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2019届浙江省宁波市高三4月高考模拟考试英语试题（解析版）
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宁波市2019年高考模拟考试
英语试卷
选择题部分
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题:每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.
Why can’t the woman tell the man the time?
A. Her bus is coming. B. She forgot her phone. C. Her clock isn’t reliable.
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
2.
What does the man want to do with the money?
A. Hire a babysitter.
B. Go to a performance.
C. Join an educational program.
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
3.
What does the woman mean?
A. The man should lock the car doors.
B. The man should let his dog out of the hot car.
C. The man should take his baby into the store with him.
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
4.
How does the woman probably feel now?
A. Excited. B. Worried. C. Stressed.
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
5.
Who might the man be?
A. A crew member. B. A doctor. C. A taxi driver.
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
第二节 (共15小题:每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6. How long has Billy been having problems learning English?
A. For eight years. B. For two years. C. For five years.
7. What level has Billy reached?
A. The beginner level B. The intermediate level. C. The advanced level.
【答案】6. B 7. B
【解析】
【6题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【7题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8. Why is the man apologizing?
A. He arrived late.
B. He missed a full day of work.
C. He didn’t tell the woman about his back.
9. Why did the man stop taking his medicine?
A. His back is getting better B. He couldn’t afford it. C. It tasted terrible.
10. What can we learn about the man at the end of the conversation?
A. He took the wrong medicine,
B. He didn’t take the right amount of medicine.
C. He should have put the medicine on his skin.
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. C
【解析】
【8题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【9题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【10题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
11. How does Donald’s mom know the dog was not fed?
A. The dog tried to eat the plant.
B. There is no dog food in the bowl.
C. The twenty-dollar bill is sill on the table.
12. How long were the parents probably gone?
A. A day. B. A weekend. C. Two hours.
13. What will the parents probably do next?
A. Clean up the house.
B. Apologize to Donald.
C. Book a room for the weekend.
【答案】11. B 12. A 13. A
【解析】
【11题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【12题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【13题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
14. When did the woman move to the neighborhood?
A. Only a week ago. B. About a month ago. C. A few years ago.
15. Why did the man get to the woman’s house?
A. To introduce himself.
B. To repair some damage to her house.
C. To talk about the noise and garbage problem.
16. What is the man’s attitude toward the woman?
A. Angry and unreasonable. B. Impatient and proud. C. Kind and polite.
17. What would the woman probably do?
A. Ignore the man’s requests.
B. Try not to disturb her neighbors.
C. Let the man bring the garbage down.
【答案】14. B 15. C 16. C 17. B
【解析】
【14题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【15题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【16题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【17题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
18. What was inside Tim’s backpack?
A. A small phone.
B. His recent work papers.
C. Some things to help him look his best.
19. Why was Tim confident about his meeting?
A. He was well-prepared.
B. He had a lot of work experience
C. He knew everything about the company.
20. What happened to Bill Harris?
A. He was not feeling well.
B. He was stuck in the traffic.
C. He was meeting someone else.
【答案】18. C 19. A 20. A
【解析】
【18题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【19题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【20题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分35分)
第一节(共10小题:每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
Stephen Hillenburg the US animator whose childhood summers on a Maine island later inspired him to create the famous cartoon Sponge Bob SquarePants (《海绵宝宝》), passed away on Nov. 26 at the age of 57.
Hillenburg was interested in the ocean as a child and developed a love for art. He studied Natural Resource Planning and Interpretation at college, with an emphasis on marine resources. “It dawned on me that if I was going to do a show on animals, I’d do a show about undersea animals--all the ones that I’m interested in and know a lot about,” Hillenburg told Enterlainrment Weekly in 2010. “I focused on the sponge because it’s one of the more special creatures.”
But although he wasn’t sure whether people would like a cartoon about the ocean, he stuck with it. “We just try to make ourselves laugh, then ask if it’s appropriate for children,” Hillenburg told The Associated Press in 2001. “The essence (精华) of the show is that SpongeBob is an innocent in a world of worldly characters.”
What Hillenburg probably didn’t expect was that the adventures of this “innocent” character in his underwater hometown would be such a success. There have been nearly 250 episodes to date. It has won several Emmy Awards, and has been shown in more than 60 languages.
SpongeBob was popular because he appealed not only 10 children but to older viewers as well, including college students, who held viewing parties for the show. Children liked SpongeBob’s innocence, teenagers and young adults loved the show’s humor, while the more mature enjoyed it as part of meme culture. But it was above all the character’s innocence that attracted people.
The show’s most important message, Hillenburg once said, “is that innocence prevails--which I don’t think it always does in real life”.
21. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Hillenburg created Sponge Bob SquarePants especially for children.
B. Hllenburg was sure that Sponge Bob SquarePants would be a success at first.
C. Hillenburg’s educational background contributed to Sponge-Bob SquarePants.
D. Hillenburg’s childhood summers had nothing to do with Sponge Bob SquarePants.
22. What makes Sponge-Bob SquarePants popular?
A. It attracts children, adults and old people.
B. It has won Emmy Awards for many times.
C. It focuses on the innocence of SpongeBob.
D. It is about very unusual undersea creatures.
23. The underlined word in the last paragraph can be replaced by “ .”
A. wins B. happens C. counts D. grows
【答案】21. C 22. C 23. A
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。海伦伯格的教育背景促成了《海绵宝宝》的诞生。海绵宝宝的纯真让海绵宝宝大受欢迎。海伦伯格曾说过，这部剧传达的最重要信息是“纯真无处不在——我认为在现实生活中并非总是如此”。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第一句Hillenburg was interested in the ocean as a child and developed a love for art.“海伦伯格从小就对海洋感兴趣，并对艺术产生了浓厚的兴趣。”可知，海伦伯格的教育背景促成了《海绵宝宝》的诞生。故选C。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“The essence (精华) of the show is that SpongeBob is an innocent in a world of worldly characters.”可知，海绵宝宝的纯真让海绵宝宝大受欢迎。故选C。
【23题详解】
词义猜测题。根据最后一段The show’s most important message, Hillenburg once said, “is that innocence prevails--which I don’t think it always does in real life”.海伦伯格曾说过，这部剧传达的最重要信息是“纯真无处不在——我认为在现实生活中并非总是如此”。由此推知划线词的意思是“获胜”。故选A。
B
Imagine you enter a car with no steering wheel, no brake or accelerator pedal (加速踏板)Under a voice-activated command, you say an address. “The fastest route will take us 15.3 minutes. Should I take it?” You say “yes” and you are on your way. The car responds and starts moving all by itself. All you have to do is sit back and relax.
How wonderful would I be if one day in the future, everyone had such a car? No crazy driving no cutting in; traffic laws would be respected and driving much safer. On the other hand,imagine the cost savings for local police enforcement (强制) and town budgets without all those speeding and parking tickets.
There’s no question that self-driving vehicles could be an enormous benefit. The potential for safer cars means accident statistics e would drop. Older drivers and visually-or physically-disabled people would gin a new level of freedom. Maintaining safe speeds and being electric, self-driving cars would greatly reduce pollution levels and dependency on non-renewable fuels.
But we must also consider the impact of the new technology on those who now depend on driving for their living. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, in May 2015 there were505,560 registered school bus drivers. The American Trucking Association lists approximately 3.5 million professional truck drivers in the U.S.
The companies developing self-driving vehicles should be cooperating with state and federal authorities to offer retraining for these people, many of whom will be replaced by the new technology This is similar to what's happening in the coal and oil industries, a situation that fuels much of the current political dissatisfaction in this country.
New technologies will, and should, be developed. This is how society moves forward.However, progress can't be one-sided. It is necessary for the companies and state agencies involved to consider the moral consequences of these potential changes to build a better future for all.
