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2019届广东省广州市高三普通高毕业班综合测试（二）英语试题（解析版）
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2019年广州市普通高中业班综合测试（二）
英语试题
本试卷10页,满分120分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1.本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和和第卷(非选择题)两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。用2B铅笔在“考生号”处填涂考生号信息点，修改时须用橡皮擦干净。因笔试不考听力，第I卷从第二部分的“阅读理解”开始,试题题序号从“21”开始。
2.作答第I卷时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔在答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试卷上。
3.第卷必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液不按以上要求作答无效。
4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一并并交回。
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题:每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The country is India. A large dinner party is being given in an up-country station by ac olonial official and his wife. The guests are army and government officers and their wives, and an American naturalist.
At one side of the long table, a spirited discussion springs up between a young girl and an army officer. The girl insists women have long outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era, and that they are not as anxious as their grandmothers were. The officer says they are, arguing women haven't the actual nerve control of men.
“A woman's reaction in any crisis,” the officer says, “is to scream. And while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of control than a woman has. ”
The American scientist does not join in the argument but sits and watches the faces of the other guests. As he stares, he sees a slight, though strange look of anxiety come over the face of the hostess. With a small gesture she summons the servant standing behind her chair. She whispers to him. The servant's eyes widen. He turns quickly and leaves the room. No one else sees this, nor the servant when he puts a bowl of milk on the balcony outside the glass doors.
The American understands. In India, milk in a bowl means only one thing. It is bait fora snake. He realizes there is a cobra in the room. The American's eyes move across the room but he sees nothing. He realizes the snake can only be in one place - under the table.
His first reaction is to jump back and warn the others. But he knows any sudden movement will frighten the cobra and it will strike. He speaks quickly, the quality of his voice so arresting that it quietens everyone. “I want to know just what control everyone at this table has. I will count three hundred - that's five minutes - and not one of you is to move a single muscle. Now! Ready!”
The 20 people sit like stone images while he counts. He is saying “…two hundred and eighty…”. when, out of the corner of his eye, he sees the snake emerge and make for the bowl of milk. Four or five screams ring out as he jumps to slam shut the balcony doors.
“There is your proof!” the host says. “A man has just shown us real control.”
“Just a minute,” the American says, turning to his hostess, “How did you know that cobra was in the room?”
A faint smile comes across the woman's face as she replies. “Because it was lying across my foot.”
1. What is the argument between the army officer and the young girl about?
A. Whether women are afraid of mice.
B. Whether men are calmer than women.
C. Whether men are cleverer than women.
D. Whether women would make suitable soldiers.
2. Why is the servant asked to put out some milk?
A. To play a trick.
B. To serve the guests.
C. To attract the snake .
D. To feed the hostess's pet.
3. Why does the scientist suggest the guests play a game?
A. He doesn't want anyone to panic.
B. He intends to test the officer's theory.
C. He sees there was a snake in the room.
D. He wants to entertain the other guests.
4. What does the author imply through the hostess's final statement?
A. The army officer's opinion is wrong.
B. The hostess understood the American's intention.
C. The American was surprised by the snake's presence
D. The hostess has had previous experience dealing with snakes.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文为记叙文。本文叙述了一场关于男人是否比女人勇敢的激烈的讨论以一条蛇的意外出现及男人与女士对此不同的应对方式而结束。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二、第三段的内容“一位年轻的女士同一位少校展开了热烈的讨论。年轻的女士认为，女人不再像过去那样一见到老鼠就吓得跳到椅子上；少校则不以为然，认为女人一遇到危急情况的反应便是尖叫。而男人比女人的自制力要略胜一筹。这多出来的一点自制力正是真正起作用的东西”，由此可知，这位女士和少校在讨论面对紧急情况，男人是否比女人冷静。分析选项可知B项符合题意，故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第5段的“The American understands. In India, milk in a bowl means only one thing. It is bait for a snake.”可知，那个美国人知道在印度，碗中的牛奶只有一个意思——引蛇的诱饵。由此可知仆人把牛奶倒出来，目的就是吸引蛇的。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第5段中的“His first reaction is to jump back and warn the others. But he knows any sudden movement will frighten the cobra and it will strike.”和第6段的“he sees the snake emerge and make for the bowl of milk. Four or five screams ring out as he jumps to slam shut the balcony doors”可知，这个科学家知道任何突然的移动都会吓到眼镜蛇，眼镜蛇会发起攻击，从而引起大家的恐慌。于是建议大家一起玩一个游戏来缓解人们的恐慌。由此可推断出，他不想让大家恐慌。 分析选项可知，A符合题意。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后三段的内容，可知在宴会期间，有一条蛇曾经从那位女士的脚上爬过去。第四段“As he stares, he sees a slight, though strange look of anxiety come over the face of the hostess. With a small gesture she summons the servant standing behind her chair. She whispers to him”可知，而女士只是脸有点异样，给仆人做了一个小手势来告知此事。由此可知，这位女士面对这种危险却镇定自如。而倒数第三段“There is your proof!” the host says. “A man has just shown us real control.” 主人同意军官的建议 “一个男子刚刚为我们显示了从容不迫、镇定自若的范例”。由此可推断主人同意军官的结论（即女士不如男士镇定），但女士的反应却说明了军官的看法是错误的。故选A。
【点睛】推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。如第3小题，根据第5段中的“His first reaction is to jump back and warn the others. But he knows any sudden movement will frighten the cobra and it will strike.”和第6段的“he sees the snake emerge and make for the bowl of milk. Four or five screams ring out as he jumps to slam shut the balcony doors”可知，这个科学家知道任何突然的移动都会吓到眼镜蛇，眼镜蛇也会发起攻击。从而引起大家的恐慌。于是建议大家一起玩一个游戏。由此可推断出，他不想让大家恐慌。 分析选项可知，A符合题意。
根据事实细节，推断合理信息是推理判断题中最常用的方法。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。
B
5. What caused musicals to move in a new direction during the 1930's?
A. The development of new musical instruments.
B. The audience s demand for more realistic art forms.
C. The rising popularity of other types of entertainment.
D. The greater acceptance of black performers by white audiences.
6. In which period did musical theatre become more complex and dramatic?
A. Pre - 1900. B. 1900- 1929.
C. 1940- 1949. D. 1950- 1959.
7. What can be reasonably inferred about the musical West Side Story?
A. It told its story in a new way.
B. It was based on a true story.
C. It was a non-Broadway show.
D. It was not very successful at first.
【答案】5. C 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文为记叙文。本文主要叙述了音乐剧从公元前534—1959年的发展历史。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据1930-1939部分中的“Competition for audiences from low-price movies encouraged writers to experiment with new themes, moving towards more naturalistic dialogue.”可知，因为低价电影对观众（有吸引力的）竞争让作家们去尝试新的主题，走向更自然的对话，这让音乐剧在20世纪30年代朝着新的方向发展。即其他类型的娱乐的流行。分析选项可知C项
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据1940-1949 ENTER THE GOLDEN AGE部分中的“Theatre in the 1940s became more wide-ranging ,integrating complicated plots with song and dance.”，可知，40年代即1940-1949时的剧院变得更加广泛，音乐剧将复杂的情节与歌舞结合起来。”由此可知，在这段时间，音乐剧变得更加复杂和戏剧化。分析选项可知C项正确。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一部分中的最后一句“On Broadway, West Side Story became the first show that used dance to drive the story telling。”可知，West Side Story成为第一个运用舞蹈来讲述故事的节目。“became the first show”即是“a new way”的一种语意转化。由此可知West Side Story是以一种新的方式（使用舞蹈）讲述故事。分析选项可知A项符合题意。
【点睛】文章主题和中心思想阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。细节理解是指原文提到了某事，某种现象或理论，题干一般针对原文具体叙述的事情本身提问。一般包括直接理解题（在原文中直接找到答案，常用why/what/when/who/how等提问）。语意转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换，两者存在着表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工整理后方能得出结论）、数字计算题，排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文章中的事实和细节是做好该类题的关键，也是做好其他类题的基础。如第3小题就是语意转化题。根据最后一部分中的最后一句“On Broadway, West Side Story became the first show that used dance to drive the story telling。”可知，West Side Story成为第一个运用舞蹈来讲述故事的节目。“became the first show”即是“a new way”的一种语意转化。由此可知West Side Story是以一种新的方式（使用舞蹈）讲述故事。分析选项可知A项符合题意。
C
In 1874 Francis Galton, a British professor, analysed a sample of English scientists and found the vast majority to be first-born sons. This led him to theorise that first-born children enjoyed a special level of attention from their parents that allowed them to advance intellectually. Half a century later Alfred Adler, an Austrian psychologist, made a similar argument relating to personality. First-born children, he suggested, were more diligent, while the later-born were more outgoing and emotionally stable. Many subsequent studies have explored these ideas, but their findings have been varied - some supporting and some rejecting the original conclusions.
The main problem with the previous studies is that they were too small - often limited to a few dozen individuals. This would be true even if the statistical methods needed to analyse the data were simple, but they are not. Distinguishing birth-order effects from those caused by family size complicates matters, meaning still bigger samples must be analysed to obtain meaningful results.
To overcome the limitation of these earlier studies, German social scientist Dr. Helmet Schmukle and his colleagues analysed three huge sets of data from America, Britain and Germany. These data sets, though collected for other purposes, included personality and intelligence tests on 20, 186 people at different stages of their lives. The American tests were on individuals aged between 29 and 35. The British tests were conducted on 50-year-olds. The German tests ran the whole span of adult life, from 18 to 98.
