2019届山东省菏泽市高三下学期第一次模拟考试英语试卷（解析版）

2019 届 高 三 联 考
英语试卷
考生注意:
1. 本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
2. 答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。
3. 考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。
3. 本卷命题范围:高考范围。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. At a restaurant. B. In the street. C. At home.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
W: Why is the floor so wet? What happened?
M: No sooner had I gotten into the shower than the phone rang.
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
2.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
How did the man get the book?
A. He received it from his friend.
B. He bought it from a bookstore.
C. He borrowed it from the library.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
W: The book is so interesting.
M: If you like it, I can lend it to you. I borrowed it from the library one week ago and there are still two weeks left.
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
3.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
What will the speakers do first after watching the dolphin show?
A. See the elephants. B. Drink a cup of tea. C. Have a watch repaired.
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
W: Let's get something to drink and then go and see the elephants.
M: But the dolphin show starts in two minutes. I really want to see that. We can get a cup of tea afterwards.
W: Good idea.
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
4.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
What can we know about the man?
A. He had just joined a new team.
B. He was praised by the manager.
C. He evaluated others’ performances,
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
W: You look happy.
M: I am. I had my performance evaluation today.
W: So it went well?
M: Yes. The manager said my interpersonal skills are great. I work well with others.
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
5.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A present for Molly. B. A birthday party. C. A musician’s life.
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
A: Did you get a present for Molly's birthday?
W: Yes, she loves to listen to Johnny Holden’s music. And she's got all his CDs. Then I saw this book that introduces Johnny Holden’s life, so I got her this.
M: Good idea!
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
请听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】

6. What happened to the man?
A. He got injured. B. Me lost a football. C. He hit a boy.
7. When can the man go back to school?
A. In 48 hours. B. In 4 days. C. In a month.
【答案】6. A 7. B
【解析】
W: Did you get the injury playing football, Jim?
M: Yes. One of the boys kicked my foot instead of the ball.
W: The best thing for you to do is to rest your leg for 48 hours.
M: When can I go back to school?
W: You can go back in 4 days, but you'll need to avoid sports for a month.
【6题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【7题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】

8. What does the woman think of the new basketball shirts?
A. They are plain. B. They are colorful. C. They are expensive.
9. What can the woman do for the man?
A. Have the shirts changed. B. Take the shirts to his house. C. Draw pictures on the shirts.
【答案】8. A 9. B
【解析】
M: Hello.
W: Hi. I've just been to collect your new basketball shirts from the school.
M: Yeah, what do they look like?
W: I don’t know if you like them as much as last seasons you had white ones then, remember? And the yellow picture on it made it easy to see you guys on the basketball field, didn’t it? But this year they are just plain, no picture. Same color, anyway. I can bring them to your house to see what you think.
M: OK.
W: But it’s a bit late to change them now, I guess.
【8题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【9题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】

10. Who is to blame for the accident?
A. The man. B. A taxi driven C. The woman.
11. What do the speakers probably do?
A. Teachers. B. Nurses. C. Students.
12. What will the woman do?
A. Help the man with his exams.
B. Accompany the man for a week.
C. Take care of the man’s broken leg.
【答案】10. B 11. C 12. A
【解析】
W: Hello, Dan. I was sorry to hear that you had an accident last week. How did it happen and how are you feeling now?
M: Well, I was riding on my bicycle along the street when a taxi driver suddenly made a sharp turn in front of me. I could not stop my bicycle in time and I was knocked down. Fortunately, I only got a broken arm and a broken leg. The doctor said that I would have to stay in hospital for at least a week.
W: Do your arm and leg hurt now?
M: Yes, my leg hurts badly, but I can bear the pain. The only thing that I'm worried about is my classes. You know, our teacher said next week we would have our mid-term exams.
W: Well, don't worry about the exams. I can help you.
M: Thank you, but I don' t really want to stay here that long. Anyway, thank you for coming to see me.
【10题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【11题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【12题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】

13. Why was the woman frightened that she might put the children in danger?
A. She had no confidence at all.
B. She had made mistakes before.
C. She was lacking in experience.
14. What does the woman like doing?
A. Seeing children have so much fun.
B. Teaching children to join in activities.
C. Getting abler children to be perfect.
15. What does the woman say about the work at night?
A. It is tough and unnecessary.
B. Someone needs to be on duty.
C. She likes working after midnight.
16. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Interviewer and interviewee. B. Boss and secretary. C. Colleagues.
【答案】13. C 14. A 15. B 16. A
【解析】
M: I have with me this evening Louise Graham, a group leader at Ravensfield Outdoor Adventure Center for children. Louise, how long have you been there?
