2020江苏高考英语二轮讲义：专题五书面表达层级三　题型应对策略


层级三　题型应对策略
近几年江苏卷基本上都是要求考生首先阅读一篇短文，然后用约30个单词概括短文全文或短文某个方面的内容，再按写作内容要点要求用约120个单词就某个主题发表观点。
一、如何写好概括
(一)图表类概括
图表类书面表达在近年的高考中时有出现，主要是一些关于情况调查、生产、销售、发展进程等各种项目统计的示意图。对于这类形式的书面表达，考生首先要根据图表前的文字说明，弄清楚图表的性质、内容和规律；然后，从图表的整体着手，认真分析各项数据，概括出事情或事件的规律和特征；最后归纳出主题。写作时要巧妙地引用一些数据来说明主题，不要过度发挥。
(二)文章类概括
[典例]　阅读下面短文，然后用约30个单词概括其内容要点。
In recent years, internet voting has become increasingly popular in China. People not only cast on­line votes themselves, but also urge others to vote for competitions like the “Most Beautiful Teacher” and the “Cutest Baby”．
Li Jiang, a high school student, is invited to vote in the “Best Police Officer” competition, organized by the local government to let the public have a better understanding of police officers’ daily work. Li Jiang visits the website and reads all the stories. He is deeply moved by their glorious deeds. He is already thinking of becoming a policeman himself in the future.
Su Hua is invited by his uncle to vote for his cousin in the “Future Singer” competition. He has already received three similar invitations this week. His uncle tells him that if his cousin wins the competition, the family will win an overseas tour for free. Su Hua likes his cousin very much, but he finds other singers perform even better. To vote, or not to vote? This is a question that troubles him very much.

第一步　明确文章体裁
本文属于议论文，人称主要使用第三人称。
第二步　找出文章主旨
第三步　提炼作者观点
自主解答　On­line_voting_becomes_increasingly_popular,_and_many_competitions_get_people_involved_in_it.It_is_beneficial_to_some_people，while_it_puts_others_into_a_dilemma_over_whether_to_vote_or_not.

1．确定文章体裁
考生应当首先仔细阅读短文，明确文章体裁，根据不同文体组织解题思路。　
2．思路点拨
(1)记叙文：
找出记叙文六要素：时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、起因(why)、经过(what)、结果(how)。用最简练的语言说明故事讲述了什么。
(2)议论文：
先找出文章的论点、论据和结论，然后将这三部分有机地结合起来，使用第三人称，尽可能客观简要地转述文章的观点。
(3)夹叙夹议文：
先参考记叙文的思路概括大意，再加上文章透露的观点，指出该故事说明了什么道理。
(4)说明文：
抓住每段的关键词和主题，有序地表达出文章的中心内容。
二、如何“凑”够词数
在试题中有明确规定：150词左右；语篇连贯，词数适当。下面介绍几种常见的增加细节的方法，然后依据这些方法对习作进行修改。
(一)追加成分
在要点基础上适当增加合乎逻辑的附加成分，如定语(从句)、状语(从句)、非谓语动词、独立主格结构等。不仅增加了词数，而且使表达更清晰、准确，主题更突出。
[示例1]　(开设英语电影欣赏课)建议多选择英语电影。
As a young student，I suggest that the teacher should choose more English films that appeal to us teenagers，thus making English learning more interesting.
[示例2]　(演讲注意事项)要面带微笑；要讲慢些，讲清楚。
Be sure to wear a smile on your face when you speak，which will make you relaxed.Besides，remember to speak slowly and clearly so that you can leave a good impression on the audience and judges.
(二)补加语句
根据行文走向，适当增加一些与主题相关的语句，或由要点衍生的句子，既能起到前引后联的作用，又能补充一些相关信息，帮助读者理解所写内容。
[示例1]　(提醒考生注意)要按时进入考场。
Be sure to enter the examination room on time.Whoever is late won’t be allowed to enter.
[示例2]　(谈论善款用途)募捐得来的钱将送给急需的人。
The money collected in the charity sale will be sent to those in great need.This will not only help them through difficulties，but also give them warmth and happiness.
(三)添加过渡
根据行文或段落需要，在句与句或段与段之间适当增加过渡词语，甚至过渡句，可以使文章浑然一体，同时能充实文章。
[示例1]　话题：我最喜欢的季节
The Season I Like Best
Summer is my favorite season of the year.The reasons are as follows.Firstly，there is plenty of fun for teenagers in summer，including going camping，going to the beach，going swimming at public pools and travelling locally with friends.Secondly，summer vacation is the longest of the year.As far as I’m concerned，every summer I stay at my uncle’s house in the country for three weeks and enjoy a wonderful life there.I can also catch worms that are not found in winter.In addition，I can see different kinds of beautiful birds.I think summer is certainly more fun than the other three seasons.I like summer best.
[示例2]　话题：祝贺朋友获奖
Dear Peter，
Congratulations to you on your winning first place in the Chinese Speech Competition held recently.It is no wonder that you have made such great progress in your Chinese study, because you have always been working hard and are never willing to give up.
