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2020江苏高考英语二轮讲义：专题一第二讲 介词和代词
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第二讲 介词和代词[学生用书P6]
对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法上，最常见的是介词短语的考查及介词的固定搭配。代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的词类，在单项填空中近几年未考查，但对其分类及用法应了解并能有所掌握。
[学生用书P6]
介词的用法
1．(2018·北京卷)—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment ________next Wednesday afternoon.
A．for B．on
C．in D．at
A 解析：考查介词。——早上好，李先生的办公室。——早上好。我想预约下星期三下午。根据语境可知，此处用介词for表示“安排或预约于(某时间)”。
2．(重庆卷)Last year was the warmest year on record，with global temperature 0.68℃ ________ the average.
A．below B．on
C．at D．above
D 解析：考查固定搭配与介词用法辨析。句意：去年是有史以来最暖和的一年，全球温度比平均值高出0.68摄氏度。根据逗号前面的the warmest year可知，去年的温度应该是在平均值之上的，因此选择D项，above the average在平均值之上；below the average在平均值之下；on the average平均而言，一般说来；没有at the average这样的搭配。
常考介词归纳
1．at, in, on表示时间
(1)at表示某一时刻
at 8：00(在8点)，at noon(在中午), at night(在夜里), at midnight(在半夜), at dawn/daybreak(在黎明，破晓), at sunrise/sunset(在日出/日落), at dusk(在黄昏)
(2)in指上午、下午及晚上或月、年等较长的时间
in the 1980’s/1980s, in the Qing Dynasty, in October, in the morning/afternoon/evening
(3)on用于表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间(如：某日、某节日、星期几等)
on October 1st, on a rainy day, on National Day，on the morning of July 3rd
2．by, before, after, until/till, during, within表示时间
(1)by指“到……时(为止)”
(2)before“在……以前”
(3)after“在……以后”
(4)until/till指“直到……为止”
(5)during“在……期间”
(6)within“在……之内”
He often falls asleep during the class, which makes his teacher very angry.
他常常上课睡觉，这使他的老师很生气。
3．between, among表示“在……之间”
between指“在……之间(两者之间)”，常和and连用；among表示“在……之间(三者或三者以上)”。
Keep the close relationship between teachers and students.
保持亲密的师生关系。
4．by, in, on, with表示“使用……工具、手段、方式等”
(1)表示“乘、坐(交通工具)”或“通过……方式”用by时，交通工具前不用限定词，用in或on时，交通工具前用限定词，如by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship, in a car, in a bus, on one’s bike, on foot。
(2)in当“用”讲时，后常接表示语言、材料等的词。
Her parents always talk to her in German.
她的父母总是用德语和她交谈。
(3)with表示使用某种具体的工具、手段等。
We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs. 我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听，用腿走路。
5．with的常见用法
(表示关系)和……一起；(表示状态)具有，带有；(表示方式)用……，凭借……；(表示原因)由于，因为。
Would you like to go to the theatre with us?
你愿意和我们一起去看戏吗？
The small child trembled with fear. 那个小孩吓得打哆嗦。
6．for的用法
“(表示对象、用途等)为了；给，对；(表示去向)因为，由于；向，往；就……而言”。
The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.
我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。
7．beyond的用法
(表示位置)在……另一边，在……更远处；(表示程度)超出，非……所能及。
Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.
听了她感人的故事，大家都被感动得无以言表。
1．(陕西卷)The little pupil took his grandma ________ the arm and walked her across the street.
A．on B．by
C．in D．at
B 解析：考查固定搭配。句意：那个小学生搀着他奶奶的胳膊，送她过了街道。“take sb.by＋the＋身体部位”为固定搭配，意为“抓住/触及某人的……”，故选B项。
2．(福建卷)A common memory they all have ________ their school days is the school uniform.
A．of B．on
C．to D．with
A 解析：考查固定搭配中的介词辨析。句意：他们都拥有的有关学校时光的共同记忆是校服。“对……的记忆”应用have a memory of表达。故答案为A项。
介词短语和介词的固定搭配
1．(2019·江苏卷)Favorable policies are ________ to encourage employees’ professional development.
A．in effect B．in command
C．in turn D．in shape
A 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：有利的政策正在有效地鼓励员工的职业发展。in effect“有效”。
2．(2019·天津卷)________ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.
A．According to B．Instead of
C．In addition to D．In spite of
D 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：尽管存在各种问题，但是其中的一些选手还是表现出色。A项意为“根据”；B项意为“代替”；C项意为“除……以外”；D项意为“尽管”。结合句意可知，应选D。
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
1．at＋名词
at sea茫然，在大海上；at will任意地；at work在上班；at lunch在吃午饭；at table在吃饭；at peace处于和平状态
2．by＋名词
by accident偶然地；by chance碰巧；by mistake错误地；by the way顺便说
3．beyond＋名词
beyond description难以形容；beyond words无法用语言形容；beyond doubt无疑；beyond one’s reach够不着
4．in＋名词
in advance在前头，事先，预先；in case如果，万一；in charge主管，看管；in common共有，共同；in demand很需要；in order按顺序，井然有序，情况良好；in progress进行中；in return作为回报；in turn依次，转而；in vain徒劳；in shape健康状况良好
5．on＋名词
on purpose故意地；on leave在休假；on holiday在度假；on sale出售；on time准时；on the air正在广播
6．under＋名词
under construction在建设中；under consideration在考虑中；under repair在修理中
7．out of＋名词
out of breath上气不接下气；out of balance失去平衡；out of date过时；out of patience不耐烦；out of control失去控制；out of touch失去联系
8．in＋名词＋of
in case of如果；in fear of担心，害怕；in honour of为纪念……，对……表示敬意；in memory of为纪念……；in place of代替；in search of寻找，寻求；in sight of在看得见……的地方；in support of支持，支援；in face of面对；in exchange of 与……交换；in terms of就……而言，依据；in view of鉴于，根据
9．其他常考介词短语
for the sake of为了；on behalf of 代表；apart from除了；in addition to除了；on the basis of 以……为基础；regardless of不管；with regard to至于，关于
(福建卷)Our club is open to everyone regardless of age，sex or educational background.
我们的俱乐部对任何人开放，不管年龄、性别或教育背景。
I am always delighted when I receive an email from you.With regard to the party on July 1st，I shall be pleased to attend.
