考点11 一般时和将来时-备战2020年中考英语考点一遍过（浙江专版） 试卷

考点11 一般时和将来时

命题趋势：
动词的时态和语态是中考出现频率较高的语法项目之一。考题多以具体的语境为主，体现了对语法知识、语境理解、语言交际能力的综合考查。
中考考查重点：
1. 了解并能运用常考时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时；
2. 正确辨析几种易混时态的区别。
一般现在时
考向一：一般现在时的用法
①表示经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常与频度副词连用。
I often take a walk in the park. 我经常在公园散步。
These T-shirts are new. 这些T恤衫是新的。
②表示客观事实、真理。
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。
③在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go bike riding in the open air. 如果明天不下雨，我将在户外骑自行车。
I’ll tell her the good news when she comes back. 当她回来的时候，我将把这个好消息告诉她。
④表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start，begin，leave，go，come，arrive，return，take place等。
考向二：一般现在时的构成
在一般情况下用动词原形，若主语为第三人称单数，一般在动词原形后加-s或-es。
情况
构成方法
例词
一般情况
直接加-s
read→reads love→loves
以s，o，x，ch，sh结尾
加-es
pass→passes box→boxes
teach→teaches wash→washes
以辅音字母 + y结尾
将y变为i，再加-es
carry→carries study→studies
不规则变化

have→has be→am/is/are
一般将来时
一般将来时主要构成形式
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作，事情或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作或事情。
1. will/shall+动词原形，shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称，will not=won’t，shall not=shan’t。
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢？
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？
2. be going to +不定式，表示将来。
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。
What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？
b. 计划、安排要发生的事。
The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，暴风雨快来了。
3. be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4. be about to +不定式，意为＂马上做某事＂。
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意：be about to do不能与tomorrow, next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
be to和be going to的区别
be to表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to表示主观的打算或计划。
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）
I’m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主观打算）
5.现在进行时表将来时
下列动词的现在进行时表示将来时：go，come，fly，leave，start，begin，finish，end，arrive等。
she is leaving for Wuhan tomorrow.
6.一般现在时表将来
a. 下列动词come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。
b. 以here，there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
c. 在时间或条件句中。
When Bill comes（不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。
I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。
d. 在动词hope，take care that，make sure that等的宾语从句中。
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。
be going to和will 的区别
be going to和will 的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况，一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的：
1. be going to主要用于：
a. 表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做的事情。
What are you going to do today? 今天你们打算做什么？
Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon. 今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。
I’m going to play the violin. 我打算拉小提琴。
She’s going to play the piano. 她打算弹钢琴。
b. 表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生。
Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 瞧！乌云密集，要下雨了。
I am afraid I am going to have a cold. 恐怕我要患重感冒。
2. will主要用于在以下几个方面：
a. 表示单纯的未来＂将要＂，通用各个人称。
They will go to visit the factory tomorrow. 明天他们将去工厂参观。
I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling. 我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。
b. 表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的未来的事。
Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.
今天是星期六。明天是（将）是星期日。
He will be thirty years old this time next year.
明年这个时候他将三十岁了。
c. 问对方是否愿意做某事或表示客气地邀请或命令。
Will you please turn on the radio? 请打开收音机好吗？
Will you go to the zoo with me? 你和我一起去动物园好吗？
一般将来时特殊用法：
1. be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
We are to talk about the report next Saturday.
2. be about to +不定式，意为＂马上做某事＂。
He is about to leave for Beijing.
注意：be about to不能与tomorrow，next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
3. 有些表趋向性的动词可用进行时表将来，如：go，come，arrive，fly(飞往)，reach（到达），stay，leave，start，die等。
I’m going to go to the zoo this weenend.= I’m going to the zoo this weenend.
He’s going to leave for Paris.= He’s leaving for Paris.
The old man is dying.=The old man will die. 这个老人要去世。
一般过去时
1. 一般过去时的定义
①一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如 yesterday，the day before yesterday，last week，in 2015，three days ago，the other day，just now，at the moment，this morning，once upon a time，long long ago。
—What did you do yesterday? 昨天你做了什么？
—I went swimming. 我去游泳了。
②表示过去经常性或习惯性发生的动作。
When I was at middle school, I often went to school by bike. 我读中学时经常骑自行车去学校。
2. 一般过去时的基本结构
①实义动词
肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他.
I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天看了电影。
否定句：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他。
I didn’t go to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天没看电影。
一般疑问句及其回答：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + did.
否定回答：No, 主语 + didn’t / did not.
—Did you go to the cinema yesterday? 你昨天去看电影了吗？
—Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. 是的，我去了。/ 不，我没去。
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他？
—Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪儿了？
—I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天去看电影了。
② be 动词
肯定句：主语 + was/were + 其他.
I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。
否定句：主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 其他.
I wasn’t at home yesterday. 我昨天没在家。
一般疑问句及其回答：Were/Was + 主语 + 其他?
—Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家吗？
—Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. 是的，我在家。/ 不，我不在家。
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + were/was + 主语 + 其他?
—Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪？
—I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。
3. 动词过去式的变化规则
情况
构成方法
例词
一般情况
加-ed
wash→washed help→helped
以不发音的字母e结尾
加-d
hope→hoped like→liked
以辅音字母 + y结尾
变y为i，再加-ed
carry→carried study→studied
结尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节
双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed
stop→stopped plan→planned
4. 一般过去时的用法
（1）表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等连用。
He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。
What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事?
（2）在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。
We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。
注意：表示过去经常发生的动作还可用used to和would。
He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now. 他过去经常抽烟，但现在不抽了。
Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us.
每当我们遇到困难，他都会帮助我们。
（3）表示主语过去的特征或性格。
At that time she was very good at English. 那时她英语学得很好。
（4）用在状语从句中表示过去将来。
He said he would wait until they came back.
（5）一般过去时有时可以表示现在，多与 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等动词连用，使语气更委婉。
I wondered if you could help me. 不知你能不能帮我一下。
有时用一般过去时也是时态一致的需要。
I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这里。
注意：
（1）表示一系列的动作，尽管有先后，都用一般过去时，最后两个动词之间用and连结。
He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared. 他打开门，冲了出去，然后就消失了。
（2）注意在语境中理解＂我刚才/原来还不……＂。
—Your phone number again? I didn’t quite catch it. 请再说一次你的电话号码，好吗？我刚才没听清楚。
—It’s 2566666. 是2566666。
5. 一般过去时代替完成时
（1）两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。
When she saw the mouse, she screamed.
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it.
（2）两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
（3）叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.

