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北京市西城区2020届高三二模英语试题
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西城区高三模拟测试
英语试题
本试卷共11页，120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
During a trip to New York City, Alabama woman Mary Anderson ___1___ (notice) a trolley driver couldn’t see well when it was snowing. At that point, drivers had to open the window ___2___ (clear) it, letting snow and rain into the vehicle. As a solution, Anderson designed and patented wood and rubber arms ___3___ would push rain and snow off the window at the pull of a lever (控制杆). But she was told her ___4___ (invent) was distracting and impractical, and she never profited from her design.
【答案】1. noticed
2. to clear
3. that/which
4. invention
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。该段落主要描写了Mary Anderson发明汽车挡风玻璃雨刮器，但被认为是不切实际的发明。
【1题详解】
考查时态。句意：在去纽约的旅途中，阿拉巴马州的妇女玛丽·安德森注意到一名电车司机在下雪时看不清东西。根据前一句“During a trip to New York City,在去纽约的路上…”可知notice这个动作是过去发生的，要使用一般过去时。故填noticed。
【2题详解】
考查不定式。句意：就在那时，司机不得不打开窗户去清理它。根据句意可知，打开窗户的目的是“清理”，即使用不定式做目的状语。故填to clear。
【3题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：作为解决方法，Anderson设计了一个木质的橡胶手臂并申请专利，这个手臂可以通过控制杆将车窗上的雨和雪推掉。该句为定语从句，先行词为wood and rubber arms，并在从句中做主语，应由关系代词that\which引导。故填that\which.
【4题详解】
考查名词。句意：但是她被告知她的发明会分散司机注意力，不切实际。本题中invite前为形容词性物主代词her，其后要接名词，所以将invent变为invention。故填invention。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The red-crowned crane (鹤) is one of the ___5___ (large) cranes in the world, standing at about 150cm tall. Its feathers are as white as snow, except for some black ones on its face, neck and wings. Its unique feature, from which it gets its name, is the bright red skin on the top of its head. The red-crowned crane ___6___ (find) in China, Russia, Mongolia, Japan and the Korean Peninsula (半岛). In China, it spends the warmer months in the rivers and wetlands in the north-east. ___7___ the weather gets cold, it migrates to east-central China. The red-crowned crane is a symbol of long life and good luck in Chinese culture.
【答案】5. largest
6. is found/has been found
7. When/As
【解析】
本文是说明文。介绍了丹顶鹤的外观，栖息地和象征意义。
【5题详解】
考查最高级。此处是one of句型，表示“最……之一”，其中形容词用最高级。故填largest。
【6题详解】
考查被动语态。句中主语The red-crowned crane是单数，和动词find是被动关系。此处表示丹顶鹤在中国、俄罗斯、蒙古、日本和朝鲜半岛被发现，既可表示过去发生的事，也可以指到现在为止在这些地方被发现，用现在完成时。故填is found/has been found。
【7题详解】
考查连词。句意：当天气变冷时，它迁移到中国的中东部。此处表示“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句，故填When/As。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Nearly two decades have passed since China sent the first Beidou satellite into space in 2000. During that time, more Beidou satellites were sent into orbit (轨道), ___8___ (form) the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). In late 2012, it began providing positioning, navigation, timing and messaging ___9___ (service) to people in China and other parts of the Asia-Pacific region. At the end of 2018, BDS started to serve users worldwide. Now with two more Beidou satellites ____10____ (launch) on Dec 16, 2019, BDS has 53 satellites in orbit.
【答案】8. forming
9. services
10. launched
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了自2000年中国将第一颗北斗卫星送入太空以来，已经过去了近20年。在此期间，更多的北斗卫星被送入轨道，形成北斗导航卫星系统。文章还说明了从2012年底到2019年期间，北斗系统能提供的功能和完善情况。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在此期间，更多的北斗卫星被送入轨道，形成北斗导航卫星系统。分析句子结构，form与其逻辑主语Beidou satellites之间是主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语。故填forming。
【9题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：2012年底，该公司开始向中国和亚太地区其他地区的用户提供定位、导航、定时和短信服务。service为可数名词，根据上文positioning, navigation, timing and messaging可知此处服务不止一种，故应用名词复数形式。故填services。
【10题详解】
考查with复合结构。句意：2019年12月16日，北斗系统又发射了两颗北斗卫星，现有53颗在轨卫星。这里是with复合结构，因为“北斗卫星”和“发射”之间是被动关系，所以用with + n + 过去分词结构，所以填launched。
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My Boxing Experience
This year I joined boxing class. My friend Lea and I were the only ____11____ in the class. We got to throw our first punches (拳击) and learned how we should stand. I still didn’t know how to do it well, but I felt that choosing the boxing class was the right decision. Mr. Vernon, our boxing teacher, made us work hard and sweat. The boxing pads (拳击护具) were my favorite, but my punches weren’t ____12____ enough.
After participating in more practices, we had learned how to punch in six different ways. The boys were improving a lot on their strength, and Lea with her speed, and me? Well, I had a hard time seeing the ____13____. Mr. Vernon would always tell me that practice would make me stronger, and this is what helped motivate me to ____14____.
Each practice there was at least one boy who would ____15____ me and say, “Oh you’re too short to box. Mr. Vernon has to ____16____ down when you are on the boxing pads; oh you’re not strong enough; you punch like a mouse.”
I know those comments were not to ____17____ me, but just to have fun. It’s true, I’m a small and short person and I did lack confidence; but hearing those comments can either bring you ____18____, or make you feel motivated to show them they are ____19____. In my case, they started to discourage me. I didn’t have the strength to think they were wrong, and a part of me thought that they were speaking the ____20____. I hid it inside my heart because I thought that showing that I was ____21____ myself would make it worse.
I remember one particular practice where I was mad and angry, and my punches suddenly felt stronger and faster. I was ____22____, yet I had a feeling in me that it was there all along. I just didn’t have that ____23____ in me. After practice, Mr. Vernon pointed out that I was getting stronger and better, which really made me feel more ____24____ and showed me that what the others were saying about me was wrong. I had ____25____ found the strength I needed. The following practices, Mr. Vernon was impressed with my hooks and uppercuts, because they were getting ____26____.
This experience taught me that boxing requires a lot of work and effort, but it also taught me not to feel ____27____ about what people say. If you focus on your strong points and improve on your ____28____ ones, there is no reason for you to feel disappointed. Boxing taught me how to fight, and defend myself physically and mentally, and show that short girls can do anything if they have the ____29____ to prove people wrong. Being short doesn’t ____30____ me and definitely does not limit me from doing things that tall or stronger people can do.
11 A. girls B. boys C. teenagers D. adults
12. A. large B. strong C. accurate D. quick
13. A. difference B. grade C. point D. judgement
14. A. relax B. change C. return D. continue
15. A. wave goodbye to B. take advantage of C. pay attention to D. make fun of
16. A. look B. sit C. bend D. turn
17. A. teach B. hurt C. amuse D. warn
18. A. down B. back C. along D. in
19. A. rude B. wrong C. funny D. simple
20. A. result B. word C. truth D. reason
21. A. fooling B. doubting C. convincing D. criticizing
22. A. surprised B. worried C. moved D. disappointed
23. A. relief B. fear C. anger D. interest
24. A. regretful B. comfortable C. embarrassed D. confident
25. A. eagerly B. finally C. gradually D. gratefully
26. A. normal B. reliable C. harmful D. powerful
27. A. discouraged B. ashamed C. annoyed D. confused
28. A. small B. old C. weak D. shining
29. A. experience B. curiosity C. attention D. motivation
30. A. want B. help C. define D. forgive
【答案】11. A 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. D 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. C 21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。记叙了作者学习拳击的经历，作者因为个子矮，拳击不够有力，一开始每天至少会有一个男孩子取笑作者个子矮，作者也对此感到沮丧。到后来作者终于变得越来越强大，明白了矮个子女孩只要有动力去证明别人是错的，她们就能做任何事情。个子矮并不能定义作者，也绝对不能限制作者去做那些高个或强壮的人能做的事情。
【11题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友Lea和我是班上仅有的女孩。A. girls女孩；B. boys男孩；C. teenagers青少年；D. adults成年人。根据最后一段中and show that short girls can do anything可知班上只有作者和Lea是女孩。故选A。
【12题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拳击护具是我的最爱，但我的拳击不够有力。A. large大的；B. strong有力的，强壮的；C. accurate精确的；D. quick快的。根据第二段中Mr. Vernon would always tell me that practice would make me stronger可知作者的拳击还不够有利。故选B。
【13题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：嗯，我很难看出其中的区别。A. difference区别，差异；B. grade成绩；C. point要点；D. judgement判断。根据上文The boys were improving a lot on their strength, and Lea with her speed, and me? Well, I had a hard time seeing the可知其他人都有了不同的变化，而作者还很难看到自己和以前的区别。故选A。
14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Vernon先生总是告诉我，练习会让我变得更强，而这正是我继续坚持下去的动力。A. relax放松；B. change改变；C. return返回；D. continue继续。结合上文Mr. Vernon would always tell me that practice would make me stronger, and this is what helped motivate me to可知Vernon先生的话激励作者继续下去。故选D。
【15题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：每次练习都至少有一个男孩会取笑我说:“哦，你太矮了，打不了拳击。”A. wave goodbye to挥手告别；B. take advantage of利用；C. pay attention to注意；D. make fun of取笑。根据下一段中but just to have fun.可知男孩子会取笑作者。故选D。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你在拳击场上时，Vernon先生不得不弯下腰。A. look看；B. sit坐下；C. bend弯曲；D. turn转弯。结合上文Oh you’re too short to box.可知对方取笑作者太矮了，坐在拳击护具上时，Vernon先生不得不弯下腰。bend down“弯腰”。故选C。
【17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道那些话不是要伤害我，只是为了找乐子。A. teach教；B. hurt伤害；C. amuse娱乐；D. warn警告。根据后文but just to have fun.可知男孩子取笑作者的身高，并不是为了要伤害作者，只是为了找乐子。故选B。
【18题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：没错，我个子又小又矮，我确实缺乏自信；但是，听到这些评论，要么会让你失望，要么会让你有动力向他们证明他们是错的。A. down向下；B. back回去；C. along沿着；D. in在里面。根据最后一段中there is no reason for you to feel disappointed.可知这些评论，要么会让你失望，要么会让你有动力向他们证明他们是错的。短语bring sb. down“让某人失望”。故选A。