W: Well, before I first went there two years ago, I thought I'd probably only stay for a year, but after six months or so I really started to enjoy the job. So I’ve been there ever since. To be honest, I was lacking in self-confidence, and when I first arrived. I was a bit worried about making mistakes. I was frightened I might put the children in danger because of my inexperience.
M: What's the best thing about your work?
W: One thing I like is seeing them have so much fun, even if sometimes their behavior isn't perfect. And I can suggest activities that haven’t been tried before. But there are always some children who haven’t quite tot as much ability as others, and for me the most rewarding part of the job is getting them to succeed in things they haven’t managed to do before. It's hard work, though. Sometimes you are on duty at night.
M: Mm, What do you think about that?
W: Well, I cant say I look forward to starting work at 10:00 pm, but the kids have to be looked after 24 hours, so someone has to do it and all the staff take turns.
【13题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【14题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【15题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【16题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】

17. What was the exhibition about last year?
A. Star posters. B. Railway posters. C. Holiday posters.
18. Where can people enjoy The Rose Garden?
A. At the Entertainment Center. B. At the Arts Center. C. At the Reception Center.
19. What are people advised to do?
A. Prepare some money for the admission to the exhibition.
B. Look back on all of Alan Brown’s previous films on TV.
C. Book the tickets for Detective in the Shadows in advance.
20. How long is the Tourist Center open on Saturday?
A. For seven hours. B. For six hours. C. For five hours.
【答案】17. C 18. B 19. C 20. A
【解析】
W: Good morning, everyone. Here is the Entertainment Guide for this week. There is another exhibition of posters in Town Hall. Last year it was early holiday posters, but this time the exhibition will he of railway posters. The exhibition opens on Monday. Admission is free, and the exhibition is open from ten until five every day. If you can spend some time there, I’m sure you will enjoy yourself.
There’s a special feature at the Arts Center this week. It's the very first performance of a new play, The Rose garden, by a local writer, Alan Brown. This is Alan s first stage play, but many of you have enjoyed his films on television.
The play will be on Saturday. Be sure to book your seats as soon as possible, if you have not done so yet. If you like his films very much. I believe this play won’t let you down.
There is also a film, Detective in the shadows, being shown this Sunday at the Arts Center Cinema. Book the tickets in advance just in case that you can’t get a ticket the very day you come to see the film. The place to go to make reservations is the Tourist Center. It is open from 9:30 until 4:30 every day except Sunday and Monday. Also, you can book tickets on the Internet, just go to www. Artcentercinena. com.
【17题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【18题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【19题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【20题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
LEADING INTERNATIONAL SCHOOLS 2019
●Jerudong International School(JIS) , Brunei
“Achieving Excellence” is the motto of JIS, Brunei. A developing boarding school of 1,700 students, 40% Bruneian, JIS has made itself a leading school in Asia. With almost 200 highly qualified teachers primarily from the UK, the 120-acre single campus (校园) close to both coast and rainforest offers a unique educational environment. There is a Performing Arts Centre, 27 science laboratories, libraries and classrooms.
●The American International School (AIS), Austria
Founded in 1959, AIS is the oldest English-language school in Austria. School programs focus on academics, but also on the development of students’ creative and leadership abilities and emotional intelligence. The school recognizes students’ special learning styles, trying to make instruction different and allowing students to reach their full potential in different areas.
●Singapore American School (SAS), Singapore
Founded in 1956, it is one of only a few good non-profit schools in Singapore. For over six decades, SAS has provided students from preschool to Grade 12 a good American education with an international view. The school supports professional development financially and continually sends teachers across the globe to discover new ideas and best practices from influential educational institutions.
●Santa Clara International School (SCIS), Spain -
In the school, when you walk into a classroom, you’ll see hands raised, small groups assembled (集合), and presentations underway. You’ll find teachers creating cooperative partnerships with students, encouraging them to discover and connect. You’ll observe children working on meaningful hands-on projects that build skills and excite creativity. The teaching philosophy is that learning happens everywhere: in the classrooms, in the city, in a museum, on a farm, or just a walk around the neighborhood.