Birth order, they found, had no effect on personality: first-borns were no more, nor less, likely than their younger siblings to be hardworking, outgoing or anxious. But it did affect intelligence. In a family with two children, the first child was more intelligent than the second 60% of the time, rather than the 50% that would be expected by chance. On average, this translated to a difference of 1.5 IQ points between first and second siblings. That figure agrees with previous studies, and thus looks confirmed.
It is, nevertheless, quite a small difference - and whether it is enough to account for Galton's original observation is unclear. In any event, it is certainly not deterministic. Galton was the youngest of nine.
8. Alfred Adler concluded that first-born children were ________.
A. more stable
B. more sociable
C. more intelligent
D. more hardworking
9. What does the underlined “they” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The data.
B. The analyses.
C. The previous studies.
D. The statistical methods.
10. Why was Schmukle's study considered superior to previous research?
A. It involved a wider age range
B. It had a much larger sample size.
C. It included a larger number of countries.
D. It was conducted over a longer period of time.
11. Why does the author mention Galton's family background in the last paragraph?
A. To confirm Galton's difficult upbringing.
B. To suggest Galton's theory may not be correct.
C. To compare his experience with Galton's parents.
D. To explain why Galton was interested in birth order.
【答案】8. D 9. D 10. B 11. B
【解析】
本文为说明文。有的研究认为家庭中的长子因为从父母那得到特殊的关注，使其智力得到提升，所以长子一般比较聪明。有的认为长子比其他的孩子更勤奋，所以更聪明。那么在一个家庭中到底是哪个孩子更优秀？
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Alfred Adler, an Austrian psychologist, made a similar argument relating to personality. First-born children, he suggested, were more diligent,”，可知，阿尔弗雷德·阿德勒（Alfred Adler）认为，第一个出生的子女更勤奋，。选项D中的“hardworking”与文中的“diligent”二者是同义词关系，意为“勤勉的，刻苦的”。由此可判断出D项符合题意，故选D。
【9题详解】
猜测词义题。根据第二段中的划线词的上句“This would be true even if the statistical methods needed to analyse the data were simple”，即使分析数据所需的统计方法很简单，可推测出划线词“but they are not（但是它们即数据的统计方法并不是这样的）”中的“they”指的是上文的the statistical methods，故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。第二段“the previous studies is that they were too small --often limited to a few dozen individuals. Distinguishing birth-order effects from those caused by family size complicates matters, meaning still bigger samples must be analysed to obtain meaningful results.”可知以前的研究范围小了，有局限性，必须进行更大的样本分析，结果才有意义。第三段的内容可知，Schmukle博士和他的同事分析了来自美国、英国和德国的三大数据集。包括20286人在不同阶段的生活。美国对29至35岁的人进行了测试。英国的测试是在50岁的人身上进行的。德国的测试贯穿了从18岁到98岁的整个成人的一生。由此可知，Schmukle的研究范围大，人数多，这要优于以前的研究。分析选项可知B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。第一段前两句可知， Galton认为长子从父母那里得到了特殊程度的关注，这使他们能够在智力上得到提升。最后一段最后一句“Galton was the youngest of nine.”可知， Galton是英国著名的科学家（是智力最高的），却是家中九个孩子中最小的一个。用于证明他自己的理论也许是不正确的。分析选项可知B项符合题意，故选B。
D
Photography has opened our eyes to a multitude of beauties, things we literally could not have seen before the invention of the frozen image. It has greatly expanded our notion of what is beautiful, what is aesthetically(审美上) pleasing. Items formerly considered trivial, and not worth an artist's paint, have been revealed and honored by the photograph: things as ordinary as a fence post, a chair, a vegetable. And as technology has developed, photographers have explored completely new points of view: those of the microscope, the eagle, the cosmos.
What is it that delights the human eye and allows us to claim that a photograph is beautiful? Photography depends on the trinity of light composition, and moment. Light literally makes the recording of an image possible, but in the right hands, light in a photograph can make the image soar. The same is true with composition. What the photographer chooses to keep in or out of the frame is all that we will ever see - but that combination is vital. And the moment that the shutter is pressed, when an instant is frozen in time, provides the whole image with meaning. When the three - light, composition, and moment - are in balance, there is visual magic.
Light, composition, and moment come together in a photograph to bring us the ultimate reality: a view of the world unknown prior to the invention of the camera. Before photography, the basic artistic rules of painting were rarely broken. Images were made to please, not to capture reality. But as photography evolved, painterly rules were often reacted in the pursuit of fresh vision. Photographers became interested in the real world, good and bad, and it was the accidental detail that was celebrated. Photography invited the world to see with new eyes - to see photographically - and all of the arts have drawn new inspiration from this change.
With these basic aesthetic tools, photographers have evolved from scientists longing to “fix” an image — any image — to artistic revolutionaries. Photographs have created a new way of seeing, changed our ideas of beauty and, most importantly, made art more democratic. They have given us visual proof that the world is grander than we imagined, and that there is beauty, often overlooked,
in nearly everything.
12. Before the invention of photography, which of the following was least likely to appear in an artistic work?
A. A great person.
B. A lovely insect.
C. A grand building.
D. A beautiful landscape.
13. What is the function of paragraph 2?
A. To argue that photographic beauty is subjective.
B. To explain the evolution of the concept of beauty.
C. To describe the elements that make a successful photo.
D. To illustrate different types of photographic techniques.
14. How has photography affected other art forms?
A. It has reduced their popularity.
B. It has forced them to change their rules.
C. It has changed their methods of composition.
D. It has provided them with new points of view.
15. What does the author mean by saying photography has “made art more democratic" ?
A. It has expanded the concept of artistic beauty.
B. It has challenged the status of traditional art forms.
C. It has enabled the development of new artistic tools.
D. It has allowed more people to take part in creative activities.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A
【解析】
本文为说明文。文章介绍了摄影开阔了我们的眼界，它不仅让我们看到了许多美丽的事物，这些事物是我们在摄影发明之前根本无法看到的。它还能让我们捕捉到现实，无论好坏。这使艺术更加民主，极大的拓展了我们的美丽的概念。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It has greatly expanded our notion of what is beautiful, what is aesthetically(审美上) pleasing. Items formerly considered trivial, and not worth an artist's paint, have been revealed and honored by the photograph”可知，在摄影发明之前，一些以前认为是微不足道、不值得艺术家去画的东西，现在被这张照片揭示出来，并得到了尊重。分析选项：A. A great person一个伟大的人；B. A lovely insect一只可爱的昆虫；C. A grand building一座宏伟的建筑； D. A beautiful landscape美丽的风景，可知，其中的B项是微小的东西符合题意。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“What is it that delights the human eye and allows us to claim that a photograph is beautiful? Photography depends on the trinity of light, composition, and moment.”可知，让我们愉悦的是美的照片。而拍摄美丽的照片取决于光、构图和瞬间的三位一体。接着下文对此作了详细的介绍。由此可推断出本段描述了拍摄成功照片的三要素。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，摄影的三要素在照片中得到完美的结合，带给了我们不仅是愉悦，还有捕捉现实。随着摄影技术的发展，绘画规则往往在追求新的视觉效果时起到反应。摄影使全世界用新的眼光——用摄影的方式去看——所有的艺术都从这一变化中获得了新的灵感。以及第四段中的“Photographs have created a new way of seeing, changed our ideas of beauty and, most importantly, made art more democratic.”由此可推断出，摄影给其它的艺术提供了新的视角。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Photographers became interested in the real world, good and bad, and it was the accidental detail that was celebrated”结合第四段中的“Photographs have created a new way of seeing, changed our ideas of beauty and, most importantly, made art more democratic. They have given us visual proof that the world is grander than we imagined, and that there is beauty, often overlooked,”可知，摄影让人们用一种新的视角看世界，无论好的坏的，改变了人们对美的看法，看到了以前被忽略的美。由此可推断出，人们对美的看法改变了，以前不知道的美被发现了，也就是说扩大了艺术美的概念。分析选项可知A符合题意，故选A。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What is culture?
Culture is too complex to define in simple terms.____16____ One is that culture is a total pattern of behaviour that is consistent in its components. Another fundamental is that culture is learned behaviour. The third is that culture is behaviour that is shared by a group of people.
To understand the culture of a particular country or region, one could examine its components, among which are material culture, language, and social organisation. Material culture includes the tools and symbols in a society, not including those physical things found in nature, unless they have undergone some change or have been given meaning by people. ____17____The way we consume and what we consume are heavily influenced by material culture.
____18____ Linked with all other aspects of culture, it reflects the nature and values of that culture. Industrialised societies have a rich vocabulary for commercial and industrial activities, while less industrialised societies may have richer vocabularies for matters important to their societies. The Eskimos in Alaska have many words to describe snow whereas English has only one general term.
Social organisation differs somewhat from society to society. The primary kind of community association is based on blood ties. ____19____. It provides mutual protection, psychological support, and a kind of economic insurance or social security for its members. The term "brothers" in Zaire includes those whom we call cousins and uncles.
Cultural analysis serves a variety of purposes. Understanding the various dimensions and their inter- relatedness helps promote cross-cultural awareness. ____20____
A. Some scholars even suggest that it is useless to try.
B. Language is the most obvious difference between cultures.
C. However, there are certain agreed- on fundamentals that can be easily identified.
D. The values represented within a culture can also change with the passing of time.
E. For example, a mouse running on a street is not part of a culture, but the Mickey Mouse is.
F. In many developing countries, the extended family fulfills several social and economic roles.
G. It leads on to the promotion of goodwill, social and economic planning and harmony between social groupings or societies.
