江苏省南通市启东市吕四中学2020届高三下学期期初考试英语试题

吕四中学2020届高三下学期期初考试

英语

一、    单选 (总分20分)

1. With globalization sweeping the world, learning foreign languages will become increasingly necessary if a country _________ economically.

A. will compete  B. is to compete  C. were to compete  D. competes

2. The most exciting thing for him was____ he finally succeeded in____ seemed to be the most difficult exam to him.

1. that; what      B. that; which      C. what; that     D. what; which

3. However busy you are, try to______ at least half an hour each day to practice listening and reading.

1. put away      B. put up           C. put of        D. put aside

4. We are always creating new virtual communication platforms for ourselves, intentionally or unintentionally, _________ we tend to forget our true identity in the real world.

A. which    B. what     C. where    D. that

5. Not that I’m unwilling to lend you a hand, _______I’m too busy for the moment.

A. because    B. but that         C. but for       D. however

6. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ______they are being trained.

A. in that             B. for that          C. in which    D. for which.

7. --- Well, lost again! 　

--- It is not very important. We _____ forget about it. OK ?

A . can’t           B. might well       　C. might as well        D. ought to

8. Lisa has had to stop doing all the gardening recently, _____ her back problem.

1. on account of    B.in response to      C. with regard to    D.by means of

9. There,______Mrs Smith, showing her pupils how to put a logo onto the new torch.

A. standing on the platform was        B. was standing on a platform

C. on a platform was standing         D. was on a platform standing

10. --- What do you think of the contest?

--- I was told that the English Speech Contest ______ successfully last night.

A. went along    B. went down           C. went off             D. went on

11. _____ the Internet is of great help, I don’t think it is a good idea to spend too much time on it.

A. As               B. Because         C. While               D. when

12. My most famous relative of all, _______ who really left his marks on America, was Reb Sussel, my great-grandfather.

A. one               B. the one         C .he                  D. someone  

13. Indonesia’s flag is based on a national flag _______ back to the 13th century_____ had 9 red and white stripes.

A. date; which     B. dates; when        C. dated ; that     D. dating ; that

14. I have £20 000 and I need £25 000 but my parents have promised to ______the difference.

A. make for      B make up.        C. make out        D. make off

15. Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication______ the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered.

A. in that           B. which          C. what            D. because of

16. In particular, we associate ancient Greek civilization with the capital city of Athens, _________ is the Acropolis.

A. the greatest symbol of which     B. of which greatest symbol  

C. whose the greatest symbol      D. of whose greatest symbol

17. ---How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?

--- That ______ me fine.

A. fits               B. meets            C. satisfies          D. suits

18. The theory he’s stuck _____ us that earthquakes can be forecast .

A. to prove       B. to proves 　　 C. to proves to    D. which to prove

19. __________his financial problems , his wife also left him , which made him very depressed .

A. Except for    B. Thanks to    C. On top of   D. Except

20. ----Mum, we’ve searched at least 5 stores, but still cannot find one that suits my taste.

----Be patient, dear. ____________ .

A. The best fish swim near the bottom.      B. One’s meat is another man’s poison.

C. A bad workman always blames his tool.   D. The lion is not so fierce as he is painted.

二、    完形填空（总分20分）

I read about an athlete who made it all the way to the Olympics despite hating his chosen sport. He committed his entire life to   36   one tiny, yet large, sentence—I’m proud of you. At some point we all have someone we want to   37  , whose approval means the world to us.

I have a clear memory of the person I wanted approval from telling me I was intelligent, the kind of memory that stays very clear because you’ve recalled it so many times. I had   38   someone’s opinion about buying a Canadian soda. “We should really support our own economy,” ten-year-old me said. I had no idea what that meant,   39   I was looked at with approval, and my heart was filled with   40  . I loved that feeling—the approval of my hero. It was nothing like the Olympic athlete, but I made some very big   41   based on what might make them   42  . I was hugely affected by wanting their approval.

Months ago this person removed me from his life. It hurt a lot. However, in life there is rarely hurt   43   growth. I recently   44   on myself and my behavior and noticed something—I feel free. After a period of denying and upset, I   45   that this is just how it is. This realization made me see how often I was transforming myself according to the   46  , “What would they think?” I’d been using the desire for approval as an   47   excuse for hiding. My excuse was gone immediately I realized it   48  . It was time to   49   step into myself and stop hiding who I am from others. Are you hiding? I hid in approval-seeking. Maybe you hide behind judgment. We all have our ways, and it can be really scary to let   50   go.

The thing is,   51  , as long as we prevent ourselves being truly seen, we will never be truly understood. Connection with others won’t be wholly authentic, and we will edit ourselves because we   52   potential thoughts in other people’s heads. It’s pretty   53  . Of course, breaking up isn’t     54   when you expect to be freed from wanting someone’s approval. You don’t even have to tell them you no longer care what they think of you. Just   55   and do what makes you happy and go for the things you really want in life. Do your thing, and let them do theirs.

