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    2020江苏高考英语二轮讲义:专题一第六讲 非谓语动词

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    2020江苏高考英语二轮讲义:专题一第六讲 非谓语动词

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    第六讲 非谓语动词[学生用书P22]
      非谓语动词是动词的变体,是为了满足动词作除了谓语之外的其他成分而产生的。从该意义上来说,非谓语动词是动词的升级版本,弥补了动词的先天不足。根据非谓语动词类别及功能,在单项填空题中以考查非谓语动词作状语和定语为主,作主语和表语也是考查重点之一。高考中继续加强了对非谓语动词的考查,而且分词作状语和定语仍是考查的重点,对于不定式,考查热度仍然不减,尤其是不定式作状语和定语的用法。
    [学生用书P22]
     非谓语动词作状语

    1.(2019·江苏卷)________ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
    A.To enjoy B.Enjoying
    C.To have enjoyed D.Enjoy
    A 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:为了享受电子支付的便利,许多老年人开始使用智能手机。分析句子结构可知,这里表示目的,故用动词不定式作目的状语。
    2.(2018·江苏卷)Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, ________ the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.
    A.having exceeded B.to exceed
    C.exceeded D.exceeding
    D 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:这段时间大约13 500个新的工作岗位被创造了出来,超过了市场分析人士预计的12 000个。exceed与主语是逻辑上的主谓关系,故选择exceeding。
    3.(2018·北京卷)During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together ________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
    A.share B.to share
    C.having shared D.shared
    B 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:在中秋节期间,家庭成员常常欢聚一堂,享受大餐、赏月并品尝月饼。根据句意以及句子结构可知,此处用不定式作目的状语。
    通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
    1.非谓语动词作目的状语,要想到用不定式;
    To succeed, we must make good preparation.
    要取得成功必须做好准备。
    2.非谓语动词作伴随状语,要想到用现在分词;
    The students rushed out of the classroom, laughing and talking.
    学生们又说又笑地冲出教室。
    3.非谓语动词作结果状语,表示出乎意料的结果要想到用不定式,表示必然的结果要想到用现在分词;
    He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.
    他匆匆赶到车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。(表出乎意料的结果)
    (陕西卷)More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
    中国又建了更多高速公路,这使人们从一处到另一处的出行变得更容易了。(表结果)
    4.非谓语动词作原因状语,表示“喜怒哀乐”的形容词要想到用不定式;非谓语动词作时间状语、条件状语和原因状语等要想到用分词。
    I am only too glad to see everything settled.
    看到一切问题都解决了,我很高兴。
    Being tired, he went to bed early.
    因为很累,他很早就睡了。
    Seeing the police, the thieves ran away.
    看到警察,小偷就跑了。
    源于系表结构的部分过去分词作状语,表示句子主语所处的一种状态,常见的有seated(坐着的),devoted(专注的),lost/absorbed in(沉溺于),dressed in(穿着)等。 
    Absorbed in his book, he didn’t notice me enter the room.
    他专注读书,没注意到我进入房间。
    变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
    1.Some people try to knock me down,only ________ me more determined to do things better.
    A.having made B.make
    C.to make D.making
    C 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:有些人试图把我击倒,结果却使我更加坚定地去把事情做得更好。only与不定式连用,用来表示意想不到的结果。
    2.Due to the newly­discovered flu, a general anxiousness developed and spread, ________ a sharp decrease of dining out.
    A.caused B.having caused
    C.to cause D.causing
    D 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:因为这种最新发现的流感,一种普遍的焦虑情绪滋生出来并且不断蔓延,这导致外出吃饭的人数急剧减少。分析句子结构可知,cause与其逻辑主语是主动关系,应用v.­ing形式作结果状语,所以选D。

     非谓语动词作定语

    1.(2019·天津卷)Most colleges now offer first­year students a course specially ________ to help them succeed academically and personally.
    A.designed B.designing
    C.to design D.being designed
    A 解析:考查过去分词。句意:大多数大学现在给大一学生提供一门专门设计的来帮助他们在学术和个人事务上成功的课程。此处course与design之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。故选A。
    2.(2017·江苏卷)Many Chinese brands,________their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.
    A.having developed B.being developed
    C.developed D.developing
    A 解析:考查非谓语动词。本句的主语Many Chinese brands与develop存在主动关系,因此用现在分词,又根据句中的时间状语over centuries可知,此处应该使用现在分词的完成式。故答案为A。
    3.(江苏卷)In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message ________ within the work.
    A.to hide B.hidden
    C.hiding D.being hidden
    B 解析:考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,message与hide是逻辑上的被动关系,因此应该使用过去分词作后置定语。
    通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读

