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2019届江苏省南京市高三9月学情调研测试英语试题
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2019届江苏南京高三零模学情调研
英 语
注意事项：
1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第I卷（选择题）
一、 单项选择
1．_______a striking look with a sea of lavender flowers, Guli has become a famous attraction in Nanjing.
A． Wearing B． To wear
C． To be wearing D． Having won
2．---What’s up, Kim? You look very excited!
---Sorry, just a moment ago I ran into Tayor Swift so I was a bit .
A． Given up B． have their hands up
C． carried away D． driven away
3．The Spanish National Football Team is such a superb one that they can .
A． get their hands dirty B． have their hands full
C． lay their hands on us D． beat us hands down
4．What a lucky dog! He’s just a starring role in Spielberg’s next movie.
A． landed B． lost
C． arranged D． accepted
5．Some animal protectors are seen as being two-faced about animal welfare the way they treat domestic animals.
A． in need of B． in view of
C． in search of D． in favour of
6．The company needs to develop a culture people see that’s OK to take time off.
A． that B． when
C． which D． where
7．If we just focus on how we want the future to be, we may be to opportunities along the way.
A． equal B． close
C． blind D． open
8．You say you are innocent, but we have good reasons to think .
A． twice B． over
C． aloud D． otherwise
9．The site in Beijing is an outstanding of the creative art of Chinese garden design.
A． distinction B． expression
C． inspiration D． evaluation
10．HMV’s rise started with the pop music revolution of the 1960s, when the company began its album sales in London.
A． expanding B． exploring
C． exporting D． expecting
11．It is very encouraging to see Beijing 2022 is using its potential to maximize the use of existing stadiums.
A． how B． why
C． when D． whether
12．Mr. Wills, who was being helped up onto the platform to take the prize, looked as if he by lightning.
A． was just struck B． were just struck
C． would just be struck D． had just been struck
13．After 40 years of reform and opening-up, China still has a long way to go it becomes a “developed economy”.
A． until B． before
C． after D． unless
14．The founding of Shanghai Cooperation Organization, which widely recognized and praised, aims to build friendly international relations.
A． .was B． were
C． has been D． had been
15．---What a waste of time to watch such a boring match！
--- . Why not switch the channel?
A． It’s no big deal B． With your permission
C． My feelings exactly D． You’ve got to be kidding
二、完形填空
Wildflowers in a mountain meadow are a gift of nature. But what about those wildflowers blooming along busy___16___? Well, nature had a____17___.
Claudia Alta “Lady Bird” Johnson, the wife of our thirty-sixth President, Lyndon B． Johnson wanted ___18___to be a national priority.
As a little girl growing up in “deep east Texas,” wildflowers helped her get through___19___times. Her mother had died when she was five, and her father___20_____most of his time at the general store he owned. Her older brothers were away at school, ___21___ Lady Bird turned to nature for ___22___. “Nature was my friend and my teacher,” she says. “It was a joy to me, and it’s never____23____ me.”
After high school, Lady Bird left home for the University of Texas in Austin. ____24___ she found joy in nature—in the vast quantities of Texas bluebonnets（德克萨斯州羽扇豆）. It was there that Lady Bird met and fell in love with Lyndon B． Johnson. He proposed to her on their first ____25____.
“The whole country ___26___ the President,” Lady Bird said, “but only one man selects the First Lady—and it is highly____27___ that he was thinking of her as First Lady when he proposed!”
When she got to know the ___28____ disappearance of “America the Beautiful” due to land development and pollution, Lady Bird ____29____ the President to propose a Highway Beautification Act that allocated money to ____30___roadsides. The act was passed in 1965.
Lady Bird ___31____ that many wildflowers, like people, were immigrants. “They ____32____ the nation on the wheels of covered wagons, perhaps ___33___ in the pockets of children.”
Lady Bird is certainly our First Lady of___34___. She has made us see that highways can be beautiful.
She is the reason why wildflowers now____35____our travels through almost every state.
16．A． streets B． highways C． roads D． lanes
17．A． helper B． discoverer C． creator D． protector
18．A． liberty B． traffic C． justice D． beauty
19．A． lonely B． exciting C． happy D． disappointed
20．A． wasted B． spent C． found D． killed
21．A． so B． but C． or D． for
22．A． aid B． company C． rescue D． happiness
23．A． ignored B． scared C． troubled D． failed
24．A． Absolutely B． Naturally C． Again D． Often
25．A． date B． try C． vote D． appearance
26．A． shapes B． serves C． selects D． supports
27．A． unlikely B． unnecessary C． unusual D． uncertain
28．A． sudden B． complete C． gradual D． final
29．A． warned B． persuade C． forced D． ordered
30．A． lengthen B． widen C． monitor D． landscape
31．A． let out B． found out C． pointed out D． figured out
32．A． visited B． left C． passed D． crossed
33．A． then B． even C． yet D． still
34．A． wildflowers B． wagons C． roadsides D． travels
35．A． decide B． guide C． brighten D． shorten
三、阅读理解
A
36．According to the passage, which of the following is TERE?
A． Those Americans who live above the poverty line won’t go hungry.
B． 13 million American children are food insecure for lack of transportation.
C． Among all the states in the USA, food insecurity in Mississippi is severest.
D． Neighborhood banks have no additional requirements for food packaging.
37．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A． To warn readers against dangers of insecure food.
B． To urge readers to help the poor out of poverty.
C． To inform readers of the severe food shortage in America.
D． To advocate readers contributing to food relief in America.
B
So called “sin taxes” on sugary drinks, alcohol and tobacco not only work, but will help rather than improperly punish the poor, according to a major new international analysis.
Just a day before the UK brings in a levy on sugary drinks, experts are urging every country in the world to use taxes to keep people from the eating, drinking and smoking habits that will damage their health. The experts analyzed the effects of taxes on sugary drinks, tabacco and alcohol in countries that have introduced them and found that the criticism that they are punishing the poorest in unfounded.
Experts did a survey. They looked at 13 countries: Chile, Guatemala, Panama, Nicaragua, Albania, Poland, Turkey, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Niger, Nigeria, India and Timor-Leste. They found that wealthier families generally spend more on alcohol, soft drinks and snacks. In India, for instance, wealthier households spent seven times more on alcohol and three times more on soft drinks and snacks compared to poorer households. So those households end up paying a larger proportion of any tax.
On the other hand, taxes have a greater impact on the smaller household budgets of poorer families. They respond by buying less, with greater benefits for their health. In the UK, say the authors, the response to the possible introduction of a minimum price for alcohol was estimated to be 7.6 times larger in the poorest households, compared with the wealthiest.
In Mexico, the introduction of a sugary drinks tax resulted in an average of 4.2 litres less of soft drinks purchased per person, with a 17% decrease in purchases among lower income groups and almost no change in higher income groups. In Lebanon, they say, a 50% increase in the price of cigarettes would lead to twice as many people quitting smoking in poorer households as wealthy families.
“The evidence suggests that concerns about higher taxes on tobacco, alcohol, and soft drinks harming the poor are overstated,” said Dr. Rachel Nugent from RTI International in Seattle, USA, and chair of the Lancet Taskforce on NCDs and economics.
“Some degree of taxation on tobacco is common in many countries, and while we are starting to see progress on alcohol taxes, there is much more governments should be doing – in both high and low income countries – to consider the careful introduction of taxes on other unhealthy products like soft drinks and snacks. Price policies such as taxes will be a key part of the response to rising rates of non-communicable
diseases(慢性非传染病).”
The UK sugar tax is a levy on the manufacturers of 18p per litre for drinks containing 5g of sugar per 100ml and 24p on those with 8g per 100ml.Many companies have reformulated their products, often swapping artificial sweeteners for sugar. Some – like Coca-Cola – have decided to stick to the original recipe and the price will rise, although the bottles and cans will shrink to reduce the impact.
38．What do we know about the “sin taxes”?
A． They receive warm welcome in developing countries.
B． They help people get rid of unhealthy lifestyles.
C． They have the same effects on the poor and rich.
D． They have a deeper influence on groups with high income.
39．Which of the following is TRUE about the responses to “sin taxes”?
A． The public have turned a deaf ear to it.
B． The government has introduced taxes on snacks.
C． Many companies have raised the price of their products.
D． Coca-Cola will use smaller packages to counter the impacts.
40．The author support his ideas in the passage by .
A． giving examples
B． telling stories
C． analyzing causes and effects
D． reasoning and concluding
C
I’d be lying if I said a dog-like robot opening a door for another dog-like robot doesn’t creep me out. A full discussion of robot dogs is for another day, but for now, researchers studying the cognition（认知） and welfare of real dogs have a less threatening view of dogs and technology, particularly when touchscreens are involved.
Like you, animals can learn to interact with the content displayed on touchscreens, and their touch reveals something about their choice, which in turn reveals something about their mind. Animals both on and off land can be trained to use touchscreens — from chimpanzees to dogs, cats, and even dolphins, among others. Touchscreen studies have explored how and what dogs categorize, their ability to learn by
exclusion（排除）, and how they discriminate between different images. An added bonus is that, once a dog has mastered the touchscreen, humans can remove themselves from the study and can’t unconsciously give signals to the dog.
Researchers are now posing a new set of questions: are touchscreens beneficial to the user? Can touchscreens exercise the dog’s mind, in addition to serving as a window into it?
No better place to start than with older pet dogs, a group facing a unique set of challenges. Aging dogs can have reduced physical activity compared to their younger counterparts. Less attention is often given to their learning, training and other mental activities; after all, who hasn’t heard the wrong proverb, “You can’t teach an old dog new tricks.” But dog minds are not meant to be inactive. Instead, “studies point to the fact that aging seems to be slowed by mental and physical stimulation, and thus stopping these activities might actually lead to faster aging in dogs.”