24. What can we infer from the first paragraph?
A. Drivers do not have to do anything to get the car started.
B. Imagination plays an important role in developing new cars.
C. Self-driving cars provide people with comfort and relaxation.
D. Future cars are able to communicate freely with their owners.
25. What would be the positive impact of self-driving cars?
A. Local governments could save a lot of money.
B. Disabled people could go anywhere they want.
C. Traffic regulations would be a thing of the past.
D. The environment would be totally free of pollution.
26. What does the author advise businesses and the government to do?
A. Keep pace with technological developments.
B. Make new technologies affordable to everyone.
C. Enable people to benefit from new technologies.
D. Popularize the use of new technologies and devices.
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍自动驾驶汽车以及它给人们和政府带来的好处。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中You say “yes” and you are on your way. The car responds and starts moving all by itself. All you have to do is sit back and relax.“你说“是”，然后你就上路了。汽车做出反应，开始自己移动。你所要做的就是坐下来放松一下。”可知，自动驾驶汽车给人们带来舒适和放松。故选C。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句On the other hand, imagine the cost savings for local police enforcement (强制) and town budgets without all those speeding and parking tickets.
可知，地方政府可以节省很多钱。故选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段New technologies will, and should, be developed. This is how society moves forward.However, progress can't be one-sided. It is necessary for the companies and state agencies involved to consider the moral consequences of these potential changes to build a better future for all.“新技术将得到开发，也应该得到开发。社会就是这样向前发展的。然而，进步不能是单方面的。涉及的公司和国家机构有必要考虑这些潜在变化的道德后果，为所有人创造更美好的未来。”可知，作者建议企业和政府让人们从新技术中受益。故选C。
【点睛】做推理判断题时，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。本题第2小题，根据第二段最后一句On the other hand, imagine the cost savings for local police enforcement (强制) and town budgets without all those speeding and parking tickets.可知，地方政府可以节省很多钱。可知，地方政府可以节省很多钱。故选A。
C
When we look at a lovely baby, a puppy or a really cute kitten many of us want to squeeze it. Why is that?
According to a study published in the journal Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, it’s a typical experience of “cute aggression”. The experience results from the fight between the brain’s “emotion system”, which impels (驱使) people to squeeze cute things, and its “reward system” which deals with feelings of “wanting”.
In the study, 54 participants between the ages of 18 and 40 were presented with four groups of photos. Two of the groups of photos were of cute human babies and animals and the other two were of less adorable adult humans and animals. As the participants looked at the photos, there searchers watched their brain activities.
According to the researchers, the participants reward systems were found to be active as they looked at the cute babies, and they seemed to be overwhelmed(征服的). By contrast, the reward systems of the people looking at the less cute adults were found to be inactive, and they seemed to be less impelled by their reward systems.
This suggests that cute things activate their emotion systems in such a way that people are overwhelmed by the experience of cuteness. But reward systems work against these emotions by creating the desire to protect cute things.
As Katherine Stavropoulos, the lead researcher of this study at the University of California in the US told Science Alert, “The cute aggression is the brain’s way of ‘bringing us back down’ by balancing our feelings of being overwhelmed.”
Stavropoulos compared this process of balancing to an evolutionary adaptation. Such an adaptation may have taken place to ensure that people are able to continue taking care of creatures they consider particularly cute.
So, although cute babies and adorable animals may look completely helpless, their vulnerable( 易受伤害的) appearance may in fact help them to survive.
27. According to the text, “cute aggression” refers to .
A. the emotion of wanting to protect cute things
B. the task of emotion system and reward system
C. the adaptation of consistently taking care of cute creatures
D. the behavior of squeezing a cute baby or animal when seeing it
28. In nature, “cute aggression” is caused by .
A. the need of the brain to balance all feelings
B. the photos of cute human babies and animals
C. the vulnerable appearance of babies or animals
D. the conflict between emotion system and reward system
29. Which of the following statements about the study is TRUE?
A. Facial expressions of the participants were observed.
B. Katherine Stavropoulos conducted this study on her own.
C. Cute babies and animals affected brain activities of all the participants.
D. The participants were divided into two groups in order to make comparison.
30. What is the author's purpose in writing this text?
A. To persuade readers to protect cute animals.
B. To stress the significance of cute aggression.
C. To present research findings on cute aggression.
D. To share an interesting phenomenon with readers
【答案】27. D 28. D 29. C 30. C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于“cute aggression”的研究成果。
【27题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句When we look at a lovely baby, a puppy or a rally cute kitten many of us want to squeeze it.“当我们看到可爱的婴儿、小狗或拉力赛可爱的小猫时，我们很多人都想捏它。”由此可知“cute aggression”指的是看到可爱的婴儿或动物时捏它的行为。故选D。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中The experience results from the fight between the brain’s “emotion system”, which impels (驱使) people to squeeze cute things, and its “reward system” which deals with feelings of “wanting”.“这种体验来自于大脑的“情感系统”和“奖励系统”之间的斗争，前者促使人们挤压可爱的东西，后者处理“想要”的感觉。”可知，在自然界中，“cute aggression”是由情感系统与奖励系统的冲突引起的。故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中According to the researchers, the participants reward systems were found to be active as they looked at the cute babies, and they seemed to be overwhelmed(征服的).“研究人员称，当参与者看着可爱的婴儿时，他们的奖励系统被发现是活跃的，而且他们似乎不知所措。”可知，可爱的婴儿和动物影响所有参与者的大脑活动。故选C。
【30题详解】
目的意图题。根据第六段As Katherine Stavropoulos, the lead researcher of this study at the University of California in the US told Science Alert, “The cute aggression is the brain’s way of ‘bringing us back down’ by balancing our feelings of being overwhelmed.” 美国加州大学这项研究的首席研究员凯瑟琳·斯塔夫罗普洛斯告诉《科学警报》杂志，“可爱的攻击性是大脑通过平衡我们被压垮的感觉来‘把我们拉回来’的方式。”可知，本文的写作目的是展示关于cute aggression的研究结果。故选C。
第二节 (共5小题:每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Switching from childhood to adulthood can be challenging.___31___ Work on not acting like a child by managing your emotions. With a little bit of practice, you will begin to see yourself acting more like an adult than a child
● Accept responsibility for your actions.
You should take responsibility for your actions, whether they are intentional (故意的) or unintentional.___32___Failing to accept responsibility may seem like a good idea at the time, but in the long term it will not benefit you. For example, if you accidentally back into your neighbor’s car, let them know by writing them a note or knocking on their door. Then, correct your mistake by paying for the damage.
● Show people respect.
Respect your partner, family members, friends, and strangers.___33___As you grow up and mature, you should understand the concept of respect and why it is important Giving respect will also give you more respect in return.
● Develop a way to handle conflict maturely.
When you are faced with a conflict, it is important to keep your emotions in check. Control your anger and avoid becoming aggressive. ___34___ Give yourself time to cool down if you are really angry. This will prevent you from saying and doing things that you shouldn't do in the heat of the moment.
● Receive feedback (反馈) positively.
People learn and grow by receiving feedback and criticism from others. You should accept that you don’t know everything and that feedback from an expert is not meant to hurt you. It is meant to help you. For example, thoroughly read through your edits on your research paper. ___35___
A. Take on adult responsibilities.
B. Oftentimes, you may still feel like a child.
C. Children are often selfish and disrespectful.
D. It is a sign of maturity and respect for others
E. These edits will help improve your writing in the future.
F. This can help you get higher marks in many of your subjects.
G. Take a deep breath, listen, and work through the conflict with the other individual
【答案】31. B 32. D
33. C 34. G
35. E
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是从童年到成年如何转变的建议。
【31题详解】
上文提示“从童年到成年的转变是很有挑战性的。”再根据下文提示“学会控制自己的情绪，不要表现得像个孩子。”承接上下文，B项Oftentimes, you may still feel like a child.（通常，你可能仍然觉得自己像个孩子。）切题。故选B。
【32题详解】
上文提示“无论你的行为是有意的还是无意的，你都应该对自己的行为负责。”承接上文，D项It is a sign of maturity and respect for others（这是成熟和尊重他人的标志）切题。故选D。
【33题详解】
上文提示“尊重你的伴侣、家人、朋友和陌生人。”再根据下文提示“随着你的成长和成熟，你应该理解尊重的概念，为什么给予尊重很重要，也会给你更多的尊重作为回报。”承接上下文，C项 Children are often selfish and disrespectful.（孩子们常常自私无礼，不尊重别人。）切题。故选C。
【34题详解】
上文提示“当你面临冲突时，控制自己的情绪是很重要的。控制你的愤怒，避免变得咄咄逼人。”再根据后文的cool down 可知是让自己平静的方法，承接上下文，G项Take a deep breath, listen, and work through the conflict with the other individual（深呼吸、倾听、解决与他人的冲突）切题。故选G。
【35题详解】
上文提示“For example, thoroughly read through your edits on your research paper.例如，通读你对研究论文的修改。”承接上文，E项These edits will help improve your writing in the future.（这些编辑将有助于你今后的写作。）切题。故选E。
第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分45分)
第一节 (共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Advances in farm animal protection are happening with scientists painting eyes on the buts(屁股) of cows. The experiment is based on the idea that farmers, who are protecting their animals from lions,___36___shoot and kill lions in an effort to protect their farm animals. ___37___ this makes a lot of sense, it___38___many lion deaths that otherwise would have been unnecessary. Researchers in Australia have been___39___a trick to make lions think they are being watched by the painted eyes on cow butts.
