2021高考英语一轮统考复习第二编语法突破专题二非谓语动词学案含解析北师大版

专题二　非谓语动词

1.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ，61)A 90－year－old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year”  for ________ (be) Britain's oldest full－time employee—still working 40 hours a week.

答案：being　介词for后跟动词时，要用其动名词形式。

2．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ，68)When we got a call ________ (say) she was short－listed, we thought it was a joke.

答案：saying　say与前面的a call之间是主动关系，故填saying，用现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰a call。

3．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ，64)I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged.

答案：looking　动词avoid后面接名词或动名词。此处表示“避免直接看他的眼睛”，应填looking。

4．(2019·天津高考，4)________(learn) to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.

答案：Learning 　本空在主句中作主语，应该用动名词形式。

5．(2019·天津高考，10)Most colleges now offer first－year students a course specially ________ (design) to help them succeed academically and personally.

答案：designed　a course与design之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词作定语。

6．(2019·浙江高考，63)But some students didn't want ________ (wear) the uniform.

答案：to wear　want to do sth.  “想要做某事”，固定用法。

7．(2019·江苏高考，30)________ (enjoy) the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.

答案：To enjoy 　句意：为了享受数字支付的便利，许多老年人开始使用智能手机。使用智能手机的目的是享受数字支付的便利，故用不定式短语作目的状语。

8．(2019·江苏高考，32)China's image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ (recognize) its role in international affairs.

答案：recognizing　句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。此处是with复合结构(with＋宾语＋宾补)，more countries与recognize (承认，认识，认可)之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。

9．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ， 短文改错)All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.

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答案：say→saying　分析句子结构可知，cheered是谓语动词，say前没有并列连词，所以say只能用非谓语动词形式；主语与say之间是主动关系，故用现在分词短语作状语。

10．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ，短文改错)If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.

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答案：manage→managing　succeed in doing sth.  “成功做某事”。

一  动词­ing形式

1．动词­ing形式作主语、宾语或表语

[注意]　①常见的后面接动词­ing形式作宾语的动词或短语有：

②有关动词­ing形式的短语或句型：

2．动词­ing形式作状语、定语、宾语补足语

作定语,

doing,表示主动的动作，如果是动词­ing短语，要置于所修饰的名词之后,①I have had rather a depressing time.

②There were some children swimming in the river.

being done,作后置定语，表示被动、且正在进行的动作,The question being discussed at the meeting now is very important.

作宾语

补足语,doing,表示主动或正在进行的动作。如果是被动语态，那么，宾语补足语就变成主语补足语,①I can see some kids playing on the playground.

②The boy  was caught cheating in the exam.

[注意]　英语中有些动词既可以用动词­ing形式作宾语补足语也可以用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但表达的意义有所不同。如see sb. do sth. (看到某人做了某事，表示看到事情的全过程)和see sb. doing sth. (看到某人正在做某事，表示看到的是正在发生的事情)。常见的用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：feel, hear, notice, see, watch, obverse, listen to, look at等。

二  过去分词

三  动词不定式

1．动词不定式作主语、表语、宾语或宾语补足语

动词不定式可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语，也可以和疑问词构成不定式短语作主语、宾语或表语。

2．动词不定式作状语、定语

(1)作状语

动词不定式作状语可以表示目的、结果、原因、程度等。动词不定式作目的状语，如果置于主句后，不定式前面常常不用逗号(出乎意料的结果除外)。

①He ran fast to catch the bus.(目的状语)

②I returned home that day，only  to find that everything was being in good order.(结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。如果表示顺理成章的结果，用动词­ing形式)

③I am sorry to hear that.(原因状语)

④She wouldn't be so silly to say that.(程度状语)

(2)作定语

动词不定式作定语往往表示将来的动作。

①He has nothing to do.

②We reached an agreement to do the work together.

③They made a plan to develop new products.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2019·福建省百所重点校高三年级联合考试)________ (use) a different mental approach might help explain why people with math anxiety struggle more with complex problems.

答案：Using　分析句子结构可知，此处缺少主语，故使用动名词using和后面的a different mental approach一起作主语。

2．From our survey, we were happy ________ (find) the farmers' living standard greatly improved.

答案：to find　be happy to do sth. “很高兴做某事”。

3．(2020·湖北省孝感市第一中学高三年级月考)Eating soil can produce more effective results ________ (compare) to eating slimming pills, claimed researchers from an Australian university.

答案：compared　句意：澳大利亚的一个大学的研究团队声称，吃土可能比吃减肥药的效果还好。分析句子可知，“compare”属于非谓语，与其逻辑主语“eating soil”之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词形式compared。

4．________ (work) in several countries, the young man seems to have the experience we're looking for.

答案：Having worked　句意：在几个国家工作过，这个年轻人似乎拥有我们所需要的经验。表示发生在主句谓语动词之前的主动的动作，用having worked。

5．You can trust him. He is a man ________ (know) throughout the business field for his honesty.

答案：known　句意：你可以信任他。他是一个在商业界因诚实而著称的人。know与其修饰的名词man之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词known。

6．(2019·黑龙江牡丹江市一中高三摸底考试) ________ (face) with a difficult situation, Amold decided to ask his boss for advice.

答案：Faced　固定短语be faced with “面对着……”；该短语是对句子主语Amold的情况进行说明。句意：面对着艰难的形势，Amold决定向老板征询建议。

7．Our English teacher started a WeChat Group ________ (communicate) with us after school.

答案：to communicate　句意：我们英语老师建了一个微信群，为了课后交流。表示目的，用动词不定式形式。

8．________ (cover) 840 square miles, the national park has beautiful lakes, mountains, and forests.

答案：Covering　句意：占地面积840平方英里，这个国家公园里有湖泊、山脉和森林。逻辑主语the national park与cover之间构成主动关系，用动词­ing形式，故填Covering。

9．The experience ________ (gain) from failure is of great value to us.

答案：gained　句意：从失败中获得的经验对我们很有价值。 该动词gain与其所修饰的名词experience之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，用gained。

10．A growing trend in China now gives customers the options ________ (pay) the bill by scanning a QR code or cash.

答案：to pay　句意：在中国现在有一个越来越火的趋势，让顾客选择扫码或者现金付账单。修饰名词options，用动词不定式作后置定语。

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．To make it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better to keep this card at hand.

______________________________________________________________

答案：去掉better后的to　句意：为了更容易地和我们取得联系，你最好把这张卡片放在手头上。had better do sth. “最好做某事”，为固定搭配。

2．Seeing from the top of the hill, the garden looks more beautiful.

______________________________________________________________

答案：Seeing→Seen　the garden与see之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词作状语。

3．Our company is going on very well. Employ dozens of local women, we produce handmade goods with unique designs that sell well overseas.

______________________________________________________________

答案：Employ→Employing　we是employ这一动作的执行者，因此用现在分词短语作状语。

4．(2019·福建省厦门一中高三第一次月考)Offered the opportunity to speak at the graduation ceremony made me overjoyed.

______________________________________________________________

答案：Offered→Being offered　句意：被给予在毕业典礼上发言的机会让我欣喜若狂。本句的谓语动词是made，其前部分内容应该是主语且“我”应是“被给予机会”，故应用动名词的被动式作主语。

5．(2019·桂林市第十八中学高三第二次月考)With nothing leaving to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out.

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答案：leaving→left　句意：剩下的没有什么东西可燃烧，火越来越弱最后熄灭了。句中nothing和动词leave之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。