21. How can students benefit from attending AIS?
A. They are exposed to the beauty of vast rainforests.
B. They are made leaders with emotional intelligence.
C. They are always sent abroad to discover new ideas.
D. They are encouraged to develop their possibilities.
22. Which school attaches importance to teachers’ development?
A. JIS. B. SAS. C. AIS. D. SCIS.
23. What makes SCIS different from the other schools?
A. Its special teaching methods. B. Its various practical courses.
C. Its large and beautiful campus. D. Its oldest history and buildings.
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四所国际学校。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二部分“The school recognizes students’ special learning styles, trying to make instruction different and allowing students to reach their full potential in different areas.”可知，奥地利的美国国际学校鼓励学生们开发自己的潜力。故D选项正确。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三部分“The school supports professional development financially and continually sends teachers across the globe to discover new ideas and best practices from influential educational institutions.”可知，新加坡美国学校注重教师的发展。故B选项正确。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一部分“You’ll find teachers creating cooperative partnerships with student. encouraging them to discover and connect. You’ll observe children working on meaningful hands-on projects that build skills and excite creativity.”可推断，西班牙的圣克拉拉国际学校的独特的教学方法使之与其他三所学校不同。故A选项正确。
【点睛】细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。此外，在阅读中可以使用定位法与跳读法解决细节理解题。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位)，然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转换)，从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落，然后进行分析和推理等，从而找出正确答案。
以本文第1小题为例，本题运用定位法：我们根据题干How can students benefit from attending AIS?其关键词是benefit from attending AIS，从而直接定位到The American International School (AIS), Austria部分的——The school recognizes students’ special learning styles, trying to make instruction different and allowing students to reach their full potential in different areas.可知，奥地利的美国国际学校鼓励学生们开发自己的潜力。故D选项正确。
B
The morning after an evening struggle to care for my three-year-old daughter, I couldn’t wait to get her to school. I, as a mother, was tired from the anger and her inability to communicate because of her slowed language development.
As I accompanied her into the car, I felt desperate. Nothing was right with our world. She’d been born around the same time when the nation was witnessing the birth of another Great Recession. My job and my house had been victims. Then this happened. My child’s language delay was identified, but doctors struggled to properly help her, I felt like we both needed to he rescued.
I returned that afternoon as disenchanted with the little girl 1 loved as when 1 left. Walking slowly toward the school’s playground gate, I found her preschool teacher racing to greet me.
“You should have seen her today!” His breathy words were supported by excitement. I didn’t interrupt. “See that climber. ” He pointed to a wooden piece of playground equipment that looked like a rock wall. I nodded. “Well, every day since she started school, she’s tried and failed to make it to the top. ” He took a breath. “And today she did it!”
He expressed his joy just as he’d witnessed her conquering Mount Everest! “She cheered and celebrated! I wish I’d recorded it!” His words comforted me. My daughter had conquered her mountain.
As she ran toward me, I recognized something I hadn’t before. I saw her perseverance(毅力). I saw her strength. I saw a Hero.
Everyday greatness celebrates ordinary people who do unusual things in big and small ways, showing courage, kindness, love and selflessness. We encourage you to click these brief accounts and invite you to share your own story.
24. Why did the author rush her daughter to school?
A. She was busy with her work as a doctor.
B. She had a fight with her daughter last night.
C. She broke down when dealing with her daughter.
D. She had to sell their house due to Great Recession.
25. Which of the following best explains “disenchanted” underlined in paragraph 3?
A. Happy. B. Concerned.
C. Careful. D. Disappointed.
26. Why did the little girl’s preschool teacher feel excited?
A. She succeeded in standing on Mount Everest.
B. She managed to climb up the wooden equipment.
C. She got the first place in the school sports meet.
D. She began to communicate with others normally.
27. From which is the text most probably taken?
A. The radio. B. A magazine.
C. A newspaper. D. The Internet.
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. B 27. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。作者的女儿有语言障碍，尽管应对女儿使作者精疲力竭，但是女儿的坚韧终于让她成为作者心中的英雄。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“I, as a mother，was tired from the anger and her inability to communicate because of her slowed language development.”及第二段“I felt like we both needed to be rescued.”可知，作者迫不及待地把女儿送到学校，因为女儿有语言障碍，应对女儿使作者感到崩溃了。故C选项正确。
【25题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段“As I accompanied her into the car, I felt desperate.”和第三段的第一句可知，作者送孩子上学的感受和接孩子时的感受应该是一样的。由此可推断，画线词与disappointed意思最为接近。故D选项正确。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段可知，作者的女儿从开学第一天起就一直在努力攀登这个木制的设备，但是一直没有成功，那天她终于成功了，所以老师很激动。故B选项正确。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段，尤其是“We encourage you to click these brief accounts...”可推断，本文最有可能来自于网络。故D选项正确。
【点睛】依据逻辑推理猜测词义：运用逻辑推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。在第2小题中，考生可以根据该划线词所在的上下文语境来推测其指代对象。根据第二段“As I accompanied her into the car, I felt desperate.”（ 当我陪她上车时，我感到绝望）和第三段的第一句I returned that afternoon as disenchanted with the little girl 1 loved as when 1 left.可知，作者送孩子上学的感受和接孩子时的感受应该是一样的。由此可推断，画线词与disappointed意思最为接近。故D选项正确。
C
Dolphins, African gray parrots and some other animals understand the idea of “zero,” but researchers were surprised to find that honeybees also comprehend this abstract concept, considering the insects’ tiny brains, according to a new study. Honeybees have fewer than one million neurons (神经元), compared with the 86 billion neurons in humans—and yet, they grasp a concept that humans, by some measures, don’t start to understand before preschool.