This idea is based on the___40___that predators such as lions are___41___less likely to attack when they feel they are being watched. As conservation areas become___42___, lions are increasingly coming into contact with human populations, which are___43___ to the boundaries of these protected areas.
Efforts like painting eyes on cow butts may seem___44___at first, but they could make actual progress in the ___45___ for conservation. “If the method ___46___, it could provide farmers in Botswana ___47___ a low cost, sustainable (可持续的) tool to protect their farm animals, and a way to keep lions safe from being___48___.”
Lions are primarily ambush(埋伏) hunters so when they feel their target has___49___them,they usually___50___the hunt Researchers are ___51___ testing their idea on cattle. They have painted ___52___ of the cows with eyes and left the other half as___53___. With satellite___54___both the cattle and the lions in the area, they will be able to ___55___ if their psychological trick will work to help keep farmers from shooting lions.
36. A. would B. might C. could D. should
37. A. While B. Since C. Until D. When
38. A. cuts down B. results in C. deals with D. puts off
39. A. testing B. designing C. approving D. recommending
40. A. condition B. standard C. principle D. problem
41. A. quite B. so C. far D. already
42. A. bigger B. richer C. deeper D. smaller
43. A. facing B. decreasing C. forming D. expanding
44. A. puzzling B. scary C. crazy D. . exciting
45. A. need B. fight C. call D. hope
46. A. fails B. ends C. starts D. works
47. A. at B. by C. for D. with
48. A. caught B. watched C. driven D. killed
49. A. observed B. spotted C. deserted D. escaped
50. A. give up on B. make up for C. keep up with D. break away from
51. A. recently B. currently C. previously D. regularly
52. A. half B. all C. both D. none
53. A. necessary B. possible C. normal D. usual
54. A. tracking B. protecting C. launching D. investigating
55. A. debate B. explain C. determine D. distinguish
【答案】36. A 37. A 38. B 39. A 40. C 41. C 42. D 43. D 44. C 45. B 46. D 47. D 48. D 49. B 50. A 51. B 52. A 53. C 54. A 55. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。为了保护狮子免受农民的射杀，在牛的屁股上画上眼睛，让狮子以为被监视，不再捕猎农民的牛，农场动物保护正在取得进展。
【36题详解】
考查情态动词。这个实验是基于这样一个想法，即保护他们的动物免受狮子伤害的农民会射杀狮子来保护他们的农场动物。此处would“将会”，故答案为A。
【37题详解】
考查状语从句。A. While 尽管；B. Since既然；C. Until直到------为止；D. When当------时候。虽然这很有道理，但它导致了许多狮子的死亡，否则就没有必要了。故选A。
【38题详解】
考查动词词组。A. cuts down砍倒；B. results in导致；C. deals with解决，处理；D. puts off拖延，推迟。虽然这很有道理，但它导致了许多狮子的死亡，否则就没有必要了。故选B。
【39题详解】
考查动词。A. testing测试；B. designing设计；C. approving 赞成，同意；D. recommending推荐。澳大利亚的研究人员一直在测试一种把戏，让狮子觉得自己被涂在牛屁股上的眼睛注视着。故选A。
【40题详解】
考查名词。A. condition条件；B. standard标准；C. principle 原则；D. problem问题。这个想法是基于这样一个原则:当狮子等食肉动物感到自己被监视时，它们发动攻击的可能性要小得多。故选C。
【41题详解】
考查副词。这个想法是基于这样一个原则:当狮子等食肉动物感到自己被监视时，它们发动攻击的可能性要小得多。此处far修饰比较级，故选C。
【42题详解】
考查形容词比较级。A. bigger更大；B. richer更富有；C. deeper更深；D. smaller更小。随着保护区面积的缩小，狮子越来越多地与人类接触，人类对这些保护区的边界是疯狂的。故选D。
【43题详解】
考查动词。A. facing面对；B. decreasing减少；C. forming形成；D. expanding扩展。随着保护区面积的缩小，狮子越来越多地与人类接触，人类对这些保护区的边界是疯狂的。故选D。
【44题详解】
考查形容词。A. puzzling 令人迷惑的；B. scary 可怕的；C. crazy疯狂的；D. exciting令人兴奋的。像在牛屁股上画眼睛这样的努力乍一看似乎有些疯狂，但它们可以在保护动物的斗争中取得实际进展。故选C。
【45题详解】
考查动词。A. need需要；B. fight打架，与------斗争；C. call呼叫；D. hope希望。像在牛屁股上画眼睛这样的努力乍一看似乎有些疯狂，但它们可以在保护动物的斗争中取得实际进展。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查动词。A. fails失败；B. ends结束；C. starts开始；D. works工作。如果这种方法奏效，它将为博茨瓦纳的农民提供一种低成本、可持续的工具来保护他们的家畜，以及一种保护狮子不被猎杀的方法。故选D。
【47题详解】
考查介词。如果这种方法奏效，它将为博茨瓦纳的农民提供一种低成本、可持续的工具来保护他们的家畜，以及一种保护狮子不被猎杀的方法。故选D。
【48题详解】
考查动词。A. caught抓住；B. watched观看；C. driven驾驶；D. killed杀死。如果这种方法奏效，它将为博茨瓦纳的农民提供一种低成本、可持续的工具来保护他们的家畜，以及一种保护狮子不被猎杀的方法。故选D。
【49题详解】
考查动词。A. observed观察；B. spotted发现；C. deserted遗弃；D. escaped逃脱。狮子主要是伏击猎人，所以当它们觉得目标已经发现它们时，它们通常会放弃捕猎。故选B。
【50题详解】
考查动词词组。A. give up on放弃，对------绝望；B. make up for弥补；C. keep up with跟上；D. break away from摆脱。狮子主要是伏击猎人，所以当它们觉得目标已经发现它们时，它们通常会放弃捕猎。故选A。
【51题详解】
考查副词。A. recently最近；B. currently当前；C. previously以前；D. regularly有规律地。研究人员目前正在牛身上测试他们的想法。故选B。
【52题详解】
考查名词。A. half一半；B. all全部；C. both两个都；D. none一个也没有。他们给一半的奶牛画上了眼睛，让另一半保持正常。故选A。
【53题详解】
考查形容词。A. necessary 必要；B. possible可能的；C. normal正常的；D. usual通常的。他们给一半的奶牛画上了眼睛，让另一半保持正常。故选C。
【54题详解】
考查动词。A. tracking跟踪；B. protecting保护；C. launching发射；D. investigating调查。通过卫星跟踪该地区的牛和狮子，他们将能够确定他们的心理技巧是否有助于防止农民射杀狮子。故选A。
【55题详解】
考查动词。A. debate辩论；B. explain解释；C. determine决定；D. distinguish区分，辨别。通过卫星跟踪该地区牛和狮子，他们将能够确定他们的心理技巧是否有助于防止农民射杀狮子。故选C。
【点睛】下面的词或词组可以放在比较级前面修饰比较级加强语气：much/even/a lot/a little/any/still/far/slightly/a great deal.比如 I felt much happier.我感觉幸福多了。本题第6小题，句意：这个想法是基于这样一个原则:当狮子等食肉动物感到自己被监视时，它们发动攻击的可能性要小得多。此处far修饰比较级，故选C。
非选择题部分
第三部分:语言运用 (共两节，满分45分)
第二节 (共10小题:每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The university of Birmingham, UK, announces that it will accept the Gaokao exam for high-flying Chinese students ___56___ (wish) to join its undergraduate courses in 2019. High schoolstudents___57___complete the National Higher Education Entrance Examination, or Gaokao, with top grades can apply for direct entry into Birmingham degree programmes ___58___first completing a foundation year.
