2020届江苏省高考英语新素养突破考前冲刺卷（一） 英语（解析版）

2020届江苏省高考英语新素养突破考前冲刺卷（一） 英语（解析版）
第一部分　听力(略)
第二部分　英语知识运用(共两节，满分35分)
第一节　单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
1.We hope that clean energy can be promoted across the country environmental pollution can be greatly reduced.
A.in case B.now that　C.so that D.as if
答案　C
解析　句意为：我们希望清洁能源能够在全国范围内得到推广，以便环境污染可以大幅减少。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导目的状语从句，表示“为了，以便”，应用so that。in case “假如，如果”，引导条件状语从句，从句多位于主句之前；in case“以防，以免”，引导目的状语从句，从句多位于主句之后，可用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气；now that “既然”，引导原因状语从句；as if “好像”，引导方式状语从句。
2.China Railway said ten new railways would be put into service by the end of 2018 to ______ the capability of China’s high-speed rail.
A.heighten B.innovate
C.inspect D.interpret
答案　A
解析　句意为：中国铁路总公司称，到2018年年底，十条新铁路将投入使用，以提升中国高速铁路的(运载)能力。heighten提升，提高，符合语境。innovate创新，改革；inspect检查，审视；interpret诠释，说明。
3.After knowing his failing the exam，Albert sat quietly for a while by the river bank，thinking of what it might have been if he hard.
A.could study B.had studied
C.studied D.studies
答案　B
解析　句意为：得知自己考试没通过后，艾伯特在河岸边静静地坐了一会儿，寻思着如果当初自己努力学习的话结果会如何。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处考查虚拟语气，且表示对与过去事实相反的情况的虚拟，故从句谓语动词应用“had＋过去分词”形式。故选B。
4.Over the last five years，UNICEF has been building the ability to drive research and development for products to meet the needs of children that are not yet readily available.
A.conventional B.foreign
C.essential D.sufficient
答案　C
解析　句意为：在过去五年中，联合国儿童基金会一直致力于推动研究和开发那些儿童还不能方便获得但却对满足其需求至关重要的产品。essential必不可少的，极其重要的，符合语境。conventional传统的；foreign非典型的，陌生的；sufficient足够的。
5.As a large number of global companies have participated in the first CIIE，it is a clear _______ that China’s going to further open its markets，and many opportunities can be found in the country.
A.scene B.signal
C.feature D.image
答案　B
解析　句意为：大量跨国公司参加了首届中国国际进口博览会，这清楚地表明，中国将进一步开放其市场，并且在中国可能找到许多机会。signal标志，预示，信号，符合语境。scene场面，情景；feature特征；image画像。
6.The manager keeps her ear pretty close to the ground and usually tell you what the mood of the staff is.
A.must B.will
C.shall D.can
答案　D
解析　句意为：经理很留心周围的情况，她总能告诉你员工的情绪如何。根据句意，这里表示“能够”，应用can。
7.When reading the most interesting part of the story，Bob burst into laughter，not knowing that the others in the library him.
A.stare at B.are staring at
C.were staring at D.had stared at
答案　C
解析　句意为：读到故事最有趣的部分时，鲍勃不禁放声大笑，没有察觉到图书馆里的其他人都在盯着他看。根据句意可知，此处表示在过去某个时间正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。故选C。
8.If you personally feel that a decision is unjust and unfair，you should yourself and voice your disagreement.
A.give up on B.stand up for
C.look up to D.put up with
答案　B
解析　句意为：如果你个人觉得某个决定有失公允，你就应该维护自己(的利益)，说出自己的不同意见。stand up for支持，维护，符合语境。give up on对……不再抱希望(或不再相信)；look up to 尊敬；put up with忍受。
9.Speech is related to interaction between a mother and a child the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s crying and smiling，and responds to him or her.
A.where B.which
C.when D.that
答案　A
解析　句意为：言语能力与母亲和孩子之间的交流有关，在这种交流过程中母亲可以从孩子的哭和笑中辨别出一些信号，并且给予他/她回应。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是interaction，在从句中表示抽象的地点概念，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用where。故选A。
10.An oilfield in the Gobi Desert hardly calls up visions of an ideal living environment，but with the efforts of decades，a pleasant life for its citizens in the city of Karamay.
