2021高考英语一轮统考复习第一部分教材重点全程攻略Book6Unit4Globalwarming学案含解析新人教版

Unit 4  Global warming基础自主检测阅读识记Ⅰ.英译汉1.random adj. 胡乱的；任意的2.subscribe vi. 同意；捐赠；订阅vt. 签署(文件)；捐助3.data n. 资料；数据4.tendency n. 倾向；趋势5.casual adj. 随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的6.motor n. 发动机7.microwave n. 微波炉；微波Ⅱ.汉译英1.graph n. 图表；坐标图；曲线图2.fuel n. 燃料3.flood  n. 洪水；水灾4.outer adj. 外部的；外面的5.advocate vt. 拥护；提倡；主张6.can n. 容器；罐头7.nuclear adj. 核的；核能的；原子核的高频应用1.quantity n. 量；数量　　　　　　2.trend n. 趋势；倾向；走向3.range n. 种类；范围  4.glance vi. 看一下；扫视　n. 一瞥5.widespread adj. 分布广的；普遍的6.average adj. 平均的  7.circumstance n. 环境；情况8.refresh vt. 使恢复；使振作  9.presentation n. 显示；演出拓展变形1.consume (vt.) 消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完→consumer (n.) 消费者→consumption (n.) 消费；消耗量2.phenomenon (n.) 现象→phenomena (pl.) 现象3.tend (vi.) 趋向；易于；照顾 (vt.) 照顾；护理→tendency (n.) 倾向；趋势4.oppose (vt.) 反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→opposed (adj.) 反对的；对立的5.mild (adj.) 温和的；温柔的；淡的→mildly (adv.) 温柔地；温和地6.consequence (n.) 结果；后果；影响→consequent (adj.) 随后发生的；作为结果的→consequently (adv.) 因此；所以7.state (vt.) 陈述；说明→statement (n.) 说明；陈述；声明8.steady (adj.) 平稳的；持续的；稳固的→steadily (adv.) 平稳地；持续地9.existence (n.) 生存；存在→exist (vi.) 存在10.commitment (n.) 承诺；交托；信奉→commit (v.) 承诺；保证11.pollution (n.) 污染；弄脏→pollute (vt.) 弄脏；污染12.growth (n.) 增长；生长→grow (v.) 生长；增长；渐渐变得13.electrical (adj.) 电的；与电有关的→electricity (n.) 电；电能14.educator (n.) 教育工作者；教育家→educate (vt.) 教育→education (n.) 教育15.contribution (n.) 贡献→contribute (v.) 贡献；投稿16.disagreement (n.) 分歧；不一致→disagree (vi.) 不同意；意见不合 1.特别“不规则”的名词复数①datum→data 数据②medium→media 媒体③bacterium→bacteria 细菌④criterion→criteria 标准⑤phenomenon→phenomena 现象⑥crisis→crises 危机2.与“灾难”有关的名词①flood 洪灾②drought 旱灾③disaster 灾难④catastrophe 大灾难⑤earthquake 地震⑥tsunami 海啸3.后缀­ation必备名词①presentation 显示，演出②reformation 改革，革新③invitation 邀请④modernization 现代化⑤organization 组织⑥preparation 准备 一 动词＋介/副词1.come about 发生；造成2.subscribe to 同意；赞成；订购3.go up 上升；增长；升起4.result in 导致5.keep on 继续6.put up with 忍受；容忍二 be＋形容词＋介词7.be opposed to 反对三 介词＋宾语8.on the whole大体上；基本上9.on behalf of ... 代表……一方；作为……的代言人四 其他10.quantities of 大量的11.even if/though 即使12.so long as 只要13.and so on 等等1.“动词＋up with”短语集锦①put up with 忍受；容忍②keep up with 跟上③catch up with 跟上④end up with 以……结束2.“be＋­ed分词＋to”短语面面观①be opposed to 反对②be addicted to 沉溺于③be attached to 附属于④be devoted to 献身于……⑤be accustomed to 习惯于⑥be sentenced to 被判处_________________________________________________________________1.连词＋分词(when compared to/with)That probably does not seem much to you or me, but it is a rapid increase when_compared_to (当与……相比的时候) other natural changes.(教材P26)2.There is no doubt that ... “毫无疑问……”There_is_no_doubt_that (毫无疑问) the earth is becoming warmer ... (教材P26)3.even if引导让步状语从句Even_if (即使) we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.(教材P27)4.as/so long as引导条件状语从句；if not省略句It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so_long_as (只要) you are using it—if_not (如果不), turn it off！(教材P30)单句语法填空1.It is human activity that has caused this global warming rather ________ a random but natural phenomenon.答案：than2.All scientists subscribe to the view  ________ the increase in the earth's temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels.答案：that3.It means that more heat energy tends to ________ (trap) in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.答案：be trapped4.It is the burning of more and more fossil fuels ________ has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.答案：that5.Greenhouse gases continue to build ________ in the atmosphere.答案：up6.I am doing a project on behalf ________ my school about global warming.答案：of7.Together, individuals can make a difference. We do not have to put up ________ pollution.答案：with8.It takes a lot of energy ________ (make) things from new materials.答案：to make9.Get your parents ________ (buy) things that are economical with energy.答案：to buy10.Talk with your family and friends about global warming and tell them ________ you have learned.答案：what考点步步冲关 1 quantity　n．量；数量The problem begins when we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.(P26)当我们在空气中增加大量额外的二氧化碳的时候，问题就开始了。a (large/small) quantity of 大量/少量的(large) quantities of 大量的；许多的in quantity 大量地[名师点津]　a quantity of与quantities of这两个短语后均可接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式。“a quantity of＋名词”作主语时，其谓语动词与名词保持数的一致；而“quantities of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词总是用复数形式。