2019届湖南省娄底市高三第二次模拟考试英语试题（解析版）

湖南省娄底市2019届4月份高三模拟试卷
英语
本试题卷共13页。时量120分钟。满分150分。
注意事项:
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.
What does the woman worry about?
A. Their train tickets. B. The driving habit. C. Traffic jams.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
M: Do you think we can catch the train if we keep driving at this speed?
W: Yes, but I’m afraid the road may become crowded soon.
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
2.
Who is the woman probably speaking to?
A. A friend. B. A policeman. C. A shop assistant.
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
M: Can I help you, madam?
W: Yes, I want to report a theft that happened to my house during our absence. My husband and I went on a holiday last week.
M: I see. What have you lost?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
3.
How long has the rain lasted?
A. 4 days. B. 5 days. C. 6 days.
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
M: It’s has been raining since Monday, but the weather report says that tomorrow will be clear and sunny. Thank goodness. We can at last say goodbye to the rain.
W: Really? You know I always play football on Saturday. That’s really good news, which means I can play in good weather tomorrow.
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
4.
Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. At the woman’s home. B. In a cinema. C. In a shop.
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
M: Wowso beautiful. I like the color you painted the walls. Why did you decide on purple?
W: I was inspired by a movie I saw last month.
M: I think you should get a new carpet. This one doesn’t match anything in the room.
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
5.
What’s the good news?
A. The man got a better position.
B. The man is going to get married.
C. The man is going to be a father.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
M: I’ve got some good news.
W: Did you get a promotion?
M: Better than that. My wife is pregnant.
W: That’s great news. You’ve been looking forward to being a father for two years, right?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
第二节 (共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

6. What does the phone mean to the woman?
A. She never forgets it anywhere.
B. She enjoys the service.
C. It’s extremely important to her.
7. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Waiter and customer. B. Brother and sister. C. Husband and wife.
【答案】6. C 7. A
【解析】
M: Ma’am! You forgot your phone!
W: Oh, thanks. I couldn’t live without this little thing.
M: I know what you mean. It is of great significance to you. So, did you enjoy your dinner?
W: Oh, yes. Everything was just perfect. It’s so hard to take the whole family out to eat, but your restaurant was perfect. Johnny had his own place to play in, and I had time to talk with my sisters and their husbands.
M: I’m glad to hear it. Our kids’ area is always popular.
W: Well, you can be sure we’ll be back.
【6题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【7题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

8. Where does the man work?
A. In a hospital. B. On a plane. C. In a restaurant.
9. What does the man say about his work?
A. Tiring. B. Well－paid. C. Disappointing.
【答案】8. B 9. A
【解析】
W: So how’s your new job going, David?
M: It’s going really well. I started two months ago, and it’s great.
W: Which countries are you flying to?
M: Mostly those in South America.
W: Do you have time to look around different cities?
M: I’m too tired after we land.
W: Well, I know you serve drinks and meals and explain safety rules. What other duties do you have?
M: Let’s see. We help nervous or sick passengers. We also make sure people obey the safety rules.
【8题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【9题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

10. How was the man behaving at first?
A. Awkwardly. B. Politely. C. Coolly.
11. Why did the man ask Susan for her name at first?
A. He didn’t know who she was.
B. He didn’t realize he knew her already.
C. He didn’t know what else to say.
12. What type of music is playing at the dance?
A. Pop. B. Blues. C. Rock and roll.
【答案】10. A 11. C 12. A
【解析】
M: Wow, this dance is surely cool. There are so many people hereuhwhat’s your name?
W: Susan. Susan Dawes. You really don’t know who I am? You sit behind me in geography class.
M: Oh! Yeahyou’re right. I guess I’m just used to looking at the back of your headnot your face.
W: Are you OK? You’re so nervous.
M: I’m sorry for my strange behavior. I don’t know why I pretended I didn’t know who you were. I just didn’t know how to start the conversation.
W: That’s OK. It’s refreshing to talk to somebody who is actually honest for once. So, do you like this music?
M: Not really. I prefer rock and roll mostly, but I like to listen to blues when I’m alone. Anything but this pop stuff.
W: Oh, my gosh, I totally agree! I thought I was the only one!
【10题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【11题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【12题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

13. How does the woman know about eye problems?
A. From a friend. B. From an article. C. From a TV program.
14. How often do people blink while staring at the computer screen?
A. 7 times per minute. B. 22 times per minute. C. 27 times per minute.
15. What does the woman think the man should do?
A. Avoid using computers. B. Close eyes often. C. Take a break and rest.
16. What are the speakers going to do next?
A. Keep on reading. B. Go to a drug store. C. Have some tea.
【答案】13. B 14. A 15. C 16. C
【解析】
W: Hi, Tony. Have you finished reading these articles?
M: Yes, but my eyes feel uncomfortable after staring at the computer screen for hours.
W: I’ve read an article about eye problems recently. It says that people usually blink less when they use computer, so they may always feel tired and dry after using computers.
M: That is what I am doing. And I am suffering from dry eyes.
W: It is so common for people who have eye problems.
M: But what does it have to do with the computer?