Lisa Wallis and colleagues at the Senior Family Dog Project at ELTE University in Budapest are exploring the effects of touchscreens on dog physiological, behavioral, and cognitive well-being.
Their recent conference paper gives us a look at how dogs learn to use the touchscreen and the direction of future research. Over the course of a number of sessions, dogs learned that when they nose-touch a particular image on the screen, a food treat pops out. At first, only a single image appears on the screen. Once the dogs reliably learn to nose-touch the image, they move on to discrimination training where two images appear together and only one image is “correct.” Only two out of one hundred thirty dogs were unable to grasp the task, and three displayed frustration suggesting touchscreens are within the capacity of the majority of senior dogs.
Wallis and colleagues will continue investigating long-term effects of touchscreen use, but it seems promising. “The positive association to the touchscreen is so strong that on several occasions when the dog was alone (the trainer had stepped out to answer the phone), and the feeder failed, dogs continued to work on the touchscreen with no reward until the end of the session.” Owners, even those initially skeptical, were impressed by the strategies their dogs used. They also observed that dogs slept soundly upon returning home from touchscreen sessions, highlighting that mental activity can have some of the same effects as physical exercise.
Further studies will explore the effects of long-term touchscreen use on dog personality, activity levels, measures of well-being, and influence on the dog-human bond. Stay tuned.
41．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A． Animals can decide the content shown on touchscreens.
B． Animals naturally have the ability to use touchscreens.
C． People can discriminate between dogs’ abilities by exclusion.
D． People can tell dogs’ needs through their touch on the screen.
42．By using the proverb in paragraph 4, the author intends to stress .
A． aging dogs are too old to learn new skill
B． aging dogs experience a decline in energy
C． training younger dogs is more productive
D． training aging dogs is possible and beneficial
43．What is revealed by the research conducted by Lisa Wallis?
A． The dogs master the touchscreen use step by step.
B． Rewards are a must for dogs to finish the session
C． The dogs regard nose-touch as a form of physical exercise.
D． It remains to be seen whether it has a positive effect on dogs.
44．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A． How robot dogs have threatened the world.
B． How people establish better dog-human bonds.
C． How touchscreens can be employed to train dogs.
D． How long-held myths about dogs mislead people.
D
①One by one, prejudices are disappearing in the West. People may harbour private suspicions that other people’s race or sex makes them inferior—but to say so openly is totally taboo. One old prejudice remains respectable, though. Just ask a childless person.
②They are not charged to special taxes, as they were in Soviet Russia; nor are they driven from their homes, as they still are in some poor countries. The childless nonetheless come in for a lot of criticism. Some point out that non-parents are failing to produce the future workers who will pay for their pensions. Childless politicians are charged with not having a proper stake（利害关系）in society. “He talks to us about the future, but he doesn’t have children!” complained Jean-Marie Le Pen, co-founder of the National Front party, of Emmanuel Macron, who went on to win the French presidency. Similar attacks on Theresa May and Angela Merkel also failed—but researchers find that many voters quietly agree.
③The charges against the childless should be thrown out, along with other social prejudice. In many rich countries, between 15% and 20% of women, and a slightly higher proportion of men, will not have children. The share is rising. Some have medical problems; others do not meet the right person in time; still others decide they do not want them. Whatever the cause, the attacks on the childless are baseless.
④If non-breeders are selfish, they have a strange way of showing it. They are more likely to set up charitable foundations than people with children, and much more likely to donate money to good causes. According to one American estimate, the mere fact of not having children raises the amount a person leaves to charity by a little over $10,000. The childless are thus a small but useful counterweight to the world’s parents, who stop social immobility by passing on their social and economic advantages to their children.
⑤The fact that so many senior politicians lack offspring（子孙）ought to put to rest the idea that they do not care for society. Five of the G7 countries are led by childless men and women. Mr. Macron, Mrs. May, Mrs. Merkel, Shinzo Abe and Paolo Gentiloni have their faults, but they are not notably less able than Justin Trudeau (who has three children) let alone Donald Trump (who has five). Their opportunities for nepotism（裙带关系）are limited. And they spare their countries dynastic politics.
⑥The charge that childless people fail to pull their weight in population is correct, but is less serious than it appears. Those who do not have children do put pressure on public pension systems. Governments have to do unpopular things like making pensions less generous, as Japan has done, or accepting more immigrants, as some Western countries have done. But to sustain （ 维 持 ） public pensions in the long term, countries do not actually need more parents. What they need instead is more babies. It is possible to combine a high rate of childlessness with a high birth rate, provided people who become parents have more than one or two children. That was the pattern in many Western countries a century ago. Ireland, yet another country with a childless leader, still manages it today.
⑦The childless also do everyone else a favour by creating wonderful works of art. British novelists have been especially likely to have no offspring: think of Hilary Mantel, P.G. Wodehouse and the Brontë sisters. In September last year Britain put Jane Austen on its ten-pound note. That decision has was controversial, though it was hard to see why. Few people have written as shrewdly（出神入化）about money or about families—even though Austen did not marry, and had no children.
45．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?
A． The childless often get punished in society.
B． The childless often come under sharp criticism.
C． Most successful politicians have no children
D． Childlessness affects the result of an election.
46．The childless are prejudiced because people think the childless .
A． have a strange way to show selfishness
B． set a bad example for young people
C． are not as able as those with children
D． are the government’s financial burden
47．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refer to?
A． Accepting more immigrants.
B． Reducing the pensions for the aged.
C． Encouraging parents to have more children.
D． Supporting the political leaders with no children.
48．What is the author’s attitude towards the childless?
A． Understanding B． Skeptical
C． Disappointed D． Reserved
49．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (①to⑦ represent Paragraphs 1 to 7)
A． B．
C． D．
50．What is the best title for the passage?
A． In defence of the childless
B． In hope of having a child or not
C． Reasons for not having children
D． Measures to address aging problems
第II卷（非选择题）
四、任务型阅读
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案谢在答题纸上相应题号的横线上，每个空格只填一个单词。
Hearing loss, that’s an older person’s problem, right? Think again. Noise, not age, is the leading cause of hearing loss. While hearing problems are common among older folks, damage from everyday noise is growing among younger Americans, including those in their teens and 20s.
The latest research from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP) shows some 40 million Americans ages 20 to 69 suffering hearing damage from everyday loud noise, including heavy traffic, noisy restaurants, rock concerts, sporting events and loud music via earbuds(耳塞). Among 12- to 19-year-olds, researchers estimate some 17 percent show evidence of noise-induced hearing loss in one or both ears. Worse, many Americans don’t even realize their hearing has been affected.
In the CDCP’s analysis of more than 3,500 hearing tests, one out of four adults claimed their hearing was just fine and reported no job-related noise, yet hearing tests indicated they already had noise-induced hearing loss. This type of damage causes a alarming drop in the ability to hear high-pitched sounds, and it was evident in those as young as 20.
“We have government standards in the workplace to protect workers from noise, but nothing protects you from a society getting noisier every year,” says audiologist Jack Scott, of the Center for Audiology, Speech, Language, and Learning at Northwestern University. Even in protected parks and wildlife areas, a recent study found that noise pollution from traffic, logging and drilling has doubled, drowning out the natural sounds of birds and rushing water.
Sarah Sydlowski, the audiology director of the hearing implant program at the Cleveland Clinic, puts the problem this way: “The baby boomer generation is dealing with skin cancer from the tanning they did as teens. This generation will have to deal with the consequences of noise exposure that damaged their hearing.” Many young adults don’t realize that hearing loss is permanent. When loud noise kills the sensitive inner-ear cells that allow us to hear, they don’t regenerate. “The hearing you have when you’re born is all you get. Those cells can’t be replaced,” says Sydlowski says. “And the damage is cumulative（累积的）,” adds Scott. The more often the ears are exposed to damaging noise, the more cells die, leading to damaged hearing day by day.
Part of the reason hearing damage is showing up earlier is today’s improved portable devices. The sound level 28 years ago from the Walkman, with its weak headphones, was much lower than today’s high-fidelity smartphones with earbuds that deliver louder sound much closer to the eardrum. A study that compared hearing tests of teens found the levels of mild hearing loss jumped 30 percent. But don’t just blame the earbuds, says Sydlowski. People underestimate what a safe level of sound is, “especially when they’re already in a noisy environment.” Both she and Scott say a common problem among their younger patients is turning up the sound in their earbuds to mask the noise around them.
To protect your hearing, follow these tips:
Turn down the volume. If you’re listening to music through your earbuds, “any volume level higher than 50 percent is risky,” says Sydlowki.
Limit your exposure. Do not attend fitness classes with deafening music (or at least move away from the speakers, advises Sydlowski) and sports stadiums with ear-splitting crowd noise.
51．_________________
52．_________________
53．_________________
54．_________________
55．_________________
56．_________________
57．_________________
58．_________________
59．_________________
60．_________________
五、读写任务
61．请认真阅读下面有关“有声读物”（audio books）的图表及相关文字，并按照要求用 英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。
An audio book is a recording of a text being read. Audio books are considered a valuable tool. Digital innovation isn’t just changing the way audio books are created, packaged and sold. It’s starting to reshape the way readers consume literature.
Like many young people, Tony Chou, a 25-year-old software engineer in Shanghai, never used to read much. He barely cracked a book in college and would read one or two a year on vacation, at most. But in the past year, he’s finished 10 books. He listens to audio in pieces throughout the day on his iPhone during his morning workout, on his 20-minute-trip to work, and while he’s cooking dinner or cleaning up. Before he falls asleep, he switches to an e-book of the same story on his Kindle, and starts reading right where the narrator left off.