当我收到你的email时，我总是很高兴。至于7月1日的聚会，我将很乐意参加。
1．(2018·江苏卷)China’s soft power grows ________ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.
A．in line with B．in reply to
C．in return for D．in honour of
A 解析：考查介词短语。句意：我国的软实力的增长与我国在全球各地不断受到的欣赏和理解是紧密相连的。in line with“与……紧密相连”符合句意。in reply to“答复……”；in return for“作为对……的回报”；in honour of“为了纪念……，为向……表示敬意”。
2．(2018·天津卷)Bob thought he couldn’t go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ________．
A．at first B．after all
C．above all D．at random
B 解析：考查介词短语。句意：鲍勃觉得自己不能参加这个派对，因为他要写一份报告，但是最终他还是去了。根据句意，这里用after all表示“终究”。at first“起初”；above all“最重要的是”；at random“随便地”。
人称代词、物主代词、指示代词和反身代词
1．(2017·浙江卷6月)“She thought I had hurt myself，”says Pahlsson.
2．(浙江卷)Half of those surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.
1．在没有谓语动词的句子中，人称代词常用宾格。
—Glad to meet you.
——很高兴见到你。
—Me，too.
——我也是。
—I’d like to go to climb the mountain this weekend.
——这个周末我想去爬山。
—Me，too.
——我也想去。
2．形容词性物主代词通常在句中作定语。名词性物主代词通常在句中起名词作用，可以作主语、宾语和表语。名词性物主代词相当于名词，不能用于名词之前。
We took our fishing pole and headed for the lake.
我们带上鱼竿朝湖走去。
This camera is mine and that is yours.
这部相机是我的，那个是你的。
3．反身代词的用法：
(1)反身代词可以在be，feel，look，seem 等系动词后作表语，表示身体或精神状态。
She is not quite herself today.
她今天身体不太舒服。
(2)含有反身代词的习惯用语：
①介词＋反身代词：by oneself单独地，独自地；for oneself亲自，为自己
②动词＋反身代词：devote oneself to 致力于；apply oneself to 专心致志于；enjoy oneself 过得愉快；help oneself to 随便吃；随便用；make yourself at home 不拘束；seat oneself 坐下；behave oneself 举止得体； come to oneself恢复知觉；苏醒过来；adapt/adjust oneself to适应于；abandon oneself to沉迷于，放纵于；express oneself 表达某人的思想；lose oneself in(＝be lost in迷失)；say to oneself心里想；talk to oneself自言自语
4．指示代词常见用法有：指上文提到的事，一般用that或those；指下文或将要提到的事物，常用this或these。此外，this在电话用语中作自我介绍，that则为询问对方；this和that还用作副词，相当于so。
Those are the facts；what do you conclude from them?
那些都是事实，你能从中得出什么结论？
They are happy to learn in their own language，and that makes them eager to know more. 他们很高兴能用自己的语言学习，这就激发了他们的求知欲。
习惯搭配有：
that is to say＝that is... 也就是说……
That’s it! 正是如此！对了！
That’s enough. 那就够了。
That’s that. 就这么决定了。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．—Mike，you don’t seem to be quite yourself today.
—Well，I hardly slept last night.I was preparing for a report.
2．All of us have read thrilling stories.In many of them the hero had only a limited and specified time to live.
it的用法
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using it every day.
2．(2019·沈阳检测一)It was time for dinner and it was pretty dangerous that the sandstorm was going on and getting stronger.
1．指代时间、天气和距离。
It is rainy in summer in China.
中国夏季雨水多。
2．代替前文提到过的事物。
The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.
史密斯一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。
3．it用作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。
No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
不管在哪里，他养成了早餐前散步的习惯。
4．常用于固定搭配中。
make it 成功；hate/like/enjoy it that...讨厌/喜欢……；I can’t help it我没有办法；if I can help it 如果我有办法；when it comes to...当涉及……时；rely on/depend on/count on it that...相信……；I would appreciate it if...如果……，我将不胜感激。
I would appreciate it if you take my suggestion into consideration. 如果你考虑我的建议我将不胜感激。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．He admitted that when it comes to repairing a computer，he had little knowledge of it.
2．It is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socio－economic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system.
it，one(s)，that，those的用法区别
1．(2019·天津卷)A study shows the students who are engaged in afterschool activities are happier than ________ who are not.
A．ones B．those
C．these D．them
B 解析：考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课后活动的学生比不参加课后活动的学生更快乐。本句中为了避免重复，需用those代替the students。故选B。
2．(天津卷)The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
one
代替“a/an＋单数可数名词”
ones
代替“零冠词＋复数名词”
the one
代替“the＋单数可数名词”，有时可用that代替(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)
the ones
代替“the＋复数名词”，有时可用those代替(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)
that
代替“the＋单数可数名词/不可数名词”
those
代替“the＋复数名词”
it
代替上文提到的同名同物，即同一个
To her joy，Della earned first the trust of her students and then that of her colleagues.
令戴拉高兴的是，她首先赢得了她的学生的信任，然后又赢得了同事的信任。
We’ve been looking for a cheap house but haven’t found one yet.
我们一直在找一个便宜的房子但是还没有找到。
I like this house with a beautiful garden in front，but I don’t have enough money to buy it.
我喜欢这座前面有漂亮花园的房子，但是没有足够的钱来买它。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．However，quite a few others，especially those in the countryside，would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”．
2．To my father, there’s no greater happiness than that of succeeding in his career.
不定代词all，both，either，any，none，neither的用法区别
1．(四川卷)She’d lived in London and Manchester，but she liked neither and moved to Cambridge.
2．(江西卷)—When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon?
—Either．I’ll be in all day.
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
都
任何一个
都不
部分否定
两者
both
either
neither＝
not either
both和
not连用
三者或
三者以上
all
any
none＝
not any
all和
not连用
As the two dictionaries are useful，I’ll take both and either of them is very important to me. 由于这两本词典都有用，我会把它们都带走，每一本对我来说都非常重要。
All that’s important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction.
重要的是你尽力朝正确的方向前进。
—Would you like tea or coffee?
——你想要茶还是咖啡？
—Neither，thank you.I’ve just had some water.