36. A. searching B. seeking C. making D. reading

37. A. love  B. upset C. please D. annoy

38. A. shared B. assessed C. analyzed  D. parroted

39. A. so B. but C. as D. for

40. A. disappointment B. depression  C. satisfaction D. amazement

41. A. profits B. statements C. decisions  D. preparations

42. A. cozy B. healthy C. wise D. proud

43. A. with B. without C. by  D. through

44. A. reflected B. dawned C. counted  D. experimented

45. A. assumed B. accepted C. anticipated D. argued

46. A. opinion B. concept C. thought  D. reason

47. A. unconscious  B. unforgettable C. unpleasant D. unbelievable

48. A. existed B. rose C. faded D. disappeared

49. A. physically B. precisely C. automatically  D. authentically

50. A. them B. it C. us D. you

51. A. therefore B. instead C. though  D. eventually

52. A. miss B. fear C. doubt D. advocate

53. A. appealing B. scarce C. silly D. inspiring

54. A. impossible B. necessary  C. important D. abundant

55. A. look out B. hurry up C. hold on  D. go ahead

三、    阅读理解（总分30）

A

At present, there are five network firms—China Telecom, China Unicom, Jitong Communications, China Netcom and China Mobile —that are allowed to operate IP services in China. Each company has its advantages in service.

Charge：

As the ministry of Information Industry co-ordinates(合作), the charges of IP calls of the five companies are the same, 0.30 yuan per minute for DDD calls, 4.80 yuan per minute for IDD calls, 2.50 yuan for calls from the mainland to Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan, and 4.50 yuan from Shenzhen to HK, Zhongshan and Zhuhai to Macao. IP callers don’t enjoy discounts(折扣) on holidays.

Range：

China Telecom has the widest coverage. All cities in China with telephone access(通路)and most countries in the world are open to China Telecom’s IP card.

China Unicom’s IP card reach 29 cities nationwide and more than 130 countries and regions worldwide, Jitong’ IP can access 12 cities in China and over 70 countires and regions worldwide.

China Netcom’s IP card can reach 14 cities in China, and 149 countries and regions in the wourld.

China Mobile’s IP card is open to only six cities nationwide but can access more than 200 countries and regions worldwide.

China Telecom realizes its IP service by the public Internet, therefore net congestion（拥挤）and voice delay may sometimes disturb conversations. The other four companies have their private data networks, which help to increase transmission speed improve voice quality.

Other services：

China Telecom, Jitong and China Mobile offer account transfer services. Users can transfer the remaining sum of money on one card to another card.

Jitong and Netcom link their services with bank cards. One can enjoy IP service without an IP card. Bank card users can make IP phone calls their card numbers. So they needn’t buy new Ipcards and remember the new numbers again and again.

As for customer service, China Telecom, China Unicom and China Mobile provide free hot line service, while Jitong and Netcom charge for their services.

1．What does the passage mainly talk about?

A．Organization of the five IP firms.     B．Difference between the five IP firms.

C．Foundation of China’s five IP firms   D．Development of China’s five IP firms

2．Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?

A．China of the following is mentioned in the passage?

B．China Mobile’s coverage is the least of the five firms.

C．China Telecom accesses many more cities nationwide than the other four

D．China Netcom is the only one to be allowed to operate IP service

3．When enjoying IP service. ________.

A．Jitong users needn’t buy IP cards     

B．China Telecom users needn’t buy new IP cards

C．Netcom users have to link with a bank

D．China Mobile users have to pay for their hot line service

B

Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.

Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same "fight-or-flight" reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict ("fight"), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation ("flight"). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called "tend and befriend." That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young ("tend"), and by looking for social contact and support from others - especially other females('befriend").

Scientists have long known that in the fight-or- flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that "animalsand people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious." While men also secrete(分泌) oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.

In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.

The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.

The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory(调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.

4. The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to        .

A. turn to friends for help         B. solve a conflict calmly

C. find an escape from reality         D. seek comfort from children

5. Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?

A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.

B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.

C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.

D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.

6. What can be learned from the passage?

A. Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress.

B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.

C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.

D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.

7. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

 A. How men and women get over stress      

B. How men and women suffer from stress

C. How researchers overcome stress problems

D. How researchers handle stress-related disorders

C

At first glance, price-comparison websites are an example of capitalism at its best. But it has caused fierce competition on price and eviscerated profits. Towers Watson, a consultancy,

said that "unnecessary" price competition following the rise of comparison sites in Britain had cost insurers ￡1 billion a year.

