高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration精品学案

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Ⅰ.单词语境记忆——根据英汉提示写出单词的适当形式


1．His travels have taken him t every crner f the glbe (地球)．


2．These fish are fund in shallw (浅的) waters arund the cast.


3．She bught a tableclth with a pink and grey striped pattern (模式)．


4．The bld samples are sent t the labratry fr analysis (analyse)．


5．They ften mnitr (监测) what they write，ging back ver their writing t see whether it is clear.


6．I’ve made this argument (argue)，and nt a few peple wuld disagree with me.


7．Yu’ll be given regular (有规律的) bld tests t shw whether yu have been infected.


8．They are lking fr ways f reducing the waste f natural resurces (resurce)．


9．They may nly have a limited (limit) amunt f time t get their pints acrss.


10．The human brain needs t be withut xygen (氧气) fr nly fur minutes befre permanent damage ccurs.


Ⅱ.短语语境填空——根据汉语提示写出适当的短语


1．Technlgical changes will inevitably result__in (导致) unemplyment.


2．As__a__result (结果)，the bad thing has been turned int a gd ne.


3．As lng as yu are able t wrk，yu need t prvide__fr (提供生活所需) yurself and yur family.


4．In__clsing (最后)，after a pursuit lasting all day we caught up with them.


5．At last he pens the frnt dr but time has run__ut (用光) n him.


Ⅲ.句式语境仿写


1．Firstly，explring space has already made a difference in the fight against wrld hunger.


首先，探索太空已经在战胜世界饥饿方面发挥了作用。


[仿写] 早睡早起是个好习惯。


Ging__t__bed__early__and__getting__up__early is a gd habit.


2．It is necessary t find a new hme fr peple in space，as the resurces n Earth will run ut.


由于地球上的资源将耗尽，有必要为太空中的人们找到一个新家。


[仿写] 如果这些症状持续存在，就有必要去看医生。


If the symptms persist，it__is__imprtant__t__g t yur dctr.


记单词


Ⅰ.语境串记多义词


1．I attached a pht which is attached t the land that we are attached t t my recent letter.


我在最近的一封信上贴了一张和我们依恋的土地有关的照片。


2．Our bss fixed a mnitr t mnitr what is happening in the wrkshp.


我们老板安装了一个监视器来监视车间里发生的事情。


Ⅱ.词族联记一类词


1．同义


①argue—debate(辩论)—quarrel(争吵)


②fatal—deadly(致命的)


③attach—tie(系)—fasten(系)


④mystery—secret(秘密)


⑤regular—usual(经常的)


2．反义


①shallw—deep(深的)


②limited—unlimited(无限的)


③clsing—beginning(开始的)


句型公式


1．动名词作主语一般表示经常性、习惯性的动作，其后谓语用第三人称单数形式，有时用it作形式主语，而把动名词后置。


2．“It＋be＋形容词＋不定式” 是固定句型，其中it作形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。





1．argue vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论 argument n．争论；争吵；论点


[合作探究] 体会argue的用法和意义


D yu ever argue with yur family abut which TV prgramme t watch?


你曾经和家人争论过看哪个电视节目吗？


All the evidence argued against the thery that the disease was spread by water.所有的证据显示，该病由水传染之说不能成立。


We argued her ut f ging n such a jurney.


我们说服她不要去做这样一次旅行。


[自主发现]


①argue with sb abut/n/ver 与某人争吵/辩论某事


②argue against 反驳


③argue fr 赞成，为……而力争


④argue sb int ding sth 说服某人做某事


⑤argue sb ut f ding sth 说服某人不做某事


[易混辨析] argue，quarrel


She quarreled with her brther abut their father’s will.


她和她弟弟因为父亲的遗嘱产生了争执。,[巩固内化]


单句语法填空/补全句子


①They argued with each ther abut where t spend their summer vacatin.


②Even s，hw culd anyne argue against eating mre fruit and vegetables?


③I argued him int taking me t a mvie.


④There is still an argument (argue) amng the prfessrs n hw t carry ut the plan.


⑤I said smking was harmful t health.At last，I argued__him__ut__f__smking．


我说吸烟有害健康。最后，我说服他不再吸烟了。


2.limited adj.有限的 limit n．限度；限制；极限；界限；(常作复数)范围 vt.限制；限定


[合作探究] 体会limit的用法和意义


There is a limit t the amunt f pain we can bear.


我们能忍受的疼痛是有限度的。


Each cuntry shuld develp its wn prgramme within the limits f natinal resurces.


每个国家都应该在国家资源的限度内开发自己的项目。


The huse prices in the city seem rising withut limit.