【19题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没错，我个子又小又矮，我确实缺乏自信;但是，听到这些评论，要么会让你失望，要么会让你有动力向他们证明他们是错的。A. rude粗鲁的；B. wrong错误的；C. funny有趣的；D. simple简单的。根据后文I didn’t have the strength to think they were wrong可知此处指有动力向他们证明他们是错的。故选B。
【20题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我没有勇气去认为他们是错的，我内心有一部分认为他们说的是事实。A. result结果；B. word话语；C. truth事实；D. reason理由。根据上文It’s true, I’m a small and short person and I did lack confidence可知作者知道自己是个个子矮的人，所有听了这些男孩子的话，内心有一部分认为他们说的是事实。故选C。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把它藏在心里，因为我觉得表现出对自己的怀疑只会让事情变得更糟。A. fooling愚弄；B. doubting怀疑；C. convincing说服；D. criticizing批评。结合后文myself would make it worse.可知作者内心有一部分认为男孩子说的是事实，但是藏在心里，因为表现出对自己的怀疑只会让事情变得更糟。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很惊讶，但我有一种感觉，它一直在我心里。A. surprised惊讶的；B. worried担心的；C. moved感动的；D. disappointed失望的。结合上文I remember one particular practice where I was mad and angry, and my punches suddenly felt stronger and faster.可知作者发觉生气时拳头突然变得更有力更快了，这让作者感觉惊讶。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只是没有那么愤怒了。A. relief减轻；B. fear恐惧；C. anger愤怒；D. interest兴趣。根据上文I was mad and angry可知指愤怒。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：训练结束后，Vernon先生指出我变得越来越强壮，越来越好，这真的让我感到更加自信，也让我明白别人对我的评价是错误的。A. regretful遗憾的；B. comfortable舒服的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. confident自信的。根据第四段中It’s true, I’m a small and short person and I did lack confidence可知作者一开始并不自信，Vernon指出作者有进步后，作者感觉更加自信了。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我终于找到了我需要的力量。A. eagerly急切地；B. finally终于；C. gradually逐渐地；D. gratefully感谢地。根据后文found the strength I needed.可知作者从一开始拳击不够有力，到如今获得了Vernon先生的认可，作者终于找到了自己需要的力量。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过接下来的练习，Vernon先生对我的勾拳和上勾拳印象深刻，因为它们变得越来越有力。A. normal正常的；B. reliable可靠的；C. harmful有害的；D. powerful有力的，强大的。结合上文Mr. Vernon pointed out that I was getting stronger and better可知作者的拳击变得越来越有力了。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这段经历让我明白，拳击需要付出很多努力和艰辛，但也让我明白，不要对别人说的话感到气馁。A. discouraged气馁的，灰心的；B. ashamed羞愧的；C. annoyed恼怒的；D. confused困惑的。根据倒数第三段中In my case, they started to discourage me.可知作者明白了不要对别人说的话感到气馁。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你专注于自己的优点，改进自己的缺点，你就没有理由感到失望。A. small小的；B. old老的；C. weak弱的，虚弱的；D. shining光亮的。根据上文If you focus on your strong points and improve on your可知作者认为要专注于自己的优点，改进自己的缺点，就没有理由感到失望了。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：拳击教会了我如何战斗，如何在身体上和精神上保护自己，也告诉我矮个子女孩只要有动力去证明别人是错的，她们就能做任何事情。A. experience经历；B. curiosity好奇心；C. attention注意力；D. motivation动机。根据倒数第三段中or make you feel motivated to show them可知此处指有动力去证明别人是错的。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：矮个子并不能定义我，也绝对不能限制我做那些高个或强壮的人能做的事情。A. want想要；B. help帮助；C. define定义；D. forgive原谅。结合后文me and definitely does not limit me from doing things that tall or stronger people can do.可知个子矮并不能定义作者，也绝对不能限制作者去做那些高个或强壮的人能做的事情。故选C。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
THE OLYMPIC STUDIES CENTRE
YOUR SOURCE OF REFERENCE FOR OLYMPIC KNOWLEDGE
The IOC Olympic Studies Centre is the world source of reference for Olympic knowledge. Our mission is to share this knowledge with professionals and researchers through providing information, giving access to our unique collections, enabling research and stimulating intellectual exchange.
As part of the IOC, we are uniquely placed to collect and share the most up-to-date and accurate information on Olympism. Our collections include the IOC archives (档案), the official publications of the IOC and the Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games as well as books, articles and journals.
HERE TO HELP
Whatever your interest in the Olympic Movement—academic or professional—we will help you find the information you need, quickly and easily. We’re here to:
Answer your questions: share factual and historical information, Games results and statistics
Give personalized guidance: help you find what you need in our extensive library and archives
Lend you books and publications, even internationally
Give you online access: to our electronic documents
Award research grants: to PhD students and established researchers
Connect you to our network: of academic experts in Olympic studies
Join the academic community interested in Olympic studies
One of our key roles is to facilitate communication and cooperation between the IOC and the international academic community in order to promote research and stimulate intellectual exchange.
This worldwide community is mainly composed of over 40 Olympic Studies Centers and hundreds of individual scholars and university students working on academic projects related to the field of Olympic studies.
Thanks to this regular exchange and the work conducted by the academics, we enrich the world’s Olympic knowledge, share new analysis on key topics related to the Olympic Movement and can provide guidance to universities wishing to launch initiatives on Olympic studies.
Join our academic mailing list
University professors and researchers are invited to join our academic mailing list to be informed about our future activities and other updates concerning Olympic studies initiatives. To join, email us with a brief description of your academic status and your full contact details.
VISIT US
You’ll find us next door to the Olympic Museum in Lausanne, Switzerland. We’re open Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm, except on public holidays and on Christmas. You don’t need an appointment to use the library and the study rooms. If you would like to see the historical archives or need personal guidance to find your way around our collections, please fill out our visitor request form.
31. The Olympic Studies Center mainly aims to ________.
A. give personalized guidance
B. provide resources on the Olympics
C. receive Olympic fans across the world
D. update information on Olympism for officials
32. What can be learned about the academic community?
A. It is organized by Olympic officials.
B. It launches projects at universities.
C. It promotes academic exchanges.
D. It provides electronic documents.
33. If you want to visit the center, you have to ________.
A. fill out a visitor request form B. enter the Olympic Museum
C. make an appointment D. arrive on workdays
【答案】31. B 32. C 33. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍奥林匹克研究中心。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第一句The IOC Olympic Studies Centre is the world source of reference for Olympic knowledge.“国际奥委会奥林匹克研究中心是世界奥林匹克知识的参考来源。”由此可知，奥林匹克研究中心的主要目标是提供有关奥林匹克的资源。故选B。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据Join the academic community interested in Olympic studies中One of our key roles is to facilitate communication and cooperation between the IOC and the international academic community in order to promote research and stimulate intellectual exchange.“我们的主要作用之一是促进国际奥委会和国际学术界之间的交流与合作，以促进研究和促进智力交流。”由此可知，关于学术界，它促进学术交流。故选C。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据VISIT US中You’ll find us next door to the Olympic Museum in Lausanne, Switzerland. We’re open Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm, except on public holidays and on Christmas“我们就在瑞士洛桑奥林匹克博物馆隔壁。我们周一至周五上午9点至下午5点营业，公众假期和圣诞节除外。”由此可知，如果你想参观这个中心，你必须在工作日到达。故选D。
B
A struggling Waffle House employee who was trying to serve nearly 30 people by himself after midnight got a full serving of kindness when some customers jumped behind the counter to help him.
Ethan Crispo, 24, witnessed the inspiring scene in the early hours of Nov. 3 at a Waffle House in Birmingham, Alabama.
Crispo told TODAY’s Kerry Sanders that he had come to the 24-hour restaurant from a friend’s birthday party and saw the struggling employee, identified only as Ben, trying to cook the food, serve it, bus tables and wash dishes while more than 25 people were waiting to eat.
“The look on his face was just confusion,” Crispo told Sanders.
An unidentified male customer then decided to help him out, grabbing an apron and going behind the counter to wash dishes.
Another customer, Alison Stanley, went behind the counter to make some coffee—still dressed from a night out on the town.
“I don’t think it’s anything special,” Stanley told Sanders. “He needed help, so I got up and helped out.”
Crispo took some photos of the scene as multiple customers worked to bus tables and wash dishes while Ben focused on taking orders and preparing the food.
Waffle House told TODAY that Ben was left to support himself due to a scheduling issue.
“We had two associates scheduled to leave, however, due to a communication mix-up, their relief did not show up on time,” Waffle House director of PR Pat Warner said in a statement. “That left Ben, our cook, alone in the restaurant with hungry customers. He worked the grill (烤架) and got the orders out.”
The company was also thankful for the customers who joined in and helped Ben out.
“We are grateful that many of our customers feel like they are part of our Waffle House family,” Warner said. “There is a sense of community in each and every one of our restaurants, and we appreciate the fact that they consider our associates like family.”
“We are also very thankful for Ben, who kept the restaurant open. He is a representative of our Waffle House culture by always putting the customers first.”
Crispo had his usual order, double plain waffle, as he took in the scene of strangers helping out Ben on his shift.
“Humanity truly isn’t good, it’s great!” he said.