W: The article found that people blink twenty－two times a minute in average when relaxed, but just seven times a minute while staring at the things on a computer screen.
M: Really? That’s quite a difference.
W: Yeah. So you need to blink your eyes and take a break from the computer.
M: I wonder if eye－drops will make me feel better.
W: That might help. But the best way is to take a break and rest your eyes.
M: OK. Let’s go to have a cup of tea. I can finish this later tonight.
【13题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【14题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【15题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【16题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

17. Where did the shark attacks occur recently?
A. In California. B. In North Carolina. C. In Florida.
18. Who is Graham Schwartz?
A. A shark expert from a university.
B. A researcher from a museum.
C. A writer for a magazine.
19. What can people do to avoid being attacked?
A. Avoid wearing certain types of bathing suits.
B. Make their presence known in the water.
C. Only swim where the water is warm.
20. What did the Department of Parks and Recreation do?
A. They conducted a study on shark attacks.
B. They closed down the beaches.
C. They forced boats and fishermen to stop all activities.
【答案】17. B 18. A 19. A 20. B
【解析】
In the past two months, there have been several shark attacks at Atlantic Beach and Outer Banks Beach in North Carolina. For this reason, we have decided to close down both beaches until further notice. These sharks are white sharks and extremely dangerous. We are asking—but not requiring—owners of small boats and fishermen to avoid activities in these areas. This month, a study from the Florida Museum of Natural History showed that the rise in shark attacks was caused by many factors, some of which can be avoided. Sharks are said to follow the warm ocean currents from the Gulf of Mexico. Graham Schwartz, a shark expert from the University of California, warns swimmers to limit splashing in the water, and to avoid wearing shiny material that could look like the skin of a fish. Although shark attacks are still extremely rare, and are mostly a case of being in the wrong place at the wrong time, we take this problem very seriously at the Department of Parks and Recreation. We thank you for your cooperation, and we hope to reopen our beaches to the public soon!
【17题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【18题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【19题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【20题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
WHO’S WHO IN THE ZOO?
Is it amazing that the WHO’S WHO IN THE ZOO makes it fun for young children to save? With the help of Standard Bank’s Kidz APP and the Big Five animal friends, teaching your children about managing their cash has never been more fun. Let the WHO’S WHO IN THE ZOO show your little ones what it means to earn and save money as well as share in the enjoyment of spending their well－earned cash.
Elephant
As your children use the mobile app to complete various actions—achieving savings goals, completing missions and achieving wishes—here various medals will be rewarded.
Earned medals are displayed in the elephant habitat as well as locked medals still to be achieved.
Leopard
Reward your kids with pocket money for completing ‘missions’: household chores, achievements, etc.
You can create a mission for your child, or your child can request a new mission. Once created, it must be accepted. The mission needs to be completed by your child and approved by you before you can pay him or her.
Lion
Help your children create and fulfil wishes. Wish cards and their savings progress can be tracked from your banking app.
Once their savings goal is reached, lion will inform you of their achievement.
Buffalo
Kidz can request to withdraw cash or purchase airtime and data using their savings.
Rhino
Rhino shows your child’s latest account balance and transactions.
Download the Standard Bank’s Kidz APP from Apple App Store on the phone. Use the comment section to interact with other Standard Bank customers and bank consultants.
21. What is the WHO’S WHO IN THE ZOO designed for?
A. Players of board games. B. Kids for self－service banking.
C. Parents for online banking. D. Travelers in the zoo.
22. Rewards will be paid if ________.
A. the kids fulfil your created missions
B. your kids get enough locked medals
C. you keep the account balanced
D. you approve the request via Kidz APP
23. Which of the following animals is related to spending?
A. Rhino. B. Leopard. C. Lion. D. Buffalo.
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D
【解析】
本文为应用文，介绍了一款儿童理财网银APP的功能及使用说明。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段Let the WHO'S WHO IN THE ZOO show your little ones what it means to earn and save money as well as share in the enjoyment of spending their well－earned cash.可知WHO'S WHO IN THE ZOO 向你小孩展示什么叫做挣钱和存储钱，同时分享花自己存的钱的乐趣，可知该软件专为儿童理财而设计，故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据Leopard中的Reward your kids with pocket money for completing ‘missions’: household chores, achievements, etc.可知，奖励孩子零花钱，如果他们完成了任务，比如家务活、达到某个成就等，可知，完成家长设置的任务，就会获得钱，故选A。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。儿童理财的APP中5种动物对应5项银行业务，根据Buffalo中的Kidz can request to withdraw cash or purchase airtime and data using their savings.可知，孩子们可以要求撤销现金或者用零花钱购买数据流量和电视时间，故选D。
B
While staring out of the window during a flight, not everyone will think carefully about the question why airplanes have rounded windows rather than square ones.
Over the years, aerospace engineering has made huge steps in airplane technology, meaning planes can carry more passengers and go faster. The planes have also changed shape to increase safety—including the windows. As commercial air travel took off in the mid－20th century, airline companies began to fly at higher altitudes to lower their cost—the air density(密度) is lower up there, creating less drag(阻力)for airplanes. However, higher altitudes came with problems, like the fact human beings can’t really survive at 30，000 feet. To make that possible, the cabin was changed to a cylindrical(圆柱体) shape to support the pressure inside. But at first, plane builders left in the standard square windows and this expansion meant disaster. The de__Havilland__Comet came into fashion in the 1950s. With a closed cabin, it was able to go higher and faster than other aircraft.