A.creates B.is creating
C.has been created D.will be created
答案　C
解析　句意为：戈壁沙漠中的一个油田几乎唤不起(人们)对理想生活环境的憧憬，但经过几十年的努力，克拉玛依市已经为其居民创造了一种愉快的生活。根据句中的“with the efforts of decades”可知，此处应用现在完成时，表示到目前为止已经完成的动作给现在造成的影响；又create与life之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故选C。
11.SK Global announced it has not yet decided China Rich Girlfriend would be a formal co-production between China and the US，although it was certain the film would be filmed in Shanghai.
A.whether B.what
C.how D.that
答案　A
解析　句意为：SK Global 宣布，尽管可以肯定《中国富豪女友》这部影片将在上海拍摄，但是影片是否会成为中美之间的正式联合制作还尚未决定。分析句子结构并结合句中的“it has not yet decided”可知，空处在此引导宾语从句，且表示“是否”，应用whether。
12.Running to the Spring，a film the 40th anniversary of China’s reform and opening-up，was shown in cinemas nationwide from Dec.14，2018.
A.in response to B.in honor of
C.in return for D.in celebration of
答案　D
解析　句意为：庆祝中国改革开放四十周年的电影《春天的马拉松》自2018年12月14日起在全国各影院上映。in celebration of为庆祝……，符合语境。in response to作为对……的回应；in honor of纪念，为向……表示敬意；in return for作为对……的回报。
13.John is an organic chemist，and this is his first exposure to a community of world-famous biologists，one that included in the field.
A.a Jekyll and Hyde B.a good Samaritan
C.a tough nut D.a leading light
答案　D
解析　句意为：约翰是一名有机化学家，这是他第一次接触世界著名的生物学家团体，其中的一名生物学家是该领域的领军人物。a leading light(某活动范围内)重要的活跃人物，受敬重的人物，符合语境。a Jekyll and Hyde双重人格者；a good Samaritan乐善好施者；a tough nut难对付的人。
14.We have advertised our new product and we’d like to see it around the world.
A.promoting B.promoted
C.promote D.being promoted
答案　B
解析　句意为：我们已经给我们的新产品做了广告，我们想看到的是它在全球范围内得到推广。句中的it 代指our new product，promote 和it 是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作宾补。故选B。
15.—You seemed to be impressed by the child actor’s skills.
— .I was impressed more by his courage.
A.You have got me there
B.You can say that again
C.Not exactly
D.Not likely
答案　C
解析　句意为：——你似乎对那个儿童演员的演技印象深刻。——不完全是。他的勇气更打动我。not exactly “不完全如此”，用于纠正对方刚说过的话，符合语境。you have got me there你把我难倒了，你把我问住了；you can say that again你说得真对，表示完全同意某人的意见；not likely不可能。
第二节　完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
I did my first wing-walk two years ago，on my 86 birthday.Then last June，aged 88，I did it again and 16 my own record as the world’s oldest 17 wing-walker.
There was something about being strapped(捆扎) to the 18 of a bright-yellow 1944 Boeing—Stearman that 19 my imagination.It’s very exciting.The first experience was nothing but tame.This year，I said to the 20 ，“Can you make it a bit more adventuresome？” He said，“I could do a loop-the-loop (翻筋斗) if you like？”
This time，he 21 doing half a loop which was very effective.You go down a bit，then straight up.All I felt was a bit 22 ，because it was windy.But you are 23 strapped.The pilot makes sure everything is 24 .I had gloves on，earplugs and lots of layers，which protected me.
Both times，we 25 from Gloucestershire Airport and were in the air for 15 minutes.You don’t sit on the wing—you sit on 26 looks like a chair.I wasn’t nervous.But when you look at the propellers(螺旋桨)，you do feel a little strange.You’re 27 at the beginning that it’s a 28 dangerous activity and things could go wrong.However，I said，“Well，at 88 what does it 29 ？ You’ve got to go sometime and you might as well go in a flame of 30 .”