即时练1单句语法填空①A large quantity of money ________ (collect) to help those suffering from the floods.②In the first place, vehicles send large quantities of poisonous gases which ________ (be) a major source of air pollution.③________ (quantity) of food and tents were sent to earthquake­stricken areas from Shandong.④It's cheaper to buy goods ________ quantity.答案：①has been collected　②are　③Quantities　④in2 oppose　vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量On the other hand, there are those, like George Hambley, who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.(P27)在另一方面，还有一些人，像科学家乔治·汉布利，反对上面的观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中会有高含量的二氧化碳。(1)oppose (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事(2)opposed adj. 反对的；对立的be opposed to 反对……(3)opposite adj. 相反的；对立的be opposite to 与……相反on the opposite side of 在……对面(4)opposite prep. 在……对面A is opposite B. A在B对面。[名师点津]　(1)oppose后跟表示动作的词作宾语时，动词要用动名词形式。be opposed to结构中，to是介词，其后也要用动词的­ing形式。(2)表示反对的其他表达：disagree with, object to, be against等。即时练2单句语法填空①Much to our amazement, they came to conclusions completely ________ (oppose) to ours.②Many old men are opposed to ________ (cut) down the 100­year­old tree for rebuilding the shopping centre.③We live further down ________ the opposite side of the road.答案：①opposite　②cutting　③on单句写作——词汇升级④高中生们坚决反对受到别人的不公正对待。a．普通表达：The senior students ______________________ being treated unfairly by others. b．高级表达：The senior students strongly ____________ being treated unfairly by others.c．高级表达：The senior students ______________________ being treated unfairly by others.答案：a.are strongly against　b．oppose/object to　c．are strongly opposed to 3 average　adj.平均的；普通的n．平均；平均数vt.& vi.算出……的平均数；平均为The greenhouse effect gives the earth's surface the average temperature of 15 ℃.(P29)温室效应使地球表面的平均温度保持在15 ℃。on average 平均地；通常above/below average 在一般水平以上/以下即时练3单句语法填空①Last year was the warmest year on record, with global temperature 0.68 ℃ ________ the average.②________ average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.答案：①above　②On单句写作——句式升级③这辆汽车以平均每小时50千米的速度在行驶。a．普通表达：The car is running ____________________ 50 kilometres an hour.(at a speed of)b．高级表达：The car is running, ______________________ 50 kilometres an hour.(定语从句)答案：a.at an average speed of　b．whose speed averages4 advocate　vt. 拥护；提倡；主张However, I still think people should advocate improvements in the way we use energy today.(P30)然而我仍认为人们应该支持改善日常能源的消耗方式。advocate sth. 主张/提倡……advocate doing sth. 主张/提倡做某事advocate that ... 主张，倡导(从句要用虚拟语气“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略)即时练4单句语法填空①We advocate ________ (solve) international disputes by negotiations, instead of appealing to arms.②Mr Williams is a dietary expert, ________ (advocate) more exercise and a good diet be the key to a healthy life.③Animal activists advocate that the government ________ (set) up a special organization to protect these migrating birds.答案：①solving　②advocating　③(should) set 1come about 发生；造成教材原句So how has this come about and does it  matter？(P26)那么，这种温度的上升是怎么产生的呢？它要紧吗？How did it come about that ...? ……是怎样发生的？come across偶遇come into being 形成；产生；出现come into power 上台执政；当权come into effect 生效come out 出版；结果是；发芽come up 被提及；长出地面；发生come up with 提出；想出when it comes to ... 当谈到……时come on 跟着来；跟上来；〈口〉得啦；快点；进展come to 总计；达到；归纳为[名师点津]　come about, happen, take place和break out这四个表示“发生”的词语，都是不及物动词(短语)，不可用于被动语态。即时练1用come相关短语的适当形式填空①When the exam results ________________， Jack left as usual.②The subject ________________ during a pre­dinner drink with our guests.③I never remember having  ________________ a man like that.④Tony ________________ a new idea for increasing sales.答案：①came out　②came up　③come across　④came up with单句写作⑤我真不明白这么短的路程你怎么会迟到一个小时。I'll never understand ____________________ you were an hour late on such a short journey.⑥当谈及帮妻子做家务活这件事的时候，他从来不抱怨。He never complains ____________________ his wife with the housework.答案：⑤how it came about that　⑥when it comes to helping 2result in导致教材原句They also agree that it is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.(P26)他们还赞同下述观点，正是由于越来越多燃烧化石燃料导致了二氧化碳的增加。result from 由……造成as a result 结果as a result of 由于；作为……的结果without result 没有结果；白费即时练2用result相关短语的适当形式填空①It's said that his lameness ________________ an accident.②The boom in building has ________________ the local land being more valuable now for houses.