一般过去时
肯定句的过去式，规则动词加-ed，不规则的必须记。
否定形式疑问句，没有be加did。
如把did加在前，动词也要还原形。


一、用括号内单词适当的形式填空。
1. They often __________(play) in the playground.
2. She __________ (get) up at six o’clock.
3. __________ you __________ (brush) your teeth every morning.
4. What __________(do) she usually__________(do) after school?
5. __________ they __________ (like) the World Cup?
6. Jack sometimes __________ (go) to the park with his sister.
7. At eight, she __________ (watch) TV with his parents.
8. __________ Mike__________ (read) English every day?
9. How many lessons __________ your classmates __________ (have) on Monday?
10. What time __________ his father __________ (do) the housework?
11. He usually __________ (get) up at six in the morning.
12. She __________ (have) blues eyes.
13. We __________ (go) to school every day.
14. The boy __________ (like) playing football.
15. We __________ (have) no classes on Sundays.
16. She __________ (write) to her mother once a week.
17. It __________ (rain) quite often during the month of July every year.
18. She often __________ (watch) TV on Saturdays.
19. Mike usually __________ (ride) a bike with his friends in the park.
20. Wang Ping and Mary often __________ (play) badminton together.
21. My mother __________ (have) a lot of cousins.
22. Many people often __________ (listen) to the radio in the morning.
23. —__________ (do)she __________ (like) playing the violin?
—Yes, she __________ (do).
24. She __________ (have) two brothers. She __________ (like) them very much.
25. We __________ (not watch) TV on Monday.
26. Sandy usually __________ (play) the piano on Sundays.
27. The cat __________ (like) eating fish every much.
28. Mary and Jack __________ (have) eight lessons this term.
29. She and I __________ (take) a walk together every evening.
二、选词填空。
read goes eats lives works watches gets
My aunt is a nurse. She likes music very much. She 1. _________ in a big hospital. Every day she 2. _________ up at 6:30. She 3. _________ breakfast at 7:00. After breakfast she 4. _________ to work by bus. She usually goes home at 5:30. After dinner, she often 5. _________ TV and 6. _________ books. At 10:30, she goes to bed.