To be honest, what I admire most is your hardwork and determination.It’s from you that I have learned a valuable lesson, that is，“No pains, no gains.” Therefore，I would like to express my sincere thanks to you for what you have taught me.
Wish you more advance in your study!
Yours，
Li Hua
(四)不忘收尾
总结会使文章结构更显完整，掌握结尾技巧能够得到更高的印象分。因此，建议考生用简短的语言总结全文。
1．总结方式：
(1)概括：用简洁的语言概括中心内容，画龙点睛。
(2)提出建议：就某一问题，提出自己的建议或呼吁。
(3)重申观点，首尾呼应。
2．常用短语：
in conclusion, in a word, all in all, to sum up, to summarize, to conclude, therefore等。
[学生用书P112]
A
(2019·江苏卷)请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Li Jiang：Have you heard this？A group of exchange students from the UK are visiting our school next month.
Su Hua：Yes，I have. Some are already recommending the traditional Chinese dress for the welcome ceremony.
Li Jiang：But it seems people have different opinions.
Su Hua：What do you think?
Li Jiang：I think it’s a good idea. It’s an opportunity to make the Chinese culture better known to international students.
Su Hua：I agree. But we don’t have to dress that way. That’s not our daily style. Besides, it’s not very convenient.
Li Jiang：You see, it’s the Chinese culture that the British friends are coming for. Just the right occasion.
Su Hua：I prefer the school uniform. It’s nice. It’s also a better display of our school culture.
【写作内容】　
1．用约30个词概括上述信息的主要内容；
2．在上述场合，你是否倾向于穿中国传统服装？请说明理由(不少于两点)。
【写作要求】　
1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3．不必写标题。
【评分标准】　
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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Possible version one：
Li Jiang and Su Hua are discussing what to wear when receiving the British students next month. Li recommends the traditional Chinese dress while Su prefers the school uniform.
I would be happy to wear traditional Chinese clothes at the welcome ceremony. Firstly, this is precisely what the British visitors are expecting. They come to learn about Chinese culture with their own eyes. Their Chinese peers in the typical Chinese dress would be highly impressive.The school uniforms are fine, but not special enough to give a unique Chinese flavour. Secondly, the inconvenience is not a problem if our purpose is to share Chinese culture. It is just the so­called inconvenience that displays the richness, delicacy and great fascination of Chinese culture with a history of thousands of years.
The traditional Chinese clothes, it seems to me, will make the occasion very Chinese and inviting to the British guests.
Possible version two：
Li Jiang and Su Hua don’t agree on what to wear when greeting the British students. Li suggests traditional Chinese clothes while Su thinks the school uniforms are more suitable.
I prefer the school uniform to the traditional Chinese dress at the welcome ceremony next month. Although the traditional Chinese dress may look more beautiful and stylish, it is a little bit strange to walk around in it. We feel at ease in our school uniforms every day. What’s more, the traditional Chinese dress can’t reflect the unique culture of our school. From the design and colour of our uniforms, the British friends will learn more about our school. Besides, the choice of the traditional Chinese dress means extra money and extra time, for we have to change it back after the event.
So the school uniforms are a better choice than the traditional Chinese dress for such an occasion.
B
(2018·江苏卷)请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。


【写作内容】　
1．用约30个词概括上述利用排名(ratings)进行消费的现象；
2．谈谈你如何看待消费排名，然后用2－3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
【写作要求】　
1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3．不必写标题。
【评分标准】　
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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Possible version one：
As a major channel of consumption information，the rating is an efficient source of information for shopping in our own consumption.Interestingly，the same rating may have different influences on different consumers.
I tend to consult consumption ratings whatever I purchase.Firstly，the higher rating means the higher quality of the product，or better service.Based on the ratings，I bought my beloved backpack，saw interesting films and tasted delicious foods.Secondly，ratings can save time to make decisions in shopping.For example，there are huge amounts of reference books which I am often confused to choose from.In that case，it is both convenient and economical to buy books according to the ratings.
There is no doubt that it is unwise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption.The advantages and disadvantages of ratings are often closely related.It is necessary to hold an objective attitude towards ratings.
Possible version two：
Nowadays，most commodities or services are rated through certain channels.These ratings，easy to access，are playing an increasingly important role in customers’ purchase decision.However，results are sometimes unsatisfactory.
There is no denying that such ratings might bring convenience to consumers，but they are often misleading and unreliable.As we all know，most of the ratings are based on others’ judgment on the product or service concerned.Every judgment comes from a specific need or a unique psychological state.Apparently，blindly following others’ advice will affect our own judgment.Another fact should not be neglected that some of the ratings are the outcome of a careful manipulation of companies or sellers. It has become a common practice for some to pay for good ratings on their products or services so as to increase their sales.
Therefore，we should give a second thought to these ratings whenever we go shopping.
C
(2017·江苏卷)请认真阅读下面有关我国电影票房收入(box­office income)的柱状图及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

Saturday Afternoon.In a Shopping Centre.