这个城市的房价好像在无限制地飞涨。


The EU has set strict limits t levels f pllutin.


欧盟对污染程度作了严格的限制。


His speech ran ver the time limit.


他的讲话超过了规定的时间限制。


[自主发现]


①There is a limit t... ……是有限度的


②within the limits f... 在……范围之内


③withut limit 无限地，无限制地


④ver/beynd the limit 超量，超出限度


⑤set a limit/limits t... 对……规定限度


[巩固内化]


单句语法填空/补全句子


①Many trains have been cancelled and a limited (limit) service is perating n ther lines.


②Obviusly there__is__a__limit__t the amunt we can get dne in tw weeks.


很显然我们两周内所能完成的工作量是有限的。


③In my pinin，yu had better set__a__limit__t the expense f yur trip t avid spending mney withut__limit．


在我看来，你们最好给这次旅行的费用定一个限度以免花钱如流水。


3.attach vt.系；绑；贴；(使)附属；(使)隶属 attachment n．附件；喜爱；连接


[合作探究] 体会attach的用法和意义


A metal key was attached t the string.一把金属钥匙系在绳子上。


I have attached my pht t yu in my last email，please check it in the attachment.


我已经把我的照片附在上一封邮件里了，请在附件里查一下。


I attach great imprtance t this research.我认为这项研究十分重要。


At ne time the schls were mainly attached t the church.


这些学校曾一度归教会主管。


[自主发现]


①be attached t sb/sth 依恋；附属于；爱慕某人(某物)


②attach sth t sth 把……附在……之上


③attach neself t sb 参加；和……在一起


④attach t sb/sth 与……有联系


⑤attach__imprtance__t 重视


【误区释疑】 中的t为介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词。


[巩固内化] 单句语法填空


①Nw yu can buy cameras that are attached t yur wrist，ear，bike helmet and eyeglasses.


②The middle schl attached (attach) t Beijing Nrmal University is well－knwn acrss the cuntry.


③Why did yu attach yurself (yu) t nly ne club when yu want t learn mre skills?


④Parents shuld attach imprtance t develping (develp) children’s gd habits in life.


4.result in导致；造成 as a result所以；结果(是)


[短语记牢] 记牢下列短语


result frm 因……产生；发生；由……造成


as a result f 作为……的结果；由于……


①The frests were destryed.As a result，parts f the cuntry are nw shrt f water.森林遭到破坏，因此，目前该国的部分地区水源短缺。


②The fld came abut as a result f the heavy spring rains.


春雨大造成了洪水泛滥。


③Many hair prblems result frm what yu eat.


很多头发问题都是由饮食引起的。


④When yu d smething with faith，it will result in success.


当你有信心的去做某事，结果就会成功。


[名师提醒] as a result意为“因此，结果”，后面接表示结果的句子；as a result f意为“作为……的结果；由于……”，其后面的部分表示原因，f后面接名词或动名词。


[巩固内化] 语段填词


Tby didn’t sleep well last night.As__a__result__f(由于) lack f sleep，he felt quite sleepy while driving.S his careless driving resulted__in(造成) a terrible accident.As__a__result(结果)，a happy family lst their sn.Therefre，ne must be very careful while driving，fr accidents mstly result__frm(由……而造成) being absent－minded.


5.prvide fr sb提供生活所需


In rder t prvide fr such a rapidly increasing ppulatin，scientists are trying t find ther planets that culd ne day be ur new hme.(教材P44)


为了供养如此迅速增长的人口，科学家们正在努力寻找其他行星，它们有一天可能成为我们的新家园。


[短语记牢] 记牢下列短语


eq \b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(prvide sb with sth/prvide sth fr sb,supply sb with sth/supply sth t sb,ffer sb sth/ffer sth t sb))给某人提供某物


①If yu can supply us with gds f high quality，we will nt care much fr price.如您能提供优质产品，我们对价格是不会在意的。


②The cup is prvided with big handles which is easy fr the baby t hld.


杯子有大把手，便于婴儿拿着。


③Wrking in a team ffered a chance t me t learn hw t get alng with thers.在团队中工作给了我一个学习如何与他人相处的机会。


④She ffered a cllectr 1，000 dllars fr that painting.


她出价1 000美元向一位收藏家购买那幅画。,


[巩固内化] 一句多译


①她把座位让给我，真有礼貌。


→It was plite f her t supply me__with__her__seat.


→It was plite f her t prvide her__seat__fr__me．


→It was plite f her t ffer me__her__seat．


②这些书将为我们提供所需要的全部信息。


→These bks will supply all__the__infrmatin__we__need__t__us/us with__all__the__infrmatin__we__need．


→These bks will ffer __all__the__infrmatin__we__need__t__us．


→These bks will ffer us__all__the__infrmatin__we__need.