【答案】16. C 17. E
18. B 19. F
20. G
【解析】
【分析】
本文为夹叙夹议文。本文论述了从三个方面论述了什么是文化，如何理解文化，以及分析文化有何好处。
【16题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据上一句：文化太复杂，不能用简单的术语来定义。而下面却又给文化下了定义，可知，文化虽复杂，不好简单定义，但在某些方面还是达成共识的。前后内容是相反的。分析选项可知C项中的“however”表示转折，再看意思（然而，有一些可以轻易确定的商定的基本原则）符合题意，故选C。
【17题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空格的上句“Material culture includes the tools and symbols in a society, not including those physical things found in nature, unless they have undergone some change or have been given meaning by people”可知，物质文化不包括自然界中发现的物质事物，除非它们经历了某种变化或被人们赋予了意义。分析选项可知E项中说的过街老鼠不是物质文化的一部分，但米老鼠就被赋予了意义，成为文化的一部分。由此可推断E项符合题意，故选E。
【18题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本空格所在的第三段中出现的“vocabularies”、“words”、“English”等，这都属于语言（Language）的范畴，可知本段主要讲述的是不同文化中所用的语言和词汇存在着差异，分析选项可知B项（语言是不同文化之间最明显的差异）符合语境，故选B。
【19题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空前的“第一种社区交往是以血缘关系为基础的。”，可知，此处是指以血缘关系为基础的即是家庭（family）。结合下句“它为其成员提供相互保护、心理支持和一种经济保险或社会保障。”可知，大家庭在社会经济中的作用。结合空格前后的语境可知，本段主要介绍了大家庭发挥了若干社会和经济作用。分析选项可知F项符合题意，故选F。
【20题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据本段的首句“文化分析有多种用途”以及空前的“了解不同的维度及其相互关系有助于提高跨文化意识”可推断出空格主要叙述文化分析的作用。分析选项可知G项（它促进了亲善、社会和经济规划以及社会群体或社会之间的和谐。）符合题意，故选G。
【点睛】七选五题型考察学生把握整篇文章的布局和逻辑层次关系和把握微观信息间关联性这种题一般可从以下方面来做：
（1）看首段，跳过空格快速通读全篇，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构，分析篇章结构，了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义。
（2）精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。七选五空出的是整个句子，可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。第5小题根据本段的首句“文化分析有多种用途”以及空前的“了解不同的维度及其相互关系有助于提高跨文化意识”可推断出空格主要叙述文化分析的作用。分析选项可知G项（它促进了亲善、社会和经济规划以及社会群体或社会之间的和谐。）符合题意，故选G。
（3）看选项，找出与空前空后句中心词同义，近义或相关性的词语，。实现关键词的对接，尤其是词（或短语）的复现。先易后难，各个突破。通过阅读选项，有可能根据选项中的关键词找出正确选项。如第3小题所在的第三段中出现的“vocabularies”、“words”、“English”等，这都属于语言（Language），可知本段主要讲述的是不同文化中所用的语言和词汇存在着差异，分析选项可知B项（语言是不同文化之间最明显的差异）符合语境，故选B。
（4） 解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。尤其要注意代词，连词等。如表示转折关系的but，though, however 等。如第1小题，根据上一句：文化太复杂，不能用简单的术语来定义。而下面却又给文化下了定义，可知，文化虽复杂，不好简单定义，但在某些方面还是达成共识的。前后内容是相反的。分析选项可知C项中的“however”表示转折，再看意思（然而，有一些可以轻易确定的商定的基本原则）符合题意，故选C。
最后，用代入法，检查答案是否合理，将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确．
第三部分:英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题:每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Always wished the Earth had a second moon? Then you will be ___21___ to hear that the Chengdu Aerospace Science Institute has plans to launch multiple mini moons over the next few years.
Similar to our ___22___ satellite, the light of the artificial orb (球体) will be obtained from the sun and ___23___ to Earth by its mirror-like coating. According to its designers, the ___24___ of light being reflected can be controlled from Earth and the light can even be ___25___, if necessary.
While the multiple mini moons will certainly appear picturesque, their main purpose is to conserve ___26___ The Chengdu Aerospace experts claim the mini moon's dusk-like glow will allow the government to eventually ___27___ costly streetlights in cities. They estimate that using the artificial satellite to light up Chengdu's streets at night will ___28___ the city 1.2 billion yuan anally. Since the orb's location can be ___29___ moved, it could also be used to shine light over disaster-struck areas that have lost ___30___
Once the first mini moon is ___31___ successfully, the experts plan to launch three ___32___ ones. Together, the satellites, which will take turns depending on their ___33___ in relation to the sun, are expected to ___34___an area of 3,600 to 6,400 square kilometers. While the orbs will be ___35___ through a telescope from anywhere on the globe, their real beauty will only be seen by visiting Chengdu. Officials, ___36___, believe they will be a huge tourist attraction, helping improve the city's ___37___.
As is often the case with major ___38___, some experts are concerned. They ___39___ that the moons will impact on the sleep patterns of humans and animals. However, officials believe the satellites will cause little, if any, ___40___.
21. A. pleased B. surprised C. alarmed D. relieved
22. A. traditional B. unique C. natural D. famous
23. A. carried B. reflected C. introduced D. transformed
24. A. colour B. speed C. source D. amount
25. A. sent out B. switched off C. given away D. turned down
26. A. resources B. animals C. farmland D. space
27. A. rebuild B. expand C. improve D. remove
28. A. bring B. leave C. save D. cost
29. A. hardly B. easily C. frequently D. normally
30. A. money B. home C. contact D. power
31. A. travelling B. appearing C. working D. signaling
32. A. additional B. special C. bright D. colourful
33. A. size B. importance C. position D. function
34. A. pick up B. take up C. hold up D. light up
35. A. reliable B. visible C. available D. testable
36. A. therefore B. however C. otherwise D. moreover
37. A. population B. education C. evolution D. conflict
38. A. drawback B. breakthroughs C. technology D. economy
39. A. doubt B. conclude C. worry D. agree
40. A. disturbance B. destruction C. satisfaction D. discussion
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. B 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. A
【解析】
本文为记叙文。主要叙述了成都航天科学研究院计划在未来几年内发射多颗迷你卫星，来轮流给地球照明，以减轻地球上的供电压力，而且还会使成都成为一个巨大的旅游景点。虽然有些专家对此感到担忧，担心月亮会影响人类和动物的睡眠模式。但官员们认为，这些卫星不会造成什么干扰。
【21题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. pleased 高兴的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. alarmed 惊慌的；. relieved释然的。根据that后面的内容“听说成都航天科学研究院计划在未来几年内发射多颗迷你卫星时”可知这是一个好消息，与文章第一段的第一句相呼应。由此可知，此处是指“听到这个消息，很兴奋（pleased）”。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. traditional传统的；B. unique独特的；C. natural自然的；D. famous著名的。根据后一句“人造球体”，与“人造的”的相比，应当是“天然（natural）卫星类似”，此处是指“与我们的天然卫星类似，人造球体将通过其镜面涂层从太阳和地球获取光”，故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词。A. carried携带；B. reflected反射；C. introduced引入；D. transformed转换。此句是指“人造球体将通过其镜面涂层从太阳和地球获取光，并通过其镜面涂层反射（reflected）到地球上”故选B.
【24题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. colour颜色；B. speed速度；C. source来源；D. amount数量。此处是指“反射的光的数量（amount）可以从地球上控制”，故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。A. sent out发出；B. switched off关闭；C. given away赠送；D. turned down拒绝，把声音调小。此处是指“如果必要的话，甚至可以被关闭（switched off）光。”故选B。
【26题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. resources资源；B. animals动物；C. farmland农田；D. space空间。此处是指“虽然这几颗迷你卫星看起来风景如画，但它们的主要目的是保护资源（resources）”，故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词辨析，A. rebuild重建；B. expand扩展；C. improve 改善；D. remove移除，去掉。此处是指人造球体可利用反射原理得到光，用于地球照明，从而可移除（remove）地球上的昂贵的路灯。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. bring带来；B. leave离开；C. save节约，挽救；D. cost使丧失，价钱为。根据前面第6小题的内容可知，此处是指“他们估计，利用人造卫星在夜间照亮成都的街道，将为这座城市节约（save）12亿元人民币”，故选C。
【29题详解】
考查副词辨析。A. hardly几乎不；B. easily容易地；C. frequently频繁地；D. normally正常地。根据后面的“可给灾区照明”可知，此种球体易（easily）于移动，故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. money金钱；B. home家；C. contact联系；D. power电力供应。此处是指给没有电（power）的灾区照明，故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. travelling旅行； B. appearing吸引，呼吁；C. working工作，运行；D. signaling发信号。此处是指“一旦第一个迷你月球成功运行（working），”故选C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. additional额外的，另外的；B. special特殊的；C. bright明亮的；D. colourful色彩丰富的。根据前面的语境可知，此处是指“专家们计划再发射另外的三个迷你月球。”故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. size尺寸；B. importance重要性；C. position位置；D. function功能。此处是指“这些卫星将根据它们相对于太阳的位置（position）轮流运行”故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。A. pick up捡起；B. take up占据，着手做；C. hold up举起；D. light up照亮，给照明。根据上文的内容可知，这些人造球体就是为了提供照明的。因此此处是指“这两颗卫星将根据它们相对太阳的位置轮流运行。照明（light up）面积达3600 - 6400平方公里。”故选C。
【35题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. reliable可靠的；B. visible可见的；C. available可用的；D. testable可测试的。根据语境可知，此处是指“。虽然从全球任何地方都可以通过望远镜看到这些球体，但只有到成都才能看到它们真正的美丽。”即这些球体是可以看见的，故选B 。
【36题详解】
考查副词辨析。A. therefore因此；B. however然而；C. otherwise否则；D. moreover而且。根据语境可知，此处是指“因此（therefore），官员们相信他们将成为一个巨大的旅游景点”故选A。
【37题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. population人口；B. education教育；C. evolution演变；D. conflict冲突。此处是指“官员们相信他们将成为一个巨大的旅游景点，帮助改善城市的用电冲突（conflict）”，故选D。
【38题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. drawback缺点；B. breakthroughs突破；C. technology技术；D. economy经济。根据上文的语境可知，利用人造球体来给地球照明是一个重大的突破（breakthroughs），故选B。
【39题详解】
老相动词辨析。A. doubt怀疑；B. conclude总结；C. worry担心 ；D. agree同意。根据空格的上文“some experts are concerned”及下句“ the moons will impact on the sleep patterns of humans and animals”可知，有些人担心，他们担心（worry）月亮会影响人类和动物的睡眠模式。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. disturbance干扰；B. destruction破坏；C. satisfaction满意；D. discussion讨论。根据转折连词however，可知，“然而官员们认为，这些卫星不会造成什么干扰(disturbance)”，故选A。
第二节(共10小题:每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式。
A grape seed that falls into the soil of Xinjiang is very fortunate, as Xinjiang is ___41___ (well)suited for growing grapes than anywhere else. Here, a grape seed can grow to its full potential. ____42____ its high altitudes(海拔), long periods of dry weather and abundant sunshine, Xinjiang produces fruits with extremely high sugar content. Every fall, a large number of grapes____43____(ship) from Xinjiang to other parts of China, and the rest are made into raisins for easy storage.