Li Jiang：Hi，Su Hua.Which movie shall we see?
Su Hua：Whatever.We’ve got so many choices, Kung Fu Yoga, Journey to the West...Each sounds great!
Li Jiang：Yeah！And some movie stars are fantastic.
Su Hua: And the high­tech！...
Li Jiang：Perfect！Let’s get some food first.We only have 20 minutes left.
Su Hua：No hurry.The cinema is on the same floor.

One Day in 2016.At Home.
Son：Mum，shall we go and see a film tonight?
Mother：Why bother？We can stay at home and watch films online.It’s convenient with our new and faster network.

Son：But it feels good in a cinema.
Mother：And the price...We have to pay 50 yuan a ticket.
Son：Only 10 yuan more than last year.
Mother：But still we cannot get the money’s worth.Some films are just boring...
【写作内容】
1．用约30个单词概述柱状图信息的主要内容；
2．我国电影票房收入变化的原因有哪些，简要谈谈你的看法(上述对话仅供参考，原因不少于两点)；
3．谈谈你对我国电影票房收入走向的看法，并简要说明理由。
【写作要求】
1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3．不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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One possible version：
The box­office income of Chinese movies witnessed a constant increase from about 17 billion yuan in 2012 to over 40 billion in 2015. However, that increase slowed down in 2016.
The reasons behind this are various. The fast economic development before 2016 was probably the most powerful engine driving the constant growth in the box­office income. The application of new technologies and the wide appeal of movie stars could also account for the increase. However, China saw a decline in its economic growth rate last year. And the internet increased options for movie lovers. Consequently, some viewers began to turn away from cinemas, leading to a slower growth.
China’s economy is expected to grow at a medium speed in the coming years, so an increase is possible in the investment in the movie industry and the number of quality movies. Therefore, its box­office income will probably enjoy a slight increase.
[学生用书P113]
A
(2019·江苏名校高三摸底)请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
One popular restaurant in India run by Minu Pauline is urging customers and the community to put their leftover food in a refrigerator located outside of the restaurant for the hungry to take.
People who are in need of a meal are encouraged to take food from the fridge at any time, for any reason. The fridge is open 24 hours a day, seven days a week and stays unlocked. Pauline asks that people write the date they left the food, so those who take it know how long it’s been there.
The idea to put a fridge in the street came to Pauline late one night when she saw a lady searching a dustbin for food.
She was especially saddened because that particular night, her restaurant had made a ton of food that she could have easily given to the woman, instead of her searching for food. She felt like that she contributed to waste, and avoiding waste is what Pauline is focused on.
【写作内容】
1．用约30个词概括上述信息的主要内容。
2．用约120个词发表你的观点，内容包括：
(1)你平时见过的或做过的类似善举；
(2)你从中得到的感悟。
【写作要求】
1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3．不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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____________________________________________
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One possible version：
Minu Pauline, who came across a woman searching for food in a garbage bin, called on people to put their leftover food in the fridge located outside her restaurant for those who need it.
In my daily life, charity events can be seen everywhere. My mum and her colleagues donate clothes they don’t wear and even buy stationery for children in distant mountain villages every year. My teachers sacrifice their spare time to help us improve our subjects for free. As for me, I always spare no effort to help others such as helping a blind man cross the street, collecting rubbish by the wayside and accompanying old people in the nursing home.
All this has set me thinking deeply. A small act of kindness can make a great difference to people in need of help and even transform their lives into the better. If everyone extends his or her helping hand, I’m convinced, the world will become better.
B
请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
(2019·江苏六校高三联考)As global fast­food chains and coffee shops begin phasing out single­use plastic straws, McDonald’s China introduced a “strawless” lid(盖子) for cold beverages at 10 Beijing restaurants.
Like many consumers, Wu Yanmei, a bank clerk in Beijing, had never thought about the impact a simple straw could have on the environment. “Actually, I don’t like using straws, but the cups at fast­food restaurants are all designed for use with a straw，” she said. “I don’t think straws are necessary, so the moves are a good way to raise people’s awareness of not using single­use plastic products.”
However, Jiang Jianguo, a professor of environmental studies at Tsinghua University, said he doubts such activities alone can have a major effect on the global pollution problem. “I don’t think the move by McDonald’s will be a success because previously there were lots of hotels calling for a ban on single­use plastics, but it ended in nothing because businesses compete by trying to make things convenient for consumers，” he said.
【写作内容】
1．用约30个词概括上述材料的主要内容；
2．用约120个词谈谈你对“快餐连锁店逐步弃用塑料吸管”的看法，并用2－3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
【写作要求】
1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3．不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
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One possible version：
Fast­food chains like McDonald’s have taken action to stop using plastic straws gradually to be environmentally friendly, but as to whether such a move can have effects on improving the environment, people hold different opinions.
