2021高考英语一轮统考复习第一部分教材重点全程攻略Book6Unit5Thepowerofnature学案含解析新人教版

Unit 5  The power of nature

基础自主检测

1.后缀­ment的名词

①equipment 设备

②advertisement 广告

③announcement 通知；通告

④achievement 功绩；成就

⑤punishment 惩罚

⑥treatment 对待；治疗

⑦appointment 任命；约定

⑧requirement 要求

⑨agreement 协议

2.含“­ist(人)”词根的单词

①novel(小说)＋ist＝novelist 小说家

②dent(齿)＋ist＝dentist 牙医

③capital(资本)＋ist＝capitalist 资本主义者

④reception(接待)＋ist＝receptionist 接待员

⑤physics(物理学[去s])＋ist＝physicist 物理学家

⑥volcanology (火山学[去y])＋ist＝volcanologist 火山学家

3.含词根“­rupt(破)”的词

①erupt＝“e向外＋rupt 破”向外破即“爆发”

②interrupt＝“inter中间的＋rupt破”从中间打破即“打搅”

③corrupt＝“cor共同＋rupt破”共同破坏即“腐败的”

④abrupt＝“ab离开＋rupt破”突然断开即“突然的；唐突的”

⑤bankrupt＝“bank银行＋rupt破”银行破了即“破产的”

一 动词＋介/副词

1.burn to the ground 全部焚毁

2.glance through 匆匆看一遍

3.vary from ... to ... 由……到……不等

二 be＋形容词/名词＋介词/副词

4.be compared with 与……相比

5.be about to 即将

6.be amazed at 对……感到惊讶

7.be home to 是……的栖息地

三 动词/介词＋宾语

8.take notice 留意；注意

9.in the distance 在远处

10.make one's way 前往

11.have a gift for 有……的天赋

1.“take＋n.”相关短语

①take notice 留意；注意

②take  effect 生效；起作用

③take charge 开始管理；接管

④take exercise 锻炼

⑤take pains 努力；尽力；下功夫

⑥take photos 拍照

⑦take steps 采取措施

2.“have a/an＋n.＋for”短语

①have a gift for 有……的天赋

②have a preference for 偏爱；特别喜爱

③have a desire for 想要；渴望

④have a nose for 对……敏感；很善于发现

⑤have a taste for 对……有兴趣

_________________________________________________________________

1.现在分词作状语

Having_collected_and_evaluated_the_information (收集和评估这些信息之后), I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.(教材P34)

2.be about to do ... when ... “刚要……这时……”

I was_about_to_go_back_to_sleep_when (刚要回去睡觉这时) suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day.(教材P34)

3.独立主格结构

The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this_being_my_first_experience (这是我的第一次经历), I stayed at the top and watched them.(教材P35)

4.It is said that ... “据说……”

It_is_said_that (据说) this boy, who had a great gift for languages and persuasion, is the father of the Manchu people.(教材P39)

单句语法填空

1.Have you ever considered how weak humans are ________ (compare) with a volcano, hurricane or earthquake？

答案：compared

2.Although my job is occasionally dangerous, I don't mind because danger ________ (excite)  me and ________ (make) me feel alive.

答案：excites; makes

3.However, the most important thing about my job is ________ I help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on earth—the volcano.

答案：that

4.I was appointed ________ a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) twenty years ago.

答案：as

5.________ (work) hard all day, I went to bed early.

答案：Having worked

6.I was fast asleep ________ suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound.

答案：when

7.I ran out of the house into the back garden ________ I could see Mount Kilauea in the distance.

答案：where

8.The height of the land ________ (vary) from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres and is home ________ a great variety of rare plants and animals.

答案：varies; to

9.There are many stories ________ (tell) about Tianchi.

答案：told

10.They were bathing in Tianchi ________ a bird flew above them.