In the vineyards of Moyu, thanks to the hot and dry climate that ___44___ (result) from being surrounded by the desert, huge quantities of large and ___45___ (juice) grapes with very thin skins are produced. These grapes bring wealth as well as their delicious ___46___ (sweet) to the locals.
In mid- September, ___47___ their Seedless White grapes ripen, local farmers are busy picking grapes to be transported to other parts of the country. Bunches of glowing white grapes hang on the vines, waiting to be picked. If you pick one and put ___48___ in your mouth, you will ___49___(sure) never forget the wonderful taste produced by the ___50___(burn) sun and the desert wind of southern Xinjiang.
【答案】41. better
42. With 43. are shipped
44. results
45. juicy 46. sweetness
47. when/as/while
48. it 49. surely
50. burning
【解析】
本文为记叙文。本文主要介绍了新疆由于海拔高，气候干燥，日照充足，果实含糖量极高，比其他地方更适合种植葡萄。而墨玉的葡萄皮薄，大而多汁。每年秋天，大量的葡萄从新疆运到中国的其他地方，让人们品尝支南疆烈日和沙漠风带来的美妙味道。
【41题详解】
考查比较级。句意：因为新疆比其他任何地方都更适合种植葡萄。根据句中的“than”可知，本句要用比较级。因此填better 。
【42题详解】
考查语境。句意：因为新疆海拔高，气候干燥，日照充足，果实含糖量极高。分析句子可知，本空格缺少一个介词，意思为“因为”，因此填介词With。
【43题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：每年秋天，大量的葡萄从新疆运到中国的其他地方。“be shipped fromto”为固定搭配，意为“从装运至”。因此本空格填are shipped。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句的谓语动词。句意：在墨玉的葡萄园里，因为被沙漠包围，气候炎热干燥。分析句子可知，本句中的“the hot and dry climate”是先行词，是单数，因此谓语动词要用单数，故填results。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意：生产出大量果皮非常薄的大而多汁的葡萄。分析句子可知，本空格在句中作定语，修饰名词grapes，要用形容词，故要填形容词juicy 。
【46题详解】
考查名词。句意：这些葡萄给当地人带来了财富和诱人的甜味。分析句子可知，本空前有形容词delicious，可知此空格要用名词，故填sweetness。
【47题详解】
考查语境。句意：九月中旬，当他们的无籽白葡萄成熟时，当地农民忙着采摘葡萄运往全国各地 。分析句子可知，此空格缺少一个连词，根据语境可知，即为“当时候”。故可填when/as/while。
【48题详解】
考查语境及代词。句意：如果你挑一个（葡萄）放进嘴里，。根据语境可知，此处是指挑一个（葡萄），指代前面的名词（葡萄），指同一个物时要用it，故填it 。
【49题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：如果你挑一个放进嘴里，你一定不会忘记那美妙的味道。分析句子可知，本空格在句中修饰动词forget，修饰动词要用副词，因此填副词surely。
【50题详解】
考查语境。句意：如果你挑一个放进嘴里，你一定不会忘记南疆烈日和沙漠风带来的美妙味道。根据语境可知，此处是指南疆的烈日。而burning为形容词，意为“火辣辣的，炙热的”，因此要填burning。
第四部分写作(共两节,满分35分)
第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分,满分10分)
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分
It was a still and quiet morning on the lake. There was no human voices or cars to break the silent. It was a perfect day for fishing.
We sat at there, afraid to talk, thinking fish would hear us and flee. My father, hold our lunch begin one hand, passed me a sandwich. It was terrible hot and clouds of mosquito were feasting on my blood. With my legs covering with bite marks, I complained, “When will the fish come?”
Suddenly I felt a fish bite. My father became so excited as 1 was, and together we pulled in the fish that would be part of us dinner that night.
【答案】1. was→were
2. silent→silence
3. 删除at
4. fish 前添加the
5. hold→holding
6. terrible→terribly
7. mosquito→mosquitos/mosquitoes
8. covering→covered
9. so→as
10. us→our
【解析】
【分析】
本文为记叙文。文章叙述了作者和父亲在一个平静的早晨钓鱼的故事。
【详解】1.考查主谓一致。句意：没有人的声音或汽车来打破寂静。分析句子可知，本句的表语是no human voices or cars，是复数，因此系动词要用复数形式，故把was改为were。
2. 考查名词。句意：没有人的声音或汽车打破沉默。本句中的silent做动词break的宾语，作宾语要用名词，故把silent改为silence 。
3. 考查语。句意：我们坐在那儿。句中的sat是不及物动词，而there是个副词，因此不需要介词at ，故删除at 。
4.考查语境。句意：我们坐在那里，不敢说话，以为鱼会听到我们的声音就跑。分析语境可知，本句是特指我们要钓的鱼，故要用定冠词the，故在 fish 前添加the 。
5. 考查非谓语。句意：我父亲手里拿着我们的午餐，递给我一个三明治。分析句子可知，本句中的hold在句中作状语，修饰主语My father，他与动词hold地者是主动关系，因此要用动词的ing形式，故把 hold改为holding 。
6.考查副词辨析。句意：天太热了，成群的蚊子在吸食我的血。分析句子可知，本句中的terrible在句中作状语，修饰形容词hot，修饰形容词一般用副词形式，故把terrible改为terribly 。
7. 考查名词的复数。句意：成群的蚊子在吸食我的血。根据语境及“were”可知，此处是用复数形式，故把mosquito改为mosquitos/mosquitoes。
8.考查介词with的复合结构。句意：我的腿上满是被蚊子咬的痕迹。with是介词，my legs是其宾语，宾语与动词cover二者是被动关系，即腿上被覆盖，要用过去分词作宾补，故把covering改为covered。
9. 考查固定搭配。句意：我父亲变得和我一样兴奋。“asas”表示“和一样”，既可用于肯定句也可用于否定句。而“soas”，表示“和一样”只可用于否定句中。本句是肯定句，因此要把so改为as。
10. 考查语境。句意：我们一起把鱼拉了上来，那将是我们当晚晚餐的一部分。句中的us用于修饰名词dinner，修饰名词要用形容词性物主代词our而不能用宾格形式us，故把us改为our。
第二节书面表达(满分25分)
52.假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Alethea将到中国学习汉语，她来信请你帮忙给她起一个合适的中文名字。请你给她写一封回信，提出建议并说明理由。
Alethea [ə'li:θiə]的含义是：真实；诚实。
1词数100左右。
2. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Alethea,
Great to hear you coming to China to continue your studies. I agree that it's a good idea to get a name in the language you learn, and I have consulted quite a few friends to get some inspiration.
The name I came up with is 艾乐真. Its Pin Yin pronunciation is Ai Le Zhen, which is very close to your original name so that it's easy for you and your friends to remember. I think this choice also well-represents your name and character. Zhen means truth or honesty, the same meaning as your name and a virtue in Chinese culture. Le means being happy, which matches your personality.
I hope you like the name and I look forward to seeing you in China.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本文为应用文。你的英国朋友Alethea将到中国学习汉语，她来信请你帮忙给她起一个合适的中文名字。请你给她写一封回信，提出你的建议并说明理由。
【详解】本文为书信体作文。这种作文一般分为三个部分。第一部分为写信的原因。即很高兴听到朋友的到来，也很愿意给对方起个中文名字。第二部分写作的主要内容。本文即为给Alethea起一个中文名字。根据她的英文名字Alethea（其含义是：真实；诚实）起的中文名字，并给出用这个名字的理由。最后一部分要期待对方的来信，期待对方的到来。
【点睛】本文要点完整，结构合理。符合书信体的要求。语言简洁明了，易于理解。句式相对灵活，如有“and”引导的并列句：I agree that it's a good idea to get a name in the language you learn, and I have consulted quite a few friends to get some inspiration. 文中运用了许多复合句, 如由“which”引导的的定语从句：Its Pin Yin pronunciation is Ai Le Zhen, which is very close to your original name so that it's easy for you and your friends to remember和Le means being happy, which matches your personality; 宾语从句： I think this choice also well-represents your name and character；以及由so that引导的状语从句:so that it's easy for you and your friends to remember。可看出作者对英语有较强的驾驶能力。
英语试题
本试卷10页,满分120分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1.本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和和第卷(非选择题)两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型(A)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。用2B铅笔在“考生号”处填涂考生号信息点，修改时须用橡皮擦干净。因笔试不考听力，第I卷从第二部分的“阅读理解”开始,试题题序号从“21”开始。
2.作答第I卷时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔在答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试卷上。
3.第卷必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液不按以上要求作答无效。
4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一并并交回。
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题:每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The country is India. A large dinner party is being given in an up-country station by ac olonial official and his wife. The guests are army and government officers and their wives, and an American naturalist.