（写作内容）
1.用约 30 个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；
2.阅读有声读物受欢迎的原因（不少于两点）；
3.联系实际，谈谈你愿意读传统读物还是有声读物，并简述理由。
（写作要求）
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3，不必写标题。
（评分标准） 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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2019届江苏南京高三零模学情调研
英 语 答 案
1．A
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。由题干可知，改题只需判断动作与谓语的先后关系：有着薰衣草花海的迷人风貌，谷里变成了南京著名的旅游景点。由此可知，表述一般的情况，BC表示将来，D表示已经，只有A表示一般情况，故选A。
2．C
【解析】
考查动词短语的辨析。根据句意：刚刚我撞见了Tayor Swift（著名歌手），我有点激动（失去控制力）。A. Given up放弃；B. have their hands up举起手来； C. carried away拿走，失去自制力；D. driven away赶走，离开。故选C。
3．D
【解析】
考查谚语辨析。句意：西班牙国家足球队是如此卓越以致于能够把我们打败。A. get their hands dirty亲自动手；B. have their hands full忙的不可开交； C. lay their hands on us找到某人或某物；D. beat us hands down 打败某人。故选D。
4．A
【解析】
考查动词辨析。句意：多么幸运呀！斯皮尔伯格（美国著名导演）的下一部电影中获得主演的角色。A. landed 着陆；B. lost失去；C. arranged安排；D. accepted接受。故选A。
5．B
【解析】
考查介词短语的辨析。句意：根据他们对待家养动物的方式。A. in need of 需要；B. in view of以---看来，考虑到；C. in search of 寻找；D. in favour of支持。故选B。
6．D
【解析】
考查定语从句。首先根据选项内容初步判断为三大从句之名从或定从，横线引导从句，主句不缺成分：定从或同位语。顾后：定从中不缺成分找关系副词，排除A与C。瞻前：先行词是a culture，抽象地点名词，因此选D。句意：这个公司需要创造一种文化，在这种文化中，人们认为忙里偷闲也是可以的。故选D。
7．C
【解析】
考查形容词以及短语辨析。句意：如果我们仅仅专注于我们未来想成为的样子，我们可能会对沿途的机会视而不见。 A.be equal to等于，胜任；B. be closeto靠近，接近；C. be blind to对---不了解；D. be open to对---开放。故选C。
8．D
【解析】
考查副词的辨析。句意：你说你是无辜的，但是我们也有充足的理由在其他方面作考虑。A. twice两次，两倍；B. over结束，越过；C. aloud 大声地；D. otherwise否则，另外。故选D。
9．B
【解析】
考查名词。句意：北京的网站是中国园林设计创意艺术的杰出表现。A. distinction区别；B. expression表情；C. inspiration灵感；D. evaluation评估。故选B。
10．A
【解析】
考查动词。句意：公司开始在伦敦增加专辑的销量。A. expanding扩大；B. exploring探索； C. exporting 出口；D. expecting期盼。故选A。
11．A
【解析】
考查宾语从句。句意：看到北京2022年如何利用其潜力最大限度地利用现有场馆，这是非常令人鼓舞的。A. how如何，怎样；B. why为什么；C. when什么时候；D. whether是否。故选A.
12．D
【解析】
考查过去完成时态的被动语态。句意：威尔斯先生被扶上了讲台，接受了这个奖项，他看起来就像是被闪电击中了一样。此处as if（好像）引导方式状语从句，用虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，用过去完成时态，且主语he和strike之间是被动关系，故答案为D。
13．B
【解析】
考查连词。句意：经过40年的改革开放，中国在成为“发达经济体”之前还有很长的路要走。A. until直到---为止；B. before在---之前；C. after在---之后；D. unless除非。故选B。
14．C
【解析】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：上海合作组织的成立，已经得到了广泛的认可和赞誉，旨在建立友好的国际关系。此处which引导定语从句，The founding of Shanghai Cooperation Organization是主语，单数第三人称形式，结合句意定语从句用现在完成时态，故选C。
15．C
【解析】
考查情景交际。句意：——看这样一场无聊的比赛真是浪费时间！——我也这么认为。为什么不换台呢？A. It’s no big deal没什么了不起的；B. With your permission未经许可； C. My feelings exactly我也这么认为；D. You’ve got to be kidding你一定是在开玩笑吧。故选C。
16．B
17．A
18．D
19．A
20．B
21．A
22．B
23．D
24．C
25．A
26．C
27．A
28．C
29．B
30．D
31．C
32．D
33．B
34．A
35．C
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。野花在山上的草地上是大自然的馈赠，主人公小时候就在大自然的陪伴下找到快乐，现在长大上了大学，在大学里又一次找到了大自然的快乐。主人公说服总统去提出高速公路美化倡议。因此每当我们在高速公路上旅行的时候，都能看到路边美丽的风景，这点亮了我们的旅行。
16．考查名词。A. streets街道；B. highways高速公路；C. roads公路；D. lanes线路。根据后文倒数第三段可知，这些野花还盛开在高速公路的两边。故选B。
17．考查名词。A. helper帮助者；B. discoverer发现者；C. creator创造者； D. protector保护器。根据后文可知，主人公帮助大自然让这些野花盛开。故选A。
18．考查名词。A. liberty自由；B. traffic 交通；C. justice正义；D. beauty美丽。根据后文倒数第三段中“America the Beautiful”可知本空应该是“美”，故选D。
19．考查形容词。A. lonely 孤独的，荒凉的；B. exciting令人兴奋的； C. happy高兴的；D. disappointed失望的。根据后文描述，主人公妈妈去世，爸爸忙于上班，哥哥在外地求学，只剩下主人公一个人，很孤独。故选A。
20．考查动词。A. wasted浪费；B. spent花费，度过；C. found发现； D. killed杀死。主人公的爸爸整日忙于上班，固定搭配：sb. spend time sth./doing sth.故选B。
21．考查连词。根据后文描述，主人公妈妈去世，爸爸忙于上班，哥哥在外地求学，只剩下主人公一个人，很孤独。因此只能把自己的孤独向大自然排遣，寻求大自然的陪伴。故选A。
22．考查名词。A. aid援助；B. company公司；C. rescue营救；D. happiness高兴。根据小题6的解析，可知主人公很孤独，只能寻求大自然的陪伴。故选B。
23．考查动词。A. ignored忽视；B. scared使害怕；C. troubled使烦恼 ；D. failed失败。Sth. fail sb.某事使某人失败。故选D。
24．考查副词。A. Absolutely绝对地；B. Naturally自然地；C. Again又，再； D. Often经常。根据前文可知，主人公小时候就在大自然的陪伴下找到快乐，现在长大上了大学，在大学里又一次找到了大自然的快乐。故选C。
25．考查名词。A. date日期；B. try尝试；C. vote投票；D. appearance外貌。propose意为求婚，date意为约会，在他们第一次约会就求婚了，故选A。
26．C考查动词。A. shapes使成形；B. serves服务；C. selects选择；D. supports支持。根据后文，主人公说这个唯一的男人选择了第一夫人。故选C。
27．考查形容词。A. unlikely不太可能的；B. unnecessary不必要的； C. unusual不寻常的；D. uncertain不确定的。当这个男人求婚的时候，他不可能想到这个女人就是后来的第一夫人，很多学生会误选D项uncertain，根据我们刚才的分析，把这句话翻译成中文自然意思就明了了。故选A。
28．考查形容词。A. sudden突然的；B. complete完整的；C. gradual逐渐的； D. final最后的。由于土地发展和污染，“America the Beautiful”正在逐渐消失，故选C。
29．考查动词。A. warned警告；B. persuade 规劝；C. forced强迫； D. ordered命令。persuade sb. to do sth.主人公说服总统去提出高速公路美化倡议。故选B。
30．考查动词。A. lengthen加长；B. widen加宽；C. monitor监控； D. landscape对---做景观美化。Landscape名词做动词，意为美化，故选D。
31．考查动词词组。A. let out 放出，泄露；B. found out找出，发现；C. pointed out指出；D. figured out解决，想出。根据本句句意，主人公指出后面的的观点，故选C。
32．考查动词。A. visited 拜访；B. left离开；C. passed通过；D. crossed交叉。这里运用了拟人的说法，野花比如蒲公英可以通过粘在火车车轮上，甚至是躲在孩子们的口袋里，传播遍及整个国家。此题不少同学会选A，visit意为参观，本句重点强调野花可以通过各种日常生活中的媒介传播遍及整个国家。故选D。
33．考查副词。A. then然后；B. even甚至；C. yet已经；D. still仍然。这里运用了拟人的说法，野花比如蒲公英可以通过粘在火车车轮上，甚至是躲在孩子们的口袋里，传播遍及整个国家。故选B。
34．考查名词。A. wildflowers野花；B. wagons手推车；C. roadsides路边； D. travels旅行。主旨题，根据全文可知此空为wildflowers，故选A。
35．考查动词。A. decide决定；B. guide引导；C. brighten使闪亮；D. shorten缩短。根据全文可知，主人公说服总统去提出高速公路美化倡议，因此每当我们在高速公路上旅行的时候，都能看到路边美丽的风景，这点亮了我们的旅行。故选C。
【点睛】
完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。本题第3小题，根据后文倒数第三段中“America the Beautiful”可知本空应该是“美”。
36．C
37．D
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是美国人民的食物缺乏情况。
36．细节理解题。根据表格中18.7% of Mississippipians are food insecure （Highest rate of all states）可知，在美国所有的州中，密西西比州的粮食不安全状况最为严重。故选C。
37．主旨大意题。文章主要讲的是美国人民的食物缺乏情况，表格右侧一列和最后一行都在呼吁人们为解决食物缺乏做出一些贡献，故选D。A选项说的是警告；B选项是帮助贫苦人民脱离贫困；C选项说的是通知，均不符合题意。
38．B
39．D
40．A
【解析】
本文是一篇议论文。这篇文章在论述的是：增加某些垃圾食品的税收可以帮助人们改掉一些不好的生活习惯。
38．细节理解题。对每个选项的内容进行对比。根据第三段第一句On the other hand, taxes have a greater impact on the smaller household budgets of poorer families. They respond by buying less, with greater benefits for their health.根据本句提示可知在一些收入较低家庭，这个税收帮助他们减少垃圾食品的购买，从而保护了自身健康；而人们之所以拒绝购买是因为税收提高迫使他们这么做，易错点A选项warm welcome则表示人们是自觉自愿地去拒绝，因此错误；而C和D根据本句也可以排除。故选B。