The researchers set up two cards, each of which had a set of symbols on them, like triangles or circles. Then, they trained a group of the bees to fly to the card with the lower number of symbols. The bees quickly learned what the humans wanted them to do to get their delicious, sweet rewards. The trained bees were then shown a card that was empty and one that had symbols on it. There is no need for the bees to be trained to fly more often to the empty card—thus showing that they understood that “zero” was a number less than the others.
Although they flew more often to an empty card than to one that had one symbol on it, it became easier for them to distinguish when the symbols on the card increased in number. For example, they more often flew to the zero when the other card had four symbols than when it had one.
Perhaps these findings will explain the brain mechanism (机制) behind what allows us to understand the concept of “nothing,” Adrian Dyer, a researcher said. This understanding, in turn, could help in the development of artificial intelligence (AI) that also understands this concept. “If bees can understand ‘zero’ with a brain of less than a million neurons, it suggests there are simple, efficient ways to teach AI new tricks,” Dyer said in the statement.
28. What is a surprising finding for the researchers?
A. Many animals also comprehend the meaning of “zero”.
B. The number of neurons of honeybees is much smaller.
C. Honeybees can understand “zero” with their tiny brains.
D. Humans fail to recognize abstract ideas before preschool.
29. What can the bees do without further training?
A. Fly directly to the card with more symbols on it.
B. Fly less often to the card with fewer symbols on it.
C. Fly quite slowly to the card without anything on it.
D. Fly more often to the card without any symbol on it.
30. What does Adrian Dyer say about these findings?
A. They offer inspiration to the development of technology.
B. They enable people to understand more abstract concepts.
C. They suggest ways to teach humans some complex tricks.
D. They allow people to set a new type of brain mechanism.
31. What is the main idea of the text?
A. Honeybees know about the concept of “zero”.
B. Honeybees can understand much as humans do.
C. Honeybees will help to improve AI in the future.
D. Honeybees can be trained to comprehend “zero”.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. A 31. A
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。通过实验表明，蜜蜂与其他许多动物一样，能理解诸如“零”这样的抽象概念，尤其是蜜蜂的脑容量相比人类来说很小。这给人类尤其是人工智能带来了启示。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“...but researchers were surprised to find that honeybees also comprehend this abstract concept, considering the insects’ tiny brains...”可知，令研究人员惊奇的是蜜蜂的脑容量小，但它们却也能理解像“零”这样的抽象概念。故C选项正确。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是最后一句可知，蜜蜂能飞向没有符号的卡片是不需要被进一步训练的。故D选项正确。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“If bees can understand ‘zero’ with a brain of less than a million neurons, it suggests there are simple, efficient ways to teach AI new tricks. Dyer said in the statement.”可知，Adrian Dyer认为这些发现能够为科技的发展提供一些灵感。故A选项正确。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要是在讲蜜蜂与其他许多动物一样，能理解诸如“零”这样的抽象概念。故A选项正确。
D
In this Pennsylvania city, Pittsburgh is shrinking but getting wealthier. Since 2000, its population has declined by 95,000 while its income per capita (人均) has shot up 24 percent. The trend is taking hold in many other cities, like Buffalo in New York, Providence in Rhode Island and New Orleans.
Some of these areas have created more high-paying jobs in energy, health care or education. Others have managed to reshape their manufacturing (制造业) for a new economy. Higher-paying jobs have a greater effect because they create demand for additional services. “The story in Pittsburgh is very positive, and other areas are looking at it as an example of the transformation that might be possible,” said Guhan Venkatu, who wrote an economic history of the area called “Rust and Renewal” for the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.
Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh have helped bring tech jobs and innovation (革新) to the area by sponsoring tech centers that help graduates start companies without moving to Silicon Valley or San Francisco. This has helped keep Pittsburgh’s educated young population growing even as the entire population in the city has dropped.
Pittsburgh has more STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) jobs than other shrinking cities, about 80,000 or 7% of all jobs. STEM jobs add productivity and income growth to the area. Manufacturers of high-tech medical equipment in the Pittsburgh area also have doubled employment in the last 10 years.