At one side of the long table, a spirited discussion springs up between a young girl and an army officer. The girl insists women have long outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era, and that they are not as anxious as their grandmothers were. The officer says they are, arguing women haven't the actual nerve control of men.
“A woman's reaction in any crisis,” the officer says, “is to scream. And while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of control than a woman has. ”
The American scientist does not join in the argument but sits and watches the faces of the other guests. As he stares, he sees a slight, though strange look of anxiety come over the face of the hostess. With a small gesture she summons the servant standing behind her chair. She whispers to him. The servant's eyes widen. He turns quickly and leaves the room. No one else sees this, nor the servant when he puts a bowl of milk on the balcony outside the glass doors.
The American understands. In India, milk in a bowl means only one thing. It is bait fora snake. He realizes there is a cobra in the room. The American's eyes move across the room but he sees nothing. He realizes the snake can only be in one place - under the table.
His first reaction is to jump back and warn the others. But he knows any sudden movement will frighten the cobra and it will strike. He speaks quickly, the quality of his voice so arresting that it quietens everyone. “I want to know just what control everyone at this table has. I will count three hundred - that's five minutes - and not one of you is to move a single muscle. Now! Ready!”
The 20 people sit like stone images while he counts. He is saying “…two hundred and eighty…”. when, out of the corner of his eye, he sees the snake emerge and make for the bowl of milk. Four or five screams ring out as he jumps to slam shut the balcony doors.
“There is your proof!” the host says. “A man has just shown us real control.”
“Just a minute,” the American says, turning to his hostess, “How did you know that cobra was in the room?”
A faint smile comes across the woman's face as she replies. “Because it was lying across my foot.”
1. What is the argument between the army officer and the young girl about?
A. Whether women are afraid of mice.
B. Whether men are calmer than women.
C. Whether men are cleverer than women.
D. Whether women would make suitable soldiers.
2. Why is the servant asked to put out some milk?
A. To play a trick.
B. To serve the guests.
C. To attract the snake .
D. To feed the hostess's pet.
3. Why does the scientist suggest the guests play a game?
A. He doesn't want anyone to panic.
B. He intends to test the officer's theory.
C. He sees there was a snake in the room.
D. He wants to entertain the other guests.
4. What does the author imply through the hostess's final statement?
A. The army officer's opinion is wrong.
B. The hostess understood the American's intention.
C. The American was surprised by the snake's presence
D. The hostess has had previous experience dealing with snakes.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文为记叙文。本文叙述了一场关于男人是否比女人勇敢的激烈的讨论以一条蛇的意外出现及男人与女士对此不同的应对方式而结束。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二、第三段的内容“一位年轻的女士同一位少校展开了热烈的讨论。年轻的女士认为，女人不再像过去那样一见到老鼠就吓得跳到椅子上；少校则不以为然，认为女人一遇到危急情况的反应便是尖叫。而男人比女人的自制力要略胜一筹。这多出来的一点自制力正是真正起作用的东西”，由此可知，这位女士和少校在讨论面对紧急情况，男人是否比女人冷静。分析选项可知B项符合题意，故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第5段的“The American understands. In India, milk in a bowl means only one thing. It is bait for a snake.”可知，那个美国人知道在印度，碗中的牛奶只有一个意思——引蛇的诱饵。由此可知仆人把牛奶倒出来，目的就是吸引蛇的。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第5段中的“His first reaction is to jump back and warn the others. But he knows any sudden movement will frighten the cobra and it will strike.”和第6段的“he sees the snake emerge and make for the bowl of milk. Four or five screams ring out as he jumps to slam shut the balcony doors”可知，这个科学家知道任何突然的移动都会吓到眼镜蛇，眼镜蛇会发起攻击，从而引起大家的恐慌。于是建议大家一起玩一个游戏来缓解人们的恐慌。由此可推断出，他不想让大家恐慌。 分析选项可知，A符合题意。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后三段的内容，可知在宴会期间，有一条蛇曾经从那位女士的脚上爬过去。第四段“As he stares, he sees a slight, though strange look of anxiety come over the face of the hostess. With a small gesture she summons the servant standing behind her chair. She whispers to him”可知，而女士只是脸有点异样，给仆人做了一个小手势来告知此事。由此可知，这位女士面对这种危险却镇定自如。而倒数第三段“There is your proof!” the host says. “A man has just shown us real control.” 主人同意军官的建议 “一个男子刚刚为我们显示了从容不迫、镇定自若的范例”。由此可推断主人同意军官的结论（即女士不如男士镇定），但女士的反应却说明了军官的看法是错误的。故选A。
【点睛】推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。如第3小题，根据第5段中的“His first reaction is to jump back and warn the others. But he knows any sudden movement will frighten the cobra and it will strike.”和第6段的“he sees the snake emerge and make for the bowl of milk. Four or five screams ring out as he jumps to slam shut the balcony doors”可知，这个科学家知道任何突然的移动都会吓到眼镜蛇，眼镜蛇也会发起攻击。从而引起大家的恐慌。于是建议大家一起玩一个游戏。由此可推断出，他不想让大家恐慌。 分析选项可知，A符合题意。
根据事实细节，推断合理信息是推理判断题中最常用的方法。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。
B
5. What caused musicals to move in a new direction during the 1930's?
A. The development of new musical instruments.
B. The audience s demand for more realistic art forms.
C. The rising popularity of other types of entertainment.
D. The greater acceptance of black performers by white audiences.
6. In which period did musical theatre become more complex and dramatic?
A. Pre - 1900. B. 1900- 1929.
C. 1940- 1949. D. 1950- 1959.
7. What can be reasonably inferred about the musical West Side Story?
A. It told its story in a new way.
B. It was based on a true story.
C. It was a non-Broadway show.
D. It was not very successful at first.
【答案】5. C 6. C 7. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文为记叙文。本文主要叙述了音乐剧从公元前534—1959年的发展历史。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据1930-1939部分中的“Competition for audiences from low-price movies encouraged writers to experiment with new themes, moving towards more naturalistic dialogue.”可知，因为低价电影对观众（有吸引力的）竞争让作家们去尝试新的主题，走向更自然的对话，这让音乐剧在20世纪30年代朝着新的方向发展。即其他类型的娱乐的流行。分析选项可知C项
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据1940-1949 ENTER THE GOLDEN AGE部分中的“Theatre in the 1940s became more wide-ranging ,integrating complicated plots with song and dance.”，可知，40年代即1940-1949时的剧院变得更加广泛，音乐剧将复杂的情节与歌舞结合起来。”由此可知，在这段时间，音乐剧变得更加复杂和戏剧化。分析选项可知C项正确。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一部分中的最后一句“On Broadway, West Side Story became the first show that used dance to drive the story telling。”可知，West Side Story成为第一个运用舞蹈来讲述故事的节目。“became the first show”即是“a new way”的一种语意转化。由此可知West Side Story是以一种新的方式（使用舞蹈）讲述故事。分析选项可知A项符合题意。
【点睛】文章主题和中心思想阐述往往需要大量细节信息的支持，这些细节对于理解全文内容至关重要，同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。细节理解是指原文提到了某事，某种现象或理论，题干一般针对原文具体叙述的事情本身提问。一般包括直接理解题（在原文中直接找到答案，常用why/what/when/who/how等提问）。语意转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换，两者存在着表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工整理后方能得出结论）、数字计算题，排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文章中的事实和细节是做好该类题的关键，也是做好其他类题的基础。如第3小题就是语意转化题。根据最后一部分中的最后一句“On Broadway, West Side Story became the first show that used dance to drive the story telling。”可知，West Side Story成为第一个运用舞蹈来讲述故事的节目。“became the first show”即是“a new way”的一种语意转化。由此可知West Side Story是以一种新的方式（使用舞蹈）讲述故事。分析选项可知A项符合题意。
C
In 1874 Francis Galton, a British professor, analysed a sample of English scientists and found the vast majority to be first-born sons. This led him to theorise that first-born children enjoyed a special level of attention from their parents that allowed them to advance intellectually. Half a century later Alfred Adler, an Austrian psychologist, made a similar argument relating to personality. First-born children, he suggested, were more diligent, while the later-born were more outgoing and emotionally stable. Many subsequent studies have explored these ideas, but their findings have been varied - some supporting and some rejecting the original conclusions.
The main problem with the previous studies is that they were too small - often limited to a few dozen individuals. This would be true even if the statistical methods needed to analyse the data were simple, but they are not. Distinguishing birth-order effects from those caused by family size complicates matters, meaning still bigger samples must be analysed to obtain meaningful results.
To overcome the limitation of these earlier studies, German social scientist Dr. Helmet Schmukle and his colleagues analysed three huge sets of data from America, Britain and Germany. These data sets, though collected for other purposes, included personality and intelligence tests on 20, 186 people at different stages of their lives. The American tests were on individuals aged between 29 and 35. The British tests were conducted on 50-year-olds. The German tests ran the whole span of adult life, from 18 to 98.
Birth order, they found, had no effect on personality: first-borns were no more, nor less, likely than their younger siblings to be hardworking, outgoing or anxious. But it did affect intelligence. In a family with two children, the first child was more intelligent than the second 60% of the time, rather than the 50% that would be expected by chance. On average, this translated to a difference of 1.5 IQ points between first and second siblings. That figure agrees with previous studies, and thus looks confirmed.