39．细节理解题。根据第1小题及文章，人们对此是有相应的行为变化的，人们减少了这些食品的购买，所以排除；B选项根据第二段，某些国家只是将taxes on sugary drinks介绍进他们的国家，B选项以偏概全；C选项错在have raised，文章中只是讲到作者在调查税收提高对国家的影响，文章中并没有明确指出国家增加商品价格；D选项定位到原文的最后一段最后一句中，故选D。
40．作者观点题。文章作者提出自己的观点，增加某些垃圾食品的税收可以帮助人们改掉一些不好的生活习惯，后文中的分段都是在论证自己的观点，因此答案选择A（作者通过举例子的方法论证）。
41．D
42．D
43．A
44．C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是“如何使用触摸屏来训练狗狗。”
41．细节理解题。可以采用排除法去做。A选项decide明显不对，动物不能决定触摸屏上出现的东西；B选项naturally不对，根据第二段第三行trained可知，动物的这种触屏能力不是天生的；C选项人们可以用排除法来区分狗的能力与原文中their ability to learn by Exclusion信息不符合；D选项人们可以通过动物的触屏行为来了解他们的需求可以在第二段开头Like you, animals can learn to interact with the content displayed on touchscreens, and their touch reveals something about their choice, which in turn reveals something about their mind.中得到印证。故选D。
42．推理判断题。根据文中“studies point to the fact that aging seems to be slowed by mental and physical stimulation, and thus stopping these activities might actually lead to faster aging in dogs.”脑力和体力上的刺激能够延缓衰老，因此训练的过程对于老狗来说是有益的且也是可能的。故选D。
43．推理判断题。根据文章第六段中At first, only a single image appears on the screen. Once the dogs reliably learn to nose-touch the image, they move on to discrimination training where two images appear together and only one image is “correct.”能够判断出研究者在屏幕上放一张图像，而后又放两张图像让狗判断正误。由此可以推断出研究者是循序渐进地让狗掌握触屏使用。根据第七段第四行中with no reward until the end of the session.可以排除B答案；根据第七段最后一行中mental activity can have some of the same effects as physical exercise.可以排除C答案；根据第七段第二行可以排除D。故选A。
44．主旨大意题。抓住本文的两个关键点“狗和触屏”可以直接选出C答案。根据全文及最后一段中的Further studies will explore the effects of long-term touchscreen use on dog可以判断出C答案。A/B/D基本与原文没有关系。故选C。
【点睛】
概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。本题第4小题，抓住本文的两个关键点“狗和触屏”可以直接选出C答案。根据全文及最后一段中的Further studies will explore the effects of long-term touchscreen use on dog可以判断出C答案。A/B/D基本与原文没有关系。
45．B
46．D
47．C
48．A
49．B
50．A
【解析】
本文是一篇议论文。主要描述的是丁克一族在社会上受到的一些偏见和批判，并为无子女的人辩护。
45．段落大意题。根据第二段第2、3行可知，这一段主要描述的是丁克一族在社会上受到的一些偏见和批判。A选项的语言过度夸大了这种现象；C、D选项只是这一段当中提到的某个方面，并不能概括这一段的内容。故选B。
46．细节理解题。根据第二段第三行和第六段第二行可知，丁克一族没有子女为他们支付养老金，从而增加了政府的经济负担，因此D项符合题意。A项位于文章第四段的第一句，只是一种假设，与文章主旨相矛盾；B项并未在文章中提及；第四段最后一句话和第五、七段的举例说明丁克一族在某些方面不逊色于寻常父母，甚至比他们更优秀，所以C项不正确，故选D。
47．词义指代题。爱尔兰的领导人虽然是丁克，但是这个国家却把it运用的很好。通过it所在的句子位置可知it所指代的内容在前文中，因此锁定范围It is possible ---a century ago.前文中的pattern指的就是将高的丁克率和高出生率相结合，鼓励父母多生育。故选C。
48．推理判断题。通过第三段的第一句话和最后一段的第一句话作者认为社会对于丁克一族的指控和偏见应该被消除，而且他们对社会的贡献是客观存在的，因此可以判断作者对于丁克一族的态度是理解体谅的。故选A。
49．宏观结构题。文章1、2两段描述的是丁克一族受到偏见的社会现象，第3段是作者对这一现象的看法，第4、5、6、7段当中，作者分别通过丁克一族在慈善、政治能力、人口增长、艺术贡献方面的作用举例论证。故选B。
50．主旨题。根据第5小题文章的结构可以推断出，作者是在为受到偏见的丁克一族做辩护，并举例进行论证。C选项的表述过于片面；B/D偏离主旨。故选A。
【点睛】
代词指代题要求同学们根据语境的逻辑关系、判断画线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象，包括考查it（指动物，无生命的事物、特定的事件或人），they/them(指代人、物、事件的复数名词)，he/she等人称代词的指代意义，以及指示代词this，that，these，those等在文章中的指代意义，考查同学们对文章中叙述特定的人，物，事件的认知能力。解答这类题时，同学们要认真阅读画线词所在句和前后临近句的内容，分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程，理清来龙去脉和前后的因果关系，从而准确推断其指代的对象。例如，在第3小题中，爱尔兰的领导人虽然是丁克，但是这个国家却把it运用的很好。通过it所在的句子位置可知it所指代的内容在前文中，因此锁定范围It is possible ---a century ago.前文中的pattern指的就是将高的丁克率和高出生率相结合，鼓励父母多生育。
51．situation
52．contributes/leads
53．trend
54．unaware/unconscious
55．protected/protection
56．heard
57．allowing/enabling
58．responsible
59．causing
60．Avoiding
【解析】
【分析】
本文是最新研究结果。噪音，而不是年龄，是听力损失的主要原因。虽然听力问题在老年人中很常见，但在年轻的美国人中，日常噪音的损害正在增加，包括那些十几岁和二十几岁的人。文章分析了听力受损的原因以及保护听力的方法。
51．概括总结。根据第一段进行概括当前形势，故答案为situation。
52．细节定位。根据第一段第二句leading cause of转化得出，故答案为contributes/leads。
53．概括总结。根据第一段最后一句is growing和problems are common可知答案为trend。
54．细节定位。根据第二段最后一句don’t even realize---，可以推断出，动词和形容词短语的转化。故答案为unaware/unconscious。
55．细节定位。第四段第一句nothing protects---转化得出。故答案为protected/protection。
56．细节定位。第四段最后一句drowning out the natural sounds---，故答案为heard。
57．细节定位。根据第五段倒数第四句that allow us to hear---，可知答案为allowing/enabling。
58．概括总结。第六段前两句可得知因果关系，故答案为responsible。
59．概括总结。根据第六段第3、4、5句句意得知前面的现象造成后面的危害，同时考查非谓语语法和搭配。故答案为causing。
60．细节定位。根据最后一段Do not attend---，可以推出答案为Avoiding。
61．In recent years, audio books have been gaining popularity at an amazing speed. Many users have developed a habit of listening to books, which contributes to the rapid expansion of the audio book market.
There are a variety of reasons accounting for this trend. First, the great convenience brought about by audio books makes them appealing to many people, as they can enjoy books regardless of time, location or noise level. Besides, audio books are easily available because people are allowed to download audio books free online. Moreover, for those with special needs, such as the blind, audio books are fantastic innovation.
Personally, I prefer to read print books. Print books can give you unique experiences that audio books cannot offer. I can read at my own pace, stopping wherever I like to reflect on some enlightening sentences.
Furthermore, it’s much easier to quickly find what i want in a print book-especially something like a dictionary.
In short, print books are still my first choice.（167 字）
【解析】
本文是一篇任务型写作。共分两个任务：1.用约 30 个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；
2.阅读有声读物受欢迎的原因（不少于两点）；3.联系实际，谈谈你愿意读传统读物还是有声读物，并简述理由。注意完成第一任务时，语言使用应简练、准确、到位。在第二个任务中，应涵盖题目所列出的要点。本文应主要使用一般现在时态。写作过程中注意使用平时学到的短语和句型，注意行文的连贯和逻辑性。
【点睛】
本文是一篇任务型写作，文章主次分明，详略得当，语言准确、简洁，符合题目要求。同时句中使用高级句子。First, the great convenience brought about by audio books makes them appealing to many people, as they can enjoy books regardless of time, location or noise level.句中使用过去分词做后置定语，且as引导原因状语从句；Print books can give you unique experiences that audio books cannot offer. 句中使用定语从句；I can read at my own pace, stopping wherever I like to reflect on some enlightening sentences.句中运用wherever引导的地点状语从句；另外，In recent years, Besides, Moreover, Personally, Furthermore, In short,等的运用为文章增色添彩。
英 语
注意事项：
1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第I卷（选择题）
一、 单项选择
1．_______a striking look with a sea of lavender flowers, Guli has become a famous attraction in Nanjing.