——都不要，谢谢。我刚喝过一些水。
My brother would like to buy a good watch but none was available from that shop.
我哥哥想买一块好表，但是在那家店里没有一块合适的。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．And the hutong today is fading into the shade for both tourists and local people.
2．Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders.
不定代词other，the other，others，the others，another的用法区别
1．(福建卷)In some countries，people eat with chopsticks, while in others，knives and forks.
2．(陕西卷)To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the_other.
other
表示“另一个；另一些”，用作泛指，只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用，但如果前有any，every等时，则可与单数名词连用，如any other plant，every other day
续 表
the other
表示“两者中的另一个”。常用结构：one...the other...指“一个……另一个……”
another
表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另一个”，指代或修饰单数可数名词。另外，another后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词”表示“另外的……(多少)”
others
泛指别的人或物，可作主语、宾语或表语。常用结构：some...others...
the others
特指其余的人或物，可作主语、宾语或表语。常用结构：some...the others...
I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldn’t face another day like that.
昨天一整天我都感觉很糟糕，所以今天早晨我决定不能像那样面对另一天了。
I’ll spend half of my holiday practising English and the other half learning drawing. 我准备把我假日时间的一半用来练习英语，另一半时间学习绘画。
Some are singing and dancing，some are drawing，and others are climbing the hill.
一些人在唱歌跳舞，一些人在画画，还有一些人在爬山。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．Lily was the only person who noticed me coming into the classroom，the_others all absorbed in reading.
2．As far as I am concerned, cycling is a good solution. For one thing, bicycles don’t need any petrol and they are energy－saving. For another,_bicycles are environmentally friendly because they won’t give off waste gas.
不定代词none，nothing，nobody(no one)的用法区别
1．(四川卷)Niki is always full of ideas，but none is useful to my knowledge.
2．(重庆卷)The meeting will be held in September，but nobody knows the date for sure.
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
none
既可指人，也可指物，侧重数量，通常指三者或三者以上的人或物，后可接of短语，作主语时谓语动词可以用单数，也可用复数，常用于回答由how much/many提问的疑问句
nothing
只用于指物，且表示泛指概念，常用于回答由what引导的疑问句
nobody
(no one)
只用于指人，且表示泛指概念，常用于回答由who引导的疑问句，且不可与of短语连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数
Sophia waited for a reply，but none came.
索菲亚等待答复，但一个都没有。
—How many students in your class went to the lecture?
——你们班有多少学生去听报告？
—None.
——一个也没有。
—Who did you see enter the lonely house?
——你看见谁进了那间僻静的房间？
—Nobody.
——没看见一个人。
—How much money do you have?
——你有多少钱？
—Nothing.
——一点也没有。
全部否定和部分否定：no one，none，nobody，nothing，not...any以及“no＋名词”都表示全部否定；all，both，everyone/everybody/everything以及“every＋名词”都表示全部肯定；当not出现在含有全部肯定意义的不定代词的句子中，不管not在它们之前还是在它们之后，都表示部分否定。
Both of them haven’t read this story.
并非他俩都读过这个故事。
Not all of them smoke.＝All of them don’t smoke.
他们当中不是所有人都吸烟。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．This project requires close teamwork.Nothing will be achieved unless we work well together.
2．Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.
[学生用书P10]
单项填空
1．Nearly 730 million trips were made by Chinese travelers within China over the National Day holiday, ________ cheaper tickets and higherquality travel services.
A．regardless of B．thanks to
C．but for D．as to
B 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于较低的票价和更优质的旅行服务，国庆节期间中国游客国内游人数达到了近7.3亿人次。thanks to“因为，由于”，符合语境。regardless of“不管，不顾”；but for“要不是，倘若没有”；as to“关于，至于”。
2．(湖北卷)This meeting room is a nonsmoking area.I would like to warn you ________ that if you smoked here you would be fined.
A．in advance B．in detail
C．in total D．in general
A 解析：考查“in＋名词”型短语意义辨析。句意：这个会议室是“无烟区”。我想________提醒你，如果你在这里吸烟，你就会被罚款。根据题干中that引导的宾语从句可知，说话者是在“提前”告诉对方这一事实，所以选择in advance。in detail详细地；in total总共；in general一般来说。
3．(浙江卷)People won’t pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying ________ expression.
A．from B．over
C．with D．for
D 解析：考查介词。句意：当人们仍有许多自己的观点迫切需要表达时，他们是不会理会你的。由语境可知，此处要用介词for表示目的。其他三项均无此用法。
4．(福建卷)Human life is regarded as part of nature and，as such，the only way for us to survive is to live________nature.
A．in view of B．in need of
C．in touch with D．in harmony with
D 解析：考查“in＋名词＋介词”型短语意义辨析。句意：人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，同样，我们存活下去的唯一的方法是和自然________。in view of鉴于，考虑到，由于；in need of需要；in touch with与……保持联络；in harmony with与……协调，与……一致，与……和谐。根据题干中的Human life is regarded as part of nature可知，人与自然应该和谐相处，故选D项。
5．(2019·江苏名校高三摸底)World Food Day is celebrated every year around the world on Oct. 16, ________ the date of the founding of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 1945.
A．in defense of B．in search of
C．in favor of D．in honor of
D 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：联合国粮食及农业组织于1945年10月16日成立，为纪念这一天，世界各地的人们把每年的这一天作为“世界粮食日”来庆祝。in honor of“纪念”，符合语境。in defense of“保卫，保护”；in search of“搜寻，寻找”；in favor of“支持”。
用适当的代词填空
1．From the relics, tourists can see the outline of the ancient metropolitan(大都会的) areas along the fantastic road. In the tour packages, tourists can imagine themselves to be ancient merchants by riding camels in deserts.
2．Now it occurred to him that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
3．At that moment an attractive young lady who noticed my book came up to me and introduced herself．
4．It is also fun to eat in restaurants there.
5．Dating sites also make it easy to avoid someone who you are not interested in.
[学生用书P117(单独成册)]
(建议用时：20分钟)
单项填空
1．________ meeting the need of highspeed Internet access, 5G network can also support 4K Ultra HD video calling and other services.