6.run ut用完；耗尽


①Cnditins are getting wrse and supplies are running ut.


情况越来越糟糕，贮备物资也快用完了。


[短语记牢] 记牢下列短语


run acrss 偶然遇见(或看到)


run at 攻击


run after 追赶；追求


run fr 竞选


run int 遇到；撞上


run ut f 用完某物


②We’ve run ut f time，but we’ll g n with this exercise next time.


时间已经用完了，但我们下次继续做这个练习。


③He ran after the girl fr abut tw years but failed t win her hand.


他追求那位姑娘约有两年时间，但还是没能赢得她的爱情。


④Yu always run int sme difficulties at the beginning f a new jb.


一种新的工作，开始总会遇到一些困难。,


[巩固内化] 介副词填空


①The plice were running after the thief all day.


②I ran acrss an ld friend in the street yesterday.


③His car ran int a tree and caused an accident.


④We are running ut f ur fd and water.


[思考] give ut表示“耗尽，用光”时，与run ut相同，都是不及物动词短语，主语通常是物，不能用于被动语态。run ut f和use up表示“用完，耗尽”时，为及物动词短语，可用于被动语态。


7.Firstly，explring space has already made a difference in the fight against wrld hunger.(教材P44)


首先，探索太空已经在战胜世界饥饿方面发挥了作用。


【句式解读】 句中“explring space”为动名词作主语。


【用法总结】 动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况：


1．直接位于句首作主语。


2．用it作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。常用于“It is n use ding...”，“It is n gd ding...”，“It is fun ding...”，“It is a waste f time ding...”等句型中。


3．动名词的复合结构作主语。当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格作动名词的逻辑主语，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。


4．动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。


①Swimming is a gd sprt in summer.夏天游泳是一项很好的运动。


②It is n use/n gd crying ver spilt milk.覆水难收。


③It is a waste f time persuading such a persn t jin us.


劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。


④Yur ging there will help a lt.你到那里去将能帮上大忙。


,[巩固内化] 补全句子


①Wrking__in__these__cnditins is nt a pleasure but a suffer.


在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。


②Listening__t__lud__music__at__rck__cncerts has caused hearing lss in sme teenagers.


在摇滚音乐会上听很吵的音乐已造成了一些青少年的听力丧失。


③Their__cming__t__help was a great encuragement t us.


他们来帮忙对我们是极大的鼓励。


8.It is necessary t find a new hme fr peple in space，as the resurces n Earth will run ut.(教材P45)


由于地球上的资源将耗尽，有必要为太空中的人们找到一个新家。


【句式解读】 It is necessary t find...句型，意为“……是有必要的”。it为形式主语，不定式短语t find a new hme fr peple in space作真正的主语。


I feel it is ur duty nt t pllute ur envirnment.


我感觉我们有责任不污染我们的环境。


【用法总结】 it作形式主语常用于下列句型中：


(1)It＋be＋形容词＋(fr/f sb) t d sth


(2)It is＋n.＋t d...


(3)It takes sb sme time t d sth干……花了某人……时间


①It is very kind f yu t lend me the bk.你把书借给我实在太好了。


②It is very imprtant fr us t finish wrk n time.


对我们来说按时完成工作是很重要的。


③It is a great hnur t be invited t speak here.


很荣幸被邀请在这儿发表演讲。


④It takes me an hur t walk there and back.


我步行一个来回用一小时。


,[巩固内化]


同义句转换/补全句子


①Yu are careless t make s many mistakes in the exam.


→It__is__careless__f__yu__t__make s many mistakes in the exam.


②T study English well is very imprtant fr us.


→It__is__very__imprtant__fr__us__t__study English well.


③We think it__is__ur__duty__t__take__care__f__the rphans.


我们认为照顾这些孤儿是我们的职责。


④Hw lng des it__take__him__t__drive t wrk?


他开车去上班要用多长时间？





Ⅰ.单词拼写


1．We can wade shallw (浅的) rivers，but deeper nes we’ll have t swim.


2．I find it really hard t drag myself ut and exercise regularly (经常)．


3．Our cuntry has a large ppulatin，vast territry and abundant resurces (资源)．


4．They displayed nly a part f their prducts because space was limited (有限的)．


5．That murder was a mystery (谜) fr a lng time，but a clever detective cleared it.


6．As yu study a glbe (地球仪)，yu may ntice that mst f the large land areas are cnnected，r almst s.