A． Wearing B． To wear
C． To be wearing D． Having won
2．---What’s up, Kim? You look very excited!
---Sorry, just a moment ago I ran into Tayor Swift so I was a bit .
A． Given up B． have their hands up
C． carried away D． driven away
3．The Spanish National Football Team is such a superb one that they can .
A． get their hands dirty B． have their hands full
C． lay their hands on us D． beat us hands down
4．What a lucky dog! He’s just a starring role in Spielberg’s next movie.
A． landed B． lost
C． arranged D． accepted
5．Some animal protectors are seen as being two-faced about animal welfare the way they treat domestic animals.
A． in need of B． in view of
C． in search of D． in favour of
6．The company needs to develop a culture people see that’s OK to take time off.
A． that B． when
C． which D． where
7．If we just focus on how we want the future to be, we may be to opportunities along the way.
A． equal B． close
C． blind D． open
8．You say you are innocent, but we have good reasons to think .
A． twice B． over
C． aloud D． otherwise
9．The site in Beijing is an outstanding of the creative art of Chinese garden design.
A． distinction B． expression
C． inspiration D． evaluation
10．HMV’s rise started with the pop music revolution of the 1960s, when the company began its album sales in London.
A． expanding B． exploring
C． exporting D． expecting
11．It is very encouraging to see Beijing 2022 is using its potential to maximize the use of existing stadiums.
A． how B． why
C． when D． whether
12．Mr. Wills, who was being helped up onto the platform to take the prize, looked as if he by lightning.
A． was just struck B． were just struck
C． would just be struck D． had just been struck
13．After 40 years of reform and opening-up, China still has a long way to go it becomes a “developed economy”.
A． until B． before
C． after D． unless
14．The founding of Shanghai Cooperation Organization, which widely recognized and praised, aims to build friendly international relations.
A． .was B． were
C． has been D． had been
15．---What a waste of time to watch such a boring match！
--- . Why not switch the channel?
A． It’s no big deal B． With your permission
C． My feelings exactly D． You’ve got to be kidding
二、完形填空
Wildflowers in a mountain meadow are a gift of nature. But what about those wildflowers blooming along busy___16___? Well, nature had a____17___.
Claudia Alta “Lady Bird” Johnson, the wife of our thirty-sixth President, Lyndon B． Johnson wanted ___18___to be a national priority.
As a little girl growing up in “deep east Texas,” wildflowers helped her get through___19___times. Her mother had died when she was five, and her father___20_____most of his time at the general store he owned. Her older brothers were away at school, ___21___ Lady Bird turned to nature for ___22___. “Nature was my friend and my teacher,” she says. “It was a joy to me, and it’s never____23____ me.”
After high school, Lady Bird left home for the University of Texas in Austin. ____24___ she found joy in nature—in the vast quantities of Texas bluebonnets（德克萨斯州羽扇豆）. It was there that Lady Bird met and fell in love with Lyndon B． Johnson. He proposed to her on their first ____25____.
“The whole country ___26___ the President,” Lady Bird said, “but only one man selects the First Lady—and it is highly____27___ that he was thinking of her as First Lady when he proposed!”
When she got to know the ___28____ disappearance of “America the Beautiful” due to land development and pollution, Lady Bird ____29____ the President to propose a Highway Beautification Act that allocated money to ____30___roadsides. The act was passed in 1965.
Lady Bird ___31____ that many wildflowers, like people, were immigrants. “They ____32____ the nation on the wheels of covered wagons, perhaps ___33___ in the pockets of children.”
Lady Bird is certainly our First Lady of___34___. She has made us see that highways can be beautiful.
She is the reason why wildflowers now____35____our travels through almost every state.
16．A． streets B． highways C． roads D． lanes
17．A． helper B． discoverer C． creator D． protector
18．A． liberty B． traffic C． justice D． beauty
19．A． lonely B． exciting C． happy D． disappointed
20．A． wasted B． spent C． found D． killed
21．A． so B． but C． or D． for
22．A． aid B． company C． rescue D． happiness
23．A． ignored B． scared C． troubled D． failed
24．A． Absolutely B． Naturally C． Again D． Often
25．A． date B． try C． vote D． appearance
26．A． shapes B． serves C． selects D． supports
27．A． unlikely B． unnecessary C． unusual D． uncertain
28．A． sudden B． complete C． gradual D． final
29．A． warned B． persuade C． forced D． ordered
30．A． lengthen B． widen C． monitor D． landscape
31．A． let out B． found out C． pointed out D． figured out
32．A． visited B． left C． passed D． crossed
33．A． then B． even C． yet D． still
34．A． wildflowers B． wagons C． roadsides D． travels
35．A． decide B． guide C． brighten D． shorten
三、阅读理解
A
36．According to the passage, which of the following is TERE?
A． Those Americans who live above the poverty line won’t go hungry.
B． 13 million American children are food insecure for lack of transportation.
C． Among all the states in the USA, food insecurity in Mississippi is severest.
D． Neighborhood banks have no additional requirements for food packaging.
37．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A． To warn readers against dangers of insecure food.
B． To urge readers to help the poor out of poverty.
C． To inform readers of the severe food shortage in America.
D． To advocate readers contributing to food relief in America.
B
So called “sin taxes” on sugary drinks, alcohol and tobacco not only work, but will help rather than improperly punish the poor, according to a major new international analysis.
Just a day before the UK brings in a levy on sugary drinks, experts are urging every country in the world to use taxes to keep people from the eating, drinking and smoking habits that will damage their health. The experts analyzed the effects of taxes on sugary drinks, tabacco and alcohol in countries that have introduced them and found that the criticism that they are punishing the poorest in unfounded.
Experts did a survey. They looked at 13 countries: Chile, Guatemala, Panama, Nicaragua, Albania, Poland, Turkey, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Niger, Nigeria, India and Timor-Leste. They found that wealthier families generally spend more on alcohol, soft drinks and snacks. In India, for instance, wealthier households spent seven times more on alcohol and three times more on soft drinks and snacks compared to poorer households. So those households end up paying a larger proportion of any tax.
On the other hand, taxes have a greater impact on the smaller household budgets of poorer families. They respond by buying less, with greater benefits for their health. In the UK, say the authors, the response to the possible introduction of a minimum price for alcohol was estimated to be 7.6 times larger in the poorest households, compared with the wealthiest.
In Mexico, the introduction of a sugary drinks tax resulted in an average of 4.2 litres less of soft drinks purchased per person, with a 17% decrease in purchases among lower income groups and almost no change in higher income groups. In Lebanon, they say, a 50% increase in the price of cigarettes would lead to twice as many people quitting smoking in poorer households as wealthy families.
“The evidence suggests that concerns about higher taxes on tobacco, alcohol, and soft drinks harming the poor are overstated,” said Dr. Rachel Nugent from RTI International in Seattle, USA, and chair of the Lancet Taskforce on NCDs and economics.
“Some degree of taxation on tobacco is common in many countries, and while we are starting to see progress on alcohol taxes, there is much more governments should be doing – in both high and low income countries – to consider the careful introduction of taxes on other unhealthy products like soft drinks and snacks. Price policies such as taxes will be a key part of the response to rising rates of non-communicable
diseases(慢性非传染病).”
The UK sugar tax is a levy on the manufacturers of 18p per litre for drinks containing 5g of sugar per 100ml and 24p on those with 8g per 100ml.Many companies have reformulated their products, often swapping artificial sweeteners for sugar. Some – like Coca-Cola – have decided to stick to the original recipe and the price will rise, although the bottles and cans will shrink to reduce the impact.
38．What do we know about the “sin taxes”?
A． They receive warm welcome in developing countries.
B． They help people get rid of unhealthy lifestyles.
C． They have the same effects on the poor and rich.
D． They have a deeper influence on groups with high income.
39．Which of the following is TRUE about the responses to “sin taxes”?
A． The public have turned a deaf ear to it.
B． The government has introduced taxes on snacks.
C． Many companies have raised the price of their products.
D． Coca-Cola will use smaller packages to counter the impacts.
40．The author support his ideas in the passage by .
A． giving examples
B． telling stories
C． analyzing causes and effects
D． reasoning and concluding
C
I’d be lying if I said a dog-like robot opening a door for another dog-like robot doesn’t creep me out. A full discussion of robot dogs is for another day, but for now, researchers studying the cognition（认知） and welfare of real dogs have a less threatening view of dogs and technology, particularly when touchscreens are involved.
Like you, animals can learn to interact with the content displayed on touchscreens, and their touch reveals something about their choice, which in turn reveals something about their mind. Animals both on and off land can be trained to use touchscreens — from chimpanzees to dogs, cats, and even dolphins, among others. Touchscreen studies have explored how and what dogs categorize, their ability to learn by
exclusion（排除）, and how they discriminate between different images. An added bonus is that, once a dog has mastered the touchscreen, humans can remove themselves from the study and can’t unconsciously give signals to the dog.
Researchers are now posing a new set of questions: are touchscreens beneficial to the user? Can touchscreens exercise the dog’s mind, in addition to serving as a window into it?
No better place to start than with older pet dogs, a group facing a unique set of challenges. Aging dogs can have reduced physical activity compared to their younger counterparts. Less attention is often given to their learning, training and other mental activities; after all, who hasn’t heard the wrong proverb, “You can’t teach an old dog new tricks.” But dog minds are not meant to be inactive. Instead, “studies point to the fact that aging seems to be slowed by mental and physical stimulation, and thus stopping these activities might actually lead to faster aging in dogs.”