34. Ben was left to work alone during his midnight shift because ________.
A. his associates asked for a leave B. there was a scheduling mistake
C. few customers needed to be served D. the restaurant was scheduled to close
35. Some customers helped Ben out by ________.
A washing dishes B. taking photos
C. taking orders D. cooking food
36. Why did the customers lend a helping hand according to Pat Warner?
A. They shared the same community spirit. B. They were family members of Ben.
C. They wanted to serve themselves. D. They were too hungry to wait.
37. How did Crispo feel as a witness of the scene?
A. Lucky and excited. B. Moved and inspired.
C. Relieved and hopeful. D. Content and unbelievable.
【答案】34. B 35. A 36. A 37. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了一家华夫饼屋由于人员安排的失误，导致只剩一名员工招待顾客，鉴于此，顾客们纷纷主动帮助员工。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。由第十段“We had two associates scheduled to leave, however, due to a communication mix-up, their relief did not show up on time,” Waffle House director of PR Pat Warner said in a statement. “That left Ben, our cook, alone in the restaurant with hungry customers. He worked the grill (烤架) and got the orders out.”可知，华夫饼屋公关总监帕特·沃纳在一份声明中称:“我们有两名员工计划离开，但由于沟通失误，他们换班着没有及时出现。这就剩下我们的厨师本和饥饿的顾客们在餐厅里。他既要负责烤架还要负责订单了。”由此判断出，因为换班人员的安排出了问题，导致Ben一个人在工作，故选B项。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。由第五段“An unidentified male customer then decided to help him out, grabbing an apron and going behind the counter to wash dishes.”和第八段“Crispo took some photos of the scene as multiple customers worked to bus tables and wash dishes while Ben focused on taking orders and preparing the food.”可知，“一位身份不明的男性顾客决定帮他一把，抓起围裙，跑到柜台后面洗盘子。”“克里斯波拍下了现场的一些照片，当时许多顾客都在清理桌子和洗碗，而本则在专心点单和准备食物”。由此可见，一些顾客帮忙洗盘子，收拾桌子。故选A项。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。由第十二段“We are grateful that many of our customers feel like they are part of our Waffle House family,” Warner said. “There is a sense of community in each and every one of our restaurants, and we appreciate the fact that they consider our associates like family.”可知，“很多顾客觉得自己是我们华夫饼屋的一份子，对此我们很感激，”华纳说。“我们的每一家餐厅都有一种社区意识，我们很感激他们把我们的员工当成家人。”由此可见，店里的顾客将自己视为华夫饼屋的成员，大家都有一种社区意识，彼此互相帮忙。故选A项。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段“Ethan Crispo, 24, witnessed the inspiring scene in the early hours of Nov. 3 at a Waffle House in Birmingham, Alabama.”11月3日凌晨，24岁的克里斯波在阿拉巴马州伯明翰的一家华夫饼屋目睹了这令人振奋的一幕。最后一段“Humanity truly isn’t good, it’s great!”可知，克里斯波认为：人性不是好，是伟大！由此判断出他目睹了这一切，被感动，被激励，发出了对人性的感叹。故选B项。
【点睛】细节理解题顾名思义要抓住细节，将原文的细节信息跟题目和题干进行比对，选出正确选项。例如第2题，题目问：一些顾客怎样帮助本？由第五段“An unidentified male customer then decided to help him out, grabbing an apron and going behind the counter to wash dishes.”和第八段“Crispo took some photos of the scene as multiple customers worked to bus tables and wash dishes while Ben focused on taking orders and preparing the food.”可知，“一位身份不明的男性顾客决定帮他一把，抓起围裙，跑到柜台后面洗盘子。”“克里斯波拍下了现场的一些照片，当时许多顾客都在清理桌子和洗碗，而本则在专心点单和准备食物”。由此可见，一些顾客帮忙洗盘子，收拾桌子。故选A项。
C
Chicken is America’s most popular meat. Many people assume chicken follows a simple rule-of-thumb: Pink chicken turned white means “done.” It’s similar to how we cook other meats. But is this true? To study how cooks at home follow safety recommendations, researchers filmed 75 households in five European countries. From a random but nonrepresentative sample, they also conducted an online survey of nearly 4,000 households in the same countries that say they cook chicken.
Worried that chicken would dry out, most home cooks determined doneness by color and texture (口感) inside the meat, they found. Few bothered with thermometers (温度计), claiming they took too much time, were too complicated to use, didn’t fit in the chicken or weren’t necessary (although easy-to-use thermometers are inexpensive and widely available).
In additional lab experiments, the scientists injected raw chicken breast with bacteria (细菌), which cause millions of sicknesses, thousands of hospitalizations and hundreds of deaths each year in the United States. They cooked the breasts until they reached core temperatures ranging from 122 to 158 Fahrenheit, and they discovered something surprising. At 158 degrees, but not lower, bacteria inside the chickens’ cores was reduced to safe levels, and when cut open its flesh appeared dull and fibrous, not shiny like raw chicken. But meat began changing from pink to white far below this, and most color change occurred below 131 degrees Fahrenheit. Sometimes, the chicken’s core would be safely cooked, but unsafe levels of bacteria still existed on surfaces that hadn’t touched the grill plate.
So what are you supposed to do?
Dr. Bruno Goussault, a scientist and chef, recommends buying and cooking breasts and legs separately. Bring the breast’s core to 165 degrees Fahrenheit, he said, and the leg to between 168.8 and 172.4 Fahrenheit. If you really want to safely measure temperature for a whole chicken, insert a pop-up thermometer into the thickest part of the leg before roasting it, Dr. Goussault suggests. By the time it pops, the breasts will have long cooked. They will likely be dry and far from his standards of culinary (烹饪的) perfection. But you’ll be sure to, as Dr. Goussault says in French, “dormir sur ses deux oreilles,” or, figuratively, “sleep peacefully.”
38. Why didn’t home cooks measure temperature with a thermometer?
A. They could not afford it. B. It affected the taste of the meat.
C. It was not available in supermarkets. D. They thought it was too much trouble.
39. In lab experiments, when the temperature reached 158 Fahrenheit, the meat .
A. was free of bacteria B. still remained pink
C. appeared to dry out D. was reduced in size
40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?
A. The meat does not taste best when bacteria free.
B. The leg becomes fully cooked before the breast.
C. A whole chicken requires a higher temperature.
D. The thermometer should be placed inside the breast.
41. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Food safety. B. Simple lifestyle.
C. Cooking skills. D. Kitchen equipment.
【答案】38. D 39. C 40. A 41. A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文，文章通过描述科学家所做的鸡胸和鸡腿的烹饪温度的测量实验，说明如何烹饪鸡肉才是安全的。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第二段Few bothered with thermometers (温度计), claiming they took too much time, were too complicated to use,didn’t fit in the chicken or weren’t necessary.很少有人为温度计费心，宣称他们花费了太多的时间，太复杂而不能使用，不适合鸡肉也没必要。可知，人们会觉得用温度计比较麻烦，与选项D内容相符，故选D项。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段At 158 degrees, but not lower, bacteria inside the chickens’ cores was reduced to safe levels, and when cut open its flesh appeared dull and fibrous, not shiny like raw chicken.在158度时，但不是更低，鸡核心的细菌降到了安全水平，当被切开时，鸡肉显得枯燥和纤维状，不像生鸡肉肉质那么光滑。可知，到了158度时，鸡肉会显得干燥和纤维状，与选项C内容相符，故选C项。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段Bring the breast’s core to 165 degrees Fahrenheit, he said, and the leg to between 168.8 and 172.4 Fahrenheit.鸡胸的核心温度要达到165度，他说，鸡腿的温度要达到168.8度和172.4度之间。和They will likely be dry and far from his standards of culinary (烹饪的) perfection.他们可能会干燥，而且与完美的烹饪标准也相去甚远。可知，鸡胸和鸡腿的安全烹饪温度分别为165度，168.8度和172.4度之间，这时细菌几乎被杀死了，所以食用是比较安全的，但此时口感和味道却不那么好了。与选项A内容相符，故选A项。
41题详解】
主旨大意题。由文章第一段To study how cooks at home follow safety recommendations, researchers filmed 75 households in five European countries.为了研究在家烹饪如何遵守安全的建议，研究者们在5个欧洲国家拍摄了75个家庭的烹饪情况。可知，文章讲述的是在家烹饪时的食品安全问题，与选项A内容相符，故选A项。
【点睛】主旨大意题是阅读理解的常见题型，做这类题时，一般会有如下思路：1.关注首段或是最后一段，这两个位置往往会有体现文章主旨的句子。2.如没有主旨句，要通读全文，自己概括出文章大意。例如小题4就依据第一个思路，由第一段To study how cooks at home follow safety recommendations, researchers filmed 75 households in five European countries. 为了研究在家烹饪如何遵守安全的建议，研究者们在5个欧洲国家拍摄了75个家庭的烹饪情况。再结合文章的描述，可知本文讲述的是在家烹饪时食品安全的问题，故选A项。
D
Upskilling is the future—but it must work for everyone
Automation and job replacement will be one of the most significant challenges for the global economy of the coming decades. A 2017 Mckinsey report established that 375 million workers will need to switch occupational categories by 2030. The World Economic Forum suggests that by 2022, automation will replace 75 million jobs globally—but create 133 million new ones.
Research into the likelihood that a job will be impacted by digitization has largely focused on the “automatability” of the role and the following economic regional and political effects of this. What this research doesn’t take into account is something more important for the millions of taxi drivers and retail workers across the globe: their likelihood of being able to change to another job that isn’t automatable. Recent research suggests that the answer to this may be that the skills that enable workers to move up the ladder to more complex roles within their current areas might be less important than broader skills that will enable workers to change across divisions.
In July, Amazon announced that it would spend $700 million retraining around 30% of its 300,000 US workforce. While praiseworthy, it will be interesting to see the outcome. In the UK, the National Retraining Scheme has largely been led by employers, meaning that those on zero-hours contracts and part-time workers—often low-skilled—will miss out. Governance will be a crucial element of ensuring that such schemes focus on individuals and life-long learning, rather than upskilling workers into roles that will soon also face automation.
According to the Mckinsey report, “growing awareness of the scale of the task ahead has yet to translate into action. Public spending on labour-force training and support has fallen for years in most member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development,” which impacts more than just the low-skilled and poorly compensated.
The global impact of automation is also put into relief by research demonstrating that, between 1988 and 2015, income inequality increased throughout the world. Billions of people do not have the essentials of life as defined by the UN Sustainable Development goals.
Alongside climate change, automation is arguably tech’s biggest challenge. As with globalization, governments and employers—and us workers—ignore its potential consequences at risk to ourselves.