1.（2019 •四川省南充市）—Daddy, when will we go out to fly a kite?
—As soon as the rain ____________.
A. is stopping B. stopped C. will stop D. stops
2.（2019 •临沂市）—I’m getting hungry. Do you know where we can get some good food?
—Of course! There ____________ a restaurant around the comer.
A. will be B. was C. is
3.（2019 •湖北省武汉市）She’s brought you some eggs. As you know, she ____________ chickens.
A. keeps B. will keep
C. has kept D. kept
4.（2019 •北京）Sam ____________ with his friends every weekend.
A. skates B. is skating
C. has skated D. was skating
5. （2019 •哈尔滨市）When we ____________ building the Subway Line 3, it will be easier to travel around the city.
A. finish B. finished C. will finish
6. （2019 •江西省）—I’ve never seen Mr. Taylor before.
—Don’t worry. I him to you before the meeting.
A. will introduce B. introduced
C. have introduced D. had introduced
7. （2019 •甘肃省兰州市）In the near future, there self-driving cars in our city.
A. is B. was C. are D. will be
8. （2019 •乐山）—You’d better take an umbrella. The weather report says it in the afternoon.
—Thank you. I will put one in my bag.
A. will rain B. rains C. is raining
9. （2019 •重庆市A卷）Next week, each student in the class a small gift from their teachers.
A. receives B. received
C. will receive D. has received
10. （2019 •北京）If you want to visit the Palace Museum, I tickets for you tomorrow.
A. will book B. booked
C. have booked D. was booking

1. （2017 • 江苏省镇江丹阳市中考二模）—Mum, can I go to watch the movie Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 tomorrow?
—Sure, if your homework _________.
A. finish B. is finished C. will finish D. will be finished
2. （重庆市江津中学校2017届九年级下学期抽考升学模拟考试）The population in China ________ quite large. And it is reported that about one sixth of the population ________ old people.
A. is; is B. are; are C. is; are D. are; is
3. （2017 • 新疆乌鲁木齐市第九十八中学中考四模）If Peter _________, please ask him to leave a _________.
A. come; notice B. comes; message
C. come; sentence D. comes; information
4. （2017 • 广东省初中毕业生学业考试模拟）The documentary Under the Dome (《苍穹之下》) which _________ by Chai Jing showed us that the air pollution in China was very serious.
A. produces B. produced C. is produced D. was produced
5. （2017 • 重庆市万盛经济技术开发区九年级上学期期末模拟）Smoking _________ in the forest. It may cause a fire.
A. is not allowed B. is allowed C. doesn’t allow D. allows
6. （2017 • 上海市黄浦区九年级4月学业模拟考试）More than six million guests _________ Shanghai Disneyland Park since last June.
A. visit B. visited C. were visiting D. have visited
7.（四川省剑阁县2017年中考一诊）—I don’t know when _________ tomorrow.
—I will call you as soon as he _________.
A. will he come; arrives B. he will come; arrives C. he will come; will arrive
8.（吉林省长春外国语学校2016-2017学年月考）He _________ in three days.
A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. has come back
9.（山西农业大学附属中学2017届九年级中考适应性训练）One of the popular expressions in 2012 _________＂Positive energy＂.
A. is B. are C. was
10. （徐州市2017年初中毕业、升学考试模拟）—Sorry, Mom! I am late.
—What a pity! Jenny _________ here to see you. She should be on her way home now.
A. is B. was C. had been D. will be