However, some experts question whether growing income per capita can really make up for a declining population. According to Patrick Adler, a researcher at the University of Toronto, population loss does matter if it means lower-skilled workers have fled because of a lack of opportunity. What’s more, high-paying jobs in education and health care can disappear if the population declines too greatly. So it’d be wise to find ways to increase the population.
32. In what aspect does Pittsburgh set a good example?
A. Transforming new energy. B. Creating more well-paid jobs.
C. Prohibiting the manufacturing. D. Sponsoring higher education.
33. How do some academic institutions help with the local economy?
A. By helping to attract more talents from other areas.
B. By providing much technical support to local companies.
C. By successfully keeping educated youths working locally.
D. By assisting in employing a large number of educated youths.
34. Why is Patrick Adler mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. To show the disadvantage of a declining population.
B. To give a suggestion about increasing population.
C. To raise doubts about growing income per capita.
D. To tell a reason why lower-skilled workers flee.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. How Fast Job Growth Is Related to Population Growth
B. How Less-crowded Cities Plan Their High-tech Economy
C. Why Some Cities are Losing People but Getting Wealthier
D. Why Some Cities are Suffering From a Shrinking Population
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. A 35. C
【解析】
本文为说明文。在美国有一些城市人口在减少，但经济在发展，这其中是有原因的。文章对此进行了介绍说明。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Some of these areas have created more high-paying jobs in energy, health care or education”和第三、四段可推断，匹兹堡在创造更多的高薪工作方面树立了榜样。故B选项正确。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh have helped bring tech jobs and innovation (革新) to the area by sponsoring tech centers that help graduates start companies without moving to Silicon Valley or San Francisco. This has helped keep Pittsburgh’s educated young population growing...”可知，一些学术机构通过成功地让受教育的年轻人在当地工作来帮助当地的经济。故C选项正确。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可推断，最后一段提到Patrick Adler是为了说明人口减少的弊端。故A选项正确。
【35题详解】
标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段可知，本文主要是在介绍有些城市人口在减少但经济却在发展的原因。故C选项正确。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
We automatically assume that as adults, we’re wiser than when we were children. However, actually we can learn a lot from our childhood self. For example, we can learn to develop optimism about the future. Do you remember how excited you used to be just before Christmas? ___36___ Reintroduce that childlike wonder into our daily experiences.
We can learn to dream big and imagine the impossible. How often have you heard a child say something like “One day, I’m going to be an astronaut”? Our adult minds immediately laugh at this idea and think about all the logical reasons as to why this might never happen. ___37___ We minimize our chances of attaining what we dream about. It is okay to dream big just as our childhood self did.
___38___ Our childhood self looked at possibilities and believed we could achieve them successfully. If we wanted to build a tree house, we’d go about thinking about how to make it happen instead of focusing on all the reasons it might not happen. In this way we can fill our life with possibilities rather than regrets.
We can learn to be playful and silly sometimes, ___39___ Children spend a large amount of time escaping from reality to mess about and have fun. Make time for your childhood self to come out and play. Run around the garden, wear a silly hat or spend time laughing. ___40___.
A. Don’t imagine things could go wrong.
B. We can learn to hold a “can do” attitude.
C. That feeling of great joy is hard to beat.
D. Most children tend to think in a positive way.
E. All of these activities can make us feel happy and alive.
F. We employ self-limiting beliefs without even realizing it.
G. All work and no play makes a person very dull and upset.
【答案】36. C 37. F
38. B 39. G
40. E
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了向孩子们学习一些好的品质。
【36题详解】
根据空前“Do you remember how excited you used to be just before Christmas?”可知，C项“那种巨大的喜悦的感觉是很难掩饰的”符合。故C选项正确。
【37题详解】
根据空前“Our adult minds immediately laugh at this idea and think about all the logical reasons as to why this might never happen.”可知，F项“我们利用自我限制的想法却不自知”符合。故F选项正确。
【38题详解】
根据空后“Our childhood self looked at possibilities and believed we could achieve them successfully.”可知，B项“我们可以学会持有‘能够做’的态度”符合。故B选项正确。
【39题详解】
根据空前“We can learn to be playful and silly sometimes.”可知，G项“只工作不玩耍让人变得无聊和沮丧”符合。故G选项正确。
【40题详解】
根据空前“Run around the garden, wear a silly hat or spend time laughing.”可知，E项“所有的这些活动都会使我们感到快乐和富有生气”符合。故E选项正确。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Johnny and I lived in a small neighborhood in 1955. We had bought our two young sons two ___41___ for Christmas and Johnny would assemble them on Christmas Eve.