Gaokao, which___59___(hold) across China in early June, is___60___(increase) accepted by universities in Australia, the USA, Canada and mainland Europe Birmingham will only be considering high quality students who achieve a minimum 80% Gaokao score and meet additional academic and English language ___61___ (require).
Professor Jon Frampton, Director of the University of Birmingham's China Institute said, “I am___62___(delight) that the University is now accepting the Gaokao. This gives the___63___(bright)and best Chinese students.___64___opportunity to move straight into the first year of our undergraduate programmes and experience the benefits of studying at a___65___(globe) Top 100 university.
【答案】56. wishing
57. who 58. without
59. is held
60. increasingly
61. requirements
62. delighted
63. brightest
64. an 65. Global
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是关于中国高考的有关事宜。
【56题详解】
考查现在分词作后置定语。句意：英国伯明翰大学宣布，2019年将接受中国优秀学生的高考。此处是现在分词作后置定语，修饰学生，表示希望在伯明翰接受本科教育的学生，学生与希望是主动关系，所以用现在分词，故答案为wishing。
【57题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：以优异成绩完成全国高等教育入学考试(National Higher Education Entrance Examination，简称高考)的高中生，无需先完成预科课程，就可以申请直接进入伯明翰的学位课程。此处High school students是先行词，指人，在后面的定语从句中作主语，故答案为who。
58题详解】
考查介词。句意：以优异成绩完成全国高等教育入学考试(National Higher Education Entrance Examination，简称高考)的高中生，无需先完成预科课程，就可以申请直接进入伯明翰的学位课程。介词without后面跟动名词作宾语，结合句意可知答案为without。
【59题详解】
考查一般现在时态的被动语态。句意：6月初在中国各地举行的高考，越来越多地被澳大利亚、美国、加拿大和中国大陆的大学所接受。此处指目前的一种客观事实，且定语从句的主语which（Gaokao）和hold之间是一种被动关系，所以句子用一般现在时态的被动语态，故答案为is held。
【60题详解】
考查词形转换。句意：6月初在中国各地举行的高考，越来越多地被澳大利亚、美国、加拿大和中国大陆的大学所接受。此处accepted是动词，由副词来修饰，故答案为increasingly。
【61题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：伯明翰只会考虑那些在高考中取得至少80%的高分，并满足额外的学术和英语要求的高质量学生。结合句意可知此处用名词复数，故答案为requirements。
【62题详解】
考查情感形容词。句意：我很高兴这所大学现在接受高考。be delighted“感到高兴”，故答案为delighted。
【63题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：这给了最聪明、最优秀的中国学生。根据the和best可知此处用形容词最高级，故答案为brightest.
64题详解】
考查不定冠词。句意：有机会直接进入我们的本科课程的第一年，体验在全球百强大学学习的好处。此处表示泛指，且opportunity是以元音音素开头，故答案为an。
【65题详解】
考查词形转换。句意：有机会直接进入我们的本科课程的第一年，体验在全球百强大学学习的好处。此处是形容词修饰名词，故答案为global。
【点睛】分析定语从句关键抓住两点：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先行词往往为名词或代词，如本题中先行词为名词High school students，再分析先行词High school students在定语从句中所作的成分，将先行词High school students带到从句中可知，只能作主语，故确定关系词为who。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作 (满分15分)
66.假定你是李华，打算今年暑假去美国旅游。请你给Travel America国际旅行社写一封电子邮件进行咨询，内容如下:
1. 请其推荐合适的旅游路线；
2. 请其告知相关的旅游费用；
注意；
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir/Madam,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Sir/Madam,
I’m planning to travel to the USA in the coming July. Therefore, I’m writing to inquire about travel routes of your agency.
I intend to stay in America for about 10 days, during which I hope t0 have a look at some unique natural scenery and have a taste of local customs. So, could you please recommend some suitable travel routes? In addition, I’d like to know the prices of the routes, covering all the traveling expenses.
A reply at your earliest convenience is highly appreciated.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封电子邮件。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文为一封电子邮件：假定你是李华，打算今年暑假去美国旅游。请你给Travel America国际旅行社写一封电子邮件进行咨询，内容如下:1. 请其推荐合适的旅游路线；2. 请其告知相关的旅游费用。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：in the coming July（在即将到来的七月）；inquire about travel routes of your agency（询问你的旅游路线）；have a look at some unique natural scenery and have a taste of local customs（看看一些独特的自然风光，领略一下当地的风土人情）；recommend some suitable travel routes（推荐一些合适的旅游路线）；等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。同时文中使用高级句子。I intend to stay in America for about 10 days, during which I hope t0 have a look at some unique natural scenery and have a taste of local customs.句中使用非限制性定语从句；I’d like to know the prices of the routes, covering all the traveling expenses.现在分词做伴随状语。
第二节:概要写作 (满分25分)
67.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Nowadays, it is most probable that you have an electronic device loaded with hundreds or even thousands of your favourite songs. At any moment in time, you can f6ll your headphones with the sounds of a particular song that suits your mood at that exact time.
Music is so common. But have you realized the power of it? Are you getting ready for a big soccer match or do you need to get excited? Maybe some hip hop with a strong beat will do the trick! Besides, you might be ready to study for a big exam the next day. To help you study better,a little bit of Mozart might make you remember things better.
We may all have been moved by particular songs that spoke to us in some situations. But is there any scientific evidence showing that music really has such effect on people? of course,there is! Scientists have long recognized the power of music. Over the years, many studies have been done to examine in greater depth the nature and extent of the elects music has on people.
For example, scientists at the University of Missouri have found that listening to music can have positive effects on your mood. Their research gives scientific credibility(可靠性) to the behavior that many people have already experienced on their own: listening to upbeat music can brighten your day and boost your mood.
Other studies have shown that upbeat music isn't the only type of music that can be helpful,however. When people are sad or have suffered a personal loss, sad music can be helpful because the tone and lyrics of the music can resonate (引起共鸣) with the listeners. Likewise,people under a lot of stress or experiencing upsetting situations can benefit from listening to angry music. Although angry music might not help you if you're in a normal mood, its tone can benefit you when you are dealing with stressful and upsetting situations.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Nowadays, with modern devices, music to your taste is easily accessible. (要点一) Yet, is power, which might benefit you, is not fully realized. (要点二) Scientists have researched into the nature and extent of music's effects on humans. (要点三) For instance, scientists at the University of Missouri have proven upbeat music can cheer you up. (要点四) Besides, sad music and angry music have also been found to be helpful. (要点五)
【解析】
【分析】
根据下面短文内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
【详解】根据第一段中Nowadays, it is most probable that you have an electronic device loaded with hundreds or even thousands of your favourite songs.“如今，你很可能有一个电子设备，里面装着数百甚至数千首你最喜欢的歌曲。”第二段第一句Music is so common.“音乐是如此普遍。”第三段最后一句Over the years, many studies have been done to examine in greater depth the nature and extent of the elects music has on people.“多年来，人们做了许多研究来更深入地研究音乐对人们的影响的性质和程度。”第四段是举例说明For example, scientists at the University of Missouri have found that listening to music can have positive effects on your mood.“例如，密苏里大学的科学家发现，听音乐可以对你的情绪产生积极的影响。”最后一段第一句Likewise,people under a lot of stress or experiencing upsetting situations can benefit from listening to angry music.（同样，人们在压力很大或经历令人沮丧的情况下也可以从听愤怒的音乐中受益。）
英语试卷
选择题部分
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题:每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.