At my age，a lot of people are 31 in their ways.I don’t think any of my 32 from my retirement home wants to 33 me.I imagine most of them think I’m 34 as a woman.But I do think people of my age should be doing more 35 things.You shouldn’t sit back and feel sorry for yourself.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。本文作者是一位88岁的老太太，她勇于挑战极限运动——机翼行走。而且，她还呼吁更多的老年人不要服老，要勇于挑战自我。

16.A.kept B.broke
C.saved D.protected
答案　B
解析　上一句提到作者在86岁时开始了第一次机翼行走，这里是说作者88岁时“打破(break)”了自己的纪录。break one’s record打破某人的纪录。故选B。
17.A.doctor B.repair
C.male D.female
答案　D
解析　根据最后一段中的“as a woman”可知，作者是世界上年龄最大的“女性(female)”机翼行走者。故选D。
18.A.wing B.head
C.tail D.bottom
答案　A
解析　根据第一段第一句中的“my first wing-walk”可知，作者参与的探险活动是在飞机的“机翼(wing)”上行走。故选A。
19.A.practised B.displayed
C.inspired D.broadened
答案　C
解析　inspire one’s imagination激发了某人的想象力。故选C。
20.A.driver B.pilot
C.guide D.director
答案　B
解析　根据上文作者要进行机翼行走可知，此处指作者在跟“飞行员(pilot)”说话，故选B。
21.A.turned up B.gave up
C.took up D.ended up
答案　D
解析　联系上一段最后一句可知，作者对飞行员提出冒险性的要求后，飞行员说自己可以做到让飞机在空中翻筋斗。所以此处是说飞行员最终采用了半循环的飞行方式“结束”。end up doing sth.以做某事结束。故选D。
22.A.shaky B.dizzy
C.shiny D.clumsy
答案　A
解析　根据该空后的“it was windy”可知，当时有风，所以飞行过程中飞机稍微有点“摇晃(shaky)”。故选A。
23.A.tightly B.largely
C.safely D.correctly
答案　C
解析　上文提到风很大飞机会摇晃，但是你是被“安全地(safely)”固定着的。故选C。
24.A.special B.secure
C.cautious D.accessible
答案　B
解析　根据下一句可知，飞行员在飞行的过程中要确保一切是“安全的(secure)”，故选B。
25.A.let out B.got through
C.broke up D.took off
答案　D
解析　根据该空后的内容可知，飞机在机场“起飞(take off)”，15分钟后到达空中，故选D。let out发出(叫声等)；get through顺利通过，接通；break up粉碎，解散。
26.A.what B.how
C.where D.that
答案　A
解析　分析句子结构可知，此处为宾语从句。主句缺宾语，从句缺主语，表示具体事物，用what引导宾语从句，故选A。
27.A.charged B.allowed
C.warned D.cheated
答案　C
解析　根据下文的“dangerous activity”可知，这是一项危险的活动，所以参加者起初一定会被“提醒，警告(warn)”，故选C。
28.A.actually B.potentially
C.doubtfully D.certainly
答案　B
解析　这项活动在进行之前已经基本保证了行走者的安全性，但也有潜在的危险性。potentially潜在地，可能地。故选B。
29.A.mean B.live
C.dream D.matter
答案　D
解析　在作者看来，她已经88岁了，即使出意外，那又有什么“关系”呢？故选D。matter有关系；要紧，有影响。
30.A.glory B.silence
C.memory D.ash
答案　A
解析　在作者看来，自己已经活到88了，即使出了意外，也是以一种“光荣(glory)”的方式结束自己的生命。故选A。
31.A.criticized B.beaten
C.stuck D.washed
答案　C
解析　作者认为在步入老年阶段后，很多人都会“受困于”自己的生活方式。be stuck in卡住；陷入；困于；被缠住。
32.A.leaders B.friends
C.opponents D.relatives
答案　B
解析　作者不认为周围已经退休的“朋友们(friends)”中会有人想和自己一样勇于挑战，故选B。
33.A.persuade B.praise
C.join D.win
答案　C
解析　作者认为周围的朋友们受困于各自的生活方式而不会“加入(join)”到作者的冒险活动中来，故选C。
34.A.crazy B.brave
C.calm D.steady
答案　A
解析　作者认为那些安于现状的人不仅不会加入，还会认为作者是“疯狂的(crazy)”，故选A。
35.A.academic B.difficult
C.adventurous D.ridiculous
答案　C
解析　根据第二段中的“a bit more adventuresome”可知，作者认为自己这个年龄段的人应该去做更多“冒险的(adventurous)”事情。故选C。academic学术的；difficult困难的；ridiculous荒谬的。
第三部分　阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
You’ve probably heard people expressing alarm about the spread of “fake news”—stories that look like news articles but describe things that never happened.Spreading fake news embarrasses you and harms others，so follow these steps to make sure you only share real news.