However, where there’s a corner, there’s a weak spot. Windows, having four corners, have four potential weak spots, making them likely to crash under stress—such as air pressure. By curving the window, the stress that would eventually break the window corner is distributed and the chance of it breaking is reduced. Rounded shapes are also stronger and resist deformation(变形), and can thus survive the extreme differences in pressure between the inside and outside of the aircraft.
Fortunately, designers figured out the lack of design pretty quick. Now we have nice, rounded airplane windows that can resist the pressure of traveling altitude. It gives being able to gaze out of your window to the world from 35，000 feet a whole new outlook, doesn’t it?
24. Why did airlines aim to fly at higher altitudes?
A. To increase safety of the plane.
B. To help the plane to take off.
C. To save money for less drag.
D. To carry more passengers and go faster.
25. What does the underlined words “de Havilland Comet” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A. A planet. B. A band. C. An aircraft. D. A design.
26. Which is the advantage of the rounded window?
A. It reduces the possibility of breaking up.
B. It weakens the strength of air pressure.
C. It increases the air pressure.
D. It helps to survive the extreme weather.
27. Where does this text come from?
A. A newspaper on safe driving. B. A magazine on fashion design.
C. A website on survival skills. D. A science book on flying.
【答案】24. C 25. C 26. A 27. D
【解析】
本文为说明文，介绍了飞机舷窗由方变圆的原由。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第三句airline companies began to fly at higher altitudes to lower their cost—the air density (密度) is lower up there, creating less drag (阻力)for airplanes.可知，飞机在更高的空中飞行可以降低其成本，因为高空空气密度更低，飞机的阻力更小，因而降低成本，故选C。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句With a closed cabin, it was able to go higher and faster than other aircraft. 中的 it和other aircraft 推测此词所指为一款飞机，故选C。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段第三句By curving the window, the stress that would eventually break the window corner is distributed and the chance of it breaking is reduced.可知，机窗变为圆形之后，破碎机窗的力就得到分散了，机窗破裂的可能性就降低了，故选A。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。本文介绍了社会发展过程中应安全和经济的需求，飞机形状和其舷窗形状的变化，故选自于与飞行有关的书籍，故选D。
C
The hemlock(铁杉) trees along the Wappinger Creek, New York, look healthy. However, scientist Gary Lovett says the white balls which provide protection for the bugs are created by a tiny insect. It’s hard to believe the tiny bug could kill a tree. However, trees can end up with millions and millions of the pests. When there are that many, it ends up killing the tree.
The bug from East Asia is slowly killing trees across the USA. The trouble－making bug is just one of many invasive(入侵的) pests that have slipped into the United States. They can hurt other living things in their new home.
Many invasive pests arrive on wooden pallets piled inside shipping containers. They support and separate goods, and keep them from sliding around. Invasive pests often tunnel into the pallets. How can we stop pests from riding on pallets? Lovett says new rules are needed. The companies that make pallets don’t want more rules. Congress has added an amendment(修正案) in the 2018 Farm Bill to try and prevent this problem. However, Lovett is not hopeful it will make much of a difference. Pallets are checked by inspectors. Many are sprayed with bug－killing pesticide. “I believe in the system，” said Brent McClendon, president of The National Wooden Pallet and Container Association. He also said shipping containers are checked very carefully.
Still, each year 13 million containers are shipped to the U.S. Each is full of wooden pallets. Lovett says: “Inspectors can’t possibly check everything. All it takes are a few bad pallets; we should get rid of wooden pallets.” He believes pallets should be made of plastic or eco－composite wood. Eco－composite wood is a mix of wood fiber and plastic. Insects cannot hide into it. One problem is that these choices cost more. They may be worth the extra money, though. Invasive pests cost the U.S. $5 billion a year. Trees don’t just die in forests. They also die in cities and our yards. Then, they need to be replaced. That costs money, too.
28. All the statements are TRUE except that ________.
A. pesticide has been applied to bug－killing
B. the companies making pallets don’t want more rules
C. invasive pests hide in pallets used in shipping
D. invasive pests are native to Wappinger Creek
29. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Bugs won’t bother the tree if just in few numbers.
B. Bugs ruin the shipping goods slowly.
C. Bugs can be easily spotted by eyes.
D. Bugs cover trees with white soft balls for protection.
30. Why does Gary Lovett want to get rid of wooden pallets?
A. Because insects mostly die in them.
B. Because they are the major pest carriers.
C. Because they are not worth extra money.
D. Because plastic pallets are eco－friendly.
31. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. Congress contributes a lot to dealing with invasive pests.