But on Christmas Eve day, Johnny ___42___ to go to Brookley Air Force Base in Mobile to repair a jet. I had my hands ___43___ with flour, preparing for Christmas dinner and ___44___ two energetic boys.
I was making the chocolate cake when a(n) ___45___ knocked on the door. It was Beatrice who was the ___46___ person on our road with a telephone. The base had ___47___ to say that a heavy torque wrench (扭矩扳手) had come apart in Johnny’s hand, making the hone ___48___ . My sister-in-law Ruth and her husband, Otto, took me to the ___49___ while my mother-in-law stayed with the children.
We got there only to ___50___ Johnny with a cast on his arm, eager to get home although the doctor required that he ___51___. It was Christmas Eve, Johnny ___52___, and he had bikes to assemble for his boys. The doctor said he’d consider ___53___ him the next morning if Johnny could find someone to drive him home.
On Christmas morning, Johnny tried calling the motor pool (车辆调配所). They said ___54___ must come from higher up, so Johnny ___55___ making calls. ___56___, a big blue car rolled up to the hospital asking for the man who needed a ___57___ home.
Johnny’s mother and I were putting dinner on the table when we heard the car. We were ___58___ to see Johnny. With Otto’s help, Johnny assembled the boys’ gifts.
That cold Christmas Day, our hearts were full of ___59___ for those who had gone the extra mile to bring us ___60___ on the holiday.
41. A. cars B. bicycles C. phones D. toys
42. A. asked B. refused C. had D. used
43. A. full B. decorated C. related D. familiar
44. A. searching for B. playing with C. worrying about D. looking after
45. A. stranger B. engineer C. operator D. neighbor
46. A. last B. right C. only D. first
47. A. paused B. called C. decided D. intended
48. A. broken B. dirty C. ugly D. abandoned
49. A. base B. hospital C. destination D. station
50. A. find B. supply C. assist D. equip
51. A. leave B. rest C. stay D. relax
52. A. believed B. imagined C. expected D. argued
53. A. admiring B. dismissing C. rewarding D. assessing
54. A. ideas B. demands C. orders D. policies
55. A. started B. tried C. kept D. stopped
56. A. Suddenly B. Finally C. Instantly D. Gradually
57. A. lift B. recipe C. trip D. voyage
58. A. thrilled B. embarrassed C. motivated D. terrified
59. A. generosity B. consideration C. kindness D. appreciation
60. A. close B. apart C. around D. together
【答案】41. B 42. C 43. A 44. D 45. D 46. C 47. B 48. A 49. B 50. A 51. C 52. D 53. B 54. C 55. C 56. C 57. B 58. A 59. A 60. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了作者一家人在圣诞节那天来之不易的团聚的故事。
【41题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. cars汽车；B. bicycles自行车；C. phones手机；D. toys玩具。根据“...he had bikes to assemble for his boys.”可知，此处指买自行车。故B选项正确。
【42题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. asked to do请求做；B. refused to do拒绝做；C. had to do不得不做；D. used to do过去常常做。根据But及最后一段That cold Christmas Day可知，圣诞节放假时间本应该是在家团聚的过节的时间，但Johnny却不得不上班。故C选项正确。
【43题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. full满的；B. decorated装饰的；C. related有关的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据making the chocolate cake可知，作者正在做蛋糕，故作者满手都是面粉。故A选项正确。
【44题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. searching for寻找；B. playing with和……玩；C. worrying about担心；D. looking after照顾。根据“We had bought our two young sons two 1 for Christmas...”可知，儿子们还小，故需要照顾。故D选项正确。
【45题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. stranger陌生人；B. engineer工程师；C. operator接线员；D. neighbor邻居。根据“Johnny and I lived in a small neighborhood in 1955.”及下文“It was Beatrice who was the 6 person on our road with a telephone.”可推断，此处指一位邻居敲门。故D选项正确。
【46题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. last最后的；B. right正确的；C. only唯一的；D. first第一的。根据语境可知，Beatric是唯一家中装有电话的邻居。故C选项正确。
【47题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. paused暂停；B. called打电话；C. decided决定；D. intended打算。根据“It was Beatrice who was the 6 person on our road with a telephone.”可推断，此处指Johnny上班的基地打电话说他在单位出了事故。故B选项正确。