Lisa Wallis and colleagues at the Senior Family Dog Project at ELTE University in Budapest are exploring the effects of touchscreens on dog physiological, behavioral, and cognitive well-being.
Their recent conference paper gives us a look at how dogs learn to use the touchscreen and the direction of future research. Over the course of a number of sessions, dogs learned that when they nose-touch a particular image on the screen, a food treat pops out. At first, only a single image appears on the screen. Once the dogs reliably learn to nose-touch the image, they move on to discrimination training where two images appear together and only one image is “correct.” Only two out of one hundred thirty dogs were unable to grasp the task, and three displayed frustration suggesting touchscreens are within the capacity of the majority of senior dogs.
Wallis and colleagues will continue investigating long-term effects of touchscreen use, but it seems promising. “The positive association to the touchscreen is so strong that on several occasions when the dog was alone (the trainer had stepped out to answer the phone), and the feeder failed, dogs continued to work on the touchscreen with no reward until the end of the session.” Owners, even those initially skeptical, were impressed by the strategies their dogs used. They also observed that dogs slept soundly upon returning home from touchscreen sessions, highlighting that mental activity can have some of the same effects as physical exercise.
Further studies will explore the effects of long-term touchscreen use on dog personality, activity levels, measures of well-being, and influence on the dog-human bond. Stay tuned.
41．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A． Animals can decide the content shown on touchscreens.
B． Animals naturally have the ability to use touchscreens.
C． People can discriminate between dogs’ abilities by exclusion.
D． People can tell dogs’ needs through their touch on the screen.
42．By using the proverb in paragraph 4, the author intends to stress .
A． aging dogs are too old to learn new skill
B． aging dogs experience a decline in energy
C． training younger dogs is more productive
D． training aging dogs is possible and beneficial
43．What is revealed by the research conducted by Lisa Wallis?
A． The dogs master the touchscreen use step by step.
B． Rewards are a must for dogs to finish the session
C． The dogs regard nose-touch as a form of physical exercise.
D． It remains to be seen whether it has a positive effect on dogs.
44．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A． How robot dogs have threatened the world.
B． How people establish better dog-human bonds.
C． How touchscreens can be employed to train dogs.
D． How long-held myths about dogs mislead people.
D
①One by one, prejudices are disappearing in the West. People may harbour private suspicions that other people’s race or sex makes them inferior—but to say so openly is totally taboo. One old prejudice remains respectable, though. Just ask a childless person.
②They are not charged to special taxes, as they were in Soviet Russia; nor are they driven from their homes, as they still are in some poor countries. The childless nonetheless come in for a lot of criticism. Some point out that non-parents are failing to produce the future workers who will pay for their pensions. Childless politicians are charged with not having a proper stake（利害关系）in society. “He talks to us about the future, but he doesn’t have children!” complained Jean-Marie Le Pen, co-founder of the National Front party, of Emmanuel Macron, who went on to win the French presidency. Similar attacks on Theresa May and Angela Merkel also failed—but researchers find that many voters quietly agree.
③The charges against the childless should be thrown out, along with other social prejudice. In many rich countries, between 15% and 20% of women, and a slightly higher proportion of men, will not have children. The share is rising. Some have medical problems; others do not meet the right person in time; still others decide they do not want them. Whatever the cause, the attacks on the childless are baseless.
④If non-breeders are selfish, they have a strange way of showing it. They are more likely to set up charitable foundations than people with children, and much more likely to donate money to good causes. According to one American estimate, the mere fact of not having children raises the amount a person leaves to charity by a little over $10,000. The childless are thus a small but useful counterweight to the world’s parents, who stop social immobility by passing on their social and economic advantages to their children.
⑤The fact that so many senior politicians lack offspring（子孙）ought to put to rest the idea that they do not care for society. Five of the G7 countries are led by childless men and women. Mr. Macron, Mrs. May, Mrs. Merkel, Shinzo Abe and Paolo Gentiloni have their faults, but they are not notably less able than Justin Trudeau (who has three children) let alone Donald Trump (who has five). Their opportunities for nepotism（裙带关系）are limited. And they spare their countries dynastic politics.
⑥The charge that childless people fail to pull their weight in population is correct, but is less serious than it appears. Those who do not have children do put pressure on public pension systems. Governments have to do unpopular things like making pensions less generous, as Japan has done, or accepting more immigrants, as some Western countries have done. But to sustain （ 维 持 ） public pensions in the long term, countries do not actually need more parents. What they need instead is more babies. It is possible to combine a high rate of childlessness with a high birth rate, provided people who become parents have more than one or two children. That was the pattern in many Western countries a century ago. Ireland, yet another country with a childless leader, still manages it today.
⑦The childless also do everyone else a favour by creating wonderful works of art. British novelists have been especially likely to have no offspring: think of Hilary Mantel, P.G. Wodehouse and the Brontë sisters. In September last year Britain put Jane Austen on its ten-pound note. That decision has was controversial, though it was hard to see why. Few people have written as shrewdly（出神入化）about money or about families—even though Austen did not marry, and had no children.
45．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?
A． The childless often get punished in society.
B． The childless often come under sharp criticism.
C． Most successful politicians have no children
D． Childlessness affects the result of an election.
46．The childless are prejudiced because people think the childless .
A． have a strange way to show selfishness
B． set a bad example for young people
C． are not as able as those with children
D． are the government’s financial burden
47．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refer to?
A． Accepting more immigrants.
B． Reducing the pensions for the aged.
C． Encouraging parents to have more children.
D． Supporting the political leaders with no children.
48．What is the author’s attitude towards the childless?
A． Understanding B． Skeptical
C． Disappointed D． Reserved
49．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (①to⑦ represent Paragraphs 1 to 7)
A． B．
C． D．
50．What is the best title for the passage?
A． In defence of the childless
B． In hope of having a child or not
C． Reasons for not having children
D． Measures to address aging problems
第II卷（非选择题）
四、任务型阅读
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案谢在答题纸上相应题号的横线上，每个空格只填一个单词。
Hearing loss, that’s an older person’s problem, right? Think again. Noise, not age, is the leading cause of hearing loss. While hearing problems are common among older folks, damage from everyday noise is growing among younger Americans, including those in their teens and 20s.
The latest research from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCP) shows some 40 million Americans ages 20 to 69 suffering hearing damage from everyday loud noise, including heavy traffic, noisy restaurants, rock concerts, sporting events and loud music via earbuds(耳塞). Among 12- to 19-year-olds, researchers estimate some 17 percent show evidence of noise-induced hearing loss in one or both ears. Worse, many Americans don’t even realize their hearing has been affected.
In the CDCP’s analysis of more than 3,500 hearing tests, one out of four adults claimed their hearing was just fine and reported no job-related noise, yet hearing tests indicated they already had noise-induced hearing loss. This type of damage causes a alarming drop in the ability to hear high-pitched sounds, and it was evident in those as young as 20.
“We have government standards in the workplace to protect workers from noise, but nothing protects you from a society getting noisier every year,” says audiologist Jack Scott, of the Center for Audiology, Speech, Language, and Learning at Northwestern University. Even in protected parks and wildlife areas, a recent study found that noise pollution from traffic, logging and drilling has doubled, drowning out the natural sounds of birds and rushing water.
Sarah Sydlowski, the audiology director of the hearing implant program at the Cleveland Clinic, puts the problem this way: “The baby boomer generation is dealing with skin cancer from the tanning they did as teens. This generation will have to deal with the consequences of noise exposure that damaged their hearing.” Many young adults don’t realize that hearing loss is permanent. When loud noise kills the sensitive inner-ear cells that allow us to hear, they don’t regenerate. “The hearing you have when you’re born is all you get. Those cells can’t be replaced,” says Sydlowski says. “And the damage is cumulative（累积的）,” adds Scott. The more often the ears are exposed to damaging noise, the more cells die, leading to damaged hearing day by day.
Part of the reason hearing damage is showing up earlier is today’s improved portable devices. The sound level 28 years ago from the Walkman, with its weak headphones, was much lower than today’s high-fidelity smartphones with earbuds that deliver louder sound much closer to the eardrum. A study that compared hearing tests of teens found the levels of mild hearing loss jumped 30 percent. But don’t just blame the earbuds, says Sydlowski. People underestimate what a safe level of sound is, “especially when they’re already in a noisy environment.” Both she and Scott say a common problem among their younger patients is turning up the sound in their earbuds to mask the noise around them.
To protect your hearing, follow these tips:
Turn down the volume. If you’re listening to music through your earbuds, “any volume level higher than 50 percent is risky,” says Sydlowki.
Limit your exposure. Do not attend fitness classes with deafening music (or at least move away from the speakers, advises Sydlowski) and sports stadiums with ear-splitting crowd noise.
51．_________________
52．_________________
53．_________________
54．_________________
55．_________________
56．_________________
57．_________________
58．_________________
59．_________________
60．_________________
五、读写任务
61．请认真阅读下面有关“有声读物”（audio books）的图表及相关文字，并按照要求用 英语写一篇 150 词左右的文章。
An audio book is a recording of a text being read. Audio books are considered a valuable tool. Digital innovation isn’t just changing the way audio books are created, packaged and sold. It’s starting to reshape the way readers consume literature.
Like many young people, Tony Chou, a 25-year-old software engineer in Shanghai, never used to read much. He barely cracked a book in college and would read one or two a year on vacation, at most. But in the past year, he’s finished 10 books. He listens to audio in pieces throughout the day on his iPhone during his morning workout, on his 20-minute-trip to work, and while he’s cooking dinner or cleaning up. Before he falls asleep, he switches to an e-book of the same story on his Kindle, and starts reading right where the narrator left off.