Why can’t the woman tell the man the time?
A. Her bus is coming. B. She forgot her phone. C. Her clock isn’t reliable.
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
2.
What does the man want to do with the money?
A. Hire a babysitter.
B. Go to a performance.
C. Join an educational program.
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
3.
What does the woman mean?
A. The man should lock the car doors.
B. The man should let his dog out of the hot car.
C. The man should take his baby into the store with him.
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
4.
How does the woman probably feel now?
A. Excited. B. Worried. C. Stressed.
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
5.
Who might the man be?
A. A crew member. B. A doctor. C. A taxi driver.
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
第二节 (共15小题:每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
6. How long has Billy been having problems learning English?
A. For eight years. B. For two years. C. For five years.
7. What level has Billy reached?
A. The beginner level B. The intermediate level. C. The advanced level.
【答案】6. B 7. B
【解析】
【6题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【7题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
8. Why is the man apologizing?
A. He arrived late.
B. He missed a full day of work.
C. He didn’t tell the woman about his back.
9. Why did the man stop taking his medicine?
A. His back is getting better B. He couldn’t afford it. C. It tasted terrible.
10. What can we learn about the man at the end of the conversation?
A. He took the wrong medicine,
B. He didn’t take the right amount of medicine.
C. He should have put the medicine on his skin.
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. C
【解析】
【8题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【9题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【10题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
11. How does Donald’s mom know the dog was not fed?
A. The dog tried to eat the plant.
B. There is no dog food in the bowl.
C. The twenty-dollar bill is sill on the table.
12. How long were the parents probably gone?
A. A day. B. A weekend. C. Two hours.
13. What will the parents probably do next?
A. Clean up the house.
B. Apologize to Donald.
C. Book a room for the weekend.
【答案】11. B 12. A 13. A
【解析】
【11题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【12题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【13题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
14. When did the woman move to the neighborhood?
A. Only a week ago. B. About a month ago. C. A few years ago.
15. Why did the man get to the woman’s house?
A. To introduce himself.
B. To repair some damage to her house.
C. To talk about the noise and garbage problem.
16. What is the man’s attitude toward the woman?
A. Angry and unreasonable. B. Impatient and proud. C. Kind and polite.
17. What would the woman probably do?
A. Ignore the man’s requests.
B. Try not to disturb her neighbors.
C. Let the man bring the garbage down.
【答案】14. B 15. C 16. C 17. B
【解析】
【14题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【15题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【16题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【17题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
18. What was inside Tim’s backpack?
A. A small phone.
B. His recent work papers.
C. Some things to help him look his best.
19. Why was Tim confident about his meeting?
A. He was well-prepared.
B. He had a lot of work experience
C. He knew everything about the company.
20. What happened to Bill Harris?
A. He was not feeling well.
B. He was stuck in the traffic.
C. He was meeting someone else.
【答案】18. C 19. A 20. A
【解析】
【18题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【19题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【20题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分35分)
第一节(共10小题:每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
Stephen Hillenburg the US animator whose childhood summers on a Maine island later inspired him to create the famous cartoon Sponge Bob SquarePants (《海绵宝宝》), passed away on Nov. 26 at the age of 57.
Hillenburg was interested in the ocean as a child and developed a love for art. He studied Natural Resource Planning and Interpretation at college, with an emphasis on marine resources. “It dawned on me that if I was going to do a show on animals, I’d do a show about undersea animals--all the ones that I’m interested in and know a lot about,” Hillenburg told Enterlainrment Weekly in 2010. “I focused on the sponge because it’s one of the more special creatures.”
But although he wasn’t sure whether people would like a cartoon about the ocean, he stuck with it. “We just try to make ourselves laugh, then ask if it’s appropriate for children,” Hillenburg told The Associated Press in 2001. “The essence (精华) of the show is that SpongeBob is an innocent in a world of worldly characters.”
What Hillenburg probably didn’t expect was that the adventures of this “innocent” character in his underwater hometown would be such a success. There have been nearly 250 episodes to date. It has won several Emmy Awards, and has been shown in more than 60 languages.
SpongeBob was popular because he appealed not only 10 children but to older viewers as well, including college students, who held viewing parties for the show. Children liked SpongeBob’s innocence, teenagers and young adults loved the show’s humor, while the more mature enjoyed it as part of meme culture. But it was above all the character’s innocence that attracted people.
The show’s most important message, Hillenburg once said, “is that innocence prevails--which I don’t think it always does in real life”.
21. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Hillenburg created Sponge Bob SquarePants especially for children.
B. Hllenburg was sure that Sponge Bob SquarePants would be a success at first.
C. Hillenburg’s educational background contributed to Sponge-Bob SquarePants.
D. Hillenburg’s childhood summers had nothing to do with Sponge Bob SquarePants.
22. What makes Sponge-Bob SquarePants popular?
A. It attracts children, adults and old people.
B. It has won Emmy Awards for many times.
C. It focuses on the innocence of SpongeBob.
D. It is about very unusual undersea creatures.
23. The underlined word in the last paragraph can be replaced by “ .”
A. wins B. happens C. counts D. grows
【答案】21. C 22. C 23. A
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。海伦伯格的教育背景促成了《海绵宝宝》的诞生。海绵宝宝的纯真让海绵宝宝大受欢迎。海伦伯格曾说过，这部剧传达的最重要信息是“纯真无处不在——我认为在现实生活中并非总是如此”。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段第一句Hillenburg was interested in the ocean as a child and developed a love for art.“海伦伯格从小就对海洋感兴趣，并对艺术产生了浓厚的兴趣。”可知，海伦伯格的教育背景促成了《海绵宝宝》的诞生。故选C。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“The essence (精华) of the show is that SpongeBob is an innocent in a world of worldly characters.”可知，海绵宝宝的纯真让海绵宝宝大受欢迎。故选C。
【23题详解】
词义猜测题。根据最后一段The show’s most important message, Hillenburg once said, “is that innocence prevails--which I don’t think it always does in real life”.海伦伯格曾说过，这部剧传达的最重要信息是“纯真无处不在——我认为在现实生活中并非总是如此”。由此推知划线词的意思是“获胜”。故选A。
B
Imagine you enter a car with no steering wheel, no brake or accelerator pedal (加速踏板)Under a voice-activated command, you say an address. “The fastest route will take us 15.3 minutes. Should I take it?” You say “yes” and you are on your way. The car responds and starts moving all by itself. All you have to do is sit back and relax.
How wonderful would I be if one day in the future, everyone had such a car? No crazy driving no cutting in; traffic laws would be respected and driving much safer. On the other hand,imagine the cost savings for local police enforcement (强制) and town budgets without all those speeding and parking tickets.
There’s no question that self-driving vehicles could be an enormous benefit. The potential for safer cars means accident statistics e would drop. Older drivers and visually-or physically-disabled people would gin a new level of freedom. Maintaining safe speeds and being electric, self-driving cars would greatly reduce pollution levels and dependency on non-renewable fuels.
But we must also consider the impact of the new technology on those who now depend on driving for their living. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, in May 2015 there were505,560 registered school bus drivers. The American Trucking Association lists approximately 3.5 million professional truck drivers in the U.S.
The companies developing self-driving vehicles should be cooperating with state and federal authorities to offer retraining for these people, many of whom will be replaced by the new technology This is similar to what's happening in the coal and oil industries, a situation that fuels much of the current political dissatisfaction in this country.
New technologies will, and should, be developed. This is how society moves forward.However, progress can't be one-sided. It is necessary for the companies and state agencies involved to consider the moral consequences of these potential changes to build a better future for all.