Check their grammar
Legal news sites check their grammar carefully，so articles with many errors are usually fake.Also watch out for sentences all written in capital letters and the use of multiple exclamation points(感叹号) at the ends of sentences. These are designed to bring about an emotional reaction，but they aren’t considered professional，so trustworthy publications don’t use them.
Read the whole article
Even in real news articles，headlines sometimes overstate or simplify the points of the articles.Before reacting，read the article carefully to make sure you understand the whole context.Sometimes the claims of fake news articles become more ridiculous as the articles go on.
Consider the source
If you’ve never heard of a publication，check the “About” section on its website.Fake news sites often lack such a page，provide little information or even admit that they are fake.Also check an online article’s URL；if it ends with “.com.co ”，it’s probably a fake news site.

36.What do we know about legal news sites?
A.They make grammatical mistakes.
B.They apply overstated headlines.
C.They capitalize every letter in a sentence.
D.They use some exclamation marks at one place.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据Check their grammar部分的内容可知，该段介绍了如何从语法层面来区别真实新闻和假新闻，A、C和D项都属于假新闻的特点；再根据Read the whole article部分的第一句可知，选B。
37.Which of the following sources is probably real?
A.ABC News whose URL is abcnews.com.co.
B.WTOE 5 News whose articles have a URL.
C.PolitiFact whose “About” page is in detail.
D.Boston Tribune whose “Contact Us” only has an address.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“check the ‘About’section on its website.Fake news sites often lack such a page，provide little information”可知，新闻出版方的网站如果有“About”栏目页，且内容详细，那么该新闻的来源就可能是真实的，选C。
B
(2019·江苏高三第二次百校联考)
The key to getting people to work together effectively could be giving them the freedom to choose their collaborators(合作者) and the comfort of working with established contacts，new research suggests.
In the study，David Melamed，an assistant professor of sociology at the Ohio State University and lead author of the study，and his co-authors found participants through the Amazon Mechanical Turk website—a service that allows researchers to hire people from around the world for a variety of purposes.For this study，all participants were from the United States.
Those who agreed to participate played online games in which each player started out with 1,000 monetary units that translated to $1 in real money they could pocket.If one player agreed to pay another player 50 monetary units，that second person would actually acquire 100 units.Each of the 16-round games included about 25 participants，some of whom participated in multiple games.In all，810 people participated in the research.
Some of the games included random networks，where certain people could interact.Others included clustered(群集的) networks，in which a small group had multiple connections—an arrangement that was designed to mimic(模拟) real life，where humans often run their lives in packs.And the networks were either static(静态的) or dynamic(动态的).In static networks，a player could interact only with the appointed partners.In dynamic networks，participants could cut their ties with another player and form new connections.Furthermore，some of the games included reputation information.Participants were labeled based on their history of willingness to share money.The idea was to test whether those known to collaborate were favored by other players based on reputation—a factor shown in previous research to play a significant role in whether a person is likely to partner with another.
Melamed and his research partners were surprised to find that whether people are likely to partner with others had nothing to do with reputation in this study.The findings might have departed from previous studies because of the difference in size and study design，he said，explaining that much of the previous work in this area was conducted in groups of 100 or fewer and mostly involved student subjects.The Turk network used for the new study has been shown to be representative of the U.S.population in terms of age，race and other factors and the introduced players had no previous connections.
Cooperation rates overall were high—and highest when the participants were cooperating in clusters and had the ability to drop a partner in favor of another.“What really seems to matter is the ability to change the structure of a network，” Melamed said.“And the patterns of relationships also made a difference.Those in a known cluster with multiple connections cooperated more.”
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，让人们有效合作的关键在于让他们有选择合作者的自由，以及与已建立联系的人一起工作的舒适感。David Melamed领导的这项研究的目的是发现是什么导致人们最愿意合作。

38.What did David Melamed and his partners do for their study?
A.They hired 810 people globally.
B.They gave each participant $1,000.
C.They designed 16-round online games.
D.They asked each participant to take part in only one game.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Each of the 16-round games included about 25 participants，some of whom participated in multiple games.In all，810 people participated in the research.”可知，David Melamed和他的伙伴们在他们的研究中设计了16轮在线游戏。故选C。
39.Compared with previous research，the new study found that .