B. Effective measures have stopped the pest invasion.
C. Invasive pests are harming plants in the USA.
D. Ecosystem in the USA is poorly damaged by invasive woods.
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. B 31. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文为记叙文，介绍了美国铁杉树虫害因运输过程中使用的木板所携带的外来蛾虫所致。政府有颁布法案解决但收效甚微。有关人士就此也提出相应的解决方案。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。 根据第二段The bug from East Asia is slowly killing trees across the USA.可知此害虫为外来物种，并非Wappinger Creek河流土生土长的，故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句However, trees can end up with millions and millions of the pests. When there are that many, it ends up killing the tree.可知每棵树上都会有大量的害虫，当达到一定数量之后，树木就会死亡，故可以推出，一定数量的害虫不会造成树木死亡，故选A。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段Still, each year 13 million containers are shipped to the U.S. Each is full of wooden pallets. 以及He believes pallets should be made of plastic or eco－composite wood. Eco－composite wood is a mix of wood fiber and plastic. Insects cannot hide into it. 可知，木板是铁杉斑螟蛾虫的主要载体，所以要把木制的板子换成塑料的，让蛾虫无藏身之地，故选B。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段It's hard to believe the tiny bug could kill a tree. However, trees can end up with millions and millions of the pests. When there are that many, it ends up killing the tree.可知，本文主要讲述外来蛾虫入侵所致的铁杉树虫害，会给当地的动植物造成剧烈的影响以及巨大的经济损失，故选C。
【点睛】主旨大意题的做题技巧。
1) 主旨大意题属于归纳概括题。如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。
2) 找准文章的主题句是关键。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。在答题时，我们可以：读首句抓大意；读尾句抓大意；读首尾段抓大意。
3.) 无明显主题句时高频信息词，任一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
比如小题4，根据第一段内容可知本文主要讲述外来蛾虫入侵所致的铁杉树虫害，会给当地的动植物造成剧烈的影响以及巨大的经济损失，故选C。
D
Have you ever spent an afternoon in the backyard, maybe grilling or enjoying a basketball game, when suddenly you notice that everything goes quiet? There is an old phrase “calm before the storm”， often used in a situation—a quiet period just before a great activity or excitement. According to our own experience, we know there is actually calm before the storm. But what causes this calm? And is it always calm before the storm? Let's hear what scientists have to say.
A period of calm happens in a particular kind of storm, the simplest kind of storm—a single－cell thunderstorm. In this type of thunderstorm, there is usually only one main updraft, which is warm, damp air and drawn from places near the ground. Storms need warm and damp air as fuel, so they typically draw that air in from surrounding environment. Storms can draw in the air that fit their need from all directions—even from the direction in which the storm is traveling.
As the warm, damp air is pulled into a storm system, it leaves a low－pressure vacuum(真空) coming after. The rising air meets the cold dry air that has already existed in the storm clouds, thus the temperature of the warm, damp air drops, and the water vapour(水蒸汽) in it changes into tiny drops that are a precondition of rain. These drops accumulate and build on larger particles like dust, until they grow large enough to form raindrops.
This warm, damp air keeps moving upwards, but it becomes cooler and drier during its trip through cloud. When it reaches the top of the cloud, the air gets spit out(被挤出) at the top. This air is sent rolling out over the big thunderclouds. From there, the air goes down. Warm and dry air is relatively stable, and once it covers a region, that air, in turn, causes the calm before a storm.
Most thunderstorms, though, don't start with calm. That's because most are actually groups of storms with complex wind patterns. There's so much air moving up and down storm groups that the calm before the storm never happens. Instead, before the storm, it might be really windy!
32. Which best fits the description of a particular kind of storm?
A. A storm with air drawn from every direction.
B. A thunderstorm without strong winds.
C. A thunderstorm with a single shape.
D. A storm fueled by moving air from the ground.
33. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Cold and dry air. B. Warm and damp air.
C. Cold and damp air. D. Warm and dry air.
34. Which does the writer most likely agree to?
A. Presence of the calm relies on stable air.
B. Storm happens without air moving up and down.
C. The drier the air is, the bigger the storm will be.
D. Not all thunderstorms start with the calm.
35. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Causes and effects of a heavy storm.
B. An explanation of the calm before a storm.
C. A personal experience of a heavy storm.
D. A brief description of a peaceful storm.
【答案】32. A 33. B 34. D 35. B
【解析】
本文为自然现象类说明文。揭秘暴风雨来临前的宁静这一神秘自然现象。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Storms can draw in the air that fit their need from all directions—even from the direction in which the storm is traveling.可知雷暴能够从周围任何一个方向吸进自己所需的暖湿空气，故选A。
【33题详解】
代词指代题。第三段中提到As the warm, damp air is pulled into a storm system, it leaves a low－pressure vacuum(真空) coming after. The rising air meets the cold dry air that has already existed in the storm clouds, thus the temperature of the warm, damp air drops, and the water vapour(水蒸汽) in it changes into tiny drops that are a precondition of rain.由于暖湿空气被吸进雷暴中，雷暴经过之处就形成了低气压真空带。正在上升的暖湿气流遇到雷暴云层中原本就存在的干燥冷空气，此时暖湿空气的温度下降，暖湿空气中的水分凝结成小的水滴，这就是雨水形成的前提，故可知it指代温暖、潮湿的空气，故选B。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段Most thunderstorms, though, don't start with calm.可知大多数的雷暴来临前并不是一片宁静。而当有很多气流频繁上下流动时，暴风雨来临前毫无平静可言可知B、C不正确，故选D。
【35题详解】
主旨大意题。本文主要揭秘暴风雨来临前的宁静这一神秘自然现象，故选B。
第二节 (共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We are surrounded by messages trying to get our attention. Advertisers, politicians and other groups all try to get us to agree with them. ___36___. Propaganda is not always a bad thing, but it often hides the truth about a topic. It’s very similar to advertising, whose goal is to get people to buy something, while propaganda is to change what people believe.
