2021高考英语一轮统考复习第一部分教材重点全程攻略Book8Unit3Inventorsandinventions学案含解析新人教版

Unit 3  Inventors and inventions

基础自主检测

1.三个特殊的名词单复数

①标准 criterion (单数)，criteria (复数)

②媒体 medium (单数)，media (复数)

③细菌 bacterium (单数), bacteria (复数)

2.含“rain”的合成词

①rainfall n. 降雨量

②raindrop n. 雨滴

③rainwater n. 雨水

④rainbow n. 彩虹

⑤rainstorm n. 暴风雨

⑥rainforest n. 雨林

⑦raincoat n. 雨衣

3.后缀­ive形容词

①passive 被动的

②active 主动的

③positive 积极的

④negative 消极的

⑤subjective 主观的

⑥expensive 昂贵的

一 动词＋介/副词

1.call up 给……打电话

2.set about 开始；着手

3.dive into 迅速把手伸入；一心投入

4.set out (to do) 开始(做)

5.set about (doing) 开始(做)

6.hang on 不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住

7.get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过

8.ring back 回复电话

9.ring off 挂断电话

二 其他

10.now and  then 偶尔；有时

11.out_of order 违反规程的；发生故障

1.“v.＋into”结构的短语荟萃

①dive into 一心投入　　　②burst into 突然闯入

③run into 撞上  ④look into 调查

⑤knock into 撞上  ⑥break into 破门而入

⑦look into 调查

2.接打电话的常用动词短语

①call/ring/phone sb. (up) 给……打电话

make a phone/telephone call to sb. 给……打电话

②pick up the telephone 接电话

③hold on 等一等，别挂电话

④answer the phone 接电话

call/ring back 回电话

return one's call 回电话

⑤ring off 挂断电话

hang up 挂断(电话)

hang on 不挂断；稍等

get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)

________________________________________________

1.there seems to be ... “好像有……”

The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there_only_seemed_to_be (看来只有) powders designed to kill snakes.(教材P20)

2.“only＋状语从句”引起的倒装

Only_after_you_have_had_that_recognition (只有在已得到这种认可之后) can you say that you are truly an inventor.(教材P21)

3.否定词nor置于句首时主句要部分倒装

Nor_will_you_receive_a_patent_until (你才能获得专利，直到) a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone else's.(教材P21)

4.It's a matter of ... “这是……的问题”

Now it's_a_matter_of (只是) waiting and hoping.(教材P21)

5.every time “每次……”引导时间状语从句

Every_time (每次) you do you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before.(教材P25)

6.祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句

Follow_it_up (跟随它), explore all around it, and before you know it, you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.(教材P25)

单句语法填空

1.Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself ________ inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.

答案：by

2.I set about ________ (research) the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.

答案：researching

3.But once ________ (pick) up, they tried to bite me.

答案：picked

4.As they were ________ (poison) snakes, I clearly needed to improve my design again.

答案：poisonous

5.This was in the expectation ________ the snakes would bite again.

答案：that

6.________ (press) by my friends and relations, I decided to seize the opportunity to get recognition ...

答案：Pressed

7.The criteria are so strict ________ it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.

答案：that

8.There are a large number of patent examiners, too, ________ only job is to examine whether your claim is valid or not.

答案：whose

9.It was this exploring around problems and his dynamic spirit ________ led to his most famous invention—the telephone in 1876.

答案：that

10.Bell was fully aware ________ the importance of his invention.

答案：of

考点步步冲关

1 distinguish　vt.& vi.显示……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别

Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them. (P20)

这回我有机会来表现一下自己了。我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇捉住，而又不会伤害它们。(1)distinguish ... from ...  把……与……区分开来

distinguish between A and B 区分A与B

(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；杰出的；著名的

即时练1

单句语法填空

①There is something about music that distinguishes it ________ all other art forms.

②The Town Hall completed in the 1800s was the most ________ (distinguish) building at that time.

③The lecture mainly deals with the trouble young children have ________ (distinguish) right from wrong.

答案：①from　②distinguished　③distinguishing

2 expectation　n．预料；期待；期望

This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again. (P21)

这是因为我预料蛇还会再咬人。

(1)beyond expectation 超出预期

live up to one's expectations 不辜负某人的期望

come up to/meet one's expectations 达到某人的期望

(2)expect vt.& vi. 期望；预料；预计

expect sth./to do sth./that ...  期望某事/期望做某事/期望……

be expected to do ...  被期望/有望做……

expect sb. to do ...  期望某人做……

即时练2

单句语法填空

①The beauties of the West Lake in spring were ________ his expectation.

②Many students graduate from college in the expectation ________ they can soon find jobs in accordance with their wishes.

③I'm determined to go all out to live up to my parents' ________ (expect)．

④Our defeat ________ (expect) but it was disappointing nevertheless.