24. What can we infer from the first paragraph?
A. Drivers do not have to do anything to get the car started.
B. Imagination plays an important role in developing new cars.
C. Self-driving cars provide people with comfort and relaxation.
D. Future cars are able to communicate freely with their owners.
25. What would be the positive impact of self-driving cars?
A. Local governments could save a lot of money.
B. Disabled people could go anywhere they want.
C. Traffic regulations would be a thing of the past.
D. The environment would be totally free of pollution.
26. What does the author advise businesses and the government to do?
A. Keep pace with technological developments.
B. Make new technologies affordable to everyone.
C. Enable people to benefit from new technologies.
D. Popularize the use of new technologies and devices.
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍自动驾驶汽车以及它给人们和政府带来的好处。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中You say “yes” and you are on your way. The car responds and starts moving all by itself. All you have to do is sit back and relax.“你说“是”，然后你就上路了。汽车做出反应，开始自己移动。你所要做的就是坐下来放松一下。”可知，自动驾驶汽车给人们带来舒适和放松。故选C。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句On the other hand, imagine the cost savings for local police enforcement (强制) and town budgets without all those speeding and parking tickets.
可知，地方政府可以节省很多钱。故选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段New technologies will, and should, be developed. This is how society moves forward.However, progress can't be one-sided. It is necessary for the companies and state agencies involved to consider the moral consequences of these potential changes to build a better future for all.“新技术将得到开发，也应该得到开发。社会就是这样向前发展的。然而，进步不能是单方面的。涉及的公司和国家机构有必要考虑这些潜在变化的道德后果，为所有人创造更美好的未来。”可知，作者建议企业和政府让人们从新技术中受益。故选C。
【点睛】做推理判断题时，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。本题第2小题，根据第二段最后一句On the other hand, imagine the cost savings for local police enforcement (强制) and town budgets without all those speeding and parking tickets.可知，地方政府可以节省很多钱。可知，地方政府可以节省很多钱。故选A。
C
When we look at a lovely baby, a puppy or a really cute kitten many of us want to squeeze it. Why is that?
According to a study published in the journal Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, it’s a typical experience of “cute aggression”. The experience results from the fight between the brain’s “emotion system”, which impels (驱使) people to squeeze cute things, and its “reward system” which deals with feelings of “wanting”.
In the study, 54 participants between the ages of 18 and 40 were presented with four groups of photos. Two of the groups of photos were of cute human babies and animals and the other two were of less adorable adult humans and animals. As the participants looked at the photos, there searchers watched their brain activities.
According to the researchers, the participants reward systems were found to be active as they looked at the cute babies, and they seemed to be overwhelmed(征服的). By contrast, the reward systems of the people looking at the less cute adults were found to be inactive, and they seemed to be less impelled by their reward systems.
This suggests that cute things activate their emotion systems in such a way that people are overwhelmed by the experience of cuteness. But reward systems work against these emotions by creating the desire to protect cute things.
As Katherine Stavropoulos, the lead researcher of this study at the University of California in the US told Science Alert, “The cute aggression is the brain’s way of ‘bringing us back down’ by balancing our feelings of being overwhelmed.”
Stavropoulos compared this process of balancing to an evolutionary adaptation. Such an adaptation may have taken place to ensure that people are able to continue taking care of creatures they consider particularly cute.
So, although cute babies and adorable animals may look completely helpless, their vulnerable( 易受伤害的) appearance may in fact help them to survive.
27. According to the text, “cute aggression” refers to .
A. the emotion of wanting to protect cute things
B. the task of emotion system and reward system
C. the adaptation of consistently taking care of cute creatures
D. the behavior of squeezing a cute baby or animal when seeing it
28. In nature, “cute aggression” is caused by .
A. the need of the brain to balance all feelings
B. the photos of cute human babies and animals
C. the vulnerable appearance of babies or animals
D. the conflict between emotion system and reward system
29. Which of the following statements about the study is TRUE?
A. Facial expressions of the participants were observed.
B. Katherine Stavropoulos conducted this study on her own.
C. Cute babies and animals affected brain activities of all the participants.
D. The participants were divided into two groups in order to make comparison.
30. What is the author's purpose in writing this text?
A. To persuade readers to protect cute animals.
B. To stress the significance of cute aggression.
C. To present research findings on cute aggression.
D. To share an interesting phenomenon with readers
【答案】27. D 28. D 29. C 30. C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于“cute aggression”的研究成果。
【27题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段第一句When we look at a lovely baby, a puppy or a rally cute kitten many of us want to squeeze it.“当我们看到可爱的婴儿、小狗或拉力赛可爱的小猫时，我们很多人都想捏它。”由此可知“cute aggression”指的是看到可爱的婴儿或动物时捏它的行为。故选D。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中The experience results from the fight between the brain’s “emotion system”, which impels (驱使) people to squeeze cute things, and its “reward system” which deals with feelings of “wanting”.“这种体验来自于大脑的“情感系统”和“奖励系统”之间的斗争，前者促使人们挤压可爱的东西，后者处理“想要”的感觉。”可知，在自然界中，“cute aggression”是由情感系统与奖励系统的冲突引起的。故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中According to the researchers, the participants reward systems were found to be active as they looked at the cute babies, and they seemed to be overwhelmed(征服的).“研究人员称，当参与者看着可爱的婴儿时，他们的奖励系统被发现是活跃的，而且他们似乎不知所措。”可知，可爱的婴儿和动物影响所有参与者的大脑活动。故选C。
【30题详解】
目的意图题。根据第六段As Katherine Stavropoulos, the lead researcher of this study at the University of California in the US told Science Alert, “The cute aggression is the brain’s way of ‘bringing us back down’ by balancing our feelings of being overwhelmed.” 美国加州大学这项研究的首席研究员凯瑟琳·斯塔夫罗普洛斯告诉《科学警报》杂志，“可爱的攻击性是大脑通过平衡我们被压垮的感觉来‘把我们拉回来’的方式。”可知，本文的写作目的是展示关于cute aggression的研究结果。故选C。
第二节 (共5小题:每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Switching from childhood to adulthood can be challenging.___31___ Work on not acting like a child by managing your emotions. With a little bit of practice, you will begin to see yourself acting more like an adult than a child
● Accept responsibility for your actions.
You should take responsibility for your actions, whether they are intentional (故意的) or unintentional.___32___Failing to accept responsibility may seem like a good idea at the time, but in the long term it will not benefit you. For example, if you accidentally back into your neighbor’s car, let them know by writing them a note or knocking on their door. Then, correct your mistake by paying for the damage.
● Show people respect.
Respect your partner, family members, friends, and strangers.___33___As you grow up and mature, you should understand the concept of respect and why it is important Giving respect will also give you more respect in return.
● Develop a way to handle conflict maturely.
When you are faced with a conflict, it is important to keep your emotions in check. Control your anger and avoid becoming aggressive. ___34___ Give yourself time to cool down if you are really angry. This will prevent you from saying and doing things that you shouldn't do in the heat of the moment.
● Receive feedback (反馈) positively.
People learn and grow by receiving feedback and criticism from others. You should accept that you don’t know everything and that feedback from an expert is not meant to hurt you. It is meant to help you. For example, thoroughly read through your edits on your research paper. ___35___
A. Take on adult responsibilities.
B. Oftentimes, you may still feel like a child.
C. Children are often selfish and disrespectful.
D. It is a sign of maturity and respect for others
E. These edits will help improve your writing in the future.
F. This can help you get higher marks in many of your subjects.
G. Take a deep breath, listen, and work through the conflict with the other individual
【答案】31. B 32. D
33. C 34. G
35. E
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是从童年到成年如何转变的建议。
【31题详解】
上文提示“从童年到成年的转变是很有挑战性的。”再根据下文提示“学会控制自己的情绪，不要表现得像个孩子。”承接上下文，B项Oftentimes, you may still feel like a child.（通常，你可能仍然觉得自己像个孩子。）切题。故选B。
【32题详解】
上文提示“无论你的行为是有意的还是无意的，你都应该对自己的行为负责。”承接上文，D项It is a sign of maturity and respect for others（这是成熟和尊重他人的标志）切题。故选D。
【33题详解】
上文提示“尊重你的伴侣、家人、朋友和陌生人。”再根据下文提示“随着你的成长和成熟，你应该理解尊重的概念，为什么给予尊重很重要，也会给你更多的尊重作为回报。”承接上下文，C项 Children are often selfish and disrespectful.（孩子们常常自私无礼，不尊重别人。）切题。故选C。
【34题详解】
上文提示“当你面临冲突时，控制自己的情绪是很重要的。控制你的愤怒，避免变得咄咄逼人。”再根据后文的cool down 可知是让自己平静的方法，承接上下文，G项Take a deep breath, listen, and work through the conflict with the other individual（深呼吸、倾听、解决与他人的冲突）切题。故选G。
【35题详解】
上文提示“For example, thoroughly read through your edits on your research paper.例如，通读你对研究论文的修改。”承接上文，E项These edits will help improve your writing in the future.（这些编辑将有助于你今后的写作。）切题。故选E。
第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分45分)
第一节 (共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Advances in farm animal protection are happening with scientists painting eyes on the buts(屁股) of cows. The experiment is based on the idea that farmers, who are protecting their animals from lions,___36___shoot and kill lions in an effort to protect their farm animals. ___37___ this makes a lot of sense, it___38___many lion deaths that otherwise would have been unnecessary. Researchers in Australia have been___39___a trick to make lions think they are being watched by the painted eyes on cow butts.