Though plastic straws can afford people great convenience, I think phasing them out in fast­food chains is advisable. First, plastics are a major source of pollution because they’re difficult to degrade. Therefore, phasing out plastic straws can definitely contribute, to some extent, though not greatly, to the environment, such as reminding people of the urgency to protect the environment. Moreover, without straws, consumers can still have their drinks. So why must we equip each drink with a straw? Why don’t we save such resources for other uses? Maybe, somewhere, the plastics saved can make a big difference to society.
As a senior three student, I hope all the Chinese people will take an active part in the campaign against using plastic straws, which is of great benefit to our living environment.
C
请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Two Chinese runners died after they collapsed at the 2016 Xiamen International Half Marathon in Southeast China’s Fujian province.A runner fell down and suffered sudden heart failure with 4.5 kilometers to go before the finishing line.The other runner fell down after crossing the finishing line.
From the national perspective, recent years’ marathons have seen many accidents.After all, looking back on the various marathon incidents in the last two years, we can find that lots of helplessness and pain have been added to the sport which should have generated joy.
In fact, in 2014, three other runners also had no chance to run any more：On March 31st, a 25­year­old female runner died suddenly in the Suzhou Jinji Lake International Half Marathon；on May 27th, a 21­year­old freshman suddenly died at the 16th km in the Kunming Plateau International Half Marathon；on July 19th, a participant who participated with the qualification of another person died suddenly in the Kangbao Grassland Marathon at about the 18th km.
Marathons, aiming to keep people fit, become the way to death, which worries many people, and what most worries them is that the victims are not professional athletes, but average people, so some even appeal to cancel a few marathon events throughout China.
【写作内容】
1．用约30个词概括上述材料的主要内容；
2．用约120个词谈谈你对“普通公民参加马拉松”这一现象的看法，并用2－3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
【写作要求】
1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3．不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
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One possible version：
In recent years, more and more average citizens died while running a marathon，which worries many people, some of whom even appeal to cancel a few races.
I strongly object to the fact that average people compete in any marathon race.On the one hand，while many cities in our country hold their own marathon races, their preparations are not always satisfactory.Many people who are obviously not fit for the race are allowed to take part, so they certainly face all kinds of risks.On the other hand，the marathon, as an extreme sport, is rather demanding for average people, but the fact is that many of them, completely ignoring their body condition and health, make all their efforts to run, which, unexpectedly, tends to end up with a tragedy.
In one word, it is necessary for us average people to lead an active life, but it doesn’t mean we have to run a marathon.

书面表达(一)[学生用书P157(单独成册)]
(建议用时：25分钟)
A
(2019·苏北三市高三质量检测)请认真阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Li Jiang　　　　　　　　　　1 January, Sunny　
It’s that time of year again: Time to make New Year’s resolutions. It has become a tradition for me and I have carried on it for years. Every time I tick off the resolutions on the list, I am feeling on cloud nine. I know my life has arrived at a crucial stage and I will have to go all out in the new year. Now I put down my new resolutions here. Firstly, I need to sharpen my writing skills. Secondly，...

Su Hua　　　　　　　　　　1 January, Sunny
I felt ashamed of myself when I was reviewing my previous resolutions this morning. I make resolutions every New Year’s Day. However, they DON’T WORK! What happens in January stays in January; it rarely makes it to June. “New Year, New You.” I’ll try again and turn over a new leaf. And this time I am crossing my fingers that my new resolutions will be helpful.
【写作内容】
1．用约30个词概括上面两段文字的主要内容。
2．用约120个词谈谈你的观点，内容包括：
(1)新年表决心的意义，用1－2个理由或论据支撑你的观点；
(2)实现新年决心的做法(至少两点)。
【写作要求】
1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3．不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
____________________________________________
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One possible version：
People tend to make resolutions on New Year’s Day to inspire themselves to meet new goals. While fulfilled aspirations do bring happiness, many people fail to make their resolutions work.
Anyway, it makes sense to make New Year’s resolutions when the calendar changes. At the beginning of a new year, resolutions can guarantee us a fresh start. Just as a saying goes, well begun is half done. Meanwhile, the resolutions can serve as a constant reminder and a powerful motivator towards our goals.
Therefore, practical methods should be adopted to make our resolutions come true. Break our resolutions into a series of time­based steps and achieve them one by one. Also, share our resolutions with our family members who can regularly remind us. At the same time, assess and reward ourselves in time for remarkable progress that we have made. I’m sure that we will make it with persistent efforts.
B
(2019·苏州高三调研)请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
When 11­year­old Trevor begins 7th grade, his social studies teacher Eugene gives the class an assignment to design and put into action a plan that will change the world for the better.Trevor thinks hard and comes up with a plan.Trevor’s plan is a charitable program based on the networking of good deeds.Trevor does a favor for three people, asking each of them to pay the favor forward by doing favors for three other people, and so on, along a branching tree of good deeds.His first good deed is to let a homeless man named Jerry live in his garage, and Jerry pays the favor forward by doing car repairs for Trevor’s mother.Trevor then selects Eugene as his next target and tricks Eugene and Arlene, Trevor’s mother, divorced and single now, into a romantic dinner date.After her date with Eugene, Arlene paid Jerry’s favor forward by forgiving her own mother, Grace, for her mistakes in raising Arlene, and Grace, who is homeless, helps a gang member and the gang member then saves a girl’s life in a hospital, and the girl’s father gives the reporter his new car...