答案：when

考点步步冲关

1 appoint　vt.任命；委派；指定；约定

I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian  Volcano Observatory (HVO)  twenty years ago.(P34)

二十年前我被任命为火山学家，为夏威夷火山观测站工作。

(1)appoint sb. (to sth.)/(as)  任命某人为……

appoint sb. to do sth.委派某人做某事

appoint a time/place for ... 为……约定时间/地点

(2)appointment n.  任命；约会

make/have/fix an appointment with sb.与某人预约

keep an appointment 守约；践约

miss an appointment 失约；爽约

(3)appointed adj. 约定的；指定的

即时练1

单句语法填空

①He ________ (appoint) as general manager for his rich experience as well as excellent educational background.

②I have an ________ (appoint)  with  Dr Smith, but I need to change it.

③My patient didn't turn up at the ________ time; that is, she missed an ________. (appoint)

答案：①was appointed　②appointment　③appointed; appointment

一句多译

她是这些年来唯一一个被选进董事会的女性。

④She is the only one of the women ________________________  the board these years.(定语从句)

⑤She is the only one of the women  ________________  the board these years.(非谓语动词短语)

答案：④who has been appointed to　⑤appointed to

2 suit　n. 一套外衣；套装　vt.适合；使适宜

We had white protective suits that covered our whole body, helmets, big boots and special gloves.(P34)

我们都穿着白色的防护服遮住全身，戴上了头盔和特别的手套，还穿了一双大靴子。

(1)a suit of 一套/副

(2)suit sb. fine 很合某人的意；  对某人很合适

suit ... to ... 使……适合于……

(3)suitable adj.  适当的；相配的

be suitable for 适合于

be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事

(4)suited adj. 合适；适宜；般配的

be suited for/to ... 适合做……；适合于……

即时练2

单句语法填空

①He bought a small notebook, which was very suitable ________ him while on business because of its convenience.

②Only in that way can you find jobs that are best suited ________ your abilities and interests.

③They'd soon be penniless and homeless if she couldn't find ________ (suit) work.

④Jim and Mary seem ________ (suit) to each other, in spite of their quarrels.

答案：①for　②to/for　③suitable　④suited

用fit/suit/match的适当形式完成句子

⑤尽管样式不适合我，但我还是想买这件夹克，因为我穿着很合身而且它和我的裤子很配。

I want to take this jacket because it ________ me well and ________ my trousers, though the style doesn't ________ me.

答案：fits; matches; suit

3anxious　adj.忧虑的；不安的

I was so anxious and couldn't move at first.(P38)

我非常担心，一开始吓得动弹不得。

(1)be anxious to do sth.急于做某事

be anxious about sth.担心/忧虑某事

be anxious for sb. 为某人担心

be anxious for sb. to do sth.渴望某人做某事

be anxious that ... 担心……

(2)anxiety n. 忧虑；担心；渴望

with anxiety 焦虑地

(3)anxiously adv. 焦虑地；不安地

即时练3

单句语法填空

①Watching him climb up the cliff, everybody was breathless ________ anxiety.

②It's natural for parents to be anxious ________ their children's future.

③As you know, everybody is anxious ________ (see) his article published as soon as possible.

④If you are worried about your health, share your ________ (anxious) with your doctor.

⑤We waited ________ (anxious) for our examination results.

答案：①with　②about　③to see　④anxieties　⑤anxiously

make way for ... 为……让路

in this/that way 用这种/那种方法

on one's way to ... 在去……的路上

feel one's way 摸索着前进

lose one's way 迷路

wind one's way 蜿蜒向前

force one's way out 挤出去；冲出去

即时练1

用way相关短语的适当形式填空

①So long as you work hard, you can ____________ in life.

②Could you mail these letters __________ downtown?

③Without experience in it, we have to ____________.

④The Great Wall ________________ across north China like a huge dragon.