7．By abut 6 weeks f age，mst babies begin t shw smething a day/night sleeping pattern (模式)．


8．He lay back n the grass using his backpack as a pillw (枕头)．


9．A hspital spkesman said she had suffered a fatal (致命的) heart attack.


10．They actually mnitr (监控) the mvement f the fish ging up river.


Ⅱ.补全句子


1．Errrs in thery will inevitably result__in (导致) failures in practice.


2．I wn’t argue__with__yu (和你争辩) abut that matter nw.Let’s talk it ver when yu’ve calmed dwn.


3．As__a__result__f(由于) the rape f the frests，parts f the cuntry are nw shrt f water.


4．She’d have enugh mney t prvide__fr (提供生活所需) her children until she culd find wrk.


5．In__clsing (最后)，the reader shuld remember the key pints f this first infrmatin paper.


6．I pushed the prblem aside; at__present (目前) it can’t be slved.


7．My watch has stpped.The battery must have run__ut (用光)．


8．It’s a waste f time playing__vide__games__every__day (每天玩游戏)．


9．The plant tends t grw attached__t__ther__trees (依附在别的树上)．


10．It__is__cruel__f__him__t__make (他真心狠让) the dnkey carry such a heavy lad.


Ⅲ.阅读理解


On Saturday evening，CCTV shwed a cmputer－generated image f the Chang’e 3 lander’s path as it apprached the surface f the mn，saying that during the landing perid it needed t have n cntact with Earth.As it was just hundreds f meters away the lander’s camera bradcast images f the mn’s surface.


The Chang’e 3’s slar panels，which are used t absrb sunlight t generate pwer，pened sn after the landing.The missin blasted ff (发射) frm suthwest China n Dec.2 n a Lng March－3B carrier rcket.It is named after a mythical Chinese gddess f the mn and the “Yutu” rver vehicle，r “Jade Rabbit” in English，afternn the gddess’ pet.


China’s military－backed space prgram has made much prgress in a relatively shrt time，althugh it is behind the United States and Russia in technlgy and experience.China sent its first astrnaut int space in 2003，becming the third natin after Russia and the United States t achieve manned space travel independently.In 2006，it sent its first prbe (探测器) t the mn.China plans t pen a space statin arund 2020 and send an astrnaut t the mn after that.


“They are taking their time with getting t knw abut hw t fly humans int space，hw t build space statins and hw t explre the slar system，especially the mn and Mars.They are making big advancements，and I think ver the next 10－20 years they’ll certainly be matching Russia and America in this area and maybe vertaking them in sme areas.”


【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是中国在太空探索方面正在取得进展，中国将在太空探索领域方面取得更大的成功。


1．What is this text mainly abut?


A．An unknwn flying bject.


B．China is making prgress in the space explratin.


C．China’s intentin f taking ver the space.


D．Hw will Chang’e 3 be sent int space?


答案 B [主旨大意题。根据文中“The Chang’e 3’s slar panels，China’s military－backed space prgram”和最后一段中“They are taking their big advancements”可知，中国在太空探索方面正在取得进展。故选B。]


2．Accrding t the text，what is the “Jade Rabbit”？


A．Smene’s pet.


B．A gddess in China’s myth.


C．The name f the carrier rcket.


D．The name f the rver vehicle f Chang’e 3.


答案 D [细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Chang’e 3’s slar the gddess’ pet.”可知，the “Jade Rabbit”是嫦娥三号月球车的名字。故选D。]


3．In Paragraph 3，the underlined wrd “it” refers t ________．


A．ChinaB．Russia


C．the United StatesD．the space statin


答案 A [词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“China’s military－backed space technlgy and experience.”可知，中国军方支持的太空计划在相对较短的时间内取得了很大进展，尽管在技术和经验上落后于美国和俄罗斯。与 the United States and Russia相比由此推知it指的是“中国”。故选A。]


4．Why des the authr qute (引用) smene’s wrds in the last paragraph?


A．T discuss ther cuntries’ prgress in space explratin.


B．T tell readers mre abut why we shuld explre the space.


C．T argue whether China is ging t benefit frm space prgramme.


D．T explain that China will succeed in the field f space explratin.


答案 D [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“They are making big sme areas.”可知，作者在最后一段引用别人的话是为了解释中国将在太空探索领域取得成功。故选D。]


Ⅳ.阅读七选五


Faces，like fingerprints，are unique.Did yu ever wnder hw it is pssible fr us t recgnize peple？__1__Yet a very yung child—r even an animal，such as a pigen—can learn t recgnize faces.We all take this fr granted.