（写作内容）
1.用约 30 个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；
2.阅读有声读物受欢迎的原因（不少于两点）；
3.联系实际，谈谈你愿意读传统读物还是有声读物，并简述理由。
（写作要求）
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3，不必写标题。
（评分标准） 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2019届江苏南京高三零模学情调研
英 语 答 案
1．A
【解析】
考查非谓语动词。由题干可知，改题只需判断动作与谓语的先后关系：有着薰衣草花海的迷人风貌，谷里变成了南京著名的旅游景点。由此可知，表述一般的情况，BC表示将来，D表示已经，只有A表示一般情况，故选A。
2．C
【解析】
考查动词短语的辨析。根据句意：刚刚我撞见了Tayor Swift（著名歌手），我有点激动（失去控制力）。A. Given up放弃；B. have their hands up举起手来； C. carried away拿走，失去自制力；D. driven away赶走，离开。故选C。
3．D
【解析】
考查谚语辨析。句意：西班牙国家足球队是如此卓越以致于能够把我们打败。A. get their hands dirty亲自动手；B. have their hands full忙的不可开交； C. lay their hands on us找到某人或某物；D. beat us hands down 打败某人。故选D。
4．A
【解析】
考查动词辨析。句意：多么幸运呀！斯皮尔伯格（美国著名导演）的下一部电影中获得主演的角色。A. landed 着陆；B. lost失去；C. arranged安排；D. accepted接受。故选A。
5．B
【解析】
考查介词短语的辨析。句意：根据他们对待家养动物的方式。A. in need of 需要；B. in view of以---看来，考虑到；C. in search of 寻找；D. in favour of支持。故选B。
6．D
【解析】
考查定语从句。首先根据选项内容初步判断为三大从句之名从或定从，横线引导从句，主句不缺成分：定从或同位语。顾后：定从中不缺成分找关系副词，排除A与C。瞻前：先行词是a culture，抽象地点名词，因此选D。句意：这个公司需要创造一种文化，在这种文化中，人们认为忙里偷闲也是可以的。故选D。
7．C
【解析】
考查形容词以及短语辨析。句意：如果我们仅仅专注于我们未来想成为的样子，我们可能会对沿途的机会视而不见。 A.be equal to等于，胜任；B. be closeto靠近，接近；C. be blind to对---不了解；D. be open to对---开放。故选C。
8．D
【解析】
考查副词的辨析。句意：你说你是无辜的，但是我们也有充足的理由在其他方面作考虑。A. twice两次，两倍；B. over结束，越过；C. aloud 大声地；D. otherwise否则，另外。故选D。
9．B
【解析】
考查名词。句意：北京的网站是中国园林设计创意艺术的杰出表现。A. distinction区别；B. expression表情；C. inspiration灵感；D. evaluation评估。故选B。
10．A
【解析】
考查动词。句意：公司开始在伦敦增加专辑的销量。A. expanding扩大；B. exploring探索； C. exporting 出口；D. expecting期盼。故选A。
11．A
【解析】
考查宾语从句。句意：看到北京2022年如何利用其潜力最大限度地利用现有场馆，这是非常令人鼓舞的。A. how如何，怎样；B. why为什么；C. when什么时候；D. whether是否。故选A.
12．D
【解析】
考查过去完成时态的被动语态。句意：威尔斯先生被扶上了讲台，接受了这个奖项，他看起来就像是被闪电击中了一样。此处as if（好像）引导方式状语从句，用虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，用过去完成时态，且主语he和strike之间是被动关系，故答案为D。
13．B
【解析】
考查连词。句意：经过40年的改革开放，中国在成为“发达经济体”之前还有很长的路要走。A. until直到---为止；B. before在---之前；C. after在---之后；D. unless除非。故选B。
14．C
【解析】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：上海合作组织的成立，已经得到了广泛的认可和赞誉，旨在建立友好的国际关系。此处which引导定语从句，The founding of Shanghai Cooperation Organization是主语，单数第三人称形式，结合句意定语从句用现在完成时态，故选C。
15．C
【解析】
考查情景交际。句意：——看这样一场无聊的比赛真是浪费时间！——我也这么认为。为什么不换台呢？A. It’s no big deal没什么了不起的；B. With your permission未经许可； C. My feelings exactly我也这么认为；D. You’ve got to be kidding你一定是在开玩笑吧。故选C。
16．B
17．A
18．D
19．A
20．B
21．A
22．B
23．D
24．C
25．A
26．C
27．A
28．C
29．B
30．D
31．C
32．D
33．B
34．A
35．C
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。野花在山上的草地上是大自然的馈赠，主人公小时候就在大自然的陪伴下找到快乐，现在长大上了大学，在大学里又一次找到了大自然的快乐。主人公说服总统去提出高速公路美化倡议。因此每当我们在高速公路上旅行的时候，都能看到路边美丽的风景，这点亮了我们的旅行。
16．考查名词。A. streets街道；B. highways高速公路；C. roads公路；D. lanes线路。根据后文倒数第三段可知，这些野花还盛开在高速公路的两边。故选B。
17．考查名词。A. helper帮助者；B. discoverer发现者；C. creator创造者； D. protector保护器。根据后文可知，主人公帮助大自然让这些野花盛开。故选A。
18．考查名词。A. liberty自由；B. traffic 交通；C. justice正义；D. beauty美丽。根据后文倒数第三段中“America the Beautiful”可知本空应该是“美”，故选D。
19．考查形容词。A. lonely 孤独的，荒凉的；B. exciting令人兴奋的； C. happy高兴的；D. disappointed失望的。根据后文描述，主人公妈妈去世，爸爸忙于上班，哥哥在外地求学，只剩下主人公一个人，很孤独。故选A。
20．考查动词。A. wasted浪费；B. spent花费，度过；C. found发现； D. killed杀死。主人公的爸爸整日忙于上班，固定搭配：sb. spend time sth./doing sth.故选B。
21．考查连词。根据后文描述，主人公妈妈去世，爸爸忙于上班，哥哥在外地求学，只剩下主人公一个人，很孤独。因此只能把自己的孤独向大自然排遣，寻求大自然的陪伴。故选A。
22．考查名词。A. aid援助；B. company公司；C. rescue营救；D. happiness高兴。根据小题6的解析，可知主人公很孤独，只能寻求大自然的陪伴。故选B。
23．考查动词。A. ignored忽视；B. scared使害怕；C. troubled使烦恼 ；D. failed失败。Sth. fail sb.某事使某人失败。故选D。
24．考查副词。A. Absolutely绝对地；B. Naturally自然地；C. Again又，再； D. Often经常。根据前文可知，主人公小时候就在大自然的陪伴下找到快乐，现在长大上了大学，在大学里又一次找到了大自然的快乐。故选C。
25．考查名词。A. date日期；B. try尝试；C. vote投票；D. appearance外貌。propose意为求婚，date意为约会，在他们第一次约会就求婚了，故选A。
26．C考查动词。A. shapes使成形；B. serves服务；C. selects选择；D. supports支持。根据后文，主人公说这个唯一的男人选择了第一夫人。故选C。
27．考查形容词。A. unlikely不太可能的；B. unnecessary不必要的； C. unusual不寻常的；D. uncertain不确定的。当这个男人求婚的时候，他不可能想到这个女人就是后来的第一夫人，很多学生会误选D项uncertain，根据我们刚才的分析，把这句话翻译成中文自然意思就明了了。故选A。
28．考查形容词。A. sudden突然的；B. complete完整的；C. gradual逐渐的； D. final最后的。由于土地发展和污染，“America the Beautiful”正在逐渐消失，故选C。
29．考查动词。A. warned警告；B. persuade 规劝；C. forced强迫； D. ordered命令。persuade sb. to do sth.主人公说服总统去提出高速公路美化倡议。故选B。
30．考查动词。A. lengthen加长；B. widen加宽；C. monitor监控； D. landscape对---做景观美化。Landscape名词做动词，意为美化，故选D。
31．考查动词词组。A. let out 放出，泄露；B. found out找出，发现；C. pointed out指出；D. figured out解决，想出。根据本句句意，主人公指出后面的的观点，故选C。
32．考查动词。A. visited 拜访；B. left离开；C. passed通过；D. crossed交叉。这里运用了拟人的说法，野花比如蒲公英可以通过粘在火车车轮上，甚至是躲在孩子们的口袋里，传播遍及整个国家。此题不少同学会选A，visit意为参观，本句重点强调野花可以通过各种日常生活中的媒介传播遍及整个国家。故选D。
33．考查副词。A. then然后；B. even甚至；C. yet已经；D. still仍然。这里运用了拟人的说法，野花比如蒲公英可以通过粘在火车车轮上，甚至是躲在孩子们的口袋里，传播遍及整个国家。故选B。
34．考查名词。A. wildflowers野花；B. wagons手推车；C. roadsides路边； D. travels旅行。主旨题，根据全文可知此空为wildflowers，故选A。
35．考查动词。A. decide决定；B. guide引导；C. brighten使闪亮；D. shorten缩短。根据全文可知，主人公说服总统去提出高速公路美化倡议，因此每当我们在高速公路上旅行的时候，都能看到路边美丽的风景，这点亮了我们的旅行。故选C。
【点睛】
完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。本题第3小题，根据后文倒数第三段中“America the Beautiful”可知本空应该是“美”。
36．C
37．D
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是美国人民的食物缺乏情况。
36．细节理解题。根据表格中18.7% of Mississippipians are food insecure （Highest rate of all states）可知，在美国所有的州中，密西西比州的粮食不安全状况最为严重。故选C。
37．主旨大意题。文章主要讲的是美国人民的食物缺乏情况，表格右侧一列和最后一行都在呼吁人们为解决食物缺乏做出一些贡献，故选D。A选项说的是警告；B选项是帮助贫苦人民脱离贫困；C选项说的是通知，均不符合题意。
38．B
39．D
40．A
【解析】
本文是一篇议论文。这篇文章在论述的是：增加某些垃圾食品的税收可以帮助人们改掉一些不好的生活习惯。
38．细节理解题。对每个选项的内容进行对比。根据第三段第一句On the other hand, taxes have a greater impact on the smaller household budgets of poorer families. They respond by buying less, with greater benefits for their health.根据本句提示可知在一些收入较低家庭，这个税收帮助他们减少垃圾食品的购买，从而保护了自身健康；而人们之所以拒绝购买是因为税收提高迫使他们这么做，易错点A选项warm welcome则表示人们是自觉自愿地去拒绝，因此错误；而C和D根据本句也可以排除。故选B。
