生之父”容闳7岁时，父亲将他送往英国人郭士立夫人在澳门开办的一所男子学校读书的故事。12．How was the author admitted to Mrs. Gutzlaff's school?A．Through his father's request.B．Through his father's friend's help.C．Through his own efforts to exams.D．Through Mrs. Gutzlaff's influence.[解析]　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It was through him that my parents heard about... my father got me admitted into the school.”可知，作者是通过父亲的朋友的影响和帮助才上的郭士立夫人的学校。[答案]　B13．Why did the author's parents put him into an English school?A．Because it met with Chinese public opinion.B．Because an English school was more influential.C．Because he could become a successful interpreter.D．Because foreign trade with China was developing fast.[解析]　细节理解题。根据最后一段的倒数第三句“In this way he might become an interpreter and have a more advantageous position to enter the business and diplomatic world.”可知，作者的父母让他上英国学校可能是因为想让他做翻译，以后能在外贸和外交环境中有一定的优势。[答案]　C14．What did the author think of his parents' decision to put him into an English school?A．It was skeptical.B．It was wonderful.C．It was thoughtful.D．It was mysterious.[解析]　观点态度题。根据最后一段的第三句“It has always been a mystery to me why my parents should put me into a foreign school, instead of a traditional Confucian school, where my big brother was placed.”可知，作者至今还不太明白家人把他送到英国学校读书的原因。[答案]　D15．What does the underlined word “sequences” in the last sentence probably mean?A．Results.    B．Order.C．Tricks.    D．Progress.[解析]　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“it has eventually brought about in my later life, they were entirely left in the hands of God”可知，上了这个英国学校之后连续发生的事情，都不是父母所能掌控的，由此可推知，此处讲的是这件事的后果。[答案]　AⅡ.七选五阅读填空(2018·陕西省高三质检)How to Choose a Topic for Your PaperNo matter what research paper you write, the first  and most important step is to choose the topic. __1__ Here are some tips for you to follow.To choose a good topic, you'll have to ask yourself  some important questions. Is there enough research available on this topic? Is the topic new and unique enough  that I can offer fresh opinions? Is it related to my subject and future occupation?__2__  Writing about something you enjoy certainly  shows in the final product，making it more likely that you  will be successful in writing a paper about something you enjoy.If you are writing a research paper for a class, consider the other students. __3__ How can you keep your paper  unique and interesting if everyone is writing about the same thing?Ask your professor or classmates for advice, if you're struggling to come up with a “right” topic. __4__ Sometimes asking professors for help may seem frightening, but if they are worth anything as a professor, they want you to be successful in your work，and will do what they can to make that happen.If you choose a topic, begin researching，and realize  that it isn't the right decision for you for some reason, don't worry!  __5__ Although it requires a bit more time, yet changing your topic will make your writing more efficient.A．Have a clear picture of organization in mind.B．Be courageous and change it.C．Is it likely that they will also be writing about your topic?D．However, many students are discouraged by this first step.E．Take a trip to your local library or university library.F．Choose a topic that you have very strong emotion in.G．They are likely to have great ideas.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了如何选择论文主题。1．[解析]　根据上文的“the first and most important step is to choose the topic”可推知，此处应表示“可是很多学生在第一步就受挫”，所以选D项。[答案]　D2．[解析]　根据下文的“Writing about something you enjoy certainly shows  in the final product, making it more likely that you will be successful in writing a paper about something you enjoy.”可知，本段主要讲要对自己的选题有兴趣，这样才有可能写好，所以选F项。[答案]　F3．[解析]　根据上文的“consider the other students”及下文的“How can you  keep your paper unique and interesting if everyone is writing about the same thing？”可知，论文选题要考虑到其他学生是否也会选同一话题，所以选C项。[答案]　C4．[解析]　根据上文的“Ask your professor or classmates for advice, if you're struggling to come up with a ‘right’ topic.”可推知，老师或同学可能会给你一些好的建议，所以选G项。[答案]　G5．[解析]　根据上文的“it isn't the right decision”及下文的“changing your topic will make your writing more efficient”可知，发现选题不合适时要有足够的勇气去替换它，所以选B项。[答案]　B