Consumers should celebrate that;the firms' losses are their gains.But there is a catch.Comparison sites introduce a new layer of costs,including their own advertising campaigns.In theory,competition in the market for comparison sites ought to keep those costs down.But David Ronayne of Warwick University argues that consumers often lose out from comparison sites.They earn a commission for each shopper who uses them for consumption such as buying insurance.That referral（委托）cost is included in the price the consumer ends up paying.If the increased costs outweigh the saving the comparison enables,consumers end up worse off.

These worries are not just theoretical.In 2014,Britain's competition regulator found that many comparison sites were using their contracts with retailers（零售商）to ban them from offering lower prices elsewhere.That weakened rivals' incentive（对手的动机）to cut fees,because prices on their site could not fall.By keeping prices similar,the contracts also reduced the incentive for consumers to search on multiple sites,thus helping sites retain their users.

Weaker incentives to lower commissions mean weaker incentives to lower costs,too.That might explain why comparison websites advertise so heavily,and sometimes offer free gifts to those who use them.In a recent paper,Ben Edelman of Harvard Business School and Julian Wright of the National University of Singapore argue that when a site knows that the prices merchants provide through it will always be the lowest available,it increases investment in attracting customers,safe in the knowledge that the merchants and at last consumers will bear the cost.

Is there any way to ensure the market for price comparison is competitive?Asking consumers to check multiple websites defeats the point of using them.One solution is to have only one site,but regulate it as a public utility（功用）. Alternatively,the governments could run the site itself.But creating good search and comparison sites may be too hard for them.It is much better to acknowledge that consumers will always have to do some comparison themselves to "keep the system honest".

Websites that compare the comparison sites can help,although it is easy to see how they could fall prey to the same problems.Any firm with captive users（被动用户）,be it a comparison site a search engine,or a social-media platform,can charge a high price for access to the eyes of its customers.For all their innovation,Internet middlemen are not unlike supermarkets.Shoppers would never imagine that a single store had the lowest price for all the items they need.

8.  According to the first two paragraphs,price-comparison websites______.             .

A.will offer smart consumers the best deals

B.will bring insurance firms increased profits

C.can help keep the costs of insurance firms down

D.may raise the price that consumers pay for their purchases

9. Current comparison sites tend to put most of their efforts in______.  

A.lowering commissions                    B.contracting with retailers

C.attracting consumers      D.cutting operating costs

10. According to the last two paragraphs,the author probably agrees that______.  

A.it's desirable to have only one comparison site and have it run by the government

B.it's advisable that comparison sites with captive users charge a high price for its service

C.consumers should check multiple comparison sites before making a purchasing decision

D.websites that compare the comparison websites can help to build a competitive market

D

What will higher education look like in 2050? That was the question addressed Tuesday night by Michael Crow, president of Arizona State University.

“We’re at the end of the fourth wave of change in higher education,” Crow began, arguing that research universities followed the initial establishment of higher education, public colleges, and land-grant schools in the timeline of America.

In less than a half-century, he said, global market competition will be at its fastest rates of change ever, with several multitrillion-dollar economies worldwide. According to a recent projection, the nation’s population could reach 435 million, with a large percentage of those residents economically disadvantaged. In addition, climate change will be “meaningfully uncontrollable” in many parts of the world.

The everyday trends seen today, such as declining performance of students at all levels, particularly in math and science, and declining wages and employment among the less educated, will only continue, Crow maintained, and are, to say the least, not contributing to fulfilling the dream of climbing the social ladder mobility, quality of life, sustainable environment, and longer life spans that most Americans share.

“How is it that we can have these great research universities and have negative-trending outcomes?” Crow said in a talk “I hold the universities accountable. … We are part of the problem.”

Among the “things that we do that make the things that we teach less learnable,” Crow said, are the strict separation of disciplines, academic rigidity, and conservatism, the desire of universities to imitate schools at the top of the social ranks, and the lack of the computer system ability that would allow a large number of students to be educated for a small amount of money.

Since 2002, when Crow started being in charge at Arizona State — which he calls the “new American university” — he has led more than three dozen initiatives that aim to make the school “inclusive, scalable, fast, adaptive, challenge-focused, and willing to take risks.”

Among those initiatives were a restructuring of the engineering and life sciences schools to create more linkages between disciplines; the launch of the School of Earth and Space Exploration and the School of Sustainability; the start of a Teachers College to address K-12 performance and increase the status of the Education Department at the university; and broadened access, increasing the freshman class size by 42 percent and the enrollment of students living below the poverty line by 500 percent.

Universities must start, Crow noted, “by becoming self-reflective architects, figuring out what we have and what we actually need instead of what legend tells us we have to be.” Research universities today have “run their course,” he added. “Now is the time for variety.”