A.reputation played no role in cooperation
B.student subjects were more likely to partner with others
C.players having connections before they were more cooperative
D.cooperation rates were influenced by age，race and other factors
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Melamed and his research partners were surprised to find that whether people are likely to partner with others had nothing to do with reputation in this study.The findings might have departed from previous studies because of the difference in size and study design”可知，与之前的研究相比，新的研究发现声誉在合作中没有作用。故选A。
40.It can be inferred that the purpose of the study led by David Melamed is to discover .
A.how to change the patterns of relationships
B.what leads people to collaborate most willingly
C.what kind of person is the most popular in a team
D.whether it’s proper to drop a partner in favor of another
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，David Melamed领导的这项研究的目的是发现是什么导致人们最愿意合作。故选B。
C
People with Down’s syndrome(唐氏综合征) who take green tea supplements from infancy are less likely to develop the facial features of the condition.But researchers have warned that parents shouldn’t give these supplements to their children until a safe dose(剂量) has been determined.
Down’s syndrome arises from having all or part of an extra chromosome(染色体)，which can lead to a range of characteristics，including intellectual disability and facial differences.Some of these characteristics seem to be partly due to having too much of a substance called DYRK1A.
Mara Dierssen at the Centre for Genomic Regulation in Spain and her colleagues have been investigating the effects of a compound in green tea called epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG)，which is known to prevent DYRK1A from developing.
EGCG isn’t an approved treatment yet，but some parents have already started giving it as a supplement to children with Down’s syndrome，prompted(鼓励) by studies that suggest it may bring some benefits.The researchers looked at 13 such children，and compared their faces with children with Down’s syndrome who weren’t taking EGCG，as well as children without the condition.EGCG appeared to have little effect when children started taking it after the age of 3.But six of the seven children who began taking it before they turned 3 had faces that matched or closely resembled those of children without the condition.
The team had previously found that young adults with Down’s syndrome who took EGCG for a year performed slightly better in tests of memory and reasoning.The EGCG dose was equivalent to drinking eight cups of green tea per day.Experiments with mice have shown that early EGCG treatment does seem to change face，skull and limb bone development.
Minimizing facial variation may reduce the shameful feeling of people who suffer from Down’s syndrome，says Linda Gilmore at the Queensland University of Technology in Australia.But there are ethical questions about whether we should try to “normalize” people who look different，she says.Families have different attitudes to raising children with Down’s syndrome，says Gilmore.“Some are keen to try anything that might make things easier，even treatments that have not been established scientifically，” she says.“Others don’t want to change the person.”
The study was small，and can’t provide clear conclusions as the children took supplements for different amounts of time.But Jean Maurice Delabar at the Brain and Spine Institute in Paris says the findings warrant(使……有必要) larger-scale studies in young children.However，it is important to determine the correct dose，he says，because mouse studies suggest that very high amounts of EGCG can cause severe facial and skeletal abnormalities.
Delabar advises parents not to give EGCG to their children until more research has been done.“Non-prescribed use of this compound is risky at this stage，” Helen Leonard at the Telethon Kids Institute in Australia agrees，but says it can be hard for families to wait for the outcomes of long-running clinical trials.“That means the earlier this research can be done，the better，” she says.
语篇解读　文章讲述了研究人员发现绿茶中的一种成分可能会使唐氏综合征患儿的面部有较小的改变，但是这种疗法还没有确定用量，需要进一步的研究。

41.According to the passage，EGCG .
A.seems to be effective in treating patients of a certain age
B.is a substance contributing to the growth of green tea
C.has been approved for use in treating Down’s syndrome
D.is often used to improve people’s memory and reasoning
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段最后三句可知，实验表明，EGCG只对特定年龄段(3岁以下)的唐氏综合征患者有效。
42.Which of the following might Linda Gilmore agree with?
A.Parents should force children to get proper treatment.
B.Patients may feel less shameful with less facial variation.
C.Families should wait for the outcomes of the clinical trials.
D.Large amounts of EGCG may be harmful to young patients.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的“Minimizing facial variation may reduce the shameful feeling of people who suffer from Down’s syndrome”可知，Linda Gilmore认为减少面部变化会减少患者的羞耻感。故选B项。
43.What is Jean Maurice Delabar’s attitude towards giving children EGCG treatment?