A．On account of B．On top of
C．In terms of D．In favor of
B 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：5G网络除了能满足高速互联网接入的需求外，还可以支持4K超高清视频通话和其他服务。on top of“除……之外”，符合语境。on account of“由于，因为”；in terms of“就……而言”；in favor of“支持”。
2．(2019·南京、盐城高三一模)________ clear goals, we become strangely loyal to performing daily doings until we become slaves of them.
A．On top of B．In the silence of
C．On account of D．In the absence of
D 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：没有清晰的目标，我们就会莫名其妙地忠于做每天所做的事，直到最终成为它们的奴隶。in the absence of...“缺乏……”，符合语境。on top of...“在……上方，除……之外”；in the silence of...“在……的寂静中”；on account of...“由于……，因为……”。
3．“We’ve never sold anyone’s data，” Zuckerberg said ________ British lawmaker Damian Collins, who released some emails between Zuckerberg’s company and other tech companies.
A．in response to B．in contrast to
C．in proportion to D．in addition to
A 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：Zuckerberg以“我们从未售卖任何人的数据”作为对公布了他的公司与其他技术公司的一些邮件的英国立法官员Damian Collins的答复。in response to“作为对……的答复”，符合语境。in contrast to“和……形成对照”； in proportion to“和……成比例”；in addition to“除……以外(还)”。
4．The disaster relief funds are already________so that people in the earthquakestricken area can carry out reconstruction work without delay.
A．in place B．in demand
C．in order D．in vain
A 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：减灾资金已经准备好以便地震灾区的人们能毫不拖延地进行重建工作。A.in place合适，准备好；B.in demand 需要；C.in order有序；D.in vain徒劳。故选A。
5．The pollution in Beijing is expected to improve，________a series of air pollution control measures.
A．regardless of B．but for
C．thanks to D．such as
C 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：幸亏一系列的空气污染控制措施，北京的污染有望改善。A.regardless of不管；B.but for要不是；C.thanks to幸亏；D.such as例如。故选C。
6．Nick，it’s good for you to read some books ________ China before you start your trip there.
A．in B．for
C．of D．on
D 解析：考查介词辨析。on 表示关于，some books on China意为“关于中国的一些书”。句意：Nick，你在去中国旅行之前最好读一些关于中国的书。
7．Scientists have found that some couples are so ________ that their brains begin to work in the same way.
A．in tune B．in shape
C．in demand D．in style
A 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：科学家发现，一些夫妻都是如此有默契以至于他们的思维方式都开始变得一样了。in tune“协调，一致”；in shape“健康状态良好”；in demand“需求大”；in style“有气派，有风度”。
8．He still helped us heartily ________ being exhausted after working three hours.
A．in response to B．in case of
C．in spite of D．in addition to
C 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：尽管工作三个小时后已经筋疲力尽了，他仍然热心地帮助我们。in spite of“尽管”，符合语境。in response to“作为对……的回应”；in case of“以防，万一”；in addition to“除……之外”。
9．As you know, anger doesn’t help in 99% of situations; ________， it usually makes things worse.
A．in response B．in contrast
C．in conclusion D．in return
B 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：正如你所知道的那样，99% 的情况下愤怒是没有用的。相反，它通常让事情变得更糟。in response“作为回应”；in contrast“相反”；in conclusion“总之”；in return“作为回报”。
10．All the students kept silence throughout the class________ the teacher’s switch from the PE lesson to a maths lesson that day.
A．in terms of B．in response to
C．in return for D．in spite of
B 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：作为对老师把体育课换成数学课的回应，那天所有学生整节课都保持沉默。in terms of “就……而言”；in response to“作为对……的回应，答复”；in return for“作为回报”；in spite of “尽管”。
11．One well of the oil field was still burning with huge fire twisting crazily________the night sky.
A．in B．on
C．against D．across
C 解析：考查介词辨析。句意：石油区的一个井仍在燃烧，在夜空的映衬下火苗疯狂扭曲。against the night sky在夜空的映衬下，故选C。
12．________the cold，thin air and low oxygen levels also can cause mountain sickness.
A．On behalf of B．In terms of
C．Apart from D．Except for
C 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：且不说寒冷，稀薄的空气和含氧量低也能引起高山反应。on behalf of代表；in terms of依……来讲；apart from且不说……(实际上是包括的)；except for要不是，除……之外(从整体中排除)。而the cold也是会cause mountain sickness的，所以不能排除，只能用“且不说”apart from，用besides也可以，是一个递进关系，表示“除……之外”。故选C。
13．There is no doubt that those who want to buy a house are ________ the proposal that the government should bring down the housing price.
A．in favor of B．in honor of
C．in search of D．in need of
A 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：毫无疑问，那些想买房的人都赞成政府应该降低房价的提议。根据语境可知，in favor of“赞成”符合语境。in honor of意为“为纪念……”；in search of意为“寻找”；in need of意为“需要”。
14．(2019·南京四校联考)Please fetch the bunch of purple flowers and put it here，for purple flowers look more beautiful ________a light yellow wall.
A．at B．in
C．under D．against
D 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：去拿一束紫色的花来放到这里，因为以淡黄色的墙为背景，紫色的花看上去更漂亮。against以……为背景。故选D。
15．As is often the case, some mothers are timid in their everyday life, but will fight like a tiger ________ their children.
A．in favor of B．in defence of
C．in charge of D．in support of
B 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：一些母亲在她们的日常生活中很胆小，但在保护她们的孩子时她们会像老虎一样搏斗，这是常有的事。in favor of“赞同，喜欢”；in defence of“保护”；in charge of“负责”；in support of“支持，赞同”。
用适当的代词填空
1．For one thing, they help to broaden our horizons. For another,_most books are sold at a lower price.
2．It was time for dinner and it was pretty dangerous that the sandstorm was going on and getting stronger.
3．“As soon as he opens his mouth and sings in Chinese, the Chinese are very surprised and they feel proud of him，” said his music teacher.
4．Every country has its own banknotes, so it is hard to say which is the most beautiful one.
5．Obesity researchers hate it when I say this, but their own data shows that obesity is not going to kill us.
6．At that moment an attractive young lady who noticed my book came up to me and introduced herself．
7．Rather than being the byproduct of a happy life, feeling happy has become a goal in itself．
8．I’m sure, as my life continues here in Beijing, I will be swept in the convenient life that China’s rapid development is bringing about in the future.