③All singers are united. ________________， their performance was successful.④________________ your carelessness, the whole project should be put off at least one month.答案：①resulted from　②resulted in　③As a result　④As a result of 3put up with  容忍；忍受教材原句We do not have to put up with pollution.(P30)我们没有必要忍受污染。put aside 节省；储蓄；储存put away 收起来put down 写下；记下put forward 提出建议；把……拨快put off 延期；推迟put out 熄灭；扑灭；伸出put on 穿上；上演put up 举起；建造；张贴；提供；投宿[名师点津]　表示“容忍；忍受”的词语还有：stand, tolerate, bear等。即时练3用put相关短语的适当形式填空①He decided that he would drive back to town instead of ________________ for the night at the hotel.②Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can ________________ almost every word her teacher says.③I'm not  going  to ________________ their smoking any longer.④A suggestion has been ________________ that we should recycle the textbooks.⑤We are trying to ________________ some money every month for our vacation.答案：①putting up　②put down　③put up with④put forward　⑤put aside 1Even_if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.(P27)翻译即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。even if＝even though引导让步状语从句，意为“即使；纵使”。让步状语从句还可用以下连接词引导：(1)用while引导让步状语从句需置于句首，意思是“尽管；虽然”。(2)用whether ... or ... 引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管/无论……还是……”。(3)用whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever等引导让步状语从句，意思是“不管/无论什么/谁/怎样/何时/哪里……”。(4)用as/though/although引导让步状语从句，意思是“虽然；尽管”。用as引导时，从句必须倒装；用though时，从句可倒装也可不倒装；用although时，从句不倒装。即时练1单句语法填空①Hard ________ they tried, they couldn't make her change her mind.②Whether in the home ________ in the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.③Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, even ________ they knew it to be valuable.④________ you are, you have to obey the orders and there is no exception.答案：①as/though　②or　③if/though　④Whoever 2It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so_long_as you are using it—if not, turn it off！(P30)翻译只要你在使用电器设备你可以把它开着。如果不用就把它关掉！as/so long as 引导条件状语从句，相当于on condition that, provided that或if(只要，如果)。此外，as long as 还可表示“与……一样长”。(1)as far as 到达某个提及的地方，在……范围内，就……而言。(2)as many as “多达……”“达到……之多”，与可数名词复数连用。(3)as much as “多达……”“达到……之多”，与不可数名词连用。(4)as soon as “一……就……”，引导时间状语从句。(5)as well as 也，还；除……之外还。(6)as good as 和……一样好；几乎，差不多。即时练2用as ... as相关短语的适当形式填空①These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—________________ most light can't reach.②Electric energy can be changed into light energy ________________ into sound energy.③She trained hard for the race, sometimes running ________________ 60 miles a week.④You can borrow my car ________________ you promise not to drive too fast.⑤________________ I am concerned, I am strongly against the plan.⑥A distant relative is not ________________ a near neighbour.答案：①as far as　②as well as　③as many as　④as long as　⑤As far as　⑥as good asit的用法(Ⅱ)It用于强调句型中1．It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他，这个句型可以强调主语、宾语、介词短语及状语①I met Tom in the park yesterday.→It was in the park that I met Tom yesterday.我昨天在公园遇到了汤姆。2．强调句的特殊疑问句句型为：特殊疑问词＋is/was it that/who＋陈述句②What did you want to find yesterday?→What was it that you wanted to find yesterday?昨天你想找到的东西是什么？3．强调句与名词性从句的结合③I want to know what you wanted to find yesterday.→I want to know what it was that you wanted to find yesterday.我想知道你昨天想找到什么。4．It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that ... ④I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.→It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.直到她摘下墨镜，我才意识到她是一个著名的影星。It常用的固定搭配1．make it口语中表示“成功做到；及时到达；渡过难关；约定时间”等。⑤No matter how hard it is, I will make it one day.无论多么艰难，终有一天我会成功。2．Take it easy.口语中相当于“Don't worry.”或“Don't hurry.”，用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌；沉住气；别担心”。⑥Take it easy! He will do it well!别担心！他会做好的。3．It all depends./That all depends.口语中相当于“It hasn't been decided yet.”表示“那得看情况，还未定下来。”⑦—Are you going to the countryside for a holiday?—It all depends.——你要去乡村度假吗？——视情况而定。4．It's up to sb.口语中，相当于“It's decided by sb.”表示“由……决定/由……负责/取决于……”。⑧—Shall we go out for dinner?—It's up to you.——我们要出去吃饭吗？——由你决定。即时练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．________ wasn't until two days ago that Dad allowed me to drive on the motorway.答案：It2．________ is up to you to decide whether we should go or not.答案：It3．I thought he would be too old to get to the top of the mountain, but he made ________ at last.