【写作内容】
1．用约30个词概括上述信息的主要内容；
2．用约120个词发表你的观点，同时提供理由或论据，内容包括：
(1)你如何看待Trevor的计划？
(2)如果你来完成Trevor的老师布置的这项任务，你的计划是什么？
【写作要求】
1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3．不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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One possible version：
That’s a touching story about an 11­year­old boy who designed and carried out the “Pay it Forward” program and tried to make a difference to change the world for the better.
Trevor’s idea is brilliant. It’s like an invisible bond which connects everyone together and enables kindness to widely spread in every corner of the world. He not only puts his genius idea into action by doing a favor for three people, but also appeals to the recipients of favor to pay the favor forward.
In my view, to change the world for the better, first and foremost, we should change ourselves for the better. So I will make a checklist of the bad habits I need to get rid of and the things I want to learn, which can motivate me to do some small changes every day. I will also appeal to my classmates to follow me by posting our checklists online and push each other to be a better self.
C
(2019·江苏名校高三摸底)请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
A pair of British researchers said Monday they had worked out a simple equation(方程式) to quantify(量化) happiness that could put an exact figure on the emotional state.
After interviewing 1，000 people, the researchers concluded that happiness equals P ＋ 5E ＋ 3H.
In the equation, P stands for Personal Characteristics (outlook on life, adaptability and resilience); E for Existence (health, friendships and financial stability) and H represents Higher Order (self­esteem, expectations and ambitions)．
The researchers asked interviewees—a mix of men and women all over 18 years old—to choose five scenarios that made them more happy or less happy from a list of 80 different situations.They also asked a series of questions about their own natures, outlook and situations.Not surprisingly, the results showed that different people found happiness in different ways.
【写作内容】
1．用约30个词概括上述信息的主要内容；
2．用约120个词简要分析人们对幸福的理解以及你所得到的启示(不少于两点)。
【写作要求】
1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3．不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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One possible version：
Two British researchers interviewed 1，000 people about their opinions on happiness and concluded happiness equals “P ＋ 5E ＋ 3H”， a simple equation to quantify happiness. And different people define happiness differently.
Happiness is something we are willing to commit all our lives to pursuing, without which life will be empty and meaningless. Nevertheless, people’s ideas on happiness vary from person to person. Some think possessing a great deal of money is the secret to happiness, while others feel giving aid to others will make them happy.
I am in favor of the latter. We can do our bit to help the needy so that they can also enjoy a colorful and significant life. As for me, building up my body is high on the agenda. Anyway, health is the secret to happiness and, I think, nothing is more important than it. Besides, we should maintain an optimistic attitude to life, which is a must for happiness. In addition, happiness is not wishing for what we don’t have, but cherishing what we do possess. Hopefully, happiness is no doubt at hand.
D
请阅读下面文字及图表，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Panda is the most widely recognized symbol among foreigners to represent Chinese culture, followed by green tea and yin/yang, according to a survey conducted by the Beijing Institute of Culture Innovation and Communication. Researchers selected 18 symbols of Chinese culture, including Confucius, Beijing opera and kung fu.
“It is interesting to find that foreigners have a very different understanding of Chinese culture from us，” said Yu Dan, a professor of Chinese culture at Beijing Normal University.
The survey collected 2，407 questionnaires from the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Australia, Japan and South Korea. Respondents were asked to rate their understanding of Chinese culture on a five­point scale from excellent to poor. The results were indicated in the following chart：

【写作内容】
1．用约30个词写出上文和图表的概要；
2．用约120个词发表你的观点，内容包括：
(1)你认为最能代表中国文化的是什么？请说明理由；
(2)我们应该如何更好地推广中国文化？(至少两点)
【写作要求】
1．须表明个人观点，同时提供理由或论据；
2．阐述观点或提供论据时，不得直接引用原文语句；
3．文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
4．不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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One possible version：
A survey conducted recently shows that the panda is what can best represent Chinese culture in foreigners’ eyes. Yet foreigners in general lack a good understanding of Chinese culture.
From my perspective, there is no denying that Confucius is the most representative symbol of Chinese culture. As a philosopher, Confucius not only represents the traditional Chinese culture, but has been influencing us Chinese people since ancient times. Nowadays we can find lots of Confucius Institutes around the world, which provide platforms for the foreigners to learn about Chinese culture.
Undoubtedly, culture is a decisive factor in social development. As a country with a long history, China is rich in civilization and culture. To promote Chinese culture, we are supposed to provide various cultural exchange activities. What’s more, establishing Confucius Institutes all over the world is also a good idea. Meanwhile, attracting more foreign visitors to China to experience Chinese culture will have a far­reaching impact.