39．细节理解题。根据第1小题及文章，人们对此是有相应的行为变化的，人们减少了这些食品的购买，所以排除；B选项根据第二段，某些国家只是将taxes on sugary drinks介绍进他们的国家，B选项以偏概全；C选项错在have raised，文章中只是讲到作者在调查税收提高对国家的影响，文章中并没有明确指出国家增加商品价格；D选项定位到原文的最后一段最后一句中，故选D。
40．作者观点题。文章作者提出自己的观点，增加某些垃圾食品的税收可以帮助人们改掉一些不好的生活习惯，后文中的分段都是在论证自己的观点，因此答案选择A（作者通过举例子的方法论证）。
41．D
42．D
43．A
44．C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是“如何使用触摸屏来训练狗狗。”
41．细节理解题。可以采用排除法去做。A选项decide明显不对，动物不能决定触摸屏上出现的东西；B选项naturally不对，根据第二段第三行trained可知，动物的这种触屏能力不是天生的；C选项人们可以用排除法来区分狗的能力与原文中their ability to learn by Exclusion信息不符合；D选项人们可以通过动物的触屏行为来了解他们的需求可以在第二段开头Like you, animals can learn to interact with the content displayed on touchscreens, and their touch reveals something about their choice, which in turn reveals something about their mind.中得到印证。故选D。
42．推理判断题。根据文中“studies point to the fact that aging seems to be slowed by mental and physical stimulation, and thus stopping these activities might actually lead to faster aging in dogs.”脑力和体力上的刺激能够延缓衰老，因此训练的过程对于老狗来说是有益的且也是可能的。故选D。
43．推理判断题。根据文章第六段中At first, only a single image appears on the screen. Once the dogs reliably learn to nose-touch the image, they move on to discrimination training where two images appear together and only one image is “correct.”能够判断出研究者在屏幕上放一张图像，而后又放两张图像让狗判断正误。由此可以推断出研究者是循序渐进地让狗掌握触屏使用。根据第七段第四行中with no reward until the end of the session.可以排除B答案；根据第七段最后一行中mental activity can have some of the same effects as physical exercise.可以排除C答案；根据第七段第二行可以排除D。故选A。
44．主旨大意题。抓住本文的两个关键点“狗和触屏”可以直接选出C答案。根据全文及最后一段中的Further studies will explore the effects of long-term touchscreen use on dog可以判断出C答案。A/B/D基本与原文没有关系。故选C。
【点睛】
概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。本题第4小题，抓住本文的两个关键点“狗和触屏”可以直接选出C答案。根据全文及最后一段中的Further studies will explore the effects of long-term touchscreen use on dog可以判断出C答案。A/B/D基本与原文没有关系。
45．B
46．D
47．C
48．A
49．B
50．A
【解析】
本文是一篇议论文。主要描述的是丁克一族在社会上受到的一些偏见和批判，并为无子女的人辩护。
45．段落大意题。根据第二段第2、3行可知，这一段主要描述的是丁克一族在社会上受到的一些偏见和批判。A选项的语言过度夸大了这种现象；C、D选项只是这一段当中提到的某个方面，并不能概括这一段的内容。故选B。
46．细节理解题。根据第二段第三行和第六段第二行可知，丁克一族没有子女为他们支付养老金，从而增加了政府的经济负担，因此D项符合题意。A项位于文章第四段的第一句，只是一种假设，与文章主旨相矛盾；B项并未在文章中提及；第四段最后一句话和第五、七段的举例说明丁克一族在某些方面不逊色于寻常父母，甚至比他们更优秀，所以C项不正确，故选D。
47．词义指代题。爱尔兰的领导人虽然是丁克，但是这个国家却把it运用的很好。通过it所在的句子位置可知it所指代的内容在前文中，因此锁定范围It is possible ---a century ago.前文中的pattern指的就是将高的丁克率和高出生率相结合，鼓励父母多生育。故选C。
48．推理判断题。通过第三段的第一句话和最后一段的第一句话作者认为社会对于丁克一族的指控和偏见应该被消除，而且他们对社会的贡献是客观存在的，因此可以判断作者对于丁克一族的态度是理解体谅的。故选A。
49．宏观结构题。文章1、2两段描述的是丁克一族受到偏见的社会现象，第3段是作者对这一现象的看法，第4、5、6、7段当中，作者分别通过丁克一族在慈善、政治能力、人口增长、艺术贡献方面的作用举例论证。故选B。
50．主旨题。根据第5小题文章的结构可以推断出，作者是在为受到偏见的丁克一族做辩护，并举例进行论证。C选项的表述过于片面；B/D偏离主旨。故选A。
【点睛】
代词指代题要求同学们根据语境的逻辑关系、判断画线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象，包括考查it（指动物，无生命的事物、特定的事件或人），they/them(指代人、物、事件的复数名词)，he/she等人称代词的指代意义，以及指示代词this，that，these，those等在文章中的指代意义，考查同学们对文章中叙述特定的人，物，事件的认知能力。解答这类题时，同学们要认真阅读画线词所在句和前后临近句的内容，分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程，理清来龙去脉和前后的因果关系，从而准确推断其指代的对象。例如，在第3小题中，爱尔兰的领导人虽然是丁克，但是这个国家却把it运用的很好。通过it所在的句子位置可知it所指代的内容在前文中，因此锁定范围It is possible ---a century ago.前文中的pattern指的就是将高的丁克率和高出生率相结合，鼓励父母多生育。
51．situation
52．contributes/leads
53．trend
54．unaware/unconscious
55．protected/protection
56．heard
57．allowing/enabling
58．responsible
59．causing
60．Avoiding
【解析】
【分析】
本文是最新研究结果。噪音，而不是年龄，是听力损失的主要原因。虽然听力问题在老年人中很常见，但在年轻的美国人中，日常噪音的损害正在增加，包括那些十几岁和二十几岁的人。文章分析了听力受损的原因以及保护听力的方法。
51．概括总结。根据第一段进行概括当前形势，故答案为situation。
52．细节定位。根据第一段第二句leading cause of转化得出，故答案为contributes/leads。
53．概括总结。根据第一段最后一句is growing和problems are common可知答案为trend。
54．细节定位。根据第二段最后一句don’t even realize---，可以推断出，动词和形容词短语的转化。故答案为unaware/unconscious。
55．细节定位。第四段第一句nothing protects---转化得出。故答案为protected/protection。
56．细节定位。第四段最后一句drowning out the natural sounds---，故答案为heard。
57．细节定位。根据第五段倒数第四句that allow us to hear---，可知答案为allowing/enabling。
58．概括总结。第六段前两句可得知因果关系，故答案为responsible。
59．概括总结。根据第六段第3、4、5句句意得知前面的现象造成后面的危害，同时考查非谓语语法和搭配。故答案为causing。
60．细节定位。根据最后一段Do not attend---，可以推出答案为Avoiding。
61．In recent years, audio books have been gaining popularity at an amazing speed. Many users have developed a habit of listening to books, which contributes to the rapid expansion of the audio book market.
There are a variety of reasons accounting for this trend. First, the great convenience brought about by audio books makes them appealing to many people, as they can enjoy books regardless of time, location or noise level. Besides, audio books are easily available because people are allowed to download audio books free online. Moreover, for those with special needs, such as the blind, audio books are fantastic innovation.
Personally, I prefer to read print books. Print books can give you unique experiences that audio books cannot offer. I can read at my own pace, stopping wherever I like to reflect on some enlightening sentences.
Furthermore, it’s much easier to quickly find what i want in a print book-especially something like a dictionary.
In short, print books are still my first choice.（167 字）
【解析】
本文是一篇任务型写作。共分两个任务：1.用约 30 个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；
2.阅读有声读物受欢迎的原因（不少于两点）；3.联系实际，谈谈你愿意读传统读物还是有声读物，并简述理由。注意完成第一任务时，语言使用应简练、准确、到位。在第二个任务中，应涵盖题目所列出的要点。本文应主要使用一般现在时态。写作过程中注意使用平时学到的短语和句型，注意行文的连贯和逻辑性。
【点睛】
本文是一篇任务型写作，文章主次分明，详略得当，语言准确、简洁，符合题目要求。同时句中使用高级句子。First, the great convenience brought about by audio books makes them appealing to many people, as they can enjoy books regardless of time, location or noise level.句中使用过去分词做后置定语，且as引导原因状语从句；Print books can give you unique experiences that audio books cannot offer. 句中使用定语从句；I can read at my own pace, stopping wherever I like to reflect on some enlightening sentences.句中运用wherever引导的地点状语从句；另外，In recent years, Besides, Moreover, Personally, Furthermore, In short,等的运用为文章增色添彩。
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