__2__When we talk abut smene’s persnality，we mean the ways in which he r she acts，speaks，thinks and feels that make that individual different frm thers.Like the human face，human persnality is very cmplex.But describing smene’s persnality in wrds is smewhat easier than describing his face.__3__But if yu were asked t describe a “nice persn”，yu might begin t think abut smene wh was kind，cnsiderate，friendly，warm，and s frth.


There are many wrds t describe hw a persn thinks，feels and acts.Grdn Airprt，an American psychlgist，fund nearly 18，000 English wrds characterizing differences in peple’s behavir.__4__Bkwrms，cnservatives，military types—peple are described with such terms.


Peple have always tried t“type” each ther.Actrs in early Greek drama wre masks t shw the audience whether they played the villain’s r the her’s rle.In fact，the wrds “persn” and “persnality” cme frm the Latin persna，meaning “mask”．Tday，mst televisin and mvie actrs d nt wear masks.__5__


A．If yu were asked t describe what a“nice face” lks like，yu prbably wuld have a difficult time ding s.


B．But we can easily tell the“gd guys” frm the “bad buys” because the tw types differ in appearance as well as in actins.


C．We als tell peple apart by hw they behave.


D．Peple have difficulty in describing the features f fingerprints.


E．And many f us use this infrmatin as a basis fr describing，r typing ne’s persnality.


F．Experts say that actrs differ in their behaviral and physical characteristics in acting.


G．Even a skilled writer prbably culd nt describe all the features that make ne face different frm anther.


答案 1.G [根据上文“Faces，like recgnize peple？”可知，人们的面容如指纹一样是独一无二的，即使优秀的作家也很难描述出一个人的全部面部特征，从而与其他人区分开，故选G。]


2．C [根据下文“When we talk frm thers.”可知，人们通过行为方式的不同而进行区别彼此，故选C项。]


3．A [根据上文“But describing smene’s describing his face.”并呼应下文“But if yu were asked t ，and s frth.”可知，此处对品格与面容进行类比，故选A。]


4．E [根据下文“Bkwrms，cnservatives，military types—peple are described with such terms.”可知，这些术语都是用来描述人们的个性或给人们划分类别的，故选E。]


5．B [根据上文“Actrs in early Greek the her’s rle.”并结合“Tday，mst televisin and mvie actrs d nt wear masks.”可知，现在电视和电影演员不带面具，但我们能容易地区分出“好人”和“坏人”，这是因为他们的角色在行为与相貌上不同，故选B。]


Ⅴ.语法填空


This stry is abut a warm－hearted bus driver，wh is a very kind persn.I think it’s a stry 1.________ is well wrth sharing.One day，I 2.________ (ride) n a bus as usual.This bus driver was n duty that day.He’s very different 3.________ thers.He wuld always have a smile n his face while driving.He wuld always say “hell”，and whenever a persn was leaving the bus，he’d tell him 4.________ (have) a nice day.


That day it happened t be raining 5.________ (heavy) and I was sitting near the frnt rw.The bus driver asked me if I had a lng way t g，and ffered t lend me 6.________ umbrella.I was mved after 7.________ (hear) what he said.I tld him I didn’t need it fr the shrt path I tk.Sn befre I left，anther wman als entered and 8.________ (ask) the same questin by the driver.I saw that she accepted his 9.________ (kind)．


S，yeah，it’s very nice t knw there are such warm－hearted peple ut there.I tld this stry t my friends，and they were really 10.________ (surprise) that there are such kind peple ut there.


【语篇解读】 作者讲述了一位好心司机的故事。


1．that/which [考查引导词。先行词为stry，故用that或which引导定语从句。]


2．rde [考查动词时态。根据前面的时间状语One day可知，此处表示过去的动作，故用ride的过去式rde。]


3．frm [考查介词。be different frm意为“与……不一样”。]


4．t have [考查非谓语动词。tell sb t d sth意为“告诉某人去做某事”。]


5．heavily [考查副词。修饰谓语动词be raining要用heavy的副词形式。]


6．an [考查冠词。umbrella是第一次提到的单数可数名词，且是以元音音节开头的，故用an修饰。]


7．hearing [考查非谓语动词。此处after为介词，介词之后用动词的－ing形式。]


8．was asked [考查动词的时态和语态。anther wman与ask之间是被动关系，且这是发生在过去的事，故要用一般过去时的被动语态。]


9．kindness [考查名词。根据语境可知句意：我看到她接受了他的好意。]


10．surprised [考查形容词。此处用形容词作表语，意为“感到吃惊的”。]





argue
指对自己的立场、看法等提出论证企图说服别人
quarrel
指因对某事不满而生气，同某人争吵