It is, nevertheless, quite a small difference - and whether it is enough to account for Galton's original observation is unclear. In any event, it is certainly not deterministic. Galton was the youngest of nine.
8. Alfred Adler concluded that first-born children were ________.
A. more stable
B. more sociable
C. more intelligent
D. more hardworking
9. What does the underlined “they” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. The data.
B. The analyses.
C. The previous studies.
D. The statistical methods.
10. Why was Schmukle's study considered superior to previous research?
A. It involved a wider age range
B. It had a much larger sample size.
C. It included a larger number of countries.
D. It was conducted over a longer period of time.
11. Why does the author mention Galton's family background in the last paragraph?
A. To confirm Galton's difficult upbringing.
B. To suggest Galton's theory may not be correct.
C. To compare his experience with Galton's parents.
D. To explain why Galton was interested in birth order.
【答案】8. D 9. D 10. B 11. B
【解析】
本文为说明文。有的研究认为家庭中的长子因为从父母那得到特殊的关注，使其智力得到提升，所以长子一般比较聪明。有的认为长子比其他的孩子更勤奋，所以更聪明。那么在一个家庭中到底是哪个孩子更优秀？
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Alfred Adler, an Austrian psychologist, made a similar argument relating to personality. First-born children, he suggested, were more diligent,”，可知，阿尔弗雷德·阿德勒（Alfred Adler）认为，第一个出生的子女更勤奋，。选项D中的“hardworking”与文中的“diligent”二者是同义词关系，意为“勤勉的，刻苦的”。由此可判断出D项符合题意，故选D。
【9题详解】
猜测词义题。根据第二段中的划线词的上句“This would be true even if the statistical methods needed to analyse the data were simple”，即使分析数据所需的统计方法很简单，可推测出划线词“but they are not（但是它们即数据的统计方法并不是这样的）”中的“they”指的是上文的the statistical methods，故选D。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。第二段“the previous studies is that they were too small --often limited to a few dozen individuals. Distinguishing birth-order effects from those caused by family size complicates matters, meaning still bigger samples must be analysed to obtain meaningful results.”可知以前的研究范围小了，有局限性，必须进行更大的样本分析，结果才有意义。第三段的内容可知，Schmukle博士和他的同事分析了来自美国、英国和德国的三大数据集。包括20286人在不同阶段的生活。美国对29至35岁的人进行了测试。英国的测试是在50岁的人身上进行的。德国的测试贯穿了从18岁到98岁的整个成人的一生。由此可知，Schmukle的研究范围大，人数多，这要优于以前的研究。分析选项可知B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。第一段前两句可知， Galton认为长子从父母那里得到了特殊程度的关注，这使他们能够在智力上得到提升。最后一段最后一句“Galton was the youngest of nine.”可知， Galton是英国著名的科学家（是智力最高的），却是家中九个孩子中最小的一个。用于证明他自己的理论也许是不正确的。分析选项可知B项符合题意，故选B。
D
Photography has opened our eyes to a multitude of beauties, things we literally could not have seen before the invention of the frozen image. It has greatly expanded our notion of what is beautiful, what is aesthetically(审美上) pleasing. Items formerly considered trivial, and not worth an artist's paint, have been revealed and honored by the photograph: things as ordinary as a fence post, a chair, a vegetable. And as technology has developed, photographers have explored completely new points of view: those of the microscope, the eagle, the cosmos.
What is it that delights the human eye and allows us to claim that a photograph is beautiful? Photography depends on the trinity of light composition, and moment. Light literally makes the recording of an image possible, but in the right hands, light in a photograph can make the image soar. The same is true with composition. What the photographer chooses to keep in or out of the frame is all that we will ever see - but that combination is vital. And the moment that the shutter is pressed, when an instant is frozen in time, provides the whole image with meaning. When the three - light, composition, and moment - are in balance, there is visual magic.
Light, composition, and moment come together in a photograph to bring us the ultimate reality: a view of the world unknown prior to the invention of the camera. Before photography, the basic artistic rules of painting were rarely broken. Images were made to please, not to capture reality. But as photography evolved, painterly rules were often reacted in the pursuit of fresh vision. Photographers became interested in the real world, good and bad, and it was the accidental detail that was celebrated. Photography invited the world to see with new eyes - to see photographically - and all of the arts have drawn new inspiration from this change.
With these basic aesthetic tools, photographers have evolved from scientists longing to “fix” an image — any image — to artistic revolutionaries. Photographs have created a new way of seeing, changed our ideas of beauty and, most importantly, made art more democratic. They have given us visual proof that the world is grander than we imagined, and that there is beauty, often overlooked,
in nearly everything.
12. Before the invention of photography, which of the following was least likely to appear in an artistic work?
A. A great person.
B. A lovely insect.
C. A grand building.
D. A beautiful landscape.
13. What is the function of paragraph 2?
A. To argue that photographic beauty is subjective.
B. To explain the evolution of the concept of beauty.
C. To describe the elements that make a successful photo.
D. To illustrate different types of photographic techniques.
14. How has photography affected other art forms?
A. It has reduced their popularity.
B. It has forced them to change their rules.
C. It has changed their methods of composition.
D. It has provided them with new points of view.
15. What does the author mean by saying photography has “made art more democratic" ?
A. It has expanded the concept of artistic beauty.
B. It has challenged the status of traditional art forms.
C. It has enabled the development of new artistic tools.
D. It has allowed more people to take part in creative activities.
【答案】12. B 13. C 14. D 15. A
【解析】
本文为说明文。文章介绍了摄影开阔了我们的眼界，它不仅让我们看到了许多美丽的事物，这些事物是我们在摄影发明之前根本无法看到的。它还能让我们捕捉到现实，无论好坏。这使艺术更加民主，极大的拓展了我们的美丽的概念。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It has greatly expanded our notion of what is beautiful, what is aesthetically(审美上) pleasing. Items formerly considered trivial, and not worth an artist's paint, have been revealed and honored by the photograph”可知，在摄影发明之前，一些以前认为是微不足道、不值得艺术家去画的东西，现在被这张照片揭示出来，并得到了尊重。分析选项：A. A great person一个伟大的人；B. A lovely insect一只可爱的昆虫；C. A grand building一座宏伟的建筑； D. A beautiful landscape美丽的风景，可知，其中的B项是微小的东西符合题意。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中的“What is it that delights the human eye and allows us to claim that a photograph is beautiful? Photography depends on the trinity of light, composition, and moment.”可知，让我们愉悦的是美的照片。而拍摄美丽的照片取决于光、构图和瞬间的三位一体。接着下文对此作了详细的介绍。由此可推断出本段描述了拍摄成功照片的三要素。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，摄影的三要素在照片中得到完美的结合，带给了我们不仅是愉悦，还有捕捉现实。随着摄影技术的发展，绘画规则往往在追求新的视觉效果时起到反应。摄影使全世界用新的眼光——用摄影的方式去看——所有的艺术都从这一变化中获得了新的灵感。以及第四段中的“Photographs have created a new way of seeing, changed our ideas of beauty and, most importantly, made art more democratic.”由此可推断出，摄影给其它的艺术提供了新的视角。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Photographers became interested in the real world, good and bad, and it was the accidental detail that was celebrated”结合第四段中的“Photographs have created a new way of seeing, changed our ideas of beauty and, most importantly, made art more democratic. They have given us visual proof that the world is grander than we imagined, and that there is beauty, often overlooked,”可知，摄影让人们用一种新的视角看世界，无论好的坏的，改变了人们对美的看法，看到了以前被忽略的美。由此可推断出，人们对美的看法改变了，以前不知道的美被发现了，也就是说扩大了艺术美的概念。分析选项可知A符合题意，故选A。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What is culture?
Culture is too complex to define in simple terms.____16____ One is that culture is a total pattern of behaviour that is consistent in its components. Another fundamental is that culture is learned behaviour. The third is that culture is behaviour that is shared by a group of people.
To understand the culture of a particular country or region, one could examine its components, among which are material culture, language, and social organisation. Material culture includes the tools and symbols in a society, not including those physical things found in nature, unless they have undergone some change or have been given meaning by people. ____17____The way we consume and what we consume are heavily influenced by material culture.
____18____ Linked with all other aspects of culture, it reflects the nature and values of that culture. Industrialised societies have a rich vocabulary for commercial and industrial activities, while less industrialised societies may have richer vocabularies for matters important to their societies. The Eskimos in Alaska have many words to describe snow whereas English has only one general term.
Social organisation differs somewhat from society to society. The primary kind of community association is based on blood ties. ____19____. It provides mutual protection, psychological support, and a kind of economic insurance or social security for its members. The term "brothers" in Zaire includes those whom we call cousins and uncles.
Cultural analysis serves a variety of purposes. Understanding the various dimensions and their inter- relatedness helps promote cross-cultural awareness. ____20____
A. Some scholars even suggest that it is useless to try.
B. Language is the most obvious difference between cultures.
C. However, there are certain agreed- on fundamentals that can be easily identified.
D. The values represented within a culture can also change with the passing of time.
E. For example, a mouse running on a street is not part of a culture, but the Mickey Mouse is.
F. In many developing countries, the extended family fulfills several social and economic roles.
G. It leads on to the promotion of goodwill, social and economic planning and harmony between social groupings or societies.