Propaganda Techniques
To create propaganda, a common technique is name－calling. A politician might call someone a traitor or liar, which makes the other person look bad. Another is the trend technique. People want to be on the side in the favor. ___37___. Some propaganda is based on fear. It scares people into choosing a certain side or taking action, which might not be bad. Anti－smoking campaigns are one example. They may scare people into thinking that if they smoke, they will get cancer.
___38___
Propaganda is used by many groups, such as businesses, politicians and the government. It is spread through posters, television and radio. The Internet makes it easy to send messages to the whole world.
Types of Propaganda
Political propaganda has been around as long as there have been politicians. ___39___. People have used it for many years. War propaganda began during World War I, more than 100 years ago.
To see if propaganda is saying the truth, people need to do extra work. For example, ads might always sound like they’re true. But before you believe them, try to think about who created and paid for them. Find out why they did it. ___40___.
A. Propaganda Targets
B. Propaganda Mediums
C. Another word for this is propaganda
D. So most people will agree with those politicians
E. Then, you can decide if they’re being honest or not
F. However, religious propaganda was actually the first official one
G. People might join someone who claims to be popular or winning
【答案】36. C 37. G
38. B 39. F
40. E
【解析】
本文为说明文，主要介绍了宣传的作用，手段，传播媒介以及种类。
【36题详解】
根据下文Propaganda is not always a bad thing, but it often hides the truth about a topic.可知，此处应出现Propaganda，由此可知生活中的信息欲引起人们的广泛关注；广告商、政客和其它群体试图让人们同意他们的观点，都离不开宣传造势，C选项，这种现象还有一个名称叫做宣传，该句引出了主题，切题，故选C。
【37题详解】
根据本段可知，主要的宣传手段有:贴标签、从众宣传以及引发恐惧等，G选项，人们都想加入受欢迎或者获胜的人，该句为从众宣传的具体表现，切题，故选G。
【38题详解】
第三段主要介绍宣传的传播途径，主要通过海报、电视、广播以及互联网，故选B。
【39题详解】
第四段主要介绍宣传的三种主要类别:政治宣传、宗教宣传和战争宣传， F选项，宗教宣传实际上就是第一类宣传，很早就被人们使用，切题，故选F。
【40题详解】
根据前一句Find out why they did it.通过了解宣传者的意图和目的，才能知晓宣传的真实性，故选E。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节， 满分45分)
第一节 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中， 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Our teachers tried teaching us about death during nursing training. As a student nurse, I knew I would see death in my ___41___. I had no idea of the ___42___ it would have on me, ___43___.
The first person I saw die was an elderly man, John, who had been ___44___ for weeks. His heart was ___45___ and the health－care team was keeping him comfortable and ___46___ his symptoms. He had stopped speaking days before but was still awake at times, and his ___47___ when we spoke to him was beautiful.
When I came on to the ___48___ one morning, the night staff said he had deteriorated (恶化) overnight and had ___49___ left to leave. A trained nurse and I gave him a bed bath, shaved him and changed his sheets. For the next six hours I ___50___ his hand and talked to him. The doctor came in regularly and asked if he needed more pain relief but he seemed ___51___ most of the time. He only ___52___ opened his eyes to smile at me. Early in the afternoon the nurse came back in and we washed his face and ___53___ his hair. As she was just about to leave the room, she stroked his hair and said:“Oh John, just ___54___.” Minutes later, he did.
It has been 20 years since John’s death. I have seen ___55___ deaths in my time nursing. I have seen staff go far beyond the ___56___ of their jobs to ___57___ that a patient has as good a death as possible. I remember some of the other faces, but none is quite as ___58___ as John’s. He, and the professionals who were ___59___ him, taught me that it ___60___ how we treat those who are dying.