This idea is based on the___40___that predators such as lions are___41___less likely to attack when they feel they are being watched. As conservation areas become___42___, lions are increasingly coming into contact with human populations, which are___43___ to the boundaries of these protected areas.
Efforts like painting eyes on cow butts may seem___44___at first, but they could make actual progress in the ___45___ for conservation. “If the method ___46___, it could provide farmers in Botswana ___47___ a low cost, sustainable (可持续的) tool to protect their farm animals, and a way to keep lions safe from being___48___.”
Lions are primarily ambush(埋伏) hunters so when they feel their target has___49___them,they usually___50___the hunt Researchers are ___51___ testing their idea on cattle. They have painted ___52___ of the cows with eyes and left the other half as___53___. With satellite___54___both the cattle and the lions in the area, they will be able to ___55___ if their psychological trick will work to help keep farmers from shooting lions.
36. A. would B. might C. could D. should
37. A. While B. Since C. Until D. When
38. A. cuts down B. results in C. deals with D. puts off
39. A. testing B. designing C. approving D. recommending
40. A. condition B. standard C. principle D. problem
41. A. quite B. so C. far D. already
42. A. bigger B. richer C. deeper D. smaller
43. A. facing B. decreasing C. forming D. expanding
44. A. puzzling B. scary C. crazy D. . exciting
45. A. need B. fight C. call D. hope
46. A. fails B. ends C. starts D. works
47. A. at B. by C. for D. with
48. A. caught B. watched C. driven D. killed
49. A. observed B. spotted C. deserted D. escaped
50. A. give up on B. make up for C. keep up with D. break away from
51. A. recently B. currently C. previously D. regularly
52. A. half B. all C. both D. none
53. A. necessary B. possible C. normal D. usual
54. A. tracking B. protecting C. launching D. investigating
55. A. debate B. explain C. determine D. distinguish
【答案】36. A 37. A 38. B 39. A 40. C 41. C 42. D 43. D 44. C 45. B 46. D 47. D 48. D 49. B 50. A 51. B 52. A 53. C 54. A 55. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。为了保护狮子免受农民的射杀，在牛的屁股上画上眼睛，让狮子以为被监视，不再捕猎农民的牛，农场动物保护正在取得进展。
【36题详解】
考查情态动词。这个实验是基于这样一个想法，即保护他们的动物免受狮子伤害的农民会射杀狮子来保护他们的农场动物。此处would“将会”，故答案为A。
【37题详解】
考查状语从句。A. While 尽管；B. Since既然；C. Until直到------为止；D. When当------时候。虽然这很有道理，但它导致了许多狮子的死亡，否则就没有必要了。故选A。
【38题详解】
考查动词词组。A. cuts down砍倒；B. results in导致；C. deals with解决，处理；D. puts off拖延，推迟。虽然这很有道理，但它导致了许多狮子的死亡，否则就没有必要了。故选B。
【39题详解】
考查动词。A. testing测试；B. designing设计；C. approving 赞成，同意；D. recommending推荐。澳大利亚的研究人员一直在测试一种把戏，让狮子觉得自己被涂在牛屁股上的眼睛注视着。故选A。
【40题详解】
考查名词。A. condition条件；B. standard标准；C. principle 原则；D. problem问题。这个想法是基于这样一个原则:当狮子等食肉动物感到自己被监视时，它们发动攻击的可能性要小得多。故选C。
【41题详解】
考查副词。这个想法是基于这样一个原则:当狮子等食肉动物感到自己被监视时，它们发动攻击的可能性要小得多。此处far修饰比较级，故选C。
【42题详解】
考查形容词比较级。A. bigger更大；B. richer更富有；C. deeper更深；D. smaller更小。随着保护区面积的缩小，狮子越来越多地与人类接触，人类对这些保护区的边界是疯狂的。故选D。
【43题详解】
考查动词。A. facing面对；B. decreasing减少；C. forming形成；D. expanding扩展。随着保护区面积的缩小，狮子越来越多地与人类接触，人类对这些保护区的边界是疯狂的。故选D。
【44题详解】
考查形容词。A. puzzling 令人迷惑的；B. scary 可怕的；C. crazy疯狂的；D. exciting令人兴奋的。像在牛屁股上画眼睛这样的努力乍一看似乎有些疯狂，但它们可以在保护动物的斗争中取得实际进展。故选C。
【45题详解】
考查动词。A. need需要；B. fight打架，与------斗争；C. call呼叫；D. hope希望。像在牛屁股上画眼睛这样的努力乍一看似乎有些疯狂，但它们可以在保护动物的斗争中取得实际进展。故选B。
【46题详解】
考查动词。A. fails失败；B. ends结束；C. starts开始；D. works工作。如果这种方法奏效，它将为博茨瓦纳的农民提供一种低成本、可持续的工具来保护他们的家畜，以及一种保护狮子不被猎杀的方法。故选D。
【47题详解】
考查介词。如果这种方法奏效，它将为博茨瓦纳的农民提供一种低成本、可持续的工具来保护他们的家畜，以及一种保护狮子不被猎杀的方法。故选D。
【48题详解】
考查动词。A. caught抓住；B. watched观看；C. driven驾驶；D. killed杀死。如果这种方法奏效，它将为博茨瓦纳的农民提供一种低成本、可持续的工具来保护他们的家畜，以及一种保护狮子不被猎杀的方法。故选D。
【49题详解】
考查动词。A. observed观察；B. spotted发现；C. deserted遗弃；D. escaped逃脱。狮子主要是伏击猎人，所以当它们觉得目标已经发现它们时，它们通常会放弃捕猎。故选B。
【50题详解】
考查动词词组。A. give up on放弃，对------绝望；B. make up for弥补；C. keep up with跟上；D. break away from摆脱。狮子主要是伏击猎人，所以当它们觉得目标已经发现它们时，它们通常会放弃捕猎。故选A。
【51题详解】
考查副词。A. recently最近；B. currently当前；C. previously以前；D. regularly有规律地。研究人员目前正在牛身上测试他们的想法。故选B。
【52题详解】
考查名词。A. half一半；B. all全部；C. both两个都；D. none一个也没有。他们给一半的奶牛画上了眼睛，让另一半保持正常。故选A。
【53题详解】
考查形容词。A. necessary 必要；B. possible可能的；C. normal正常的；D. usual通常的。他们给一半的奶牛画上了眼睛，让另一半保持正常。故选C。
【54题详解】
考查动词。A. tracking跟踪；B. protecting保护；C. launching发射；D. investigating调查。通过卫星跟踪该地区的牛和狮子，他们将能够确定他们的心理技巧是否有助于防止农民射杀狮子。故选A。
【55题详解】
考查动词。A. debate辩论；B. explain解释；C. determine决定；D. distinguish区分，辨别。通过卫星跟踪该地区牛和狮子，他们将能够确定他们的心理技巧是否有助于防止农民射杀狮子。故选C。
【点睛】下面的词或词组可以放在比较级前面修饰比较级加强语气：much/even/a lot/a little/any/still/far/slightly/a great deal.比如 I felt much happier.我感觉幸福多了。本题第6小题，句意：这个想法是基于这样一个原则:当狮子等食肉动物感到自己被监视时，它们发动攻击的可能性要小得多。此处far修饰比较级，故选C。
非选择题部分
第三部分:语言运用 (共两节，满分45分)
第二节 (共10小题:每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The university of Birmingham, UK, announces that it will accept the Gaokao exam for high-flying Chinese students ___56___ (wish) to join its undergraduate courses in 2019. High schoolstudents___57___complete the National Higher Education Entrance Examination, or Gaokao, with top grades can apply for direct entry into Birmingham degree programmes ___58___first completing a foundation year.