【答案】16. C 17. E
18. B 19. F
20. G
【解析】
【分析】
本文为夹叙夹议文。本文论述了从三个方面论述了什么是文化，如何理解文化，以及分析文化有何好处。
【16题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据上一句：文化太复杂，不能用简单的术语来定义。而下面却又给文化下了定义，可知，文化虽复杂，不好简单定义，但在某些方面还是达成共识的。前后内容是相反的。分析选项可知C项中的“however”表示转折，再看意思（然而，有一些可以轻易确定的商定的基本原则）符合题意，故选C。
【17题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空格的上句“Material culture includes the tools and symbols in a society, not including those physical things found in nature, unless they have undergone some change or have been given meaning by people”可知，物质文化不包括自然界中发现的物质事物，除非它们经历了某种变化或被人们赋予了意义。分析选项可知E项中说的过街老鼠不是物质文化的一部分，但米老鼠就被赋予了意义，成为文化的一部分。由此可推断E项符合题意，故选E。
【18题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本空格所在的第三段中出现的“vocabularies”、“words”、“English”等，这都属于语言（Language）的范畴，可知本段主要讲述的是不同文化中所用的语言和词汇存在着差异，分析选项可知B项（语言是不同文化之间最明显的差异）符合语境，故选B。
【19题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空前的“第一种社区交往是以血缘关系为基础的。”，可知，此处是指以血缘关系为基础的即是家庭（family）。结合下句“它为其成员提供相互保护、心理支持和一种经济保险或社会保障。”可知，大家庭在社会经济中的作用。结合空格前后的语境可知，本段主要介绍了大家庭发挥了若干社会和经济作用。分析选项可知F项符合题意，故选F。
【20题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据本段的首句“文化分析有多种用途”以及空前的“了解不同的维度及其相互关系有助于提高跨文化意识”可推断出空格主要叙述文化分析的作用。分析选项可知G项（它促进了亲善、社会和经济规划以及社会群体或社会之间的和谐。）符合题意，故选G。
【点睛】七选五题型考察学生把握整篇文章的布局和逻辑层次关系和把握微观信息间关联性这种题一般可从以下方面来做：
（1）看首段，跳过空格快速通读全篇，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构，分析篇章结构，了解文章大意。首段的末句一般是全文的主题所在，首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义。
（2）精读空格前后两句，利用各种衔接手段选择正确的选项填入空格。七选五空出的是整个句子，可以通过选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。第5小题根据本段的首句“文化分析有多种用途”以及空前的“了解不同的维度及其相互关系有助于提高跨文化意识”可推断出空格主要叙述文化分析的作用。分析选项可知G项（它促进了亲善、社会和经济规划以及社会群体或社会之间的和谐。）符合题意，故选G。
（3）看选项，找出与空前空后句中心词同义，近义或相关性的词语，。实现关键词的对接，尤其是词（或短语）的复现。先易后难，各个突破。通过阅读选项，有可能根据选项中的关键词找出正确选项。如第3小题所在的第三段中出现的“vocabularies”、“words”、“English”等，这都属于语言（Language），可知本段主要讲述的是不同文化中所用的语言和词汇存在着差异，分析选项可知B项（语言是不同文化之间最明显的差异）符合语境，故选B。
（4） 解题的关键是能娴熟地利用各种衔接手段。尤其要注意代词，连词等。如表示转折关系的but，though, however 等。如第1小题，根据上一句：文化太复杂，不能用简单的术语来定义。而下面却又给文化下了定义，可知，文化虽复杂，不好简单定义，但在某些方面还是达成共识的。前后内容是相反的。分析选项可知C项中的“however”表示转折，再看意思（然而，有一些可以轻易确定的商定的基本原则）符合题意，故选C。
最后，用代入法，检查答案是否合理，将所有选择答案放回空白处，通读全文，检查文章内容是否语义连贯合理、紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确．
第三部分:英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题:每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Always wished the Earth had a second moon? Then you will be ___21___ to hear that the Chengdu Aerospace Science Institute has plans to launch multiple mini moons over the next few years.
Similar to our ___22___ satellite, the light of the artificial orb (球体) will be obtained from the sun and ___23___ to Earth by its mirror-like coating. According to its designers, the ___24___ of light being reflected can be controlled from Earth and the light can even be ___25___, if necessary.
While the multiple mini moons will certainly appear picturesque, their main purpose is to conserve ___26___ The Chengdu Aerospace experts claim the mini moon's dusk-like glow will allow the government to eventually ___27___ costly streetlights in cities. They estimate that using the artificial satellite to light up Chengdu's streets at night will ___28___ the city 1.2 billion yuan anally. Since the orb's location can be ___29___ moved, it could also be used to shine light over disaster-struck areas that have lost ___30___
Once the first mini moon is ___31___ successfully, the experts plan to launch three ___32___ ones. Together, the satellites, which will take turns depending on their ___33___ in relation to the sun, are expected to ___34___an area of 3,600 to 6,400 square kilometers. While the orbs will be ___35___ through a telescope from anywhere on the globe, their real beauty will only be seen by visiting Chengdu. Officials, ___36___, believe they will be a huge tourist attraction, helping improve the city's ___37___.
As is often the case with major ___38___, some experts are concerned. They ___39___ that the moons will impact on the sleep patterns of humans and animals. However, officials believe the satellites will cause little, if any, ___40___.
21. A. pleased B. surprised C. alarmed D. relieved
22. A. traditional B. unique C. natural D. famous
23. A. carried B. reflected C. introduced D. transformed
24. A. colour B. speed C. source D. amount
25. A. sent out B. switched off C. given away D. turned down
26. A. resources B. animals C. farmland D. space
27. A. rebuild B. expand C. improve D. remove
28. A. bring B. leave C. save D. cost
29. A. hardly B. easily C. frequently D. normally
30. A. money B. home C. contact D. power
31. A. travelling B. appearing C. working D. signaling
32. A. additional B. special C. bright D. colourful
33. A. size B. importance C. position D. function
34. A. pick up B. take up C. hold up D. light up
35. A. reliable B. visible C. available D. testable
36. A. therefore B. however C. otherwise D. moreover
37. A. population B. education C. evolution D. conflict
38. A. drawback B. breakthroughs C. technology D. economy
39. A. doubt B. conclude C. worry D. agree
40. A. disturbance B. destruction C. satisfaction D. discussion
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. D 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. B 36. A 37. D 38. B 39. C 40. A
【解析】
本文为记叙文。主要叙述了成都航天科学研究院计划在未来几年内发射多颗迷你卫星，来轮流给地球照明，以减轻地球上的供电压力，而且还会使成都成为一个巨大的旅游景点。虽然有些专家对此感到担忧，担心月亮会影响人类和动物的睡眠模式。但官员们认为，这些卫星不会造成什么干扰。
【21题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. pleased 高兴的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. alarmed 惊慌的；. relieved释然的。根据that后面的内容“听说成都航天科学研究院计划在未来几年内发射多颗迷你卫星时”可知这是一个好消息，与文章第一段的第一句相呼应。由此可知，此处是指“听到这个消息，很兴奋（pleased）”。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. traditional传统的；B. unique独特的；C. natural自然的；D. famous著名的。根据后一句“人造球体”，与“人造的”的相比，应当是“天然（natural）卫星类似”，此处是指“与我们的天然卫星类似，人造球体将通过其镜面涂层从太阳和地球获取光”，故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词。A. carried携带；B. reflected反射；C. introduced引入；D. transformed转换。此句是指“人造球体将通过其镜面涂层从太阳和地球获取光，并通过其镜面涂层反射（reflected）到地球上”故选B.
【24题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. colour颜色；B. speed速度；C. source来源；D. amount数量。此处是指“反射的光的数量（amount）可以从地球上控制”，故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。A. sent out发出；B. switched off关闭；C. given away赠送；D. turned down拒绝，把声音调小。此处是指“如果必要的话，甚至可以被关闭（switched off）光。”故选B。
【26题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. resources资源；B. animals动物；C. farmland农田；D. space空间。此处是指“虽然这几颗迷你卫星看起来风景如画，但它们的主要目的是保护资源（resources）”，故选A。
【27题详解】
考查动词辨析，A. rebuild重建；B. expand扩展；C. improve 改善；D. remove移除，去掉。此处是指人造球体可利用反射原理得到光，用于地球照明，从而可移除（remove）地球上的昂贵的路灯。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. bring带来；B. leave离开；C. save节约，挽救；D. cost使丧失，价钱为。根据前面第6小题的内容可知，此处是指“他们估计，利用人造卫星在夜间照亮成都的街道，将为这座城市节约（save）12亿元人民币”，故选C。
【29题详解】
考查副词辨析。A. hardly几乎不；B. easily容易地；C. frequently频繁地；D. normally正常地。根据后面的“可给灾区照明”可知，此种球体易（easily）于移动，故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. money金钱；B. home家；C. contact联系；D. power电力供应。此处是指给没有电（power）的灾区照明，故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. travelling旅行； B. appearing吸引，呼吁；C. working工作，运行；D. signaling发信号。此处是指“一旦第一个迷你月球成功运行（working），”故选C。
【32题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. additional额外的，另外的；B. special特殊的；C. bright明亮的；D. colourful色彩丰富的。根据前面的语境可知，此处是指“专家们计划再发射另外的三个迷你月球。”故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. size尺寸；B. importance重要性；C. position位置；D. function功能。此处是指“这些卫星将根据它们相对于太阳的位置（position）轮流运行”故选C。
【34题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。A. pick up捡起；B. take up占据，着手做；C. hold up举起；D. light up照亮，给照明。根据上文的内容可知，这些人造球体就是为了提供照明的。因此此处是指“这两颗卫星将根据它们相对太阳的位置轮流运行。照明（light up）面积达3600 - 6400平方公里。”故选C。
【35题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. reliable可靠的；B. visible可见的；C. available可用的；D. testable可测试的。根据语境可知，此处是指“。虽然从全球任何地方都可以通过望远镜看到这些球体，但只有到成都才能看到它们真正的美丽。”即这些球体是可以看见的，故选B 。
【36题详解】
考查副词辨析。A. therefore因此；B. however然而；C. otherwise否则；D. moreover而且。根据语境可知，此处是指“因此（therefore），官员们相信他们将成为一个巨大的旅游景点”故选A。
【37题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. population人口；B. education教育；C. evolution演变；D. conflict冲突。此处是指“官员们相信他们将成为一个巨大的旅游景点，帮助改善城市的用电冲突（conflict）”，故选D。
【38题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. drawback缺点；B. breakthroughs突破；C. technology技术；D. economy经济。根据上文的语境可知，利用人造球体来给地球照明是一个重大的突破（breakthroughs），故选B。
【39题详解】
老相动词辨析。A. doubt怀疑；B. conclude总结；C. worry担心 ；D. agree同意。根据空格的上文“some experts are concerned”及下句“ the moons will impact on the sleep patterns of humans and animals”可知，有些人担心，他们担心（worry）月亮会影响人类和动物的睡眠模式。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. disturbance干扰；B. destruction破坏；C. satisfaction满意；D. discussion讨论。根据转折连词however，可知，“然而官员们认为，这些卫星不会造成什么干扰(disturbance)”，故选A。
第二节(共10小题:每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式。
A grape seed that falls into the soil of Xinjiang is very fortunate, as Xinjiang is ___41___ (well)suited for growing grapes than anywhere else. Here, a grape seed can grow to its full potential. ____42____ its high altitudes(海拔), long periods of dry weather and abundant sunshine, Xinjiang produces fruits with extremely high sugar content. Every fall, a large number of grapes____43____(ship) from Xinjiang to other parts of China, and the rest are made into raisins for easy storage.