答案：①beyond　②that　③expectations　④was expected

一句多译

人们怀着憧憬购置房产，期待其价格将继续强劲上涨。

⑤People buy a house ________________ its price will continue to rise strongly. (expectation)

⑥People buy a house ________________ its price will continue to rise strongly.(expect)

答案：⑤in the expectation that　⑥expecting that

3 bear　vt.忍受；忍耐；负担；带有；显示(标记或特征)；生(孩子)

I can't bear the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue. (P24)

我无法忍受烧烤架上香肠的焦糊味。

(1)can't bear to do sth./doing sth. 不能忍受做某事

(2)bear in mind that ... ＝bear/keep ... in mind 记住……

(3)bear a heavy burden 肩负重担

bear the responsibility/blame 承担/负有责任

[名师点津]　bear表示“容忍；忍耐”时多与can/could连用，且多用于否定句和疑问句中。

即时练3

单句写作

①水能载舟，亦能覆舟。

The water that ____________ the boat is the same that swallows it up.

②我无法忍受年轻人虚掷光阴。

I can't ____________ young people ______________ their youth.

③记住：成功来自于努力。

____________ that success comes from hard work.

④肩负重担，她必须努力工作抚养孩子。

______________________， she has to work hard to bring up her children.

答案：①bears　②bear; casting away　③Bear in mind

④Bearing a heavy burden

4 associate　vt.联想；联系　n. 同事；伙伴

Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody's life. (P26)

虽然人们常把他与电话的发明联系在一起，但是他的确是一位永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。

(1)associate sb./sth. with sb./sth. 把某人/某事和某人/某事联系在一起；由某人/某事联想到某人/某事

be associated with ... 和……有关

associate with sb. 与某人交往或打交道

(2)association n. 联合；联想；交往；协会；团体

in association with ...  与……合伙/合作；与……相联系

(3)associated adj. 关联的；联合的

即时练4

单句语法填空

①I always associate the smell of those flowers ________ my childhood.

②We are working in ________ (associate) with a number of local companies to raise money for the homeless.

③Through science we've got the idea of ________ (associate) progress with the future.

④Many words ________ (associate) with life in the West are Spanish in origin.

答案：①with　②association　③associating　④associated

一句多译

我们必须把这两方面考虑进去，它们都关系到学生们的安全。

⑤We must take two aspects into consideration, __________________ the safety of the students. (定语从句)

⑥We must take two aspects into consideration, ________________ the safety of the students. (独立主格)

答案：⑤both of which are associated with　⑥both of them associated with

(1)call at 拜访(某个地点)

call in 打电话来；召来，叫来(服务)

call off 取消；停止

call on/upon 短暂探访(某人)；号召；呼吁

call for 呼吁；要求；需要；去接(某人)

call out 大声呼叫；召集

(2)ring/call back 回复电话

ring off/hang up 挂断电话

give sb. a ring/call 给某人打电话

(3)hang/hold on不挂断电话

即时练1

用call相关短语的适当形式填空

①They decided to ________________ a doctor because the child was not any better.

②This is a problem that ______________ an immediate solution.

③The boy on watch started ________________ when he saw somebody approaching.

④He had to ________________ the meeting because of the bad weather.

⑤This picture ________________ my memories of the amusing experience.

⑥We ______________ our new neighbour's house last week.

答案：①call in　②calls for　③calling out　④call off 　⑤calls/called up　⑥called at

(1)get across 传达；解释清楚

get along with sb.与某人相处融洽

get away with sth.携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚

get down to sth./doing sth. 开始做某事；认真处理某事

get over克服(困难)；从……中恢复过来

(2)go through经历；检查

look through 浏览；仔细查看

live through经历(艰难或险境)

即时练2

写出下列句中get through的含义

①I managed to get  through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.________

②I couldn't get through to her because her phone was busy all day.________

③She found writing helped her get through the rough days.________

④Luckily, he got through the exam and his efforts paid off.________

⑤The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more.________

答案：①(设法)完成　②打通电话　③渡过　④通过　⑤用完

用get相关短语的适当形式填空

⑥We all hope that he can ________________ the freezing winter and get better.

⑦He has never really ________________ the loss of his wife.

⑧It's time you  ____________________ some practice or the other students will leave you behind.

⑨He's not very good at _________ his ideas _________.

答案：⑥get through　⑦get over　⑧get down to　⑨getting; across

本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型。

这个祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，and之后的句子相当于主句，所以用一般将来时。在该句型中，祈使句有时也可用名词短语表示。“祈使句＋陈述句”的其他形式为：

(1)“祈使句＋破折号＋陈述句”结构。

(2)“名词短语＋and＋陈述句”(名词短语中通常含有more, another, further, earlier等词)结构。

(3)“祈使句＋or＋陈述句”结构，or表示“否则；要不然的话”，or可用or else或otherwise替换，从反面来预测结果。

[名师点津]　此句型容易和分词作状语混淆，试比较：

(1)Follow the road round to the right and you'll find his house.(祈使句)

(2)Following the road round to the right, she found his house.(分词作状语)

即时练

单句语法填空

①Give me a chance, ________ I'll give you a wonderful surprise.

②Please call me up before you come, ________ we might be out.

③________ (check) my composition again, I found some spelling mistakes.