A.Doubtful. B.Positive.
C.Unfavourable. D.Cautious.
答案　D
解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段第一句“Delabar advises parents not to give EGCG to their children until more research has been done.”可知，Jean Maurice Delabar建议父母们不要在进一步的研究结果出来之前给他们的孩子服用EGCG，因此她的态度是谨慎的。


44.What could be the best title of the passage?
A.Why Do Children Develop Down’s Syndrome?
B.The Challenges for Treating Down’s Syndrome
C.Can Green Tea Affect Down’s Facial Features?
D.New Ways to Cure Down’s Syndrome
答案　C
解析　标题归纳题。整篇文章讲述了研究人员发现绿茶中的一种成分可能会使唐氏综合征患儿的面部有较小的改变，但是这种疗法还没有确定用量，需要进一步的研究。故C项作为文章的标题最合适。
D
(2019·江苏七市高三二调)
UN scholars have calculated that within the next 10 years the degradation(退化) of farm and grassland could turn 50 million people into migrants.Another UN agency calculated that in the last 25 years，another 3% of the planet’s forests had been burned or cut down.
Once you have read Gaia Vince’s book，you start to register the scale of change in a fast-changing world.Adventures in the Anthropocene holds a mirror up to humanity and says：look what you have done to the world，the only world you will ever have.
The Anthropocene—the Age of Man—is a proposed new name for the quaternary(第四纪) period that we now live in，and it includes what has come to be called the Great Acceleration，in which during the last 65 years，whatever humans did，they did it faster and more effectively，and on a greater scale，while at the same time reproducing more and dying much less.
Did it take 50,000 years to reach a population of one billion？Just in the last 10 years，another billion people appeared on the planet，and by the end of this century，it could be home to 9，or 10，or 11 billion souls，each of which will hope for the minimum to sustain health and contentment.Many of them will demand a lot more，which is where the problems begin.To build cities，pave highways and establish factories，humans decades ago became the greatest earth-moving force on the planet：they each year shift more rock and soil than the wind and the rain，the rivers and the glaciers(冰川) combined.
Cities now cover 2% of the planet’s land：by 2030，this will be 10%.Over the next 80 years，the species will build a city for one million people every 10 days.To keep these cities functioning，humans will consume 18 terawatts of energy and by 2020，around 5 billion of them will have smartphones，and Internet access，and already people who are miserably poor can see，at a finger’s touch，what they are missing，and want it for themselves，and in the course of trying to get it，consume more resources and cause destruction to ecosystem.
Anyone who reads this book will have no excuse for not thinking about it.Vince doesn’t just collect the statistics of exploitation and destruction，she goes to see for herself what they mean.Like a good reporter，she tries to see both sides：she explores both the human destruction and the beneficial and sometimes amazing solutions that human wisdom can deliver.She does the legwork too：she climbs up steep mountainsides in Nepal，and in Ladakh，looks at hydroelectric plans in Patagonia，walks through the forest to get closer to a tiger，steps out in the slums near Cartagena in Colombia，and slips down an Amazon tributary in a dugout.
Everywhere in the world，the ice is disappearing，but in Ladakh，an engineer has worked out a way to make artificial glaciers to store the water for summer growth，and doing so has given the villagers not just security but a new kind of hope.In every chapter，there are excellent stories like this，glimpses(一瞥) of the other world that perhaps we could have made for ourselves.
Necessarily，to get around a topic that involves all human history and all geography too，she has to be brief，and so in every chapter，she leaves you wanting more.This is usually considered to be a good thing.Good or not，it is difficult to see.And if she helps readers understand a little better the loss and suffering lies behind the exploitation of the rare earths，then it becomes in every sense a good book.
语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。文章作者介绍了Vince的书，对此书赞不绝口。书中呼吁人们要意识到当今地球面临的困境并且做出挽救措施。

45.The statistics in the first paragraph are meant to .
A.rid people of their concerns about the earth
B.stress the gravity of the destruction of the earth
C.clarify people’s misunderstandings of the earth
D.warn people of the contradictory reports about the earth
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中列举的数据和关键词“the degradation(退化) of farm and grassland”和“planet’s forests had been burned or cut down”可知，目前地球遭受着极大的破坏。因此该段列举的数据旨在强调地球被破坏的严重性。故B选项正确。
46.The underlined part in Paragraph 3 most probably means .