42. It can be known from Paragraph 2 that .
A. recent research has found ways to face automation
B. broad skills are of great significance in changing jobs
C. regional economy can affect the automatability of a job
D. it is even harder for workers to move up the social ladder
43. What is the author’s attitude towards retraining programs?
A. Supportive. B. Critical.
C. Skeptical. D. Sympathetic.
44. According to the author, what is one consequence of automation?
A. Less spending on training. B. A slowdown of globalization.
C. Social unrest and instability. D. An increase in income inequality.
45. The passage is written to .
A. argue the urgency of creating new jobs B. compare globalization with automation
C. analyze the automatability of certain jobs D. stress the importance of upskilling workers
【答案】42. B 43. C 44. D 45. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了自动化和就业替代将是未来几十年全球经济面临的最重大挑战之一，而要应对这一趋势，当务之急是提高自身技能，尤其是跨部门跳槽所需的广泛技能。文章说明了再培训项目存在的问题，指出除了气候变化，自动化可以说是科技面临的最大挑战。就像全球化一样，政府和雇主——以及美国工人——忽视了全球化对我们自身的潜在影响。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中Recent research suggests that the answer to this may be that the skills that enable workers to move up the ladder to more complex roles within their current areas might be less important than broader skills that will enable workers to change across divisions.可知最近的研究表明，这个问题的答案可能是，使工人能够在其目前的领域内晋升到更复杂的角色的技能，可能不如使工人能够跨部门转换的更广泛的技能重要。由此可知，广泛的技能在换工作中是非常重要的。故选B。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中In the UK, the National Retraining Scheme has largely been led by employers, meaning that those on zero-hours contracts and part-time workers—often low-skilled—will miss out.可知在英国，国家再培训计划在很大程度上是由雇主主导的，这意味着那些签订零时合同的人和兼职工人——往往技能低下——将会错过机会。由此可推知，作者对再培训计划持怀疑态度。故选C。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中The global impact of automation is also put into relief by research demonstrating that, between 1988 and 2015, income inequality increased throughout the world.可知研究表明，1988年至2015年期间，世界各地的收入不平等现象加剧，这也让自动化对全球的影响得到了缓解。由此可推知，作者认为自动化的一个后果是收入不平等加剧。故选D。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章标题Upskilling is the future—but it must work for everyone(技能提升是未来的趋势，但它必须适用于每个人)结合文章主要说明了自动化和就业替代将是未来几十年全球经济面临的最重大挑战之一，而要应对这一趋势，当务之急是提高自身技能，尤其是跨部门跳槽所需的广泛技能。文章说明了再培训项目存在的问题，指出除了气候变化，自动化可以说是科技面临的最大挑战。就像全球化一样，政府和雇主——以及美国工人——忽视了全球化对我们自身的潜在影响。由此可推知，这篇文章是为了强调提高工人技能的重要性。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The world is full of distractions. Unfortunately, the world also requires us to work. Coping with the first while still doing enough of the second is … sorry, where am I?
Ah, yes, the world is full of distractions. If you work in an office, it might be emails, phone calls or colleagues with questions to ask. If you are at home, it might be the contents of the fridge or a sudden fixation on dust mites (尘螨) under the sofa. Sometimes it takes even less. If you are sitting and doing work and someone near you says something particularly interesting, that can pull your focus. ___46___
So, how can we stay focused in our wandering minds? ____47____ And put your smartphone and other irrelevant screens away—they attract our attention even if they are off. If you tend to pop on headphones and use music to shut out distractions, avoid listening to anything familiar. Knowing the words or tune well will distract you even more.
___48___ If you are doing something repetitive like stuffing envelopes or laying bricks, being distracted by listening to music or a podcast or engaging in a conversation with a co-worker can ultimately boost productivity. ____49____ Jihae Shin, now at the university of Wisconsin-Madison, has found that when people played Minesweeper for five minutes before coming up with new business ideas, they were more creative than those who didn’t play.
___50___ In general, this is the enemy of productivity: it encourages mistakes, stops us from completing things, promotes forgetfulness and lowers the quality of writing. But when we are trying to come up with creative solutions, task-switching distractions can help prevent "cognitive fixation" on ineffective approaches. So if you are a creative type, try lining up two or more tasks and spend your day switching between them. Or if that doesn’t work, just go play with your phone.
A. Not all distractions are bad, however.
B. Switching between tasks can also help.
C. Creativity can benefit from distraction too.
D. Switching off email or messaging services helps.
E. But you are not good at dealing with distractions.
F. If you have trouble concentrating, I suggest you try the following ideas.
G. If you are not careful, you will end up your day with nothing accomplished.
【答案】46. G 47. D 48. A 49. C 50. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。这个世界充满了干扰。不幸的是，世界也需要我们工作。文章就如何在走神的时候保持专注提出了一些建议。
【46题详解】
根据上文If you work in an office, it might be emails, phone calls or colleagues with questions to ask. If you are at home, it might be the contents of the fridge or a sudden fixation on dust mites under the sofa. Sometimes it takes even less. If you are sitting and doing work and someone near you says something particularly interesting, that can pull your focus.可知如果你在办公室工作，可能会通过电子邮件、电话或同事提出问题。如果你在家，可能是冰箱里的东西或沙发下突然粘上了尘螨。有时甚至只需更少的事物就能转移你的注意力。如果你正坐着工作，旁边有人说了一些特别有趣的话，这会吸引你的注意力。由此可知，本句承接上文说明，世界上充满了让人分心的事情，如果你一不小心被这些东西转移了注意力，那么你的一天就会一事无成。故G选项“如果你一不小心，你这一天就会一事无成”符合上下文语境，故选G。
【47题详解】
根据后文And put your smartphone and other irrelevant screens away—they attract our attention even if they are off.可知把你的智能手机和其他不相关的屏幕放在一边——即使它们处于关闭状态，它们也会吸引我们的注意力。由此可知，此处是在说明关闭有网络通讯的电子产品或将这些产品放在一边，能够有助于在走神的时候保持专注。故D选项“关闭电子邮件或信息服务会有所帮助”符合上下文语境，故选D。
【48题详解】
根据后文If you are doing something repetitive like stuffing envelopes or laying bricks, being distracted by listening to music or a podcast or engaging in a conversation with a co-worker can ultimately boost productivity.可知如果你在做一些重复性的事情，比如装信封或砌砖，那么听音乐、听播客或和同事聊天会让你分心，这最终会提高工作效率。由此可知，此处是在说明并不是所有的分心都是不好的，有些分心会提高工作效率。故A选项“然而，并不是所有的分心都是不好的”符合上下文语境，故选A。
【49题详解】
根据后文Jihae Shin, now at the university of Wisconsin-Madison, has found that when people played Minesweeper for five minutes before coming up with new business ideas, they were more creative than those who didn’t play.可知威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的Jihae Shin发现，当人们在想出新商业点子前玩《扫雷》五分钟时，他们比不玩的人更有创造力。由此可知，分散注意力对创造力也有好处。后文中creative“创造性的”可对应到C选项中Creativity“创造力”。故C选项“分散注意力对创造力也有好处”符合上下文语境，故选C。
【50题详解】
根据后文But when we are trying to come up with creative solutions, task-switching distractions can help prevent "cognitive fixation" on ineffective approaches. So if you are a creative type, try lining up two or more tasks and spend your day switching between them.可知但当我们试图想出创造性的解决方案时，任务转换的干扰可以帮助防止对无效方法的“认知固着”。所以，如果你是一个有创造力的人，试着把两个或更多的任务排列起来，然后花一天的时间在它们之间切换。由此可知，本段是在建议在不同的任务之间切换，可以有助于保持专注。故B选项“在不同任务之间切换也会有所帮助”符合上下文语境，故选B。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）
第一节（15分）
51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim询问你高考之后对大学生活和学习会有哪些准备。请你给他回邮件，内容包括：
1.对大学生活和学习的准备；
2.进行这些准备的理由。
注意: 1.词数不少于50；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I would very much like to share my holiday plans with you. Last week, you asked about how I was preparing for my future college life. Now, I’d like to tell you.
As for my future life at university, I’ve decided to take gardening as my major and hope to be admitted to China Agricultural University. Because I’m very interested in planting flowers and have been taught by my mother how to take care of them, I want to learn more in the future. This vacation, I plan to read some books about botany to equip myself with more knowledge. I will also work in Beijing Botanical Garden as a volunteer to learn about landscape architecture. All of these preparations will definitely enrich my horticulture experience, which will make my college studies much more enjoyable.
I wonder what you will do this holiday. Maybe you’d like to share your plans with me in the next email.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封电子邮件。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封电子邮件：假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim询问你高考之后对大学生活和学习会有哪些准备。请你给他回邮件，内容包括：1.对大学生活和学习的准备；2.进行这些准备的理由。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：share my holiday plans with you（和你分享假日计划）；As for my future life at university,（至于我未来的大学生活，）；how to take care of them（如何照顾它们）；等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。同时文中使用高级句子。As for my future life at university, I’ve decided to take gardening as my major and hope to be admitted to China Agricultural University.动词不定式作宾语；Because I’m very interested in planting flowers and have been taught by my mother how to take care of them, I want to learn more in the future.句中使用原因状语从句和现在完成时态的被动语态；All of these preparations will definitely enrich my horticulture experience, which will make my college studies much more enjoyable.非限制性定语从句用在句中。
第二节（20分）
52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。端午节将至，上周末你和父母去看望爷爷奶奶，并学习了包粽子。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，为校刊“英语角”投稿，记述整个过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】With the Dragon Boat Festival right around the corner, last weekend, my parents and I went to see my grandparents. We enjoyed our family time together.
Before going to my grandparents’ home, we went shopping in the nearby supermarket for groceries. We bought some of my grandparents’ favorite food as well as sticky rice and bamboo leaves—ingredients to make the traditional food that we eat during Dragon Boat Festival, Zongzi.
Carrying all our purchases, we went to my grandparents’. Not having seen one another for some time, we were all very happy for the get-together. My grandparents had missed us very much.
After a pleasant chitchat, exchanging the latest news in our lives, I asked my grandma to teach me how to make Zongzi. Grandma then began showing me the “standard procedure” in Zongzi making—soaking the sticky rice and bamboo leaves and washing the red dates. Seeing the bowls and plates of different sizes, I was almost overwhelmed. I had never realized it would take so much delicate handwork to make a Zongzi. However, my grandma proved a great teacher, and I a quick learner.
After making the Zongzi, we sat down to a full table of family traditional dishes that my parents had cooked. Not only did we enjoy the delicious meal, but also the funny stories that were told around the dinner table. It’s true, laughter is the best medicine.
I was so happy that my whole family praised my Zongzi and to see their smiling faces after taking the first bite, it really made my day. I’ll always remember this day. For sure, nothing beats quality time together with family.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于图画作文。
【详解】第一步：根据提示可知，假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。端午节将至，上周末你和父母去看望爷爷奶奶，并学习了包粽子。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，为校刊“英语角”投稿，记述整个过程。
第二步：根据图片确定文章内容和关键词语，第一幅图要表达看望爷爷奶奶之前，去超市买礼物和包粽子的材料；第二幅图表达见到爷爷奶奶的高兴之情；第三幅图表达全家人一起包粽子，作者学包粽子；第四幅图表达全家一起进餐、吃粽子、谈笑。关键词语有：went shopping, sticky rice and bamboo leaves, get-together, Zongzi making, traditional dishes, laughter.
第三步：根据提示和关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。本文用一般过去时。
第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接和过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如Carrying all our purchases和Not having seen one another for some time运用了非谓语动词；ingredients to make the traditional food that we eat during Dragon Boat Festival, Zongzi.和we sat down to a full table of family traditional dishes that my parents had cooked.运用了定语从句；I had never realized it would take so much delicate handwork to make a Zongzi.运用了宾语从句；Not only did we enjoy the delicious meal, but also the funny stories that were told around the dinner table.运用了倒装句和定语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。文章思路清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
英语试题
本试卷共11页，120分。考试时长100分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）
第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
During a trip to New York City, Alabama woman Mary Anderson ___1___ (notice) a trolley driver couldn’t see well when it was snowing. At that point, drivers had to open the window ___2___ (clear) it, letting snow and rain into the vehicle. As a solution, Anderson designed and patented wood and rubber arms ___3___ would push rain and snow off the window at the pull of a lever (控制杆). But she was told her ___4___ (invent) was distracting and impractical, and she never profited from her design.