    非谓语动词类别
    用法
    动词不定式
    表示将要发生的动作
    动名词
    表示用途
    分词
    现在分词
    表示动作主动进行或者正在进行中
    过去分词
    表示动作被动完成或者单纯表示已经完成
    We are preparing for the mid­term examination to be held next week.
    我们正在为下周将要举行的期中考试做准备。
    The lecture, starting(=which was starting)at 7:00 p.m. last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.
    讲座于昨晚七点开始,随后是用望远镜观察月球。
    Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
    清华大学建立于1911年,是许多杰出人物的摇篮。

    不定式作定语时,若句子主语是不定式动作的执行者,则用主动形式表被动含义;若句子主语不是不定式动作的执行者,则用被动形式表被动含义。
    She has a sister to look after.
    她有一个妹妹需要照顾。(she是look after的执行者)
    I want to go to Beijing.Do you have anything to be bought?
    我要去北京,你有什么东西需要买吗?(you不是buy的执行者)
    变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
    1.Shanghai has become the first city in China ________ road test plates for autonomous driving trucks, issuing a plate to technology companies TuSimple and Momenta each, according to Jiefang Daily.
    A.having issued B.to issue
    C.issuing D.issued
    B 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:据《解放日报》报道,上海已成为中国第一个颁发自动驾驶卡车道路测试牌照的城市,给技术公司TuSimple和Momenta各颁发了一张牌照。根据句中的“the first”可知此处应用动词不定式作后置定语。故选B。
    2.(2019·江苏名校高三摸底)I heard that more people,________ by the mild climate and relaxing lifestyle, will pour into my hometown in the future.
    A.attracting B.attracted
    C.being attracted D.having attracted
    B 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:我听说被温和的气候和轻松的生活方式吸引,将来更多的人将涌入我的家乡。逻辑主语people与attract之间是被动关系,故用过去分词短语作后置定语。故选B项。
     非谓语动词作宾语

    1.(2018·天津卷)I didn’t mean ________ anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help ________ it.
    A.to eat;to try B.eating;trying
    C.eating;to try D.to eat;trying
    D 解析:考查非谓语动词。从句意看,第一空所在部分用mean to do sth.表示“打算做某事”,第二空用couldn’t help doing sth.表示“忍不住做某事”,因此选D。
    2.(陕西卷)After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress,Anne Benedict went on ________ all the people who had helped in her career.
    A.to thank B.thanking
    C.having thanked D.to have thanked
    A 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角奖之后,Anne Benedict继续感谢所有曾经在她的职业生涯中帮助过她的人。 go on 后接to do或doing作宾语均可,但是go on doing sth.表示“继续做同一件事”,而go on to do sth.则表示“继续做另一件事”。由语境可知,Anne Benedict在拿奖后又继续做另一件事,即“感谢所有帮助过她的人”,故用go on to do sth.。

    1.只接不定式作宾语的动词:agree,intend,plan,demand,promise,help,prepare,decide,refuse,choose,wish,hope,want,expect,fail,pretend,manage,determine,beg,arrange,threaten,claim,hesitate,happen等。
    2.只接v.­ing形式作宾语的动词:admit,avoid,consider,escape,imagine,mind,miss,practise,suggest,feel like,give up,put off,object to,look forward to等。
    3.接不定式与接v.­ing形式有显著区别的动词:(1)try to do 尽力做……;try doing 试着去做……;(2) mean to do打算做……;mean doing 意味着……;(3) regret to do遗憾要去做……;regret doing后悔做过……;(4)remember to do 记得去做……;remember doing记得做过……;(5) forget to do忘记去做……;forget doing 忘记做了……。
    4.动词want,need,require作“需要”讲时,其后要用v.­ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。
    5.介词后一般要接v.­ing形式作宾语,但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语,若前有实义动词do,不定式要省略to。
    He got well­prepared for the job interview,for he couldn’t risk losing the good opportunity.
    他为这次工作面试做好了充分准备,因为他不能冒失去这次好机会的风险。
    We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
    我们约好在此地见面,但是她到现在还没有露面。
    What a poor memory!I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday.But today I forgot to return the money to him. 
    多么差的记忆力!昨天我忘了向他借过钱,但今天我又忘了把钱还给他。