41. A. life B. family C. mind D. career
42. A. affection B. difference C. impact D. reflection
43. A. instead B. however C. therefore D. regardless
44. A. struggling B. challenging C. insisting D. recovering
45. A. striking B. aging C. beating D. failing
46. A. comforting B. relieving C. disappearing D. decreasing
47. A. smile B. eyes C. face D. expression
48. A. hospital B. classroom C. ward D. department
49. A. days B. seconds C. minutes D. hours
50. A. hugged B. reached C. held D. touched
51. A. peaceful B. painful C. silent D. anxious
52. A. frequently B. easily C. hardly D. occasionally
53. A. washed B. tied C. combed D. smelt
54. A. let go B. pass away C. come on D. go away
55. A. priceless B. countless C. considerate D. constant
56. A. expectations B. ability C. qualifications D. exception
57. A. pretend B. ensure C. believe D. assume
58. A. beautiful B. scary C. pale D. vivid
59. A. bringing up B. looking for C. caring for D. cheering up
60. A. trains B. matters C. influences D. works
【答案】41. D 42. C 43. B 44. A 45. D 46. B 47. A 48. C 49. D 50. C 51. A 52. D 53. C 54. A 55. B 56. A 57. B 58. D 59. C 60. B
【解析】
本文属于叙事说理文，讲述作者当护士的时候，遇见一个叫John即将死亡的人，护士精心照顾他，使他能够走的安详平静，这也让作者领悟了：对待垂死患者的方式是一件非常重要的事情。
【41题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：作为一名护士，会在工作中遇见死亡。A. life生活；B. family家庭；C. mind思想；D. career职业。后文可知，作者是一名护士，所以在职业生涯中会见到死亡，故选D。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，我不知道这会对我产生什么样的影响。A. affection感情；B. difference不同；C. impact影响；D. reflection反映。根据短语have an impact on sth. 以及句意可知答案为C。difference虽然可以表示影响，但是短语搭配是make a difference to/in。
【43题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是，我不知道这会对我产生什么样的影响。A. instead替代；B. however然而；C. therefore因此；D. regardless不管。 根据上文中的no idea可知作者没有想到死亡对她的影响，所以是转折关系，故选B。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看见的第一个死亡的人是一个老人，John，已经挣扎了几周。A. struggling挣扎；B. challenging挑战；C. insisting坚持；D. recovering恢复。 第二段对John的描述可得知，John是一个垂死患者，所以选struggling，故选A。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的心脏正在衰竭，医疗团队正在让他舒适，减轻症状。A. striking袭击；B. aging使变老；C. beating打败；D. failing衰竭。 John已经垂死，所以心脏衰竭，failing可以表示器官衰竭的含义，故选D。
【46题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的心脏正在衰竭，医疗团队正在让他舒适，减轻症状。A. comforting安慰；B. relieving减轻；C. disappearing消失；D. decreasing减少。根据上下文，医护人员可以做的只能是让他舒适以及减轻他的症状。decrease侧重大小数量上的减少，语意不符。comfort宾语通常是人。disappear为不及物动词，不带宾语，故选B。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：之前就已经不说话了，但是时不时的醒来，当我们对他说话的时候，他的笑容很美。A. smile微笑；B. eyes眼睛；C. face脸；D. expression表情。下文中有提到睁开眼睛朝作者微笑，再根据句子的谓语动词was可知答案是smile，故选A。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我早上到医院的时候，上夜班的同事说John病情恶化，并且陪John走过了生命的最后几个小时。A. hospital医院；B. classroom教室；C. ward病房；D. department部门。由后文可知，作者被告知John病情恶化，并且陪John走过了生命的最后几个小时，这一切只能是发生在John的病房里，既ward，故选C。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我早上到医院的时候，上夜班的同事说John病情恶化，并且只有生命的最后几个小时。A. days天；B. seconds秒；C. minutes分钟；D. hours小时。后文有提及几个小时后，John便离开了人世，故选D。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我握着John的手陪他说了六个小时的话。A. hugged拥抱；B. reached达到；C. held握着，持有；D. touched触摸。作者是握着John的手陪他说了六个小时的话，故选C。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：医生按时进入病房，问他是否需要止痛药，但是大多数时候他似乎很平和。A. peaceful和平的；B. painful 痛苦的；C. silent寂静的；D. anxious着急的。由前文的but可知John不需要止痛药，所以是处于很平和的状态，故选A。
【52题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：他只是偶尔睁开眼睛对我微笑。A. frequently频繁地；B. easily容易地；C. hardly几乎不； D. occasionally偶尔。由上下文可知，John已经病危，在生命最后的一段时间里，他非常地平静，只是偶尔睁眼对作者报以微笑，故选D。
【53题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：下午早些时候，医护人员进入病房，帮John洗了脸梳了头。A. washed洗；B. tied系；C. combed梳；D. smelt闻。医护人员帮John洗了脸梳了头。故选C。
【54题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当她要离开病房的时候，触摸着他的头发对他说的话是“放手，安心地离去吧”。A. let go放手；B. pass away去世；C. come on 加油；D. go away离开。从后文可知，几分钟后，John就去世了，所以可得知医护人员对他说的话是“放手，安心地离去吧”。let go有放手、放开之意。其余选项均不符合上下文意思，故选A。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为护士看见了不计其数的死亡。A. priceless无价的；B. countless无数的； C. considerate 体贴的；D. constant持续的。 John死后的二十年里，作者作为护士看见了不计其数的死亡，即countless。constant表示动作的持续，不符合文意，故选B。
【56题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我看到护士为了确保临死的患者可以走得安详舒坦，做了很多工作范围之外的事情。A. expectations期望；B. ability能力；C. qualifications合格；D. exception例外。作者的实习经历讲述了医护人员对患者的关心和照顾，所以此处应该是医护人员帮助患者，做了很多工作范围之外的事情，即超出了工作的预期，故选A。
【57题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看到护士为了确保临死的患者可以走得安详舒坦，做了很多工作范围之外的事情。A. pretend假装；B. ensure确保；C. believe相信；D. assume假设。医护人员做出超出工作预期的事情是为了确保临死的患者可以走得安详舒坦，故选B。
【58题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我还记得其他一些病人的脸庞，但是对John依旧记忆犹新。A. beautiful美丽的；B. scary恐怖的；C. pale苍白的；D. vivid生动的。此处描述的是作者对John的记忆，这么多年过去了，作者对John依旧记忆犹新，John的一切依旧历历在目。所以选vivid表示“生动清晰的”。前文中的beautiful是用来形容John的笑容，放在这里不合适，故选D。
【59题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他和照顾他的专业人员教会了我对待垂死患者的方式是一件非常重要的事情。A. bringing up抚养；B. looking for寻找；C. caring for照顾；D. cheering up使振奋。由作者对实习经历的描述可知医护人员对患者是进行照顾，即care for，故选C。
【60题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：对待垂死患者的方式是一件非常重要的事情。A. trains训练；B. matters重要；C. influences影响；D. works工作。作者的实习经历教导了作者:医护人员对待垂死患者的方式是一件非常重要的事情，即matter表示“要紧、重要”，故选B。
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Letters as a way of communication have long given way to phone calls and WeChat messages. But a TV show, Letters Alive, is helping bring this old way to keep in touch back ___61___ the present.