【答案】1. noticed
2. to clear
3. that/which
4. invention
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。该段落主要描写了Mary Anderson发明汽车挡风玻璃雨刮器，但被认为是不切实际的发明。
【1题详解】
考查时态。句意：在去纽约的旅途中，阿拉巴马州的妇女玛丽·安德森注意到一名电车司机在下雪时看不清东西。根据前一句“During a trip to New York City,在去纽约的路上…”可知notice这个动作是过去发生的，要使用一般过去时。故填noticed。
【2题详解】
考查不定式。句意：就在那时，司机不得不打开窗户去清理它。根据句意可知，打开窗户的目的是“清理”，即使用不定式做目的状语。故填to clear。
【3题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：作为解决方法，Anderson设计了一个木质的橡胶手臂并申请专利，这个手臂可以通过控制杆将车窗上的雨和雪推掉。该句为定语从句，先行词为wood and rubber arms，并在从句中做主语，应由关系代词that\which引导。故填that\which.
【4题详解】
考查名词。句意：但是她被告知她的发明会分散司机注意力，不切实际。本题中invite前为形容词性物主代词her，其后要接名词，所以将invent变为invention。故填invention。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
The red-crowned crane (鹤) is one of the ___5___ (large) cranes in the world, standing at about 150cm tall. Its feathers are as white as snow, except for some black ones on its face, neck and wings. Its unique feature, from which it gets its name, is the bright red skin on the top of its head. The red-crowned crane ___6___ (find) in China, Russia, Mongolia, Japan and the Korean Peninsula (半岛). In China, it spends the warmer months in the rivers and wetlands in the north-east. ___7___ the weather gets cold, it migrates to east-central China. The red-crowned crane is a symbol of long life and good luck in Chinese culture.
【答案】5. largest
6. is found/has been found
7. When/As
【解析】
本文是说明文。介绍了丹顶鹤的外观，栖息地和象征意义。
【5题详解】
考查最高级。此处是one of句型，表示“最……之一”，其中形容词用最高级。故填largest。
【6题详解】
考查被动语态。句中主语The red-crowned crane是单数，和动词find是被动关系。此处表示丹顶鹤在中国、俄罗斯、蒙古、日本和朝鲜半岛被发现，既可表示过去发生的事，也可以指到现在为止在这些地方被发现，用现在完成时。故填is found/has been found。
【7题详解】
考查连词。句意：当天气变冷时，它迁移到中国的中东部。此处表示“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句，故填When/As。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Nearly two decades have passed since China sent the first Beidou satellite into space in 2000. During that time, more Beidou satellites were sent into orbit (轨道), ___8___ (form) the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS). In late 2012, it began providing positioning, navigation, timing and messaging ___9___ (service) to people in China and other parts of the Asia-Pacific region. At the end of 2018, BDS started to serve users worldwide. Now with two more Beidou satellites ____10____ (launch) on Dec 16, 2019, BDS has 53 satellites in orbit.
【答案】8. forming
9. services
10. launched
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了自2000年中国将第一颗北斗卫星送入太空以来，已经过去了近20年。在此期间，更多的北斗卫星被送入轨道，形成北斗导航卫星系统。文章还说明了从2012年底到2019年期间，北斗系统能提供的功能和完善情况。
【8题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在此期间，更多的北斗卫星被送入轨道，形成北斗导航卫星系统。分析句子结构，form与其逻辑主语Beidou satellites之间是主动关系，用现在分词作结果状语。故填forming。
【9题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：2012年底，该公司开始向中国和亚太地区其他地区的用户提供定位、导航、定时和短信服务。service为可数名词，根据上文positioning, navigation, timing and messaging可知此处服务不止一种，故应用名词复数形式。故填services。
【10题详解】
考查with复合结构。句意：2019年12月16日，北斗系统又发射了两颗北斗卫星，现有53颗在轨卫星。这里是with复合结构，因为“北斗卫星”和“发射”之间是被动关系，所以用with + n + 过去分词结构，所以填launched。
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My Boxing Experience
This year I joined boxing class. My friend Lea and I were the only ____11____ in the class. We got to throw our first punches (拳击) and learned how we should stand. I still didn’t know how to do it well, but I felt that choosing the boxing class was the right decision. Mr. Vernon, our boxing teacher, made us work hard and sweat. The boxing pads (拳击护具) were my favorite, but my punches weren’t ____12____ enough.
After participating in more practices, we had learned how to punch in six different ways. The boys were improving a lot on their strength, and Lea with her speed, and me? Well, I had a hard time seeing the ____13____. Mr. Vernon would always tell me that practice would make me stronger, and this is what helped motivate me to ____14____.
Each practice there was at least one boy who would ____15____ me and say, “Oh you’re too short to box. Mr. Vernon has to ____16____ down when you are on the boxing pads; oh you’re not strong enough; you punch like a mouse.”
I know those comments were not to ____17____ me, but just to have fun. It’s true, I’m a small and short person and I did lack confidence; but hearing those comments can either bring you ____18____, or make you feel motivated to show them they are ____19____. In my case, they started to discourage me. I didn’t have the strength to think they were wrong, and a part of me thought that they were speaking the ____20____. I hid it inside my heart because I thought that showing that I was ____21____ myself would make it worse.
I remember one particular practice where I was mad and angry, and my punches suddenly felt stronger and faster. I was ____22____, yet I had a feeling in me that it was there all along. I just didn’t have that ____23____ in me. After practice, Mr. Vernon pointed out that I was getting stronger and better, which really made me feel more ____24____ and showed me that what the others were saying about me was wrong. I had ____25____ found the strength I needed. The following practices, Mr. Vernon was impressed with my hooks and uppercuts, because they were getting ____26____.
This experience taught me that boxing requires a lot of work and effort, but it also taught me not to feel ____27____ about what people say. If you focus on your strong points and improve on your ____28____ ones, there is no reason for you to feel disappointed. Boxing taught me how to fight, and defend myself physically and mentally, and show that short girls can do anything if they have the ____29____ to prove people wrong. Being short doesn’t ____30____ me and definitely does not limit me from doing things that tall or stronger people can do.
11 A. girls B. boys C. teenagers D. adults
12. A. large B. strong C. accurate D. quick
13. A. difference B. grade C. point D. judgement
14. A. relax B. change C. return D. continue
15. A. wave goodbye to B. take advantage of C. pay attention to D. make fun of
16. A. look B. sit C. bend D. turn
17. A. teach B. hurt C. amuse D. warn
18. A. down B. back C. along D. in
19. A. rude B. wrong C. funny D. simple
20. A. result B. word C. truth D. reason
21. A. fooling B. doubting C. convincing D. criticizing
22. A. surprised B. worried C. moved D. disappointed
23. A. relief B. fear C. anger D. interest
24. A. regretful B. comfortable C. embarrassed D. confident
25. A. eagerly B. finally C. gradually D. gratefully
26. A. normal B. reliable C. harmful D. powerful
27. A. discouraged B. ashamed C. annoyed D. confused
28. A. small B. old C. weak D. shining
29. A. experience B. curiosity C. attention D. motivation
30. A. want B. help C. define D. forgive
【答案】11. A 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. D 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. C 21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。记叙了作者学习拳击的经历，作者因为个子矮，拳击不够有力，一开始每天至少会有一个男孩子取笑作者个子矮，作者也对此感到沮丧。到后来作者终于变得越来越强大，明白了矮个子女孩只要有动力去证明别人是错的，她们就能做任何事情。个子矮并不能定义作者，也绝对不能限制作者去做那些高个或强壮的人能做的事情。
【11题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友Lea和我是班上仅有的女孩。A. girls女孩；B. boys男孩；C. teenagers青少年；D. adults成年人。根据最后一段中and show that short girls can do anything可知班上只有作者和Lea是女孩。故选A。
【12题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：拳击护具是我的最爱，但我的拳击不够有力。A. large大的；B. strong有力的，强壮的；C. accurate精确的；D. quick快的。根据第二段中Mr. Vernon would always tell me that practice would make me stronger可知作者的拳击还不够有利。故选B。
【13题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：嗯，我很难看出其中的区别。A. difference区别，差异；B. grade成绩；C. point要点；D. judgement判断。根据上文The boys were improving a lot on their strength, and Lea with her speed, and me? Well, I had a hard time seeing the可知其他人都有了不同的变化，而作者还很难看到自己和以前的区别。故选A。
14题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Vernon先生总是告诉我，练习会让我变得更强，而这正是我继续坚持下去的动力。A. relax放松；B. change改变；C. return返回；D. continue继续。结合上文Mr. Vernon would always tell me that practice would make me stronger, and this is what helped motivate me to可知Vernon先生的话激励作者继续下去。故选D。
【15题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：每次练习都至少有一个男孩会取笑我说:“哦，你太矮了，打不了拳击。”A. wave goodbye to挥手告别；B. take advantage of利用；C. pay attention to注意；D. make fun of取笑。根据下一段中but just to have fun.可知男孩子会取笑作者。故选D。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你在拳击场上时，Vernon先生不得不弯下腰。A. look看；B. sit坐下；C. bend弯曲；D. turn转弯。结合上文Oh you’re too short to box.可知对方取笑作者太矮了，坐在拳击护具上时，Vernon先生不得不弯下腰。bend down“弯腰”。故选C。
【17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道那些话不是要伤害我，只是为了找乐子。A. teach教；B. hurt伤害；C. amuse娱乐；D. warn警告。根据后文but just to have fun.可知男孩子取笑作者的身高，并不是为了要伤害作者，只是为了找乐子。故选B。
【18题详解】
考查副词辨析。句意：没错，我个子又小又矮，我确实缺乏自信；但是，听到这些评论，要么会让你失望，要么会让你有动力向他们证明他们是错的。A. down向下；B. back回去；C. along沿着；D. in在里面。根据最后一段中there is no reason for you to feel disappointed.可知这些评论，要么会让你失望，要么会让你有动力向他们证明他们是错的。短语bring sb. down“让某人失望”。故选A。
【19题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没错，我个子又小又矮，我确实缺乏自信;但是，听到这些评论，要么会让你失望，要么会让你有动力向他们证明他们是错的。A. rude粗鲁的；B. wrong错误的；C. funny有趣的；D. simple简单的。根据后文I didn’t have the strength to think they were wrong可知此处指有动力向他们证明他们是错的。故选B。