书面表达(二)[学生用书P159(单独成册)]
(建议用时：25分钟)
A
(2019·江苏高三六校联考)请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
A bookseller in Chongqing municipality has been leaving novels on trains and at stations to inspire more commuters to read, after seeing British actress Emma Watson take part in a similar project in London.
Author and bookstore owner Jiang Lin, 29, randomly placed 40 works along the city’s light rail system on Sunday.
“I considered the needs of commuters，” he said.“I hope strangers can feel comforted by the books and feel connected with other readers.”
“Those who find a book can read it in public or take it home, but they are encouraged to leave it again on public transportation once they have finished with it，” Jiang said.
Up to now, more than 20 people have come on board and are now working on a more detailed plan to spread the love of reading.
The idea is welcomed by quite a few people, saying that the campaign is of great importance when it comes to helping people improve reading skills.Others, however, set forth a totally different argument, pointing to the fact that books left on the light rail were damaged and even littered.
“I believe there are many book lovers like me in China, and this project will be welcomed across the country，” Jiang said.
【写作内容】
1．用约30个词概括上述信息的主要内容；
2．用约120个词谈谈你的看法，内容包括：
(1)你对“丢书大战”的态度并说明理由；
(2)高尔基说：“书是人类进步的阶梯。”你采取哪些做法来提升自己的阅读素养？(不少于两点)
【写作要求】
1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3．不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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One possible version：
Recently, the Book Fairy Campaign, which happened in Chongqing underground, has raised people’s awareness of reading and caused a hot debate about whether it is of much significance to carry out this event which has also brought about negative effects.
As we know，China’s average reading time is among the least throughout the globe，which sets alarm bells ringing.How can we change the present situation？The London project can serve as an example to be followed.As to the phenomenon that a large quantity of books have been damaged or ignored, I suppose it takes time for commuters to develop civilized behavior.Far from satisfactory as it is now, it will surely improve.
Francis Bacon once said，reading makes a full man.Therefore, we should read as many books as possible.Meanwhile, creating a beneficial reading atmosphere is essential to building a lifelong learning society.The government as well as individuals is supposed to make more efforts.
B
请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
As a man was passing the elephants, he suddenly stopped, confused by the fact that these huge creatures were being held by only a small rope tied to their front leg.No chains, and no cages either.It was obvious that the elephants could, at any time, break away from their bonds but for some reason, they did not.
He saw a trainer nearby and asked why these animals just stood there and made no attempt to get away.“Well，” the trainer said，“when they are very young and much smaller we use the rope of the same size to tie them and, at that age, it’s enough to hold them.As they grow up, they are conditioned to believe they cannot break away.”
The man was amazed.These animals can break free from their bonds at any time, but because they believe they can’t, they are stuck right where they are.
【写作内容】
1．用约30个词概括上述信息的主要内容；
2．用约120个词谈谈你的看法，内容包括：
(1)这个故事有什么寓意？
(2)你如何解决这样的问题？
【写作要求】
1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3．不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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One possible version：
This story is about the elephants and the rope.These elephants made no attempt to break free from a small rope simply because they failed to make it when young.
The message conveyed in this story is crystal clear：Don’t let the fear of failure hold you back from pursuing your dream.It’s easy to give up, but you will remain stuck where you were.It’s difficult to persist, but you will always have something in return in the end.
Therefore, faced with failures or frustrations in our lives, we shouldn’t act like these elephants, limiting ourselves to a confronted world simply because we failed ago.Actually, “failures” can be regarded as stepping stones along our path.If we respond in positive ways and focus on what we choose to achieve, success is around the corner.In a word，our attempt may fail, but never fail to make another attempt.
C
(2019·江苏高考名校联考信息优化卷)请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
China has allowed all couples to have two children, abandoning its decades­long one­child policy.The change of policy is intended to balance population development and address the challenge of an aging population.
With reference to the new policy, some single­child parents can’t wait to welcome new babies.However, many factors considered, some feel a dilemma associated with their decision to have one more child.For one thing, it seems beneficial as there are no other children in the family for the only child to associate with, and this may lead to the child feeling lonely at times, especially during vacations.
For another, a common argument against having just one child is that an only child may be more spoiled than one with brothers or sisters.Many people believe that a single child won’t have to learn to negotiate with others, and respect the give­and­take involved in many relationships.Some think this may leave the child less able to interact well with people of his or her own age than one who has been raised with brothers or sisters.
However, the pressure of giving time and energy to a second child can seem too great, particularly for those with busy careers, resulting in them selecting to have no more children.For some other parents, the financial burden of having a second child may be the prime consideration.
【写作内容】
1．用约30个词概括上述信息的主要内容；
2．用约120个词就“一个家庭是否应该有两个孩子”这一主题发表你的看法，内容包括以下要点：
(1)你是否赞成二孩政策，并用2－3个理由或论据支撑你的看法；
(2)谈谈你自己作为独生子女或有兄弟姐妹的体会。
【写作要求】
1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3．不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
参考词汇：兄弟，姐妹　sibling
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One possible version：
China has issued the two­child policy aiming to solve the social problems of an aging population and labor shortages due to the current low birth rate. People’s responses vary, anyway.