Letters Alive took ___62___(it) idea from a UK program, Letters Live, released in 2013. Both ___63___ (show) feature famous actors and actresses, but there ___64___(be) no eye－catching visual effects or any regular showbiz(娱乐圈) activities. Instead, it’s just a live event ___65___ remarkable letters selected from a wide time span and a diverse range of subjects are read. There is, for example, a passionate letter from Huang Yongyu to playwright Cao Yu 30 years ago to criticize his lack of ___66___(create).
Every letter is like a small piece of history. By hearing them ___67___ (read), it’s as if we are being sent back in time to experience a moment that we would otherwise never have had the chance to.
Compared to ___68___ (publish) texts, letters also ___69___(natural) come with a personal touch. As well as celebrating the pain, joy, wisdom and humor, Letters Alive ___70___ (commit) to promoting Chinese literature since first run.
【答案】61. to 62. its
63. shows 64. are
65. where 66. creativity
67. being read
68. published
69. naturally
70. has been committed
【解析】
本文为说明性记叙文，介绍电视节目《见字如面》。
【61题详解】
考查介词。句意：《见字如面》这档电视节目正将这一保持联系的老方式带回到现代人的视野。bringto固定搭配，意思为把…带回到，故用to。
【62题详解】
考查代词。句意：《见字如面》其想法源于一档类似的英国节目Letters Live，该节目于2013年首播。根据文章可知，指代见字如面的想法，故用物主代词its。
【63题详解】
考查名词。此处缺名词，feature为谓语动词，且有both修饰则应该填复数形式，故用shows。
【64题详解】
考查主谓一致就近原则。句意：两档节目均无惊人的视觉效果或是常规的娱乐活动。本句为there be句型，主语为effects和 activities复数形式，故谓语动词用are。
【65题详解】
考查连词。句意：该节目是一个现场节目，从广泛的书信中选出一些重要的书信来朗读。remarkable letters selected from a wide time span and a diverse range of subjects are read为限制性定语从句修饰先行词event，先行词在定语从句中充当状语，故用where。
【66题详解】
考查词性转换。句意：例如，节目里有一封30年前著名画家黄永玉写给剧作家曹禺的充满激情的信件，批评他缺乏创造力。of后接名词，根据句意可知，缺乏创造力，故用creativity。
【67题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：听信时，我们仿佛回到过去，身临其境。现在分词作hear的宾语补充说明，与下文中as if we are being sent back呼应表示正在被听，故用being read。
【68题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：与其他出版文字相比，信件中自然地流露出个人感触。过去分词作定语修饰texts，与其逻辑主语为动宾关系，故用过去分词published。
【69题详解】
考查副词。句意：与其他出版文字相比，信件中自然地流露出个人感触。修饰动词come用副词，故用naturally。
【70题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：《见字如面》从开播至今还致力于推广中国文学。由since可知此处应用现在完成时，本句为commit的用法be committed to doing sth致力于做某事，故用has been committed。
第四部分 写作(共两节， 满分 35分)
第一节 短文改错 (共10小题； 每小题1分， 满分10分)
71.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文， 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除: 把多余的词用斜线( \ )划掉。
修改: 在错的词下划一横线， 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处， 多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last year, Zhang Pingyu paid visit to London. Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the site she wanted to see. It was the Tower which she visited first. Fancy! This solid stone, square tower had been remained standing for one thousand years. Many new buildings had expanded around it. Therefore, it was still part of a royal palace and prison combined. There followed St Paul’s Cathedral built after the terrible fire of London in 1666. It looked splendidly when first built. Westminster Abbey, too, was very interesting. Then just as he came out of the abbey, Pingyu heard the famous sound of the clock Big Ben, ring out the hour.