During a discussion afterward, Crow clarified and expanded on some of his points. He discussed, for example, the school’s distance-learning program. “Nearly 40 percent of undergraduates are taking at least one course online,” he said, which helps the school to keep costs down while advancing interactive learning technologies.

He said that Arizona State is working to increase the transfer and completion rates of community-college students, of whom only about 15 percent, historically, complete their later degrees. “We’ve built a system that will allow them to track into universities,” particularly where “culturally complex barriers” beyond finances limit even the most gifted students.

11. The fourth wave of change in America’s higher education refers to _______.

A. public colleges    B. land-grant schools

C. initial higher education  D. research universities   

12. Which is NOT part of the American dream most people share?

A. People enjoy a quality life.  B. People live longer and longer.

C. The freedom to move around. D. An environment that is sustainable.

13. Which is an initiative adopted by Crow at Arizona State University?

A. Restructuring the teachers College.

B. Launching the School of Life Sciences.

C. Ignoring the linkages between disciplines.

D. Enrolling more students from poor families.

14. Which one is similar to the underlined word “architect” in meaning?

A. The author of the guidebook is an architect by profession.   

B. Deng Xiaoping is one of the architects of the PRC. 

C. If you want to refurnish the house, consult the architect.

D. Tom is considered one of the best landscape architect here.

15.With the distance-learning program, Arizona State University is able to ______.

A. enroll 40% of its students online  

B. provide an even greater number of courses

C. attract the most gifted students all over the world

D. keep costs down without a loss of quality

四、任务型阅读（总分10分）

It’s no secret that doing good makes others happy – but did you know it can make you happy as well?

According to a study, people participating in meaningful activities were happier and felt that their lives had more purpose than people who only engaged in pleasure-seeking behaviors.

Try giving these four things to others to start your journey to a happier and healthier lifestyle.

1. Your Time

With a busy life, it can be hard to find any time to give away. However, volunteering your time has great benefits, including making new friends and connections, learning new skills and even advancing your career.

According to a paper about the link between health and volunteering, volunteering is connected with lower instances of depression and reduces the risk of dying by 22 percent.

2. Your Attention

Most of us think we’re good listeners, but according to psychologist Paul Donoghue, most people are aware that others don’t listen as well as they could. In addition, they’re not fully aware that they themselves aren’t listening.

When practicing mindfulness meditation(正念禅修), you focus on what you experience in the moment and let your thoughts and emotions pass through without judgment. Did you know that giving someone your undivided attention helps you also? When done well, active listening strengthens your focus－which is a major part of good meditation.

3. Your Compassion

The psychological meaning of compassion is the ability to understand another person’s emotional state. Compassion differs from empathy(移情) in that those who experience compassion not only put themselves in another person’s shoes, but also want to reduce that person’s suffering.

A brain-imaging study showed that the brain’s pleasure centers are equally active when we give money to the poor as when we receive money ourselves.

4. Your Money

According to an experiment, those who spend money on other people are significantly happier than those who spend the same quantity of money on themselves.

Whether or not you can offer other gifts, donating money helps make real change happen. It represents time spent, compassion and careful attention to the needs of others.

五、翻译句子（总分20分）

1. 透彻了解英语习语及其起源，你可以更好地理解和欣赏英语国家的历史和文化，因为习语是历史和文化的载体。

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2. 颜色是表达不同感觉的媒介，但色彩的含义在不同的文化中是不一样的。

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3. 音乐会也受到了全世界媒体的极大关注，这给政客和政治家施加了巨大压力，迫使他们为世界饥荒问题采取行动。

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4. 这应该给人们敲响警钟，因为最基本的现实是，为了让每一个人得以生存，全球发展必须做出重大的调整。

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5. 这是一个简单的想法，不过也是一个难以付诸实践的想法。

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6. 为了应对全世界的饥荒困境，联合国成立了一个名为世界粮食计划署（ WFP ）的专门机构。

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7. 他们宣布他们不再屈从于英国统治，这引发了战争，也使美国获得了独立。

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8. 类似项目的引进将有望帮助结束对环境的蓄意破坏，确保替代能源在世界范围内得到推广。

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9. 它屡经修缮，多次扩建，这些修缮与扩建通常是在战争和灾难之后。

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10. 黄色在大多时候与阳光和温暖联系在一起，但在交通标志上黄色意味着我们要小心。

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答案：

单选:  BADCB   CCAAA   CBDBA   ADCCA

完型:  BCDBC   CDBAB   CAADA   CBCBD

阅读： A篇: BCA        B篇: CDCA      C篇: DCD         D篇: DCDBD

任务型  

71. Finding(s)  72. participated 73. Purposefully  74. lead/contribute 75.Progress    76. undivided                            77. what                            78. helps/enables                            79. Despite                            80. Giving