Gaokao, which___59___(hold) across China in early June, is___60___(increase) accepted by universities in Australia, the USA, Canada and mainland Europe Birmingham will only be considering high quality students who achieve a minimum 80% Gaokao score and meet additional academic and English language ___61___ (require).
Professor Jon Frampton, Director of the University of Birmingham's China Institute said, “I am___62___(delight) that the University is now accepting the Gaokao. This gives the___63___(bright)and best Chinese students.___64___opportunity to move straight into the first year of our undergraduate programmes and experience the benefits of studying at a___65___(globe) Top 100 university.
【答案】56. wishing
57. who 58. without
59. is held
60. increasingly
61. requirements
62. delighted
63. brightest
64. an 65. Global
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是关于中国高考的有关事宜。
【56题详解】
考查现在分词作后置定语。句意：英国伯明翰大学宣布，2019年将接受中国优秀学生的高考。此处是现在分词作后置定语，修饰学生，表示希望在伯明翰接受本科教育的学生，学生与希望是主动关系，所以用现在分词，故答案为wishing。
【57题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：以优异成绩完成全国高等教育入学考试(National Higher Education Entrance Examination，简称高考)的高中生，无需先完成预科课程，就可以申请直接进入伯明翰的学位课程。此处High school students是先行词，指人，在后面的定语从句中作主语，故答案为who。
58题详解】
考查介词。句意：以优异成绩完成全国高等教育入学考试(National Higher Education Entrance Examination，简称高考)的高中生，无需先完成预科课程，就可以申请直接进入伯明翰的学位课程。介词without后面跟动名词作宾语，结合句意可知答案为without。
【59题详解】
考查一般现在时态的被动语态。句意：6月初在中国各地举行的高考，越来越多地被澳大利亚、美国、加拿大和中国大陆的大学所接受。此处指目前的一种客观事实，且定语从句的主语which（Gaokao）和hold之间是一种被动关系，所以句子用一般现在时态的被动语态，故答案为is held。
【60题详解】
考查词形转换。句意：6月初在中国各地举行的高考，越来越多地被澳大利亚、美国、加拿大和中国大陆的大学所接受。此处accepted是动词，由副词来修饰，故答案为increasingly。
【61题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：伯明翰只会考虑那些在高考中取得至少80%的高分，并满足额外的学术和英语要求的高质量学生。结合句意可知此处用名词复数，故答案为requirements。
【62题详解】
考查情感形容词。句意：我很高兴这所大学现在接受高考。be delighted“感到高兴”，故答案为delighted。
【63题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：这给了最聪明、最优秀的中国学生。根据the和best可知此处用形容词最高级，故答案为brightest.
64题详解】
考查不定冠词。句意：有机会直接进入我们的本科课程的第一年，体验在全球百强大学学习的好处。此处表示泛指，且opportunity是以元音音素开头，故答案为an。
【65题详解】
考查词形转换。句意：有机会直接进入我们的本科课程的第一年，体验在全球百强大学学习的好处。此处是形容词修饰名词，故答案为global。
【点睛】分析定语从句关键抓住两点：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。先行词往往为名词或代词，如本题中先行词为名词High school students，再分析先行词High school students在定语从句中所作的成分，将先行词High school students带到从句中可知，只能作主语，故确定关系词为who。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作 (满分15分)
66.假定你是李华，打算今年暑假去美国旅游。请你给Travel America国际旅行社写一封电子邮件进行咨询，内容如下:
1. 请其推荐合适的旅游路线；
2. 请其告知相关的旅游费用；
注意；
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir/Madam,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Sir/Madam,
I’m planning to travel to the USA in the coming July. Therefore, I’m writing to inquire about travel routes of your agency.
I intend to stay in America for about 10 days, during which I hope t0 have a look at some unique natural scenery and have a taste of local customs. So, could you please recommend some suitable travel routes? In addition, I’d like to know the prices of the routes, covering all the traveling expenses.
A reply at your earliest convenience is highly appreciated.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封电子邮件。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文为一封电子邮件：假定你是李华，打算今年暑假去美国旅游。请你给Travel America国际旅行社写一封电子邮件进行咨询，内容如下:1. 请其推荐合适的旅游路线；2. 请其告知相关的旅游费用。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：in the coming July（在即将到来的七月）；inquire about travel routes of your agency（询问你的旅游路线）；have a look at some unique natural scenery and have a taste of local customs（看看一些独特的自然风光，领略一下当地的风土人情）；recommend some suitable travel routes（推荐一些合适的旅游路线）；等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。同时文中使用高级句子。I intend to stay in America for about 10 days, during which I hope t0 have a look at some unique natural scenery and have a taste of local customs.句中使用非限制性定语从句；I’d like to know the prices of the routes, covering all the traveling expenses.现在分词做伴随状语。
第二节:概要写作 (满分25分)
67.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Nowadays, it is most probable that you have an electronic device loaded with hundreds or even thousands of your favourite songs. At any moment in time, you can f6ll your headphones with the sounds of a particular song that suits your mood at that exact time.
Music is so common. But have you realized the power of it? Are you getting ready for a big soccer match or do you need to get excited? Maybe some hip hop with a strong beat will do the trick! Besides, you might be ready to study for a big exam the next day. To help you study better,a little bit of Mozart might make you remember things better.
We may all have been moved by particular songs that spoke to us in some situations. But is there any scientific evidence showing that music really has such effect on people? of course,there is! Scientists have long recognized the power of music. Over the years, many studies have been done to examine in greater depth the nature and extent of the elects music has on people.
For example, scientists at the University of Missouri have found that listening to music can have positive effects on your mood. Their research gives scientific credibility(可靠性) to the behavior that many people have already experienced on their own: listening to upbeat music can brighten your day and boost your mood.
Other studies have shown that upbeat music isn't the only type of music that can be helpful,however. When people are sad or have suffered a personal loss, sad music can be helpful because the tone and lyrics of the music can resonate (引起共鸣) with the listeners. Likewise,people under a lot of stress or experiencing upsetting situations can benefit from listening to angry music. Although angry music might not help you if you're in a normal mood, its tone can benefit you when you are dealing with stressful and upsetting situations.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Nowadays, with modern devices, music to your taste is easily accessible. (要点一) Yet, is power, which might benefit you, is not fully realized. (要点二) Scientists have researched into the nature and extent of music's effects on humans. (要点三) For instance, scientists at the University of Missouri have proven upbeat music can cheer you up. (要点四) Besides, sad music and angry music have also been found to be helpful. (要点五)
【解析】
【分析】
根据下面短文内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
【详解】根据第一段中Nowadays, it is most probable that you have an electronic device loaded with hundreds or even thousands of your favourite songs.“如今，你很可能有一个电子设备，里面装着数百甚至数千首你最喜欢的歌曲。”第二段第一句Music is so common.“音乐是如此普遍。”第三段最后一句Over the years, many studies have been done to examine in greater depth the nature and extent of the elects music has on people.“多年来，人们做了许多研究来更深入地研究音乐对人们的影响的性质和程度。”第四段是举例说明For example, scientists at the University of Missouri have found that listening to music can have positive effects on your mood.“例如，密苏里大学的科学家发现，听音乐可以对你的情绪产生积极的影响。”最后一段第一句Likewise,people under a lot of stress or experiencing upsetting situations can benefit from listening to angry music.（同样，人们在压力很大或经历令人沮丧的情况下也可以从听愤怒的音乐中受益。）
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