    不定式作动词(短语)learn,decide,know,wonder,show,tell,understand,explain,teach,advise,find out等的宾语时,前面常带引导词how,what,whether,where,when,who等。 
    变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
    1.Acceptance is not about liking a situation.It is about acknowledging all that has been lost and________to live with that loss.
    A.learning B.learned
    C.to learn D.having learned
    A 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:接受不是关于喜欢一种状况。它是关于承认所有已经失去的和学会带着损失生活下去。题干中acknowledging和learning做about的并列宾语,故选A。
    2.There is a strict limit of 13 days in the challenging race through the Arctic,although most competitors end up________ long before that.
    A.to retire B.retired
    C.having retired D.retiring
    D 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:穿越北冰洋的13天挑战赛有严格的限制,尽管参赛者都已在很久之前就退出了。end up后跟v.­ing形式,意为:以……为结束。故选D。
     非谓语动词作宾补

    1.(2018·天津卷)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ________.
    A.taking B.taken
    C.being taken D.take
    B 解析:考查非谓语动词。从句意和句子结构看,本空在句中作宾补,动词take与my photograph之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故应用过去分词,因此选B。
    2.(陕西卷)Back from his two­year medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother ________ good care of at home. 
    A.taking B.taken
    C.take D.be taken
    B 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务,回来后看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好他很高兴。分析句子结构可知,此处是“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语补足语可以是 do,doing或者done。 若宾语与补语之间是主动关系,且强调动作发生的全过程,用省略to的动词不定式,即do; 若宾语与补语之间是主动关系,且强调动作正在进行,用doing; 若宾语与补语之间是被动关系,用过去分词作宾补。此处his mother与take good care of之间是被动关系,故选B项。

    使役动词have,get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点:①have sth.done=get sth.done让别人做某事②have sb./sth.doing 让……一直做某事;get sth./sb.doing 使……开始做某事③have sb.do sth.=get sb.to do sth.让某人做某事。注意:have sth.to do有某事要做(to do作后置定语)。 
    Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.
    亚历山大尽力使他的工作被医学界认可。
    I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term.
    这个学期结束前,我有很多阅读要完成。
    通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
    1.现在分词作宾补
    现在分词作宾补时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系,并且现在分词作宾补强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词:感官动词(see,watch,observe,look,notice,hear,listen,feel),使役动词(have,get),find,leave,keep,catch等。
    I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
    我抬头注意到一条蛇蜿蜒着爬上树去捕捉它的早餐。
    He had the light burning all night,which made his parents very angry.
    他让灯亮了整晚,这使他父母很生气。
    It’s wrong to leave the computer working.
    让电脑一直开着是不对的。
    I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.
    对不起让你久等了。
    I found a number of people already working there.
    我发现很多人已经在那儿工作了。
    2.过去分词作宾补
    过去分词作宾补时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词:感官动词(see,watch,observe,look,notice,hear,listen,feel),使役动词(have,make,let,get),find,leave,keep等。
    When we saw the road blocked with snow,we decided to spend the holiday at home.
    当我们看到道路被雪封住后,我们决定在家过假期。
    You should keep me informed of his whereabouts.
    你应该让我了解他的行踪。
    The old found his hometown much changed.
    这位老人发现他的家乡变化很大。
    He left much work unfinished because he was ill.
    因为生病,他留下许多工作未做。
    3.不定式作宾补
    (1)常带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语):advise,allow,ask,cause,command,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,invite,leave,order,permit,persuade,prefer,request,warn,wish,call on,depend upon等。
    (2)常接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语):help,使役动词(make,have,let),感官动词。如果这些动词或短语用于被动语态,则to不可省略。动词help后的不定式符号to可以省略,也可以保留。
    We hurriedly ended the meeting,leaving many problems to be settled.
    我们匆忙结束了会议,留下很多问题要解决。
    4.with+宾语+宾补
    (1)with+宾语+doing(表示主动且进行)
    (2)with+宾语+done(表示被动且完成)
    (3)with+宾语+to do(表示将来)
    The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them.
    这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步,他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。
    John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work finished,he gladly accepted it.
    约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也干完了,他就欣然接受了邀请。
    With a lot of difficult problems to settle,the newly elected president is having a hard time.
    因为有很多难题要解决,这位新任总统的日子不好过。