第二讲 介词和代词[学生用书P6]
对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法上，最常见的是介词短语的考查及介词的固定搭配。代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的词类，在单项填空中近几年未考查，但对其分类及用法应了解并能有所掌握。
[学生用书P6]
介词的用法
1．(2018·北京卷)—Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.
—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment ________next Wednesday afternoon.
A．for B．on
C．in D．at
A 解析：考查介词。——早上好，李先生的办公室。——早上好。我想预约下星期三下午。根据语境可知，此处用介词for表示“安排或预约于(某时间)”。
2．(重庆卷)Last year was the warmest year on record，with global temperature 0.68℃ ________ the average.
A．below B．on
C．at D．above
D 解析：考查固定搭配与介词用法辨析。句意：去年是有史以来最暖和的一年，全球温度比平均值高出0.68摄氏度。根据逗号前面的the warmest year可知，去年的温度应该是在平均值之上的，因此选择D项，above the average在平均值之上；below the average在平均值之下；on the average平均而言，一般说来；没有at the average这样的搭配。
常考介词归纳
1．at, in, on表示时间
(1)at表示某一时刻
at 8：00(在8点)，at noon(在中午), at night(在夜里), at midnight(在半夜), at dawn/daybreak(在黎明，破晓), at sunrise/sunset(在日出/日落), at dusk(在黄昏)
(2)in指上午、下午及晚上或月、年等较长的时间
in the 1980’s/1980s, in the Qing Dynasty, in October, in the morning/afternoon/evening
(3)on用于表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间(如：某日、某节日、星期几等)
on October 1st, on a rainy day, on National Day，on the morning of July 3rd
2．by, before, after, until/till, during, within表示时间
(1)by指“到……时(为止)”
(2)before“在……以前”
(3)after“在……以后”
(4)until/till指“直到……为止”
(5)during“在……期间”
(6)within“在……之内”
He often falls asleep during the class, which makes his teacher very angry.
他常常上课睡觉，这使他的老师很生气。
3．between, among表示“在……之间”
between指“在……之间(两者之间)”，常和and连用；among表示“在……之间(三者或三者以上)”。
Keep the close relationship between teachers and students.
保持亲密的师生关系。
4．by, in, on, with表示“使用……工具、手段、方式等”
(1)表示“乘、坐(交通工具)”或“通过……方式”用by时，交通工具前不用限定词，用in或on时，交通工具前用限定词，如by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship, in a car, in a bus, on one’s bike, on foot。
(2)in当“用”讲时，后常接表示语言、材料等的词。
Her parents always talk to her in German.
她的父母总是用德语和她交谈。
(3)with表示使用某种具体的工具、手段等。
We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs. 我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听，用腿走路。
5．with的常见用法
(表示关系)和……一起；(表示状态)具有，带有；(表示方式)用……，凭借……；(表示原因)由于，因为。
Would you like to go to the theatre with us?
你愿意和我们一起去看戏吗？
The small child trembled with fear. 那个小孩吓得打哆嗦。
6．for的用法
“(表示对象、用途等)为了；给，对；(表示去向)因为，由于；向，往；就……而言”。
The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.
我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。
7．beyond的用法
(表示位置)在……另一边，在……更远处；(表示程度)超出，非……所能及。
Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.
听了她感人的故事，大家都被感动得无以言表。
1．(陕西卷)The little pupil took his grandma ________ the arm and walked her across the street.
A．on B．by
C．in D．at
B 解析：考查固定搭配。句意：那个小学生搀着他奶奶的胳膊，送她过了街道。“take sb.by＋the＋身体部位”为固定搭配，意为“抓住/触及某人的……”，故选B项。
2．(福建卷)A common memory they all have ________ their school days is the school uniform.
A．of B．on
C．to D．with
A 解析：考查固定搭配中的介词辨析。句意：他们都拥有的有关学校时光的共同记忆是校服。“对……的记忆”应用have a memory of表达。故答案为A项。
介词短语和介词的固定搭配
1．(2019·江苏卷)Favorable policies are ________ to encourage employees’ professional development.
A．in effect B．in command
C．in turn D．in shape
A 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：有利的政策正在有效地鼓励员工的职业发展。in effect“有效”。
2．(2019·天津卷)________ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.
A．According to B．Instead of
C．In addition to D．In spite of
D 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：尽管存在各种问题，但是其中的一些选手还是表现出色。A项意为“根据”；B项意为“代替”；C项意为“除……以外”；D项意为“尽管”。结合句意可知，应选D。
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
1．at＋名词
at sea茫然，在大海上；at will任意地；at work在上班；at lunch在吃午饭；at table在吃饭；at peace处于和平状态
2．by＋名词
by accident偶然地；by chance碰巧；by mistake错误地；by the way顺便说
3．beyond＋名词
beyond description难以形容；beyond words无法用语言形容；beyond doubt无疑；beyond one’s reach够不着
4．in＋名词
in advance在前头，事先，预先；in case如果，万一；in charge主管，看管；in common共有，共同；in demand很需要；in order按顺序，井然有序，情况良好；in progress进行中；in return作为回报；in turn依次，转而；in vain徒劳；in shape健康状况良好
5．on＋名词
on purpose故意地；on leave在休假；on holiday在度假；on sale出售；on time准时；on the air正在广播
6．under＋名词
under construction在建设中；under consideration在考虑中；under repair在修理中
7．out of＋名词
out of breath上气不接下气；out of balance失去平衡；out of date过时；out of patience不耐烦；out of control失去控制；out of touch失去联系
8．in＋名词＋of
in case of如果；in fear of担心，害怕；in honour of为纪念……，对……表示敬意；in memory of为纪念……；in place of代替；in search of寻找，寻求；in sight of在看得见……的地方；in support of支持，支援；in face of面对；in exchange of 与……交换；in terms of就……而言，依据；in view of鉴于，根据
9．其他常考介词短语
for the sake of为了；on behalf of 代表；apart from除了；in addition to除了；on the basis of 以……为基础；regardless of不管；with regard to至于，关于
(福建卷)Our club is open to everyone regardless of age，sex or educational background.
我们的俱乐部对任何人开放，不管年龄、性别或教育背景。
I am always delighted when I receive an email from you.With regard to the party on July 1st，I shall be pleased to attend.