【跟踪训练】
一、用括号内单词适当的形式填空。
1. play 2. gets 3. Do; brush 4. does; do
5. Do; like 6. goes 7. is watching 8. Does; read
9. do; have 10. does; do 11. gets 12. has
13. go 14. likes 15. have 16. writes
17. rains 18. watches 19. rides 20. play
21. has 22. listens 23. Does; like; does 24. has; likes
25. don’t watch 26. plays 27. likes 28. have
29. take
二、选词填空。
1. works 2. gets 3. eats 4. goes 5. watches 6. reads
【真题再现】
1. D【解析】句意：——Daddy，我们什么时候出去放风筝？——雨一停。A. is stopping正在停，现在进行时；B. stopped停止，一般过去时；C. will stop将停，一般将来时。D. stops停止，一般现在时，第三人称单数。这里是as soon as引导的时间状语从句，遵循主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时态，主语是the rain，第三人称单数，谓语动词变第三人称单数。这里的意思是说雨一停，我们就去。As soon as 引导的时间状语从句时态要遵循：主将从现。本题主句省略，从句主语是the rain，所以用rains。故选D。
2. C【解析】句意：——我饿了。你知道在哪能买到好食物吗？——当然！拐角处有一家餐馆。A选项是一般将来时的there be句型，B选项是一般过去时的there be句型，C选项是一般现在时的there be句型；根据句意这里是一般现在时，故选C。
3. A【解析】句意：她给你带了些鸡蛋。你知道，她养鸡。考查一般现在时。A. keeps一般现在时； B. will keep一般将来时；C. has kept现在完成时； D. kept一般过去时。表达事实或真理，要使用一般现在时，结合句意可知填keeps；故选A。
4. A【解析】句意：Sam每个周末和他的朋友们去滑冰。skates滑冰，动词的第三人称单数形式；is skating现在进行时；has skated现在完成时；was skating过去进行时。根据句意和句中every weekend可知，这里表达经常性的动作，应用一般现在时，主语Sam是第三人称单数，故应选A。
5. A【解析】when引导的时间状语从句的时态遵守＂主将从现＂的原则，即主句用一般将来，从句用一般现在时。
6. A【解析】考查一般将来时。句意：——以前我从来没见过Taylor先生。——不要担心，开会前我会把他介绍给你的。根据will introduce一般将来时态的结构，introduced一般过去时态的结构，have introduced现在完成时态的结构，had introduced过去完成时态的结构；根据Don’t worry.和 before the meeting.可知是将来时态；故选A。
7. D【解析】句意：在不久的将来，我们城市将有自动驾驶汽车。选项A、C为一般现在时；B为一般过去时；D为一般将来时。根据In the near future可知，本题考查there be结构的一般将来时。该结构有两种表达：there is going to be或there will be。分析选项可知，D正确。
8. A【解析】句意：——你最好带一把伞，天气预报说下午将会下雨。——谢谢，我将放一把到我的包里。A.一般将来时；B.一般现在时；C.现在进行时。根据句意可知，天气预报说今天下午会下雨，表示将来会下雨，用一般将来时，故选A。
9. C【解析】由时间状语＂Next week＂可推知，此处要用一般将来时。
10. A【解析】句意：如果你想要参观故宫博物院，我明天将会给你订票。will book一般将来时；booked一般过去时；have booked现在完成时；was booking过去进行时。句中If引导的是条件状语从句，从句中使用一般现在时，主句应用一般将来时，故选A。
【模拟检测】
1. B【解析】句意：——妈妈，明天我可以去看电影《银河守护者》第2部吗？——当然，如果你的作业被完成了。这里是if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时态，这里主要是your homework，用被动语态，其结构是be done的形式。主语是单数，这用is。根据题意，故选B。
2. C【解析】句意：中国的人口是非常多的，而且据报道大约六分之一的人口是老人。第一个句子的主语是The population of China，谓语动词应用单数；在跟分数或者百分数连用的时候谓语动词用复数，故选C。
3. B【解析】句意：如果彼得来，请让他留下口信。notice通知；message消息，是可数名词；sentence句子，是可数名词；information消息，是不可数名词。第一空主语Peter是第三人称单数，故谓语用第三人称单数，故用comes。排除AC两项。第二空有不定冠词a修饰，故用可数名词单数形式，leave a message留下口信，故选B。
4. D【解析】句意：柴静出品的纪录片《苍穹之下》向我们展示了中国的空气污染是非常严重的。produces生产，出品，第三人称单数形式；produced是过去式或者过去分词形式；is produced是一般现在时的被动语态；was produced是一般过去时的被动语态。句中which引导的是一个定语从句，从句中应使用被动语态，根据句中…was very serious可知，这里应用一般过去时态，故选D。
5. A【解析】句意：在森林里不被允许吸烟。可能引起火灾。根据句意可知，含有被动的含义，本句是被动句，其结构：be+动词的过去分词，否定句在be后加not。故选A。
6. D【解析】句意：自去年六月以来，已有六百万多名游客参观了上海迪斯尼乐园。Since+表示过去的时间点从句或短语，意思是＂自从……以来＂，该句子应使用现在完成时态。结合句意和语境可知选D。
7. B 【解析】句意：——我不知道他明天什么时候会来。——他一来我就会给你打电话的。前一个句子是宾语从句，语序为陈述句的语序，根据tomorrow判断，时态为一般将来时态，排除A；第二个句子为as soon as引导的时间状语从句，主句为一般将来时，时间状语从句为一般现在时，故选B。
8. C 【解析】句意：他将在三天后回来。根据in three days可知此处用一般将来时，故为will come back，故选C。
9. C 【解析】句意：在2012年流行词之一是＂正能量＂。根据时间状语in 2012可知此处用一般过去时，故选C。
10. B 【解析】句意：——对不起，妈妈！我迟到了。——真遗憾！詹妮过来看你，现在她应该在回家的路上了。根据she should be on her way home now. 现在她应该在回家的路上了，可知上文应该是说：Jenny是来见你的，是过去发生的事情，所以这里应该用一般过去时态，故答案选B。