    (1)使役动词(make,have,let 等)及感官动词(see,watch,observe,hear,notice 等)后作宾补的不定式不带to。但用于被动语态(let除外)时,作主补的不定式一定要加上to。
    (2)下列结构中用不定式作主补:
    sb.be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought+to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth.
    The director had her assistant pick up some hot dogs for the meeting.
    经理让她的助手为会议买一些热狗。
    He is thought to have invented the first telephone in the world.
    人们认为他发明了世界上第一部电话。
    变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
    1.(浙江卷)Listening to music at home is one thing,going to hear it ________ live is quite another.
    A.perform B.performing
    C.to perform D.being performed
    D 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:在家听音乐是一回事,去现场听正在被演奏的音乐完全是另一回事。题干中含有“hear+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语it(指代music)与perform之间存在被动关系,且此处表示去现场听正在被演奏的音乐,故应用being performed作宾语补足语。
    2.Have you seen the boys________Little Apple?That’s such a beautiful scene that I dare not have my eyes________on it. 
    A.dancing;fixing B.dance;fixing
    C.dance;fixed D.to dance;fixed
    C 解析: 考查非谓语动词。句意: 你看见男孩们跳《小苹果》了吗?那是如此美的场景,我都不敢看。see sb.do sth.看见某人做某事;have one’s eyes fixed on sth.某人的眼凝视在……上。根据句意选C。
     非谓语动词作主语和表语

    1.(2019·天津卷)________ to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future.
    A.Learn B.Learned
    C.Learning D.Having learned
    C 解析:考查动名词。句意:学会批判性地思考是当今儿童未来所需的一项重要技能。分析句子结构可知,主句的谓语动词是is,is之前的内容是主语,故此处应用动名词短语作主语,表示一般性的陈述概念,故选C。
    2.(2018·北京卷)________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
    A.Travel B.Traveling
    C.Having traveled D.Traveled
    B 解析:考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:沿着古老的丝绸之路旅行是一种有趣且有益的体验。根据句子结构可知,此处用动名词作主语。
    通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
    1.非谓语动词作主语
    不定式作主语表示某一具体的、尤其是未发生的动作;v.­ing形式作主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作,尤其是一般行为倾向。两者可位于句首,也可用it作形式主语,而把不定式或v.­ing形式后置。下列句型常用v.­ing形式作主语:It is/was no use/no good/of little use (good) doing sth.。
    Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
    聆听别人对你刚才所读的书的反应会增加额外的乐趣。
    It is no good learning without practice.
    只学习不实践没有好处。
    It’s not easy to learn English well.Reading as much as possible is necessary.
    学好英语不容易,广泛阅读是有必要的。
    2.非谓语动词作表语
    v.­ing形式作表语时,说明主语的性质或特征;不定式作表语时,说明主语尚未发生的动作,或表示将来的动作。
    What she likes is watching children play.
    她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。
    His ambition is to go Harvard University.
    他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。
    变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
    1.(福建卷)For those with family members far away,the personal computer and the phone are important in staying________.
    A.connected B.connecting
    C.to connect D.to be connected
    A 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:对那些与家人离得比较远的人来说,个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重要。本句中的关键词是stay(保持),它是一个连系动词,后接形容词作表语。A项connected是形容词,意为“有联系的,有来往的”,符合句意。stay connected是“stay+形容词化的过去分词”构成的系表结构。本题中的staying connected和keeping in touch表达同一个意思。
    2.We should bear in mind that ________ aloud in public is a good way to develop our level of confidence.
    A.having spoken B.to be spoken
    C.speaking D.speak
    C 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:我们应该记住:在公共场合大声讲话是提高我们的自信心的一个好方法。分析句子结构可知,空处在从句中作主语,应用动名词形式。故选C。
     非谓语动词的时态和语态

    1.(北京卷)The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore,he can go shopping without ________.
    A.recognizing B.being recognized
    C.having recognized D.having been recognized
    B 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:那位影星戴着墨镜,因此他可以在没人认出的情况下购物了。without为介词,后面接动名词形式;The film star与recognize之间存在被动关系,故用动名词的被动式,即“being done”结构。此题易误选D项,having been done为现在分词的被动式,不作介词的宾语。
    2.(天津卷)________ for two days,Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
    A.To work B.Worked
    C.To be working D.Having worked
    D 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:工作了两天,史蒂夫设法如期完成了他的报告。首先,work的动作发生在managed to finish...之前,故用完成时;Steve与work之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词形式,故用Having worked。
    3.(北京卷)There are still many problems ________before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.
    A.solving B.solved
    C.being solved D.to be solved
    D 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:在我们准备在月球上长住之前,还有很多问题需要解决。由There are可知设空处为非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰problems,根据时间状语从句before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon可知,动作solve发生在将来,故用不定式结构,而且problems与solve之间存在被动关系,故用不定式的被动结构。
    通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
    非谓语动词
    形式
    意义
    不定式
    一般时
    完成时主动:to do
    不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后
    被动:to be done
    进行时
    to be doing
    谓语动作发生时,不定式表示的动作正在进行
    完成时
    主动:to have done
    不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前
    被动:to have been done