【20题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我没有勇气去认为他们是错的，我内心有一部分认为他们说的是事实。A. result结果；B. word话语；C. truth事实；D. reason理由。根据上文It’s true, I’m a small and short person and I did lack confidence可知作者知道自己是个个子矮的人，所有听了这些男孩子的话，内心有一部分认为他们说的是事实。故选C。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把它藏在心里，因为我觉得表现出对自己的怀疑只会让事情变得更糟。A. fooling愚弄；B. doubting怀疑；C. convincing说服；D. criticizing批评。结合后文myself would make it worse.可知作者内心有一部分认为男孩子说的是事实，但是藏在心里，因为表现出对自己的怀疑只会让事情变得更糟。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很惊讶，但我有一种感觉，它一直在我心里。A. surprised惊讶的；B. worried担心的；C. moved感动的；D. disappointed失望的。结合上文I remember one particular practice where I was mad and angry, and my punches suddenly felt stronger and faster.可知作者发觉生气时拳头突然变得更有力更快了，这让作者感觉惊讶。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我只是没有那么愤怒了。A. relief减轻；B. fear恐惧；C. anger愤怒；D. interest兴趣。根据上文I was mad and angry可知指愤怒。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：训练结束后，Vernon先生指出我变得越来越强壮，越来越好，这真的让我感到更加自信，也让我明白别人对我的评价是错误的。A. regretful遗憾的；B. comfortable舒服的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. confident自信的。根据第四段中It’s true, I’m a small and short person and I did lack confidence可知作者一开始并不自信，Vernon指出作者有进步后，作者感觉更加自信了。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：我终于找到了我需要的力量。A. eagerly急切地；B. finally终于；C. gradually逐渐地；D. gratefully感谢地。根据后文found the strength I needed.可知作者从一开始拳击不够有力，到如今获得了Vernon先生的认可，作者终于找到了自己需要的力量。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：通过接下来的练习，Vernon先生对我的勾拳和上勾拳印象深刻，因为它们变得越来越有力。A. normal正常的；B. reliable可靠的；C. harmful有害的；D. powerful有力的，强大的。结合上文Mr. Vernon pointed out that I was getting stronger and better可知作者的拳击变得越来越有力了。故选D。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这段经历让我明白，拳击需要付出很多努力和艰辛，但也让我明白，不要对别人说的话感到气馁。A. discouraged气馁的，灰心的；B. ashamed羞愧的；C. annoyed恼怒的；D. confused困惑的。根据倒数第三段中In my case, they started to discourage me.可知作者明白了不要对别人说的话感到气馁。故选A。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你专注于自己的优点，改进自己的缺点，你就没有理由感到失望。A. small小的；B. old老的；C. weak弱的，虚弱的；D. shining光亮的。根据上文If you focus on your strong points and improve on your可知作者认为要专注于自己的优点，改进自己的缺点，就没有理由感到失望了。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：拳击教会了我如何战斗，如何在身体上和精神上保护自己，也告诉我矮个子女孩只要有动力去证明别人是错的，她们就能做任何事情。A. experience经历；B. curiosity好奇心；C. attention注意力；D. motivation动机。根据倒数第三段中or make you feel motivated to show them可知此处指有动力去证明别人是错的。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：矮个子并不能定义我，也绝对不能限制我做那些高个或强壮的人能做的事情。A. want想要；B. help帮助；C. define定义；D. forgive原谅。结合后文me and definitely does not limit me from doing things that tall or stronger people can do.可知个子矮并不能定义作者，也绝对不能限制作者去做那些高个或强壮的人能做的事情。故选C。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
THE OLYMPIC STUDIES CENTRE
YOUR SOURCE OF REFERENCE FOR OLYMPIC KNOWLEDGE
The IOC Olympic Studies Centre is the world source of reference for Olympic knowledge. Our mission is to share this knowledge with professionals and researchers through providing information, giving access to our unique collections, enabling research and stimulating intellectual exchange.
As part of the IOC, we are uniquely placed to collect and share the most up-to-date and accurate information on Olympism. Our collections include the IOC archives (档案), the official publications of the IOC and the Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games as well as books, articles and journals.
HERE TO HELP
Whatever your interest in the Olympic Movement—academic or professional—we will help you find the information you need, quickly and easily. We’re here to:
Answer your questions: share factual and historical information, Games results and statistics
Give personalized guidance: help you find what you need in our extensive library and archives
Lend you books and publications, even internationally
Give you online access: to our electronic documents
Award research grants: to PhD students and established researchers
Connect you to our network: of academic experts in Olympic studies
Join the academic community interested in Olympic studies
One of our key roles is to facilitate communication and cooperation between the IOC and the international academic community in order to promote research and stimulate intellectual exchange.
This worldwide community is mainly composed of over 40 Olympic Studies Centers and hundreds of individual scholars and university students working on academic projects related to the field of Olympic studies.
Thanks to this regular exchange and the work conducted by the academics, we enrich the world’s Olympic knowledge, share new analysis on key topics related to the Olympic Movement and can provide guidance to universities wishing to launch initiatives on Olympic studies.
Join our academic mailing list
University professors and researchers are invited to join our academic mailing list to be informed about our future activities and other updates concerning Olympic studies initiatives. To join, email us with a brief description of your academic status and your full contact details.
VISIT US
You’ll find us next door to the Olympic Museum in Lausanne, Switzerland. We’re open Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm, except on public holidays and on Christmas. You don’t need an appointment to use the library and the study rooms. If you would like to see the historical archives or need personal guidance to find your way around our collections, please fill out our visitor request form.
31. The Olympic Studies Center mainly aims to ________.
A. give personalized guidance
B. provide resources on the Olympics
C. receive Olympic fans across the world
D. update information on Olympism for officials
32. What can be learned about the academic community?
A. It is organized by Olympic officials.
B. It launches projects at universities.
C. It promotes academic exchanges.
D. It provides electronic documents.
33. If you want to visit the center, you have to ________.
A. fill out a visitor request form B. enter the Olympic Museum
C. make an appointment D. arrive on workdays
【答案】31. B 32. C 33. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍奥林匹克研究中心。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第一句The IOC Olympic Studies Centre is the world source of reference for Olympic knowledge.“国际奥委会奥林匹克研究中心是世界奥林匹克知识的参考来源。”由此可知，奥林匹克研究中心的主要目标是提供有关奥林匹克的资源。故选B。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据Join the academic community interested in Olympic studies中One of our key roles is to facilitate communication and cooperation between the IOC and the international academic community in order to promote research and stimulate intellectual exchange.“我们的主要作用之一是促进国际奥委会和国际学术界之间的交流与合作，以促进研究和促进智力交流。”由此可知，关于学术界，它促进学术交流。故选C。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据VISIT US中You’ll find us next door to the Olympic Museum in Lausanne, Switzerland. We’re open Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm, except on public holidays and on Christmas“我们就在瑞士洛桑奥林匹克博物馆隔壁。我们周一至周五上午9点至下午5点营业，公众假期和圣诞节除外。”由此可知，如果你想参观这个中心，你必须在工作日到达。故选D。
B
A struggling Waffle House employee who was trying to serve nearly 30 people by himself after midnight got a full serving of kindness when some customers jumped behind the counter to help him.
Ethan Crispo, 24, witnessed the inspiring scene in the early hours of Nov. 3 at a Waffle House in Birmingham, Alabama.
Crispo told TODAY’s Kerry Sanders that he had come to the 24-hour restaurant from a friend’s birthday party and saw the struggling employee, identified only as Ben, trying to cook the food, serve it, bus tables and wash dishes while more than 25 people were waiting to eat.
“The look on his face was just confusion,” Crispo told Sanders.
An unidentified male customer then decided to help him out, grabbing an apron and going behind the counter to wash dishes.
Another customer, Alison Stanley, went behind the counter to make some coffee—still dressed from a night out on the town.
“I don’t think it’s anything special,” Stanley told Sanders. “He needed help, so I got up and helped out.”
Crispo took some photos of the scene as multiple customers worked to bus tables and wash dishes while Ben focused on taking orders and preparing the food.
Waffle House told TODAY that Ben was left to support himself due to a scheduling issue.
“We had two associates scheduled to leave, however, due to a communication mix-up, their relief did not show up on time,” Waffle House director of PR Pat Warner said in a statement. “That left Ben, our cook, alone in the restaurant with hungry customers. He worked the grill (烤架) and got the orders out.”
The company was also thankful for the customers who joined in and helped Ben out.
“We are grateful that many of our customers feel like they are part of our Waffle House family,” Warner said. “There is a sense of community in each and every one of our restaurants, and we appreciate the fact that they consider our associates like family.”
“We are also very thankful for Ben, who kept the restaurant open. He is a representative of our Waffle House culture by always putting the customers first.”
Crispo had his usual order, double plain waffle, as he took in the scene of strangers helping out Ben on his shift.
“Humanity truly isn’t good, it’s great!” he said.