Personally, I’m in favor of the policy. In the long term, an increase in the number of children can have a positive impact on the consumption of products and services catering for child rearing, thus leading to growth and employment demand in industries. Moreover, having siblings protects adolescents against negative feelings such as loneliness, fear and self­consciousness. Provided that a child has siblings, he can learn to share.
As the only child in my family, I often feel lonely. With nobody to communicate with, I become introverted and dare not speak in public. However, with siblings, children can be independent and selfless. Furthermore, children are less likely to be spoiled.
In conclusion, the two­child policy will benefit us a lot.
D
请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Taking babies on their flights can be incredibly discouraging for parents.They’re often faced with the passengers who may get annoyed.Stares, sighs, complaints and shakes of the head are just a few things that keep parents from looking their fellow passengers in the eye.Therefore, some parents try to make it easier for their fellow passengers by handing out goodie bags as a beforehand apology—usually filled with some candy and a set of ear plugs.
Going with the bag is a note like this：
Hi stranger!
My name is Andaqi.I will be 4 months on January 15th and this is my first flight.
I’ll try to be on my best behavior, but I’d like to apologize in advance if I lose my cool, get scared or my ears hurt.I’m also at the beginning stages of teething so I don’t always feel good.I know I’m just a baby but I want you to enjoy this flight as well.
My mom, Niqelle, packed you this goodie bag with a few treats.
There are also ear plugs in case my first public serenade isn’t as enjoyable to you as it is to my mom.
Have a great flight and thanks for understanding!
Andaqi & Niqelle　　This immediately went viral online.Some think it’s a nice gesture and they’re just trying to be nice—a good instinct in these tense times.However，others think differently as babies should not need to apologize for being babies.
【写作内容】
1．用约30个词概括上述信息的主要内容；
2．用约120个词就上述话题发表你的看法，内容包括以下要点：
(1)你是否赞成这种行为；
(2)用2－3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
【写作要求】
1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3．不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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One possible version：
(Approval)
To apologize for their babies’ possible annoying noises, some mothers hand out goodie bags and notes in the name of babies to passengers around.This soon becomes a buzz topic.
Such an initiative and behavior, from my perspective, should be encouraged.To begin with, it’s polite to make an apology to those suffering from noise babies make even though sometimes we can’t avoid it.In addition，this nice gesture may ease tensions crying babies create and get understanding from people around.Most importantly, it’s an absolute adorable way to remind people to be patient with babies in a very sweet way.After all, in public places, everyone is responsible for the maintenance of a peaceful environment so as to leave people around in a better state of mind.
All in all, such a thoughtful and simple act of kindness can convey genuine feeling and I’ll give the mother a thumbs­up.
(Against)
To apologize for their babies’ possible annoying noises, some mothers hand out goodie bags and notes in the name of babies to passengers around.This soon becomes a buzz topic.
I don’t think it necessary.In the first place, as young parents, you should not be scared of other people’s ill looks because of your kids making noises, for kids will be kids.What’s more, I am grown­up enough not to be pacified with a goodie bag.Probably the best goodie bag for parents would be a kind word of encouragement.Last but not least, these goodie bags send the message that you should feel bad for having babies who act like babies, which has rubbed many parents the wrong way from the start.
To sum up, you don’t need to bend over backwards to please others and you don’t owe strangers candy for sitting next to your babies.
书面表达(三)[学生用书P161(单独成册)]
(建议用时：25分钟)
A
请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Thanksgiving is a way of life for my dad paralyzed(使瘫痪) after a fall last year. Dad, 61, says he’s just thankful to be alive. Dad fell from a ladder on November 5. He fell 15 feet, flat on his back, breaking his back bones. In that instant, he became paralyzed.
“The pain was horrible. But I reached over and felt something and thought I was alive，” said Dad, smiling. He came back home after nearly six weeks of treatment at the best hospital and was back part－time at a primary school where he was a science teacher. “I feel funny sitting just like you，” said Dad, causing laughs from the children as he talked from his wheelchair.
My dad has since adopted a new point of view of gratitude. “I’m so thankful. We could have planned a funeral，” said Dad.
【写作内容】
1．用约30个词概括上述信息的主要内容；
2．用约120个词谈谈你对“积极面对人生”的看法，并用2－3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
【写作要求】
1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3．不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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One possible version：
The author’s father got paralyzed in an accident. But he never lost heart. He lived a positive life with a grateful heart and even continued to work as a teacher.
I admire this kind of attitude. Life is made up of all kinds of challenges for everyone, some of which can be really hard. However, it is no use crying over spilt milk. How to defeat the difficult situations depends on our life attitude. It’s helpful to be grateful for what we still have. Besides, positively facing the challenges will help control our own fate.
As a student, I am also meeting many challenges in my study and life. I remember that saying “Attitude is everything.” And I put these words into action. When I am in trouble, I will ask myself “Can you do it？” Of course the answer is “Yes, I can.” Only in this way can I get enough strength to go ahead.