A.more trees were planted and fewer of them died
B.people produced much more than they consumed
C.the birth rate was higher and the death rate was lower
D.more animals were raised and the universal rate was higher
答案　C
解析　句意理解题。句意为：我们繁衍得更多(对应C项中the birth rate was higher出生率更高了)，但是死去的人更少了(对应C项中the death rate was lower死亡率很低)。故C选项正确。
47.According to the author，the construction of cities and infrastructures will .
A.create more job opportunities for citizens
B.narrow the gap between the rich and the poor
C.promote globalization and economic development
D.cause overconsumption and ecological destruction
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句及第五段最后一句中的“consume more resources and cause destruction to the ecosystem”可知，城市和基础设施的建设会导致过度消耗和生态破坏。故D选项正确。
48.Why does the book set people thinking?
A.Vince’s own exploration made her description persuasive.
B.Vince’s adventures provide information about mysteries.
C.The book contains some practical solutions from reporters.
D.The book arouses people’s curiosity about some countries.
答案　A
解析　推理判断题。根据第六段第一、二句可知，这本书引人思考，Vince是亲身去观察的，包括该段下文详细讲述她亲自去了其他国家去感受地球遭到的破坏，由此可知是她的亲力亲为让她的书使人信服。故A选项正确。
49.Gaia Vince writes the book to .
A.justify the need of humans for a satisfying life
B.advocate uncivilized life and fast development
C.share with the readers her adventures across the world
D.reveal all we have destroyed but may yet be able to save
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据第六段内容可知，这本书的作者Vince亲自去其他国家感受地球被破坏，对应D项中的reveal all we have destroyed，根据第七段中所举的例子及其最后一句中的“the other world that perhaps we could have made for ourselves”可知，我们做出了一些挽救措施，对应D项中的may yet be able to save。故D选项正确。
50.What is the author’s attitude toward Gia Vince’s work?
A.Cautious. B.Ambiguous.
C.Casual. D.Appreciative.
答案　D
解析　观点态度题。根据第六段第一句及最后一段最后一句可知，作者认为这是一本引人思考的好书，对这本书持赞赏的态度。故D选项正确。


第四部分　任务型阅读(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
(2019·江苏五校联考)
Extreme sports are becoming increasingly popular.In fact，activities such as mountain biking，snowboarding and skateboarding continue to attract larger numbers of people every year.At the same time，a decline has been noted，for years on end，in other outside activities that are considered to be more traditional，including basketball.This is most likely linked to several factors，ranging from the increased adrenaline(肾上腺素) all the way to the positive mental and physical health aspects of participating in an extreme sport.
Extreme sports can push you to your physical and mental limits.Individuals who regularly perform feats(超群的技艺) such as going bungee jumping actually change the chemical makeup of their mind.When this happens，you become more capable of staying calm and centered in stressful situations.In other words，extreme sports can make the rest of your life easy to manage.Besides，those who participate in extreme sports are able to turn their fears into positive experiences.There probably aren’t too many people in the world who won’t feel fearful the first time they go bungee jumping.But seeing that you manage to do them will help you reduce your fear response.
We all do certain movements during the day; however，you’ve probably felt sore after doing something that isn’t on your typical daily schedule.This is because you have asked your muscles to move in an unusual way when you are working out.Although this can cause soreness，it can also be good for your overall physical fitness.When you embrace an extreme sport，you will build up different muscles of your body，and this will be a positive thing for your health.
Extreme sports task you with overcoming difficult physical challenges.If you can complete these challenges，your rewards will be much more than merely physical.Studies have found a strong link between extreme sports and a higher level of self-confidence.This makes sense when you consider the fact that accomplishing a task so physically daunting(使人畏缩的) is something that you should feel proud of.The self-confidence increase can have a positive impact on every aspect of your life，which makes extreme sports a good idea for everyone who is physically capable of meeting the great challenges.
However，before you begin any extreme sport，ensure you’re physically and mentally capable of performing the necessary tasks.Once you’re ready to begin，you’ll be able to choose from a long list of adventurous sports that are certain to get your adrenaline flowing.
Extreme sports
Introduction
Every year 51. a growing increase in extreme sports and a 52. decline in traditional outside activities.