34. Ben was left to work alone during his midnight shift because ________.
A. his associates asked for a leave B. there was a scheduling mistake
C. few customers needed to be served D. the restaurant was scheduled to close
35. Some customers helped Ben out by ________.
A washing dishes B. taking photos
C. taking orders D. cooking food
36. Why did the customers lend a helping hand according to Pat Warner?
A. They shared the same community spirit. B. They were family members of Ben.
C. They wanted to serve themselves. D. They were too hungry to wait.
37. How did Crispo feel as a witness of the scene?
A. Lucky and excited. B. Moved and inspired.
C. Relieved and hopeful. D. Content and unbelievable.
【答案】34. B 35. A 36. A 37. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了一家华夫饼屋由于人员安排的失误，导致只剩一名员工招待顾客，鉴于此，顾客们纷纷主动帮助员工。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。由第十段“We had two associates scheduled to leave, however, due to a communication mix-up, their relief did not show up on time,” Waffle House director of PR Pat Warner said in a statement. “That left Ben, our cook, alone in the restaurant with hungry customers. He worked the grill (烤架) and got the orders out.”可知，华夫饼屋公关总监帕特·沃纳在一份声明中称:“我们有两名员工计划离开，但由于沟通失误，他们换班着没有及时出现。这就剩下我们的厨师本和饥饿的顾客们在餐厅里。他既要负责烤架还要负责订单了。”由此判断出，因为换班人员的安排出了问题，导致Ben一个人在工作，故选B项。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。由第五段“An unidentified male customer then decided to help him out, grabbing an apron and going behind the counter to wash dishes.”和第八段“Crispo took some photos of the scene as multiple customers worked to bus tables and wash dishes while Ben focused on taking orders and preparing the food.”可知，“一位身份不明的男性顾客决定帮他一把，抓起围裙，跑到柜台后面洗盘子。”“克里斯波拍下了现场的一些照片，当时许多顾客都在清理桌子和洗碗，而本则在专心点单和准备食物”。由此可见，一些顾客帮忙洗盘子，收拾桌子。故选A项。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。由第十二段“We are grateful that many of our customers feel like they are part of our Waffle House family,” Warner said. “There is a sense of community in each and every one of our restaurants, and we appreciate the fact that they consider our associates like family.”可知，“很多顾客觉得自己是我们华夫饼屋的一份子，对此我们很感激，”华纳说。“我们的每一家餐厅都有一种社区意识，我们很感激他们把我们的员工当成家人。”由此可见，店里的顾客将自己视为华夫饼屋的成员，大家都有一种社区意识，彼此互相帮忙。故选A项。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段“Ethan Crispo, 24, witnessed the inspiring scene in the early hours of Nov. 3 at a Waffle House in Birmingham, Alabama.”11月3日凌晨，24岁的克里斯波在阿拉巴马州伯明翰的一家华夫饼屋目睹了这令人振奋的一幕。最后一段“Humanity truly isn’t good, it’s great!”可知，克里斯波认为：人性不是好，是伟大！由此判断出他目睹了这一切，被感动，被激励，发出了对人性的感叹。故选B项。
【点睛】细节理解题顾名思义要抓住细节，将原文的细节信息跟题目和题干进行比对，选出正确选项。例如第2题，题目问：一些顾客怎样帮助本？由第五段“An unidentified male customer then decided to help him out, grabbing an apron and going behind the counter to wash dishes.”和第八段“Crispo took some photos of the scene as multiple customers worked to bus tables and wash dishes while Ben focused on taking orders and preparing the food.”可知，“一位身份不明的男性顾客决定帮他一把，抓起围裙，跑到柜台后面洗盘子。”“克里斯波拍下了现场的一些照片，当时许多顾客都在清理桌子和洗碗，而本则在专心点单和准备食物”。由此可见，一些顾客帮忙洗盘子，收拾桌子。故选A项。
C
Chicken is America’s most popular meat. Many people assume chicken follows a simple rule-of-thumb: Pink chicken turned white means “done.” It’s similar to how we cook other meats. But is this true? To study how cooks at home follow safety recommendations, researchers filmed 75 households in five European countries. From a random but nonrepresentative sample, they also conducted an online survey of nearly 4,000 households in the same countries that say they cook chicken.
Worried that chicken would dry out, most home cooks determined doneness by color and texture (口感) inside the meat, they found. Few bothered with thermometers (温度计), claiming they took too much time, were too complicated to use, didn’t fit in the chicken or weren’t necessary (although easy-to-use thermometers are inexpensive and widely available).
In additional lab experiments, the scientists injected raw chicken breast with bacteria (细菌), which cause millions of sicknesses, thousands of hospitalizations and hundreds of deaths each year in the United States. They cooked the breasts until they reached core temperatures ranging from 122 to 158 Fahrenheit, and they discovered something surprising. At 158 degrees, but not lower, bacteria inside the chickens’ cores was reduced to safe levels, and when cut open its flesh appeared dull and fibrous, not shiny like raw chicken. But meat began changing from pink to white far below this, and most color change occurred below 131 degrees Fahrenheit. Sometimes, the chicken’s core would be safely cooked, but unsafe levels of bacteria still existed on surfaces that hadn’t touched the grill plate.
So what are you supposed to do?
Dr. Bruno Goussault, a scientist and chef, recommends buying and cooking breasts and legs separately. Bring the breast’s core to 165 degrees Fahrenheit, he said, and the leg to between 168.8 and 172.4 Fahrenheit. If you really want to safely measure temperature for a whole chicken, insert a pop-up thermometer into the thickest part of the leg before roasting it, Dr. Goussault suggests. By the time it pops, the breasts will have long cooked. They will likely be dry and far from his standards of culinary (烹饪的) perfection. But you’ll be sure to, as Dr. Goussault says in French, “dormir sur ses deux oreilles,” or, figuratively, “sleep peacefully.”
38. Why didn’t home cooks measure temperature with a thermometer?
A. They could not afford it. B. It affected the taste of the meat.
C. It was not available in supermarkets. D. They thought it was too much trouble.
39. In lab experiments, when the temperature reached 158 Fahrenheit, the meat .
A. was free of bacteria B. still remained pink
C. appeared to dry out D. was reduced in size
40. What can be learned from the last paragraph?
A. The meat does not taste best when bacteria free.
B. The leg becomes fully cooked before the breast.
C. A whole chicken requires a higher temperature.
D. The thermometer should be placed inside the breast.
41. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Food safety. B. Simple lifestyle.
C. Cooking skills. D. Kitchen equipment.
【答案】38. D 39. C 40. A 41. A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文，文章通过描述科学家所做的鸡胸和鸡腿的烹饪温度的测量实验，说明如何烹饪鸡肉才是安全的。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第二段Few bothered with thermometers (温度计), claiming they took too much time, were too complicated to use,didn’t fit in the chicken or weren’t necessary.很少有人为温度计费心，宣称他们花费了太多的时间，太复杂而不能使用，不适合鸡肉也没必要。可知，人们会觉得用温度计比较麻烦，与选项D内容相符，故选D项。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。由文章第三段At 158 degrees, but not lower, bacteria inside the chickens’ cores was reduced to safe levels, and when cut open its flesh appeared dull and fibrous, not shiny like raw chicken.在158度时，但不是更低，鸡核心的细菌降到了安全水平，当被切开时，鸡肉显得枯燥和纤维状，不像生鸡肉肉质那么光滑。可知，到了158度时，鸡肉会显得干燥和纤维状，与选项C内容相符，故选C项。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段Bring the breast’s core to 165 degrees Fahrenheit, he said, and the leg to between 168.8 and 172.4 Fahrenheit.鸡胸的核心温度要达到165度，他说，鸡腿的温度要达到168.8度和172.4度之间。和They will likely be dry and far from his standards of culinary (烹饪的) perfection.他们可能会干燥，而且与完美的烹饪标准也相去甚远。可知，鸡胸和鸡腿的安全烹饪温度分别为165度，168.8度和172.4度之间，这时细菌几乎被杀死了，所以食用是比较安全的，但此时口感和味道却不那么好了。与选项A内容相符，故选A项。
41题详解】
主旨大意题。由文章第一段To study how cooks at home follow safety recommendations, researchers filmed 75 households in five European countries.为了研究在家烹饪如何遵守安全的建议，研究者们在5个欧洲国家拍摄了75个家庭的烹饪情况。可知，文章讲述的是在家烹饪时的食品安全问题，与选项A内容相符，故选A项。
【点睛】主旨大意题是阅读理解的常见题型，做这类题时，一般会有如下思路：1.关注首段或是最后一段，这两个位置往往会有体现文章主旨的句子。2.如没有主旨句，要通读全文，自己概括出文章大意。例如小题4就依据第一个思路，由第一段To study how cooks at home follow safety recommendations, researchers filmed 75 households in five European countries. 为了研究在家烹饪如何遵守安全的建议，研究者们在5个欧洲国家拍摄了75个家庭的烹饪情况。再结合文章的描述，可知本文讲述的是在家烹饪时食品安全的问题，故选A项。
D
Upskilling is the future—but it must work for everyone
Automation and job replacement will be one of the most significant challenges for the global economy of the coming decades. A 2017 Mckinsey report established that 375 million workers will need to switch occupational categories by 2030. The World Economic Forum suggests that by 2022, automation will replace 75 million jobs globally—but create 133 million new ones.
Research into the likelihood that a job will be impacted by digitization has largely focused on the “automatability” of the role and the following economic regional and political effects of this. What this research doesn’t take into account is something more important for the millions of taxi drivers and retail workers across the globe: their likelihood of being able to change to another job that isn’t automatable. Recent research suggests that the answer to this may be that the skills that enable workers to move up the ladder to more complex roles within their current areas might be less important than broader skills that will enable workers to change across divisions.
In July, Amazon announced that it would spend $700 million retraining around 30% of its 300,000 US workforce. While praiseworthy, it will be interesting to see the outcome. In the UK, the National Retraining Scheme has largely been led by employers, meaning that those on zero-hours contracts and part-time workers—often low-skilled—will miss out. Governance will be a crucial element of ensuring that such schemes focus on individuals and life-long learning, rather than upskilling workers into roles that will soon also face automation.
According to the Mckinsey report, “growing awareness of the scale of the task ahead has yet to translate into action. Public spending on labour-force training and support has fallen for years in most member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development,” which impacts more than just the low-skilled and poorly compensated.
The global impact of automation is also put into relief by research demonstrating that, between 1988 and 2015, income inequality increased throughout the world. Billions of people do not have the essentials of life as defined by the UN Sustainable Development goals.
Alongside climate change, automation is arguably tech’s biggest challenge. As with globalization, governments and employers—and us workers—ignore its potential consequences at risk to ourselves.