答案：①and　②otherwise/or else/or　③Checking

一句多译

帮我一个忙，我会感激你的。

④__________________， and I will be grateful to you.(祈使句)

⑤__________________， I will be grateful to you. (if条件句)

答案：④Do me a favour　⑤If you do me a favour

过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语

过去分词作定语

1．及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示与所修饰的名词构成被动或完成的关系。这时，相当于一个定语从句。

①The meeting, which was attended by a lot of people, was a success. (用分词改写)

→The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success.

许多人参加的这个会议很成功。

2．有些不及物动词的过去分词(只限于单个分词，且不能后置)也可作定语，此时只表示完成的动作，而不表示“被动”的意义。

②We drank some boiled water and went on with our work.

我们喝了一些开水继续我们的工作。

过去分词作表语

　过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态或思想感情等。

③When hearing of it, we were deeply moved.

当听到这件事的时候，我们深深地感动了。

过去分词作宾语补足语

　过去分词作宾补，与前面的宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者。

1．过去分词可作表示感觉或心理状态的动词的宾语补足语，这类动词有“see, hear, watch, notice, observe, feel, find, think, consider”等。

④Tom found himself involved in an awkward situation.

汤姆发现自己陷入一个令人尴尬的境地。

2．过去分词可作使役动词的宾语补足语，这类动词有“make, have, get, keep, leave”等。

⑤We will keep you informed of whatever happens.

我们将让你知道发生的任何事情。

3．过去分词可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词有“want, like, wish, expect”等。

⑥He won't like such questions discussed at the meeting.

他不喜欢那样的问题在会议上被讨论。

4．过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构中。

⑦The thief was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.

这个贼被带进来，手绑在背后。

即时练

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．John Snow, a personal physician of Queen Victoria, was willing to help ordinary people ________ (expose) to cholera, the deadly disease of its day.

答案：exposed

2．The manager was satisfied to see many new products ________ (develop) after great effort.

答案：developed

3．Well, his father seems ________ (please) with his result.

答案：pleased

4．Most of the people ________ (invite) to the conference were my old friends.

答案：invited

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．You'd better have the room tidying. It is in a mess.

________________________________________________

答案：tidying→tidied

2．Some guests were invited to the party were late because of the traffic jam.

________________________________________________

答案：去掉第一个were或其前加who

3．In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words using in daily conversations.

________________________________________________

答案：using→used

4．The man seemed quite disappointing.

________________________________________________

答案：disappointing→disappointed

基础达标演练

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．He called me ________ to tell me about it.

答案：up

2．Read this story, ________ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.

答案：and

3．Colour­blind people often find it difficult to distinguish ________ blue and green.

答案：between

4．I haven't seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed beyond ________ (recognize)．

答案：recognition

5．Armed with the information you have gathered, you can set ________ preparing your business plan.

答案：about

6．If you have to catch the first bus every day, choose this hotel. ________ is very convenient for the station—it's  only a two­minute walk.

答案：It

7．He couldn't bear ________ (bother) by the loud noise from the stores and the lights on the street, so he moved on.

答案：being bothered/to be bothered

8．Having made the plan, she set out ________ (do) the experiment.

答案：to do

9．Sorry, there is nobody here with that name. You must ________ (dial) the wrong number.

答案：have dialled

10．Those always ________ (associate) money with happiness may never feel happy, for they are never content.

答案：associating

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．When we saw the road blocking with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.

________________________________________________

答案：blocking→blocked

2．Forgetting the past, leave the sadness behind, and you'll see the door of a new bright world open before you.

________________________________________________

答案：Forgetting→Forget

3．It is so cold and frozen that we have to stay at home.

________________________________________________

答案：frozen→freezing

4．The telephone is out of the order; therefore, we cannot get in touch with the boss.

________________________________________________

答案：去掉order前的the

5．It was not until she got home when Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.

________________________________________________

答案：when→that

Ⅲ.教材微写作

A．根据提示完成句子

1．David是一个谨慎而成功的商人，他的一项新产品获得了专利。(cautious; patent)

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

答案：David, who was a cautious and successful businessman, got a patent for his new product.

2．令他高兴的是这款产品很畅销，但是后来他发现产品没有达到标准。(criteria)

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

答案：Much to his delight, this product sold well, but later he found his product didn't live up to the criteria.

3．他没有气馁，而是抓住一切机会改善产品。(improve)

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

答案：He didn't lose heart but seized every chance to improve the product.

4．他希望自己的产品能最终经受得住市场的考验。(expect)

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

答案：He expected that his product could bear the tests of the market.

5．最终，在自己的努力下，他获得了巨大的成功，自己的收入稳定增长。(stable)

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

答案：Eventually, it was with his efforts that he achieved great success and his income had a stable increase.

B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范

答案：David, who was a cautious and successful businessman, got a patent for his new product. Much to his delight, this product sold well, but later he found his product didn't live up to the criteria. However, he didn't lose heart but seized every chance to improve it. He expected that his product could bear the tests of the market. Eventually, it was with his efforts that he achieved great success and his income had a stable increase.