当我收到你的email时，我总是很高兴。至于7月1日的聚会，我将很乐意参加。
1．(2018·江苏卷)China’s soft power grows ________ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.
A．in line with B．in reply to
C．in return for D．in honour of
A 解析：考查介词短语。句意：我国的软实力的增长与我国在全球各地不断受到的欣赏和理解是紧密相连的。in line with“与……紧密相连”符合句意。in reply to“答复……”；in return for“作为对……的回报”；in honour of“为了纪念……，为向……表示敬意”。
2．(2018·天津卷)Bob thought he couldn’t go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ________．
A．at first B．after all
C．above all D．at random
B 解析：考查介词短语。句意：鲍勃觉得自己不能参加这个派对，因为他要写一份报告，但是最终他还是去了。根据句意，这里用after all表示“终究”。at first“起初”；above all“最重要的是”；at random“随便地”。
人称代词、物主代词、指示代词和反身代词
1．(2017·浙江卷6月)“She thought I had hurt myself，”says Pahlsson.
2．(浙江卷)Half of those surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.
1．在没有谓语动词的句子中，人称代词常用宾格。
—Glad to meet you.
——很高兴见到你。
—Me，too.
——我也是。
—I’d like to go to climb the mountain this weekend.
——这个周末我想去爬山。
—Me，too.
——我也想去。
2．形容词性物主代词通常在句中作定语。名词性物主代词通常在句中起名词作用，可以作主语、宾语和表语。名词性物主代词相当于名词，不能用于名词之前。
We took our fishing pole and headed for the lake.
我们带上鱼竿朝湖走去。
This camera is mine and that is yours.
这部相机是我的，那个是你的。
3．反身代词的用法：
(1)反身代词可以在be，feel，look，seem 等系动词后作表语，表示身体或精神状态。
She is not quite herself today.
她今天身体不太舒服。
(2)含有反身代词的习惯用语：
①介词＋反身代词：by oneself单独地，独自地；for oneself亲自，为自己
②动词＋反身代词：devote oneself to 致力于；apply oneself to 专心致志于；enjoy oneself 过得愉快；help oneself to 随便吃；随便用；make yourself at home 不拘束；seat oneself 坐下；behave oneself 举止得体； come to oneself恢复知觉；苏醒过来；adapt/adjust oneself to适应于；abandon oneself to沉迷于，放纵于；express oneself 表达某人的思想；lose oneself in(＝be lost in迷失)；say to oneself心里想；talk to oneself自言自语
4．指示代词常见用法有：指上文提到的事，一般用that或those；指下文或将要提到的事物，常用this或these。此外，this在电话用语中作自我介绍，that则为询问对方；this和that还用作副词，相当于so。
Those are the facts；what do you conclude from them?
那些都是事实，你能从中得出什么结论？
They are happy to learn in their own language，and that makes them eager to know more. 他们很高兴能用自己的语言学习，这就激发了他们的求知欲。
习惯搭配有：
that is to say＝that is... 也就是说……
That’s it! 正是如此！对了！
That’s enough. 那就够了。
That’s that. 就这么决定了。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．—Mike，you don’t seem to be quite yourself today.
—Well，I hardly slept last night.I was preparing for a report.
2．All of us have read thrilling stories.In many of them the hero had only a limited and specified time to live.
it的用法
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using it every day.
2．(2019·沈阳检测一)It was time for dinner and it was pretty dangerous that the sandstorm was going on and getting stronger.
1．指代时间、天气和距离。
It is rainy in summer in China.
中国夏季雨水多。
2．代替前文提到过的事物。
The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.
史密斯一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。
3．it用作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。
No matter where he is, he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
不管在哪里，他养成了早餐前散步的习惯。
4．常用于固定搭配中。
make it 成功；hate/like/enjoy it that...讨厌/喜欢……；I can’t help it我没有办法；if I can help it 如果我有办法；when it comes to...当涉及……时；rely on/depend on/count on it that...相信……；I would appreciate it if...如果……，我将不胜感激。
I would appreciate it if you take my suggestion into consideration. 如果你考虑我的建议我将不胜感激。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．He admitted that when it comes to repairing a computer，he had little knowledge of it.
2．It is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socio－economic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system.
it，one(s)，that，those的用法区别
1．(2019·天津卷)A study shows the students who are engaged in afterschool activities are happier than ________ who are not.
A．ones B．those
C．these D．them
B 解析：考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课后活动的学生比不参加课后活动的学生更快乐。本句中为了避免重复，需用those代替the students。故选B。
2．(天津卷)The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
one
代替“a/an＋单数可数名词”
ones
代替“零冠词＋复数名词”
the one
代替“the＋单数可数名词”，有时可用that代替(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)
the ones
代替“the＋复数名词”，有时可用those代替(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)
that
代替“the＋单数可数名词/不可数名词”
those
代替“the＋复数名词”
it
代替上文提到的同名同物，即同一个
To her joy，Della earned first the trust of her students and then that of her colleagues.
令戴拉高兴的是，她首先赢得了她的学生的信任，然后又赢得了同事的信任。
We’ve been looking for a cheap house but haven’t found one yet.
我们一直在找一个便宜的房子但是还没有找到。
I like this house with a beautiful garden in front，but I don’t have enough money to buy it.
我喜欢这座前面有漂亮花园的房子，但是没有足够的钱来买它。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．However，quite a few others，especially those in the countryside，would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”．
2．To my father, there’s no greater happiness than that of succeeding in his career.
不定代词all，both，either，any，none，neither的用法区别
1．(四川卷)She’d lived in London and Manchester，but she liked neither and moved to Cambridge.
2．(江西卷)—When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon?
—Either．I’ll be in all day.
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
都
任何一个
都不
部分否定
两者
both
either
neither＝
not either
both和
not连用
三者或
三者以上
all
any
none＝
not any
all和
not连用
As the two dictionaries are useful，I’ll take both and either of them is very important to me. 由于这两本词典都有用，我会把它们都带走，每一本对我来说都非常重要。
All that’s important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction.
重要的是你尽力朝正确的方向前进。
—Would you like tea or coffee?
——你想要茶还是咖啡？
—Neither，thank you.I’ve just had some water.
——都不要，谢谢。我刚喝过一些水。
My brother would like to buy a good watch but none was available from that shop.