Reasons for enjoying 53._______
•You’ll find inner 54. and focus on your task in a stressful situation.
•You will 55. respond to your fears after succeeding in doing extreme sports.
•You can 56. different muscles of your body and change your health for the 57. .
•Overcoming physical challenges
58. you to gain self-confidence，thus appealing to those who can 59. on challenges.
Suggestion
Make sure that you are well 60. physically and mentally for an extreme sport.

语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。极限运动正变得越来越受欢迎。与此同时，包括篮球在内的其他被认为比较传统的户外活动在减少。

51.答案　sees/witnesses
解析　根据第一段中第一句可知，极限运动每年都在增加，而传统的户外活动却在不断减少。故答案为sees/witnesses。
52.答案　continuous
解析　根据第一段中的“At the same time，a decline has been noted，for years on end，in other outside activities that are considered to be more traditional，including basketball.”可知，极限运动每年都在增加，而传统的户外活动却在不断减少。故答案为continuous。
53.答案　popularity/currency
解析　根据第一段最后一句及其右栏的内容可知，此处在说“受欢迎/流行的理由”，故答案为popularity/currency。
54.答案　calmness
解析　根据第二段中的“When this happens，you become more capable of staying calm and centered in stressful situations.”可知，你会在压力下找到内心的平静并专注于你的任务。故答案为calmness。
55.答案　positively/bravely
解析　根据第二段中的“those who participate in extreme sports are able to turn their fears into positive experiences”可知，在极限运动成功后，你会积极/勇敢地回应你的恐惧。故答案为positively/bravely。
56.答案　strengthen
解析　根据第三段最后一句可知，你可以加强你身体的不同肌肉，让你的健康变得更好。故答案为strengthen。
57.答案　better
解析　参考上题解析。故答案为better。
58.答案　allows/enables/helps
解析　根据第四段前三句可知，克服身体上的挑战能让你获得自信，从而吸引那些能接受挑战的人。take on承担，接受。故答案为allows/enables/helps。
59.答案　take
解析　根据第四段最后一句可知，克服身体上的挑战能让你获得自信，从而吸引那些能接受挑战的人。take on承担，接受。故答案为take。
60.答案　prepared
解析　根据最后一段内容可知，确保你已经为极限运动做好了身体和精神上的准备。故答案为prepared。
第五部分　书面表达(满分25分)
(2019·苏锡常镇四市高三一调)
请阅读下面图画和文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

写作内容
1.上面图文信息中Matti的情况实际上反映了一种社会现象，请以约30词阐述这种现象的主要内容；
2.你认为人们该以什么样的态度来对待这种社会现象？是将它当作一种社会问题加以干涉，还是当作一种正常现象给予理解？请给出理由论证你的观点(至少三点)。
写作要求
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3.不必写标题。
评分标准
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
参考范文1
These caricatures actually demonstrate a kind of social phenomenon in some people.Just like Matti，they would rather put themselves into discomfort or inconvenience than contact other people.
From my angle，we should understand this phenomenon in a sensible way，namely，treat it as a personal preference instead of a social problem.Just leave it as it is.To begin with，these people may be enjoying their lifestyle but not suffering from it.They don’t seem to ask for assistance from the outside world.Moreover，despite their different behavior from us，they do us no harm.So why should we bias against them？Isn’t a society with a variety of living styles more colourful？Admittedly，some imperfections like lack of self-confidence or incompetence may exist and indicate their temporary difficulty in life，but it means not others’ intervention but their own maturation.
To sum up，an accepting attitude is more humanistic to those special Mattis.
参考范文2
As we can see from these caricatures，shy people like Matti，are reluctant to communicate with strangers，anxious about being with unfamiliar people in public places and even nervous about meeting neighbors.
Nowadays，this kind of social phenomenon is not rare.Actually，social anxiety is getting in the way of those people’s social life.It is a common psychological problem that interferes with people’s normal routine and causes tremendous distress on a regular basis.Thus，by no means should it be ignored or treated merely as a normal social phenomenon.Instead，due attention should be given.
From my perspective，a tolerant and understanding attitude towards those people is essential.Being a considerate companion instead of pushing them too hard will do little harm to them.Also，we should never be stingy with the credit they deserve，which will definitely play a crucial role in nurturing their high self-esteem and overcoming their sense of inferiority.