    续 表
    非谓语动词
    形式

    意义
    动词­ing形式
    一般时
    主动:doing
    分词动作与谓语动作(几乎)同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后
    被动:being done
    完成时
    主动:having done
    表示分词动作先于谓语动作发生
    被动:having been done
    过去分词
    done
    表示被动与完成
    提醒
    having been done与done作状语时没有明显区别,可互换,但having been done不能作定语。不及物动词的过去分词,只表示完成,不表示被动
    (湖南卷)There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland,staring at the night sky.
    没有什么能比躺在草地中央凝视着夜空让人感到更高兴的事儿了。
    I got to the office earlier that day,having caught the 7:30 train from Paddington.
    那天我比平时到办公室的时间要早,因为我赶上了7:30从Paddington来的火车。
    Having been asked to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful film.
    我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。
    His first book to be published is based on a true story.
    即将出版的他的第一本书是基于一个真实的故事写的。

    非谓语动词解题四步骤
    第一步:利用“有无连词”原则确定谓语还是非谓语。
    分析句子结构,判断出句子的主干——主语和谓语。如果题线处作谓语,则要用谓语动词,如果题线处不作谓语,则要用非谓语动词。
    第二步:根据句意和作用确定句子成分。
    根据句意和题线处在句中的位置和作用,确定其所充当的句子成分,从而确定空格处所需填入的非谓语动词的形式。
    第三步:根据与逻辑主语的关系确定语态。
    如果非谓语动词表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系则用v.­ing形式或不定式的主动式;若为动宾关系则用v.­ing形式的被动式、不定式的被动式或过去分词。
    第四步:根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态。
    非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用过去分词或v.­ing形式的完成时或不定式的完成时;若同时进行用v.­ing形式或不定式的进行时;若非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后用不定式的一般时。
    变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
    ________ a good writer, you must find a quiet place where you can think, preferably one with limited accessibility.
    A.Becoming      B.To become
    C.Having become D.Become
    B 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:要成为一名好作家,你必须找到一个你能思考的安静之处,最好是一个限制(其他人)进入的地方。根据句意,空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。
    [学生用书P27]
    单项填空
    1.(江苏卷)Much time ________ sitting at a desk,office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
    A.being spent B.having spent
    C.spent D.spending
    C 解析:考查独立主格结构。句意:由于办公室职员在书桌前坐得太久,所以他们普遍被健康问题所困扰。 time和spend之间为被动关系,故用过去分词形式。
    2.(湖南卷)Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students ________ what is bothering them.
    A.to talk over B.talked over
    C.talk over D.having talked over
    A 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:有时对我的同学来说我充当了听众的角色,以便与他们详细聊一聊正在困扰他们的事情。本句用动词不定式作目的状语。
    3.(重庆卷)________ in the poorest area of Glasgow,he had a long,hard road to becoming a football star.
    A.Being raised B.Raising
    C.Raised D.To raise
    C 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:因为他是在格拉斯哥最贫穷的地区被抚养大的,所以他走了一段很长很艰辛的路才成为一位足球明星。句子的主语he和raise是被动关系,因此排除B、D两项。A项Being raised意为“正在被抚养”,显然也不合逻辑。因此只能选择C项Raised,此处用过去分词表被动,过去分词短语在句中作原因状语。
    4.(全国卷)Today there are more airplanes ________more people than ever before in the skies.
    A.carry B.carrying
    C.carried D.to be carrying
    B 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:现在天空中比以前有更多的飞机,这些飞机能搭载更多的人。分析结构可知,此处是there be结构,主语more airplanes后接了非谓语动词;并且,airplanes与carry之间为主动关系,故用现在分词作后置定语,所以B项正确。
    5.The World Life Science Conference ________ in Beijing will focus on medicine and health, agriculture and food safety, the environment and biotechnology.
    A.to be held B.to hold
    C.being held D.held
    A 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:即将在北京召开的世界生命科学大会将重点关注医药与健康,农业与食品安全,环境和生物科技。The World Life Science Conference与hold之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,再结合句中的will可知,大会尚未召开,应用动词不定式的被动式。故选A。