答案：①make your way　②on your way　③feel our way　④winds its way

(1)vary from ... 和……不同

vary with ...  随……而变化

vary in size/colour 大小/颜色不一样

vary between ... and ... /from ... to ... 由……到……情况不等；在……到……之间变动

(2)variety n. 种类；多样化

a variety of＝varieties of 各种各样的

(3)various adj. 各种各样的

即时练2

单句语法填空

①Office hours vary ________ company to company and country to country.

②Rooms vary ________ size and some are equipped with  televisions and telephones.

③The prices of some vegetables vary ________ the season.

④The radio station had an open line on which listeners could call up to discuss ________ (vary) issues.

⑤Every  solid object  will  reflect  a  sound, ________ (vary) according to the size and nature of the object.

⑥Malaysia, a multiracial and multicultural country, is famous for its ________ (vary) of food.

答案：①from　②in　③with　④various　⑤varying　⑥varieties

this being my first experience是独立主格结构。独立主格结构主要由“n./pron.＋v. ­ing/v. ­ed/to  do/adj./adv./prep.”构成。此结构中，名词或代词起着逻辑主语的作用，其他部分表示状态、状况或动作。独立主格结构本身不是句子，但在语意上相当于一个句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子主体部分分开。

[名师点津]　(1)独立分词结构：名词或代词主格＋分词

如果构成分词的动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，则使用表示主动意义的现在分词；如果构成分词的动词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，则使用表示被动意义的过去分词。

(2)独立不定式结构：名词或代词主格＋不定式

在独立不定式结构中，如果名词或代词主格是不定式动作的执行者，则两者为主动关系，用不定式的主动形式；如果名词或代词主格是不定式动作的承受者，则两者为被动关系，用不定式的被动形式。

(3)名词或代词主格＋形容词(副词、名词、介词短语)

(4)There/It/This/That being＋名词/代词主格

这是独立主格结构的一种特殊形式，在意义上表示存在，充当原因状语或条件状语，其中的being不能省略。

即时练1

单句语法填空

①Time ________ (permit), students can find a part­time job to decrease the burden of their family.

②Much time ________ (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.

③There ________ (be) no light, we had to feel our way in the dark.

答案：①permitting　②spent　③being

一句多译

整座房子只有这一扇窗子是临街的，因此无论从对面或是从侧面都不必担心邻居的窥视。

④____________________ in the house facing the street, so no neighbours' glances were to be feared from across the street or at the side.(并列句)

⑤____________________ in the house facing the street, no neighbours' glances were to be feared from across the street or at the side.(独立主格)

答案：④This was the only window　⑤This being the only window

句中It is said that ... 为固定句式，意为“据说……”，it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句。该结构相当于people say that ...，还可以改成“Sb. is said to do sth.”结构，其中不定式有时态和语态的变化。

类似结构：

It is thought that ... 大家认为……

It is believed that ... 人们相信……

It is reported that ... 据报道……

It is hoped that ... 人们希望……

It is well known that ... 众所周知……

It is supposed that ... 据推测……

即时练2

单句语法填空

①He is thought  ________ (act)  foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.

②Carbon dioxide is said ________ (heat) the earth twice as quickly as previously feared.

答案：①to have acted　②to be heating

一句多译

据说前几天她写了一篇关于野生动物保护的报告。

③____________________ she wrote a report about wildlife protection the other day.

④She ________________________________ about wildlife protection the other day.

答案：③It is said that　④is said to have written a report

现在分词作状语

1．时间状语

①Walking along the street, I met Mary.

当沿着街道走的时候，我遇到了玛丽。

2．原因状语

②Being tired, I stopped to have a rest.

因为累了，我停下来休息一下。

3．条件状语

③Turning to the left, you'll find the school.

左转，你就会找到学校。

4．让步状语

④Knowing where I live, he never comes to see me.

虽然知道我住在哪里，但他从不来看我。

5．伴随状语

⑤I stood there, waiting for the bus.

我站在那儿等公交车。

6．结果状语

⑥It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in the area.