In the vineyards of Moyu, thanks to the hot and dry climate that ___44___ (result) from being surrounded by the desert, huge quantities of large and ___45___ (juice) grapes with very thin skins are produced. These grapes bring wealth as well as their delicious ___46___ (sweet) to the locals.
In mid- September, ___47___ their Seedless White grapes ripen, local farmers are busy picking grapes to be transported to other parts of the country. Bunches of glowing white grapes hang on the vines, waiting to be picked. If you pick one and put ___48___ in your mouth, you will ___49___(sure) never forget the wonderful taste produced by the ___50___(burn) sun and the desert wind of southern Xinjiang.
【答案】41. better
42. With 43. are shipped
44. results
45. juicy 46. sweetness
47. when/as/while
48. it 49. surely
50. burning
【解析】
本文为记叙文。本文主要介绍了新疆由于海拔高，气候干燥，日照充足，果实含糖量极高，比其他地方更适合种植葡萄。而墨玉的葡萄皮薄，大而多汁。每年秋天，大量的葡萄从新疆运到中国的其他地方，让人们品尝支南疆烈日和沙漠风带来的美妙味道。
【41题详解】
考查比较级。句意：因为新疆比其他任何地方都更适合种植葡萄。根据句中的“than”可知，本句要用比较级。因此填better 。
【42题详解】
考查语境。句意：因为新疆海拔高，气候干燥，日照充足，果实含糖量极高。分析句子可知，本空格缺少一个介词，意思为“因为”，因此填介词With。
【43题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：每年秋天，大量的葡萄从新疆运到中国的其他地方。“be shipped fromto”为固定搭配，意为“从装运至”。因此本空格填are shipped。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句的谓语动词。句意：在墨玉的葡萄园里，因为被沙漠包围，气候炎热干燥。分析句子可知，本句中的“the hot and dry climate”是先行词，是单数，因此谓语动词要用单数，故填results。
【45题详解】
考查形容词。句意：生产出大量果皮非常薄的大而多汁的葡萄。分析句子可知，本空格在句中作定语，修饰名词grapes，要用形容词，故要填形容词juicy 。
【46题详解】
考查名词。句意：这些葡萄给当地人带来了财富和诱人的甜味。分析句子可知，本空前有形容词delicious，可知此空格要用名词，故填sweetness。
【47题详解】
考查语境。句意：九月中旬，当他们的无籽白葡萄成熟时，当地农民忙着采摘葡萄运往全国各地 。分析句子可知，此空格缺少一个连词，根据语境可知，即为“当时候”。故可填when/as/while。
【48题详解】
考查语境及代词。句意：如果你挑一个（葡萄）放进嘴里，。根据语境可知，此处是指挑一个（葡萄），指代前面的名词（葡萄），指同一个物时要用it，故填it 。
【49题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：如果你挑一个放进嘴里，你一定不会忘记那美妙的味道。分析句子可知，本空格在句中修饰动词forget，修饰动词要用副词，因此填副词surely。
【50题详解】
考查语境。句意：如果你挑一个放进嘴里，你一定不会忘记南疆烈日和沙漠风带来的美妙味道。根据语境可知，此处是指南疆的烈日。而burning为形容词，意为“火辣辣的，炙热的”，因此要填burning。
第四部分写作(共两节,满分35分)
第一节短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分,满分10分)
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(^),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分
It was a still and quiet morning on the lake. There was no human voices or cars to break the silent. It was a perfect day for fishing.
We sat at there, afraid to talk, thinking fish would hear us and flee. My father, hold our lunch begin one hand, passed me a sandwich. It was terrible hot and clouds of mosquito were feasting on my blood. With my legs covering with bite marks, I complained, “When will the fish come?”
Suddenly I felt a fish bite. My father became so excited as 1 was, and together we pulled in the fish that would be part of us dinner that night.
【答案】1. was→were
2. silent→silence
3. 删除at
4. fish 前添加the
5. hold→holding
6. terrible→terribly
7. mosquito→mosquitos/mosquitoes
8. covering→covered
9. so→as
10. us→our
【解析】
【分析】
本文为记叙文。文章叙述了作者和父亲在一个平静的早晨钓鱼的故事。
【详解】1.考查主谓一致。句意：没有人的声音或汽车来打破寂静。分析句子可知，本句的表语是no human voices or cars，是复数，因此系动词要用复数形式，故把was改为were。
2. 考查名词。句意：没有人的声音或汽车打破沉默。本句中的silent做动词break的宾语，作宾语要用名词，故把silent改为silence 。
3. 考查语。句意：我们坐在那儿。句中的sat是不及物动词，而there是个副词，因此不需要介词at ，故删除at 。
4.考查语境。句意：我们坐在那里，不敢说话，以为鱼会听到我们的声音就跑。分析语境可知，本句是特指我们要钓的鱼，故要用定冠词the，故在 fish 前添加the 。
5. 考查非谓语。句意：我父亲手里拿着我们的午餐，递给我一个三明治。分析句子可知，本句中的hold在句中作状语，修饰主语My father，他与动词hold地者是主动关系，因此要用动词的ing形式，故把 hold改为holding 。
6.考查副词辨析。句意：天太热了，成群的蚊子在吸食我的血。分析句子可知，本句中的terrible在句中作状语，修饰形容词hot，修饰形容词一般用副词形式，故把terrible改为terribly 。
7. 考查名词的复数。句意：成群的蚊子在吸食我的血。根据语境及“were”可知，此处是用复数形式，故把mosquito改为mosquitos/mosquitoes。
8.考查介词with的复合结构。句意：我的腿上满是被蚊子咬的痕迹。with是介词，my legs是其宾语，宾语与动词cover二者是被动关系，即腿上被覆盖，要用过去分词作宾补，故把covering改为covered。
9. 考查固定搭配。句意：我父亲变得和我一样兴奋。“asas”表示“和一样”，既可用于肯定句也可用于否定句。而“soas”，表示“和一样”只可用于否定句中。本句是肯定句，因此要把so改为as。
10. 考查语境。句意：我们一起把鱼拉了上来，那将是我们当晚晚餐的一部分。句中的us用于修饰名词dinner，修饰名词要用形容词性物主代词our而不能用宾格形式us，故把us改为our。
第二节书面表达(满分25分)
52.假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Alethea将到中国学习汉语，她来信请你帮忙给她起一个合适的中文名字。请你给她写一封回信，提出建议并说明理由。
Alethea [ə'li:θiə]的含义是：真实；诚实。
1词数100左右。
2. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Alethea,
Great to hear you coming to China to continue your studies. I agree that it's a good idea to get a name in the language you learn, and I have consulted quite a few friends to get some inspiration.
The name I came up with is 艾乐真. Its Pin Yin pronunciation is Ai Le Zhen, which is very close to your original name so that it's easy for you and your friends to remember. I think this choice also well-represents your name and character. Zhen means truth or honesty, the same meaning as your name and a virtue in Chinese culture. Le means being happy, which matches your personality.
I hope you like the name and I look forward to seeing you in China.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本文为应用文。你的英国朋友Alethea将到中国学习汉语，她来信请你帮忙给她起一个合适的中文名字。请你给她写一封回信，提出你的建议并说明理由。
【详解】本文为书信体作文。这种作文一般分为三个部分。第一部分为写信的原因。即很高兴听到朋友的到来，也很愿意给对方起个中文名字。第二部分写作的主要内容。本文即为给Alethea起一个中文名字。根据她的英文名字Alethea（其含义是：真实；诚实）起的中文名字，并给出用这个名字的理由。最后一部分要期待对方的来信，期待对方的到来。
【点睛】本文要点完整，结构合理。符合书信体的要求。语言简洁明了，易于理解。句式相对灵活，如有“and”引导的并列句：I agree that it's a good idea to get a name in the language you learn, and I have consulted quite a few friends to get some inspiration. 文中运用了许多复合句, 如由“which”引导的的定语从句：Its Pin Yin pronunciation is Ai Le Zhen, which is very close to your original name so that it's easy for you and your friends to remember和Le means being happy, which matches your personality; 宾语从句： I think this choice also well-represents your name and character；以及由so that引导的状语从句:so that it's easy for you and your friends to remember。可看出作者对英语有较强的驾驶能力。
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