答案：it4．________ it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?答案：Was5．He was so busy yesterday that it was not until late at night ________ he finished his work.答案：thatⅡ.单句改错1．Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century when his musical gift was fully recognized._________________________________________________________________答案：when→that2．It was with the help of the local guide who the mountain climber was rescued._________________________________________________________________答案：who→that3．I don't know why was it that I hated him so much._________________________________________________________________答案：was it→it was4．It is Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old man to the hospital, wasn't it?_________________________________________________________________答案：is→was5．It was last spring when they worked together they began to become good friends._________________________________________________________________答案：together后加that
基础达标演练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．On the other hand, the cost of everything from housing to education has risen ________ (steady) in recent decades.答案：steadily2．The authorities no longer subscribe ________ the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers.答案：to3．I'm not opposed to ________ (upload) a hundred pictures at a time of my recent travels into albums on Facebook.答案：uploading4．Quantities of money ________ (spend) in bringing up the children since they were married.答案：have been spent5．The water recreation centre provides a variety of activities, ________ (range) from swimming to diving.答案：ranging6．Pleasant music is often played between classes to make students ________ (refresh) and relaxed for a while.答案：refreshed7．Population aging is one of the world's population development ________ (tend)．答案：tendencies8．He had been ill for a long time and ________ (consequence) he was behind in his work.答案：consequently9．We should do our work well to make ________ (contribute) to our future, our society and our nation.答案：contributions10．Some experts think that pollution poses a threat to the continued ________  (exist) of this species.答案：existenceⅡ.单句改错1．Under the circumstance he felt unable to accept the job._________________________________________________________________答案：circumstance→circumstances2．On the average, American kids aged from 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more than they did in 1981._________________________________________________________________答案：去掉the3．Though he works hard, his marks are still over average._________________________________________________________________答案：over→below4．On whole, he was generous and honest, but sometimes he was mean._________________________________________________________________答案：On后加the5．I want to express the very deep appreciation in behalf of all of us, for this warm welcome that you have given us._________________________________________________________________答案：in→onⅢ.教材微写作A．根据提示完成句子1．随着工业的发展，产生了越来越多的温室气体，地球在逐渐变暖。(greenhouse gases)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：With the development of industry, more and more greenhouse gases are produced and the earth is becoming warmer.2．结果，海平面在上升，致使许多沿海城市和动物的栖息地处于危险中。(habitat)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：As a consequence, the sea level is rising, which puts many coastal cities and animal habitats in danger.3．全球变暖已经对人类和动物构成严峻的挑战，因此，到了我们采取措施应对这一挑战的时候了。(it is high time)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Global warming has become a serious challenge to mankind  and  animals, so it is high time that we took/should take measures to deal with it.4．只有我们停止这种粗暴对待环境的方式，我们才能和环境和谐相处。(roughly)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Only by stopping treating the environment roughly can we live in harmony with it.B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范 答案：With the development of industry, more and more greenhouse gases are produced and the earth is becoming warmer. As a consequence, the sea level is rising, which puts many coastal cities and animal habitats in danger. Global warming has become a serious challenge to mankind and animals, so it is high time that we took/should take measures to deal with it. Only by stopping treating the environment roughly can we live in harmony with it.