【48题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. broken断的，坏的；B. dirty脏的；C. ugly丑的；D. abandoned被遗弃的。根据“...a heavy torque wrench (扭矩扳手) had come apart in Johnny’s hand...”可推断，此处指Johnny 的骨头断了(broken)。故A选项正确。
【49题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. base基地；B. hospital医院；C. destination目的地；D. station车站。根据“...eager to get home although the doctor required that...”可推断，作者是去医院。故B选项正确。
【50题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. find发现；B. supply供给；C. assist辅助；D. equip装备。此处指作者到了医院以后发现丈夫Johnny的伤情。故A选项正确。
【51题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. leave离开；B. rest休息；C. stay留下；D. relax放松。根据语境可推断，医生是不准许Johnny出院的，而是要求他留下来。故C选项正确。
【52题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. believed相信；B. imagined想象；C. expected盼望；D. argued争论，提出理由。根据“It was Christmas Eve... and he had bikes to assemble for his boys.”可知，此处指Johnny表达观点。故D选项正确。
【53题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. admiring羡慕；B. dismissing让……离开；C. rewarding奖励；D. assessing评价。根据“...if Johnny could find someone to drive him home.”可推断，医生考虑放Johnny回家。故B选项正确。
【54题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. ideas主意；B. demands要求；C. orders命令；D. policies政策。根据语境可知，此处指派车的命令。故C选项正确。
【55题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. started开始；B. tried努力，试图；C. kept继续，一直；D. stopped停止。根据“On Christmas morning, Johnny tried calling the motor pool (车辆调配所). They said 14 must come from higher up...”可推断，此处指Johnny继续打电话。故C选项正确。
【56题详解】
考查副词辨析。A. Suddenly突然；B. Finally最终；C. Instantly立刻；D. Gradually逐渐。根据“...so Johnny 15 making calls.”可推断Johnny打了很多个电话后，终于要来了车。故C选项正确。
【57题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. lift便车；B. recipe食谱；C. trip旅行；D. voyage航行。根据“...if Johnny could find someone to drive him home.”可知，此处指Johnny搭便车回家了。故B选项正确。
【58题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. thrilled激动的；B. embarrassed尴尬的；C. motivated有动机的；D. terrified很害怕的。原本住院的丈夫得以在圣诞节回家，作者及其家人感到激动。故A选项正确。
【59题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. generosity慷慨；B. consideration体贴；C. kindness善良；D. appreciation感激。根据“...for those who had gone the extra mile to bring us 20 on the holiday.”可推断，作者一家满怀感激。故A选项正确。
【60题详解】
考查副词辨析。A. close紧密地；B. apart分开地；C. around在周围；D. together在一起。根据语境可知，此处指住院的丈夫回家与一家人团聚。故D选项正确。
【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第1小题要求判断出作者给自己的两个儿子买什么做圣诞礼物。根据下文It was Christmas Eve, Johnny ___12___, and he had bikes to assemble for his boys可知，此处指买自行车。A. cars汽车；B. bicycles自行车；C. phones手机；D. toys玩具。故B选项正确。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When Robert Lee was in primary school, he hated to see his classmates throwing away half-eaten sandwiches after lunch. His parents had taught him and his older brother not to waste food. “They said it was bad,” says Robert, 27.
While ___61___ (study) finance and accounting at New York University, Robert remembered this lesson and joined Two Birds One Stone, a food rescue club at school ___62___ delivered, five days a week, uneaten pasta, vegetables and other leftovers (剩余食物) from the dining hall to nearby homeless ___63___ (shelter).
When Robert and fellow club member Louisa Chen entered a college ___64___ (compete), they came up with a slightly different idea for a food rescue non-profit group—___65___ (it) program wouldn’t have a donation minimum, would operate seven days a week, and would be staffed ___66___ (entire) by volunteers.
Surprisingly, ___67___ idea stood out. Robert and Louisa Chen won the first place. ___68___ the $1,000 prize, they founded Rescuing Leftover Cuisine (RLC) in July 2013. In just the first few weeks, Robert s team delivered a donation of enough noodles and meatballs to feed 20 people in line at a New York City homeless shelter that had run out of food. Only a year into his finance job, Robert gave up his six- figure salary ___69___ (focus) on RLC. So far the organization ___70___ (reach) sixteen cities around the country.