B
请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Recently, there is a heated topic whether parents should leave all of their money to children and let them live a carefree(无忧无虑的) life without the necessity of earning money to support themselves.
Li Hua is the faithful supporter of the belief that parents needn’t do that. He thinks that Bill Gates has set a good example for other parents. Bill Gates has promised to give all of his $58 billion fortune to the charity he has set up with his wife. The couple just want to make a positive contribution to the world.
However, Tang Meilin, the only child of her parents, thinks little of those who choose to donate almost all of their possessions to the charity. She thinks that it is parents’ responsibility to help their children get rid of their problems and leave their fortune to their children.
【写作内容】
1．用约30个词概括上述信息的主要内容；
2．用约120个词谈谈你对“父母是否该为孩子留财产”的看法，并用2－3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
【写作要求】
1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3．不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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One possible version：
In our daily life, some parents choose to donate most of their fortune to the charity while others choose to leave their money to their children. And different people have different opinions about this phenomenon.
I am in favor of those who donate their money to the charity. A child without the ability to support himself will eventually use up all the money left to him some day and achieve nothing. Parents, especially those with a large fortune, should teach their children to abandon the concept of depending on their parents for living.
As far as I’m concerned, it is of great importance to develop children’s quality of independence. Parents shouldn’t give their children an impression that they can obtain everything without their own efforts. Instead, parents sometimes need to place obstacles to make them learn to deal with difficult situations independently. Only by learning to deal with various challenges by themselves on the life journey can children become mature individuals.
C
请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
If you are a big fan of traditional Chinese culture, new textbooks will satisfy your appetite.
A set of textbooks designed to help high school students learn more about traditional Chinese culture will reach students’ hands.
The set contains four classics. Confucian Analects (《论语》) and Mencius (《孟子》) are for Senior 1 students, while Great Learning (《大学》) and Dao De Jing will be used by Senior 2 students.
Students will study the full text of Dao De Jing, a Taoist classic written by the philosopher Laozi during the Spring and Autumn period, and explore the themes of other classics.
The new textbooks are part of the measures that the government is taking to promote traditional Chinese culture. Last April, the Ministry of Education released guidelines saying that primary and middle school textbooks need to include more information about traditional culture.
【写作内容】
1．用约30个词概括上述信息的主要内容；
2．用约120个词发表你的观点，内容包括：
(1)你如何看待将这四部经典作品编入中学教材？用2－3个理由支撑你的观点；
(2)就如何学好这四部经典作品提出建议。
【写作要求】
1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3．不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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One possible version：
Four classics, Confucian Analects, Mencius, Great Learning and Dao De Jing, will be included in high school textbooks. The measure is meant to help students learn more about traditional Chinese culture.
I think it quite necessary to offer the four classics in high schools. It’s well－known that these classics interpret the values and morals of ancient China, and tell us how to behave well, how to look at the world in a correct way and how to live in harmony with humans and nature. They are precious cultural heritage.
Today, many youngsters, however, ignore the nation’s traditional culture and seem to be losing their soul. The saddest thing for a country is the loss of its cultural identity. There is no doubt that this measure will make a great difference in promoting the traditional Chinese culture and rebuilding values.
While studying these classics, not only should we explore their themes deeply, but we should grasp their spirit as well. Above all, we need to bring the teachings of the ancient philosophers into action.
D
请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Recently, a survey has been carried out in a school focusing on which subject plays the most important role in the career and which teacher is the most popular in the class. Different students have held different opinions. For example, a student, whose name is Li Hua, says, “I like Chinese better than any other subject. I think Chinese is a subject that lays a foundation for further understanding of other subjects. My Chinese teacher always gives us careful and interesting explanation of the texts we learn. He is the most humorous and impressive teacher in my school life. Thanks to him, I have been showing greater interest in Chinese. It’s the survey that helps me understand my favorite subject best.”
However, some people think that some students may give unfair judgements. Therefore, there is no need to carry out the survey, which may play a negative role because it may discourage teachers from criticizing students even when it’s necessary. Besides, it’s inappropriate to judge which subject is more important than others.
【写作内容】
1．用约30个词概括上述信息的主要内容；
2．用约120个词谈谈你对“教学调查是否有必要”的看法，并用2－3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。
【写作要求】
1．写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3．不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
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One possible version：
Recently, a survey on their favorite subject and the most popular teacher has been conducted among students in a school. The reaction to the survey varies from student to student and some people even doubt its necessity.
As a matter of fact, the survey has played an important role. Through the survey, not only can the school come to find the problems to be solved, but also the students can appreciate what their teachers have done for them. What’s more, it’s an opportunity for the teachers to get to know students’ comments on their teaching style and what needs to be improved in the future. Therefore, the survey is beneficial to both teachers and students.
Without any doubt, more surveys should be carried out with the purpose of helping the students find their own problems and providing them with a good chance to voice their opinions. But the survey should be designed scientifically.