42. It can be known from Paragraph 2 that .
A. recent research has found ways to face automation
B. broad skills are of great significance in changing jobs
C. regional economy can affect the automatability of a job
D. it is even harder for workers to move up the social ladder
43. What is the author’s attitude towards retraining programs?
A. Supportive. B. Critical.
C. Skeptical. D. Sympathetic.
44. According to the author, what is one consequence of automation?
A. Less spending on training. B. A slowdown of globalization.
C. Social unrest and instability. D. An increase in income inequality.
45. The passage is written to .
A. argue the urgency of creating new jobs B. compare globalization with automation
C. analyze the automatability of certain jobs D. stress the importance of upskilling workers
【答案】42. B 43. C 44. D 45. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了自动化和就业替代将是未来几十年全球经济面临的最重大挑战之一，而要应对这一趋势，当务之急是提高自身技能，尤其是跨部门跳槽所需的广泛技能。文章说明了再培训项目存在的问题，指出除了气候变化，自动化可以说是科技面临的最大挑战。就像全球化一样，政府和雇主——以及美国工人——忽视了全球化对我们自身的潜在影响。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中Recent research suggests that the answer to this may be that the skills that enable workers to move up the ladder to more complex roles within their current areas might be less important than broader skills that will enable workers to change across divisions.可知最近的研究表明，这个问题的答案可能是，使工人能够在其目前的领域内晋升到更复杂的角色的技能，可能不如使工人能够跨部门转换的更广泛的技能重要。由此可知，广泛的技能在换工作中是非常重要的。故选B。
【43题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中In the UK, the National Retraining Scheme has largely been led by employers, meaning that those on zero-hours contracts and part-time workers—often low-skilled—will miss out.可知在英国，国家再培训计划在很大程度上是由雇主主导的，这意味着那些签订零时合同的人和兼职工人——往往技能低下——将会错过机会。由此可推知，作者对再培训计划持怀疑态度。故选C。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中The global impact of automation is also put into relief by research demonstrating that, between 1988 and 2015, income inequality increased throughout the world.可知研究表明，1988年至2015年期间，世界各地的收入不平等现象加剧，这也让自动化对全球的影响得到了缓解。由此可推知，作者认为自动化的一个后果是收入不平等加剧。故选D。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章标题Upskilling is the future—but it must work for everyone(技能提升是未来的趋势，但它必须适用于每个人)结合文章主要说明了自动化和就业替代将是未来几十年全球经济面临的最重大挑战之一，而要应对这一趋势，当务之急是提高自身技能，尤其是跨部门跳槽所需的广泛技能。文章说明了再培训项目存在的问题，指出除了气候变化，自动化可以说是科技面临的最大挑战。就像全球化一样，政府和雇主——以及美国工人——忽视了全球化对我们自身的潜在影响。由此可推知，这篇文章是为了强调提高工人技能的重要性。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The world is full of distractions. Unfortunately, the world also requires us to work. Coping with the first while still doing enough of the second is … sorry, where am I?
Ah, yes, the world is full of distractions. If you work in an office, it might be emails, phone calls or colleagues with questions to ask. If you are at home, it might be the contents of the fridge or a sudden fixation on dust mites (尘螨) under the sofa. Sometimes it takes even less. If you are sitting and doing work and someone near you says something particularly interesting, that can pull your focus. ___46___
So, how can we stay focused in our wandering minds? ____47____ And put your smartphone and other irrelevant screens away—they attract our attention even if they are off. If you tend to pop on headphones and use music to shut out distractions, avoid listening to anything familiar. Knowing the words or tune well will distract you even more.
___48___ If you are doing something repetitive like stuffing envelopes or laying bricks, being distracted by listening to music or a podcast or engaging in a conversation with a co-worker can ultimately boost productivity. ____49____ Jihae Shin, now at the university of Wisconsin-Madison, has found that when people played Minesweeper for five minutes before coming up with new business ideas, they were more creative than those who didn’t play.
___50___ In general, this is the enemy of productivity: it encourages mistakes, stops us from completing things, promotes forgetfulness and lowers the quality of writing. But when we are trying to come up with creative solutions, task-switching distractions can help prevent "cognitive fixation" on ineffective approaches. So if you are a creative type, try lining up two or more tasks and spend your day switching between them. Or if that doesn’t work, just go play with your phone.
A. Not all distractions are bad, however.
B. Switching between tasks can also help.
C. Creativity can benefit from distraction too.
D. Switching off email or messaging services helps.
E. But you are not good at dealing with distractions.
F. If you have trouble concentrating, I suggest you try the following ideas.
G. If you are not careful, you will end up your day with nothing accomplished.
【答案】46. G 47. D 48. A 49. C 50. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。这个世界充满了干扰。不幸的是，世界也需要我们工作。文章就如何在走神的时候保持专注提出了一些建议。
【46题详解】
根据上文If you work in an office, it might be emails, phone calls or colleagues with questions to ask. If you are at home, it might be the contents of the fridge or a sudden fixation on dust mites under the sofa. Sometimes it takes even less. If you are sitting and doing work and someone near you says something particularly interesting, that can pull your focus.可知如果你在办公室工作，可能会通过电子邮件、电话或同事提出问题。如果你在家，可能是冰箱里的东西或沙发下突然粘上了尘螨。有时甚至只需更少的事物就能转移你的注意力。如果你正坐着工作，旁边有人说了一些特别有趣的话，这会吸引你的注意力。由此可知，本句承接上文说明，世界上充满了让人分心的事情，如果你一不小心被这些东西转移了注意力，那么你的一天就会一事无成。故G选项“如果你一不小心，你这一天就会一事无成”符合上下文语境，故选G。
【47题详解】
根据后文And put your smartphone and other irrelevant screens away—they attract our attention even if they are off.可知把你的智能手机和其他不相关的屏幕放在一边——即使它们处于关闭状态，它们也会吸引我们的注意力。由此可知，此处是在说明关闭有网络通讯的电子产品或将这些产品放在一边，能够有助于在走神的时候保持专注。故D选项“关闭电子邮件或信息服务会有所帮助”符合上下文语境，故选D。
【48题详解】
根据后文If you are doing something repetitive like stuffing envelopes or laying bricks, being distracted by listening to music or a podcast or engaging in a conversation with a co-worker can ultimately boost productivity.可知如果你在做一些重复性的事情，比如装信封或砌砖，那么听音乐、听播客或和同事聊天会让你分心，这最终会提高工作效率。由此可知，此处是在说明并不是所有的分心都是不好的，有些分心会提高工作效率。故A选项“然而，并不是所有的分心都是不好的”符合上下文语境，故选A。
【49题详解】
根据后文Jihae Shin, now at the university of Wisconsin-Madison, has found that when people played Minesweeper for five minutes before coming up with new business ideas, they were more creative than those who didn’t play.可知威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的Jihae Shin发现，当人们在想出新商业点子前玩《扫雷》五分钟时，他们比不玩的人更有创造力。由此可知，分散注意力对创造力也有好处。后文中creative“创造性的”可对应到C选项中Creativity“创造力”。故C选项“分散注意力对创造力也有好处”符合上下文语境，故选C。
【50题详解】
根据后文But when we are trying to come up with creative solutions, task-switching distractions can help prevent "cognitive fixation" on ineffective approaches. So if you are a creative type, try lining up two or more tasks and spend your day switching between them.可知但当我们试图想出创造性的解决方案时，任务转换的干扰可以帮助防止对无效方法的“认知固着”。所以，如果你是一个有创造力的人，试着把两个或更多的任务排列起来，然后花一天的时间在它们之间切换。由此可知，本段是在建议在不同的任务之间切换，可以有助于保持专注。故B选项“在不同任务之间切换也会有所帮助”符合上下文语境，故选B。
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）
第一节（15分）
51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim询问你高考之后对大学生活和学习会有哪些准备。请你给他回邮件，内容包括：
1.对大学生活和学习的准备；
2.进行这些准备的理由。
注意: 1.词数不少于50；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I would very much like to share my holiday plans with you. Last week, you asked about how I was preparing for my future college life. Now, I’d like to tell you.
As for my future life at university, I’ve decided to take gardening as my major and hope to be admitted to China Agricultural University. Because I’m very interested in planting flowers and have been taught by my mother how to take care of them, I want to learn more in the future. This vacation, I plan to read some books about botany to equip myself with more knowledge. I will also work in Beijing Botanical Garden as a volunteer to learn about landscape architecture. All of these preparations will definitely enrich my horticulture experience, which will make my college studies much more enjoyable.
I wonder what you will do this holiday. Maybe you’d like to share your plans with me in the next email.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封电子邮件。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封电子邮件：假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim询问你高考之后对大学生活和学习会有哪些准备。请你给他回邮件，内容包括：1.对大学生活和学习的准备；2.进行这些准备的理由。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：share my holiday plans with you（和你分享假日计划）；As for my future life at university,（至于我未来的大学生活，）；how to take care of them（如何照顾它们）；等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。同时文中使用高级句子。As for my future life at university, I’ve decided to take gardening as my major and hope to be admitted to China Agricultural University.动词不定式作宾语；Because I’m very interested in planting flowers and have been taught by my mother how to take care of them, I want to learn more in the future.句中使用原因状语从句和现在完成时态的被动语态；All of these preparations will definitely enrich my horticulture experience, which will make my college studies much more enjoyable.非限制性定语从句用在句中。
第二节（20分）
52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。端午节将至，上周末你和父母去看望爷爷奶奶，并学习了包粽子。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，为校刊“英语角”投稿，记述整个过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】With the Dragon Boat Festival right around the corner, last weekend, my parents and I went to see my grandparents. We enjoyed our family time together.
Before going to my grandparents’ home, we went shopping in the nearby supermarket for groceries. We bought some of my grandparents’ favorite food as well as sticky rice and bamboo leaves—ingredients to make the traditional food that we eat during Dragon Boat Festival, Zongzi.
Carrying all our purchases, we went to my grandparents’. Not having seen one another for some time, we were all very happy for the get-together. My grandparents had missed us very much.
After a pleasant chitchat, exchanging the latest news in our lives, I asked my grandma to teach me how to make Zongzi. Grandma then began showing me the “standard procedure” in Zongzi making—soaking the sticky rice and bamboo leaves and washing the red dates. Seeing the bowls and plates of different sizes, I was almost overwhelmed. I had never realized it would take so much delicate handwork to make a Zongzi. However, my grandma proved a great teacher, and I a quick learner.
After making the Zongzi, we sat down to a full table of family traditional dishes that my parents had cooked. Not only did we enjoy the delicious meal, but also the funny stories that were told around the dinner table. It’s true, laughter is the best medicine.
I was so happy that my whole family praised my Zongzi and to see their smiling faces after taking the first bite, it really made my day. I’ll always remember this day. For sure, nothing beats quality time together with family.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达属于图画作文。
【详解】第一步：根据提示可知，假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。端午节将至，上周末你和父母去看望爷爷奶奶，并学习了包粽子。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，为校刊“英语角”投稿，记述整个过程。
第二步：根据图片确定文章内容和关键词语，第一幅图要表达看望爷爷奶奶之前，去超市买礼物和包粽子的材料；第二幅图表达见到爷爷奶奶的高兴之情；第三幅图表达全家人一起包粽子，作者学包粽子；第四幅图表达全家一起进餐、吃粽子、谈笑。关键词语有：went shopping, sticky rice and bamboo leaves, get-together, Zongzi making, traditional dishes, laughter.
第三步：根据提示和关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。本文用一般过去时。
第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接和过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如Carrying all our purchases和Not having seen one another for some time运用了非谓语动词；ingredients to make the traditional food that we eat during Dragon Boat Festival, Zongzi.和we sat down to a full table of family traditional dishes that my parents had cooked.运用了定语从句；I had never realized it would take so much delicate handwork to make a Zongzi.运用了宾语从句；Not only did we enjoy the delicious meal, but also the funny stories that were told around the dinner table.运用了倒装句和定语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。文章思路清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
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