【答案】61. studying
62. that/which
63. shelters
64. competition
65. its 66. entirely
67. the 68. With
69. to focus
70. has reached
【解析】
本文为记叙文。主要讲述了Robert Lee致力于通过收集“剩余食物”来帮助那些无家可归的人的事迹。
【61题详解】
考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，study与其逻辑主语Robert存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处用现在分词表示主动，“while+现在分词短语”在此处作状语。故填studying。
【62题详解】
考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，该空引导限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是a food rescue club，故此处用关系代词that/which引导该定语从句。故填that/which。
【63题详解】
考查名词复数。shelter为可数名词，其前无限定词，故用其复数形式。故填shelters。
【64题详解】
考查词形转换。根据空前的修饰词a college可知，此处用所给词的名词形式。故填competition。
【65题详解】
考查代词。此处用所给词的形容词性物主代词修饰空后的名词program。故填its。
【66题详解】
考查词形转换。该空修饰谓语部分would be staffed且作状语，故用所给词的副词形式。故填entirely。
【67题详解】
考查冠词。空后的idea特指上文提到的a slightly different idea，应使用定冠词the。故填the。
【68题详解】
考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示“用(所获得的)一千美元奖金”，应使用介词with。故填With。
【69题详解】
考查非谓语动词。此处用所给词的不定式作目的状语。故填to focus。
【70题详解】
考查动词时态。分析句子成分可知，该空为其所在句的谓语，根据该句中的时间状语So far，应使用现在完成时。故填has reached。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
71.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I am always telling to work hard to have a good life in the future. Therefore, I do my best to play basketball or study. I want to be basketball player when I will grow up. To realize my dream, I practice playing basketball regular, aiming to make my best shots. Although I’m interesting in watching TV, I manage to finish my homework first. I try my best in all the test, especially in the math test because I find math more difficulty than any other subject. Anyway I will spare no efforts and never give in on my studies and I believe if I am sure to succeed.
【答案】telling→told
or→and
be后面加上a
去掉will
regular→regularly
interesting→interested
test→tests
difficulty→difficult
in→up
if→that
【解析】
【分析】
本文为说明文。作者介绍了自己的目标、计划和做法。
【详解】第一处：考查语态。句意：我总是被告诫要努力工作”。根据句意，此处不是进行时，而是被动语态，应使用过去分词。故telling改为told。
第二处：考查连词。句意：因此，我尽我最大的努力打篮球和学习。or“或者，否则”，and“和”。故or改为and。
第三处：考查不定冠词。此处泛指“一名篮球运动员”，应使用不定冠词。故be后面加上a。
第四处：考查时态。时间状语从句中，一般是时态表将来。故去掉will。
第五处：考查副词。此处修饰动词practice ，应使用副词形式。故regular改为regularly。
第六处：考查形容词。句意：我对看电视很感兴趣。interesting“有趣的”，interested“感兴趣的”。故interesting改为interested。
第七处：考查名词复数。test“测试”是可数名词，根据其前all可知，此处应使用复数形式。故test改为tests。
第八处：考查形容词。find复合结构：find sb. /sth. adj. “发现某人/某物怎么样”。故difficulty改为difficult。
第九处：考查介词。句意：无论如何，我将不遗余力，永不放弃我的学习。give in“屈服，让步”，give up“放弃”。故in改为up。
第十处：考查连词。句意：我相信我一定会成功。if引导名词性从句时，意为“是否”；that引导名词性从句，只起连接作用，不做句子成分。故if改为that。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
72.假定你是李华。你的英国朋友David发邮件来询问你寒假的旅游体验，请你给他回复邮件。内容包括:
1. 手机支付；
2. 人脸识别景区；
3. 邀请他来体验。
注意:1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:手机支付mobile payment；人脸识别 face recognition
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear David,
I’m happy to hear from you. As for what I have experienced during the winter holiday, here’s something I’d like to share with you.
When travelling with my parents on a customized tour, I’m amazed at the changes and convenience brought by artificial intelligence. Wherever and whenever we went, we could use mobile payment. More interestingly, unlike the previous years when we had to get into tourist attractions with the ID card, we did it through a face recognition app, which really saved time. What an amazing experience!
I do hope you can come to China and experience all of this when you have spare time. Looking forward to your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封信。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封电子邮件；假定你是李华。你的英国朋友David发邮件来询问你寒假的旅游体验，请你给他回复邮件。内容包括：1. 手机支付；2. 人脸识别景区；3. 邀请他来体验。人称使用第一人称，时态应为一般现在时和一般过去时。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：hear from（收到来信），experience（体验），winter holiday（寒假），artificial intelligence（人工智能）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如宾语从句As for what I have experienced during the winter holiday…；非谓语动词的运用When travelling with my parents on a customized tour, I’m amazed at the changes and convenience brought by artificial intelligence.；让步状语从句Wherever and whenever we went, we could use mobile payment.；定语从句More interestingly, unlike the previous years when we had to get into tourist attractions with the ID card, we did it through a face recognition app, which really saved time.；感叹句What an amazing experience!；时间状语从句I do hope you can come to China and experience all of this when you have spare time.全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。