我哥哥想买一块好表，但是在那家店里没有一块合适的。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．And the hutong today is fading into the shade for both tourists and local people.
2．Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders.
不定代词other，the other，others，the others，another的用法区别
1．(福建卷)In some countries，people eat with chopsticks, while in others，knives and forks.
2．(陕西卷)To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the_other.
other
表示“另一个；另一些”，用作泛指，只作定语，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用，但如果前有any，every等时，则可与单数名词连用，如any other plant，every other day
续 表
the other
表示“两者中的另一个”。常用结构：one...the other...指“一个……另一个……”
another
表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另一个”，指代或修饰单数可数名词。另外，another后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词”表示“另外的……(多少)”
others
泛指别的人或物，可作主语、宾语或表语。常用结构：some...others...
the others
特指其余的人或物，可作主语、宾语或表语。常用结构：some...the others...
I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldn’t face another day like that.
昨天一整天我都感觉很糟糕，所以今天早晨我决定不能像那样面对另一天了。
I’ll spend half of my holiday practising English and the other half learning drawing. 我准备把我假日时间的一半用来练习英语，另一半时间学习绘画。
Some are singing and dancing，some are drawing，and others are climbing the hill.
一些人在唱歌跳舞，一些人在画画，还有一些人在爬山。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．Lily was the only person who noticed me coming into the classroom，the_others all absorbed in reading.
2．As far as I am concerned, cycling is a good solution. For one thing, bicycles don’t need any petrol and they are energy－saving. For another,_bicycles are environmentally friendly because they won’t give off waste gas.
不定代词none，nothing，nobody(no one)的用法区别
1．(四川卷)Niki is always full of ideas，but none is useful to my knowledge.
2．(重庆卷)The meeting will be held in September，but nobody knows the date for sure.
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
none
既可指人，也可指物，侧重数量，通常指三者或三者以上的人或物，后可接of短语，作主语时谓语动词可以用单数，也可用复数，常用于回答由how much/many提问的疑问句
nothing
只用于指物，且表示泛指概念，常用于回答由what引导的疑问句
nobody
(no one)
只用于指人，且表示泛指概念，常用于回答由who引导的疑问句，且不可与of短语连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数
Sophia waited for a reply，but none came.
索菲亚等待答复，但一个都没有。
—How many students in your class went to the lecture?
——你们班有多少学生去听报告？
—None.
——一个也没有。
—Who did you see enter the lonely house?
——你看见谁进了那间僻静的房间？
—Nobody.
——没看见一个人。
—How much money do you have?
——你有多少钱？
—Nothing.
——一点也没有。
全部否定和部分否定：no one，none，nobody，nothing，not...any以及“no＋名词”都表示全部否定；all，both，everyone/everybody/everything以及“every＋名词”都表示全部肯定；当not出现在含有全部肯定意义的不定代词的句子中，不管not在它们之前还是在它们之后，都表示部分否定。
Both of them haven’t read this story.
并非他俩都读过这个故事。
Not all of them smoke.＝All of them don’t smoke.
他们当中不是所有人都吸烟。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．This project requires close teamwork.Nothing will be achieved unless we work well together.
2．Nobody can help but be fascinated by the world into which he is taken by the science fiction.
[学生用书P10]
单项填空
1．Nearly 730 million trips were made by Chinese travelers within China over the National Day holiday, ________ cheaper tickets and higherquality travel services.
A．regardless of B．thanks to
C．but for D．as to
B 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于较低的票价和更优质的旅行服务，国庆节期间中国游客国内游人数达到了近7.3亿人次。thanks to“因为，由于”，符合语境。regardless of“不管，不顾”；but for“要不是，倘若没有”；as to“关于，至于”。
2．(湖北卷)This meeting room is a nonsmoking area.I would like to warn you ________ that if you smoked here you would be fined.
A．in advance B．in detail
C．in total D．in general
A 解析：考查“in＋名词”型短语意义辨析。句意：这个会议室是“无烟区”。我想________提醒你，如果你在这里吸烟，你就会被罚款。根据题干中that引导的宾语从句可知，说话者是在“提前”告诉对方这一事实，所以选择in advance。in detail详细地；in total总共；in general一般来说。
3．(浙江卷)People won’t pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying ________ expression.
A．from B．over
C．with D．for
D 解析：考查介词。句意：当人们仍有许多自己的观点迫切需要表达时，他们是不会理会你的。由语境可知，此处要用介词for表示目的。其他三项均无此用法。
4．(福建卷)Human life is regarded as part of nature and，as such，the only way for us to survive is to live________nature.
A．in view of B．in need of
C．in touch with D．in harmony with
D 解析：考查“in＋名词＋介词”型短语意义辨析。句意：人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，同样，我们存活下去的唯一的方法是和自然________。in view of鉴于，考虑到，由于；in need of需要；in touch with与……保持联络；in harmony with与……协调，与……一致，与……和谐。根据题干中的Human life is regarded as part of nature可知，人与自然应该和谐相处，故选D项。
5．(2019·江苏名校高三摸底)World Food Day is celebrated every year around the world on Oct. 16, ________ the date of the founding of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 1945.
A．in defense of B．in search of
C．in favor of D．in honor of
D 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：联合国粮食及农业组织于1945年10月16日成立，为纪念这一天，世界各地的人们把每年的这一天作为“世界粮食日”来庆祝。in honor of“纪念”，符合语境。in defense of“保卫，保护”；in search of“搜寻，寻找”；in favor of“支持”。
用适当的代词填空
1．From the relics, tourists can see the outline of the ancient metropolitan(大都会的) areas along the fantastic road. In the tour packages, tourists can imagine themselves to be ancient merchants by riding camels in deserts.
2．Now it occurred to him that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
3．At that moment an attractive young lady who noticed my book came up to me and introduced herself．
4．It is also fun to eat in restaurants there.
5．Dating sites also make it easy to avoid someone who you are not interested in.
[学生用书P117(单独成册)]
(建议用时：20分钟)
单项填空
1．________ meeting the need of highspeed Internet access, 5G network can also support 4K Ultra HD video calling and other services.