The next day Pingyu was leaving London to Windsor Castle. “Perhaps I will see the Queen？” she wondered as she fall asleep.
【答案】paid后加a
site →sites
which →that
去掉been
Therefore →However
splendidly →splendid
he →she
ring →ringing
to →for
fall→fell
【解析】
【分析】
本文属于记叙文，描述了张苹玉游览英国伦敦的日程安排。
【详解】第一处：考查冠词。句意：去年，张平雨去参观了伦敦。本句为短语pay a visit to 拜访，故在paid后加a。
第二处：考查名词。句意：担心时间有限，她列了一个想去参观的景点的清单。site为可数名词，一个景点的清单，可知用复数形式，故把site改为sites。
第三处：考查强调句。句意：她参观的第一个地方就是伦敦塔。本句为强调句，对the tower进行强调，故把which改为that。
第四处：考查动词语态。句意：这座坚固和石头砌成的塔矗立了一千年。分析句子可知，remain为系动词，无被动语态，故去掉been。
第五处：考查副词。句意：但是，伦敦塔依然是皇宫与监狱共用的地方。分析句子可知，前后句为转折关系，故把Therefore改为However。
第六处：考查形容词。句意：最初修建好的时候，看起来非常雄伟。look为系动词，后接形容词作表语，故把splendidly改为splendid。
第七处：考查代词。句意：当她从大教堂出来的时候，听到了大本钟报时的钟声。根据前文可知，张平雨为女性，故把he改为she。
第八处：考查非谓语动词。句意：当她从大教堂出来的时候，听到了大本钟报时的钟声。分析句子可知，ring为非谓语动词，作状语，与clock为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式，故把ring改为ringing。
第九处：考查介词。句意：第二天，她离开伦敦去温莎城堡。本句为leave for 动身去，故把to改为for。
第十处：考查动词时态。句意：她想着想着睡着了。本文讲述过去的事情，故用一般过去时，故把fall改为fell。
【点睛】强调句结构。
强调句通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调，从而起到修辞的作用，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式。
强调句的基本结构：It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+that (who)
强调句非常灵活，它能根据我们说话的重点来对不同的部分加以强调，强调句能强调除谓语部分外的大部分成分。
强调主语
这里有一点需要注意，当被强调的主语是人时，可用It is/was that/who ，但如果被强调的部分既包括人又包括物，只能用that，如：
It was he that/who bought a branch of flowers yesterday.是他昨天买了一束花。
It is the boss and salary that have aroused great interest among the workers.在工人中引起极大的兴趣的正是这位老板以及薪资。
强调宾语，如：
It was me that/whom she saw yesterday.昨天她看见的人是我。
强调状语，如：
It was in this street that the car accident happened yesterday. 昨天就是在这条街上发生了汽车事故。
强调句是一种修辞，我们可以通过强调句更准确地来表达自己的情感。在判断依一个句子是否是强调句时，先将It was/is和that去掉，如果剩下的部分仍然是一个完整的句子，则该句是强调句。
比如小题3，本句为强调句，对the tower进行强调，故把which改为that。
第二节 书面表达 (满分25分)
72.假定你是李华，你的朋友Peter想了解你校于五月举办的中国传统文化艺术节。请你给Peter写封回信，内容包括:
1. 举办艺术节的目的；
2. 介绍你最喜欢的一个艺术节活动；
3. 邀请Peter参加并告之艺术节活动的时间。
注意:
1. 词数 100 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Peter，
Having known that you are interested in our school art festival, I am writing to offer you some detailed information.
This art festival falls in every May at our campus, aimed to enrich our school life and arouse our awareness of carrying forward the precious traditional culture.
Sponsored by our Students’ Union, the festival covers a wide variety of activities, among which I pay special attention to the Chinese poetry competition, since I hold the belief that one filled with knowledge always behaves with elegance. Poem lovers read, recite seas of poems that they love and exchange their perspectives on poetry.
Why not come and enjoy the strong atmosphere of our festival at the very beginning of May? Your involvement will be warmly welcomed.
Yours，
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封介绍活动议程的书信。
【详解】根据提示可知，本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封介绍活动议程的书信，时态应为一般现在时和一般将来时。关键要点如下：①你校于五月举办的中国传统文化艺术节；②举办艺术节的目的；③最喜欢的一个艺术节活动；④邀请Peter参加并告之艺术节活动的时间。
第二步：根据关键要点，确定关键词，如：art festival（艺术节），enrich our school life（丰富学校生活），Chinese poetry competition（中国诗歌大赛）等。
第三步：根据提示及关键词进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题以及句子结构完整。
第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，使之自然流畅，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面。
【点睛】本篇范文结构清晰，内容完整，过渡衔接严谨自然，符合书信的要求，其中不乏亮点句型。
非谓语动词的使用Having known that you are interested in our school art festival, I am writing to offer you some detailed information.
非限制性定语从句的使用Sponsored by our Students’ Union, the festival covers a wide variety of activities, among which I pay special attention to the Chinese poetry competition, since I hold the belief that one filled with knowledge always behaves with elegance.