雨下得很大，给这个地区造成严重的洪灾。

7．现在分词的完成式

(1)句型

(2)用法：v.ing的完成式表示该动作发生时间早于主句谓语表示的动作

⑦Having finished my work, I went to bed.

完成我的工作之后，我上床睡觉了。

[重点提示]　

(1)现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。

(2)分词短语作状语时，与主句之间不可出现并列连词。

(3)分词的否定形式是通过在分词前加not, never等否定词构成。

即时练

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．He sends me an e­mail, ________ (hope) to get further information.

答案：hoping

2．________ (find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.

答案：Finding

3．She works in a theatre, ________ (follow) in her father's footsteps.

答案：following

4．________(defeat) many times, he didn't lose heart.

答案：Having been defeated

5．________ (chat) for several hours, they came to realize that they had a lot in common.

答案：Having chatted

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．We couldn't afford to stay at a hotel, run out of nearly all our money.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：run前加having

2．Having not seen a rainbow before, he was very excited.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：Having not→Not having

3．Buying the precious necklace, she had no money left.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：Buying→Having bought

4．His parents died, to leave him an orphan.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：to leave→leaving

5．Having been told many times, but he still didn't obey the rule.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：去掉but

基础达标演练

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．A fire broke out in our town recently and a large factory ________ (burn) to the ground.

答案：was burned/burnt

2．He made his reasons for resigning ________ (absolute) clear.

答案：absolutely

3．The pop star walked out of the stage, ________ (wave)her hands elegantly to her crazy fans.

答案：waving

4．It is the second time that the volcano ________ (erupt) in less than a month.

答案：has erupted

5．This study may contribute to treating ________ (anxious) and stress better.

答案：anxiety

6．I was about to hand in the paper ________ I found another mistake and then corrected it carefully.

答案：when

7．This ________ (be) my first performance, I was so nervous that I felt I could hardly breathe.

答案：being

8．________ (wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.

答案：Having waited

9．The sun began to rise in the sky, ________ (bathe) the  mountain in golden light.

答案：bathing

10．Changbaishan is China's largest nature reserve and is home ________ roe deer.

答案：to

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．There was no bus, we had to take a taxi to go to the station.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：was→being或we前加so

2．Her feelings varied from joy and fear as she watched him fight.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：from→between或and→to

3．Hearing the news that he had appointed as general manager of the big company, he was filled with excitement and joy.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：had后加been

4．Among the wounded were the dance instructor, who had just told the class that she was pregnant.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：were→was

5．The mother was standing at the gate, anxiously to see her son.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：axiously→anxious

Ⅲ.教材微写作

A．根据提示完成句子

1．我的朋友李华是一个很有潜力的人。(potential abilities)

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

答案：My friend, Li Hua, is a person who has potential abilities.

2．大学毕业后他被任命为一名消防队员。(appoint ... as ...)

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

答案：After graduating from college, he was appointed as a firefighter.

3．一天下班后，他正要去购物，这时他发现一间房屋着火了。(break out)

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

答案：One day after work, he was about to go shopping  when he found a fire broke out in a house.

4．跑到现场，他匆匆地看了一下火情，穿过人群，不惊不慌地冲进燃烧的建筑物里。(glance through)

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

答案：Rushing to the spot and glancing through the situation of the fire, he made his way through the crowd without panic, and went into the burning building.

5．他冒着生命危险救出了被困的五个孩子。(risk)

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

答案：Risking his own life, he saved five children trapped in the fire.

6．他的英勇行为受到了同事和领导的表扬。(because of)

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

答案：Because of his heroic behavior, he was praised by his colleagues and leader.

B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范

答案：My friend, Li Hua, is a person who has potential abilities. After graduating from college, he was appointed as a firefighter. One day after work, he was about to go shopping  when he found a fire broke out in a house. Rushing to the spot and glancing through the situation of the fire, he made his way through the crowd without panic, and went into the burning building. Risking his own life, he saved five children trapped in the fire. Because of his heroic behavior, he was praised by his colleagues and leader.