A．On account of B．On top of
C．In terms of D．In favor of
B 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：5G网络除了能满足高速互联网接入的需求外，还可以支持4K超高清视频通话和其他服务。on top of“除……之外”，符合语境。on account of“由于，因为”；in terms of“就……而言”；in favor of“支持”。
2．(2019·南京、盐城高三一模)________ clear goals, we become strangely loyal to performing daily doings until we become slaves of them.
A．On top of B．In the silence of
C．On account of D．In the absence of
D 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：没有清晰的目标，我们就会莫名其妙地忠于做每天所做的事，直到最终成为它们的奴隶。in the absence of...“缺乏……”，符合语境。on top of...“在……上方，除……之外”；in the silence of...“在……的寂静中”；on account of...“由于……，因为……”。
3．“We’ve never sold anyone’s data，” Zuckerberg said ________ British lawmaker Damian Collins, who released some emails between Zuckerberg’s company and other tech companies.
A．in response to B．in contrast to
C．in proportion to D．in addition to
A 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：Zuckerberg以“我们从未售卖任何人的数据”作为对公布了他的公司与其他技术公司的一些邮件的英国立法官员Damian Collins的答复。in response to“作为对……的答复”，符合语境。in contrast to“和……形成对照”； in proportion to“和……成比例”；in addition to“除……以外(还)”。
4．The disaster relief funds are already________so that people in the earthquakestricken area can carry out reconstruction work without delay.
A．in place B．in demand
C．in order D．in vain
A 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：减灾资金已经准备好以便地震灾区的人们能毫不拖延地进行重建工作。A.in place合适，准备好；B.in demand 需要；C.in order有序；D.in vain徒劳。故选A。
5．The pollution in Beijing is expected to improve，________a series of air pollution control measures.
A．regardless of B．but for
C．thanks to D．such as
C 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：幸亏一系列的空气污染控制措施，北京的污染有望改善。A.regardless of不管；B.but for要不是；C.thanks to幸亏；D.such as例如。故选C。
6．Nick，it’s good for you to read some books ________ China before you start your trip there.
A．in B．for
C．of D．on
D 解析：考查介词辨析。on 表示关于，some books on China意为“关于中国的一些书”。句意：Nick，你在去中国旅行之前最好读一些关于中国的书。
7．Scientists have found that some couples are so ________ that their brains begin to work in the same way.
A．in tune B．in shape
C．in demand D．in style
A 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：科学家发现，一些夫妻都是如此有默契以至于他们的思维方式都开始变得一样了。in tune“协调，一致”；in shape“健康状态良好”；in demand“需求大”；in style“有气派，有风度”。
8．He still helped us heartily ________ being exhausted after working three hours.
A．in response to B．in case of
C．in spite of D．in addition to
C 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：尽管工作三个小时后已经筋疲力尽了，他仍然热心地帮助我们。in spite of“尽管”，符合语境。in response to“作为对……的回应”；in case of“以防，万一”；in addition to“除……之外”。
9．As you know, anger doesn’t help in 99% of situations; ________， it usually makes things worse.
A．in response B．in contrast
C．in conclusion D．in return
B 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：正如你所知道的那样，99% 的情况下愤怒是没有用的。相反，它通常让事情变得更糟。in response“作为回应”；in contrast“相反”；in conclusion“总之”；in return“作为回报”。
10．All the students kept silence throughout the class________ the teacher’s switch from the PE lesson to a maths lesson that day.
A．in terms of B．in response to
C．in return for D．in spite of
B 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：作为对老师把体育课换成数学课的回应，那天所有学生整节课都保持沉默。in terms of “就……而言”；in response to“作为对……的回应，答复”；in return for“作为回报”；in spite of “尽管”。
11．One well of the oil field was still burning with huge fire twisting crazily________the night sky.
A．in B．on
C．against D．across
C 解析：考查介词辨析。句意：石油区的一个井仍在燃烧，在夜空的映衬下火苗疯狂扭曲。against the night sky在夜空的映衬下，故选C。
12．________the cold，thin air and low oxygen levels also can cause mountain sickness.
A．On behalf of B．In terms of
C．Apart from D．Except for
C 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：且不说寒冷，稀薄的空气和含氧量低也能引起高山反应。on behalf of代表；in terms of依……来讲；apart from且不说……(实际上是包括的)；except for要不是，除……之外(从整体中排除)。而the cold也是会cause mountain sickness的，所以不能排除，只能用“且不说”apart from，用besides也可以，是一个递进关系，表示“除……之外”。故选C。
13．There is no doubt that those who want to buy a house are ________ the proposal that the government should bring down the housing price.
A．in favor of B．in honor of
C．in search of D．in need of
A 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：毫无疑问，那些想买房的人都赞成政府应该降低房价的提议。根据语境可知，in favor of“赞成”符合语境。in honor of意为“为纪念……”；in search of意为“寻找”；in need of意为“需要”。
14．(2019·南京四校联考)Please fetch the bunch of purple flowers and put it here，for purple flowers look more beautiful ________a light yellow wall.
A．at B．in
C．under D．against
D 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：去拿一束紫色的花来放到这里，因为以淡黄色的墙为背景，紫色的花看上去更漂亮。against以……为背景。故选D。
15．As is often the case, some mothers are timid in their everyday life, but will fight like a tiger ________ their children.
A．in favor of B．in defence of
C．in charge of D．in support of
B 解析：考查介词短语辨析。句意：一些母亲在她们的日常生活中很胆小，但在保护她们的孩子时她们会像老虎一样搏斗，这是常有的事。in favor of“赞同，喜欢”；in defence of“保护”；in charge of“负责”；in support of“支持，赞同”。
用适当的代词填空
1．For one thing, they help to broaden our horizons. For another,_most books are sold at a lower price.
2．It was time for dinner and it was pretty dangerous that the sandstorm was going on and getting stronger.
3．“As soon as he opens his mouth and sings in Chinese, the Chinese are very surprised and they feel proud of him，” said his music teacher.
4．Every country has its own banknotes, so it is hard to say which is the most beautiful one.
5．Obesity researchers hate it when I say this, but their own data shows that obesity is not going to kill us.
6．At that moment an attractive young lady who noticed my book came up to me and introduced herself．
7．Rather than being the byproduct of a happy life, feeling happy has become a goal in itself．
8．I’m sure, as my life continues here in Beijing, I will be swept in the convenient life that China’s rapid development is bringing about in the future.