    6.Like ancient sailors,birds can find their way ________ the sun and the stars.
    A.used B.having used
    C.using D.use
    C 解析:考查非谓语动词中的现在分词作方式状语的用法。分词作方式状语时不能用完成式,因此排除B项,having done表示“已经做过”。A项used是过去分词,表被动概念,显然不合逻辑。此题容易误选D项use,原因是受到前文find的干扰,find sb.do sth.发现某人做某事。但是此题find one’s way(某人找到路)是固定短语,选项中的动词不作其补语。因此选择C项using,此处是现在分词短语作方式状语,相当于by using the sun and the stars的省略。
    7.He is thought ________foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.
    A.to act B.to have acted
    C.acting D.having acted
    B 解析:考查非谓语动词作主语补足语。句意:他被认为是举止愚蠢的。失去这份工作只能怨他自己,不能怨别人。be thought后应该接不定式,act发生在think之前,故应该用不定式的完成式。
    8.(江苏卷)The lecture ________,a lively question­and­answer session followed.
    A.being given B.having given
    C.to be given D.having been given
    D 解析:考查独立主格结构。句意:演讲结束后,气氛热烈的问答环节随之而来。由短语give a lecture可知,the lecture和give是被动关系,故排除B项。由a...session followed可知,作演讲的动作已经结束,故用D项having been given构成独立主格结构。A项being given表示“正在……”,C项to be given表示“将要……”,均不符合句意。
    9.There is a note pinned to the door ________ when the shop will open again.
    A.saying B.says
    C.said D.having said
    A 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:在门上钉着的那个便条的内容是这家商店何时再开张。首先分析句子结构可知There be句型中已经有了谓语动词is,故首先排除B项 says。然后根据语意可知所填词要作后置定语修饰note。从逻辑关系上看,note与say之间是主动关系,所以选A项,在此用现在分词结构作后置定语。
    10.(浙江卷)Amie Salmon,disabled,is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ________ to guard her.
    A.to appoint B.appointing
    C.appointed D.having appointed
    C 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:阿米·萨蒙是个残疾人,在校期间由委派来看护她的一位护士全程照顾。分析句子结构可知,设空处是nurse的后置定语;nurse与appoint之间为被动关系,故要用过去分词(appointed)作定语。
    [学生用书P124(单独成册)]
    (建议用时:30分钟)
    单项填空
    1.During the Lantern Festival, a DIY event was held at Guyi Garden in Jiading District, Shanghai, ________ children to enjoy the fun of making their own lanterns.
    A.to have allowed     B.having allowed
    C.allowed D.allowing
    D 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:元宵节期间,位于上海嘉定区的古猗园举办了一个DIY活动,让孩子们得以享受自己制作灯笼的乐趣。分析句子结构可知,此处用非谓语结构;又allow与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,allow表示的动作与主句动作几乎同时发生,故用现在分词的一般式作状语。
    2.Guangdong province rolled out new guidelines, ________ offensive nicknames and online violence as school bullying.
    A.defining B.defined
    C.to define D.having defined
    A 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:广东省出台了新的指导方针,把冒犯性绰号和网络暴力定义为校园欺凌。分析句子结构可知,此处应用非谓语动词形式。define与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,应用现在分词,且define的动作与谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生,故选A。
    3.China’s Chang’e 4 robotic probe entered lunar orbit on Wednesday, ________ a major step in its mission to make a soft landing on the moon’s far side.
    A.marking B.to mark
    C.having marked D.marked
    A 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:星期三中国的“嫦娥四号”探测器进入环月轨道,这是“嫦娥四号”实施月球背面软着陆任务中的重要一步。分析句子结构可知,此处应用现在分词作结果状语,现在分词表示的动作在谓语动词entered表示的动作之后发生,所以用现在分词的一般式。
    4.—What did David demand in the meeting just now?
    —________a chance to join the Debating Club.
    A.Being offered B.Having been offered
    C.To be offered D.To have been offered
    C 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:——刚才在会上David要求什么?——提供一个参加辩论俱乐部的机会。答语是回答的what,将答语变成David demanded to be offered a chance to join the Debating Club in the meeting just now.。demand后跟不定式作宾语,句子的主语David是offer的动作承受者,应用不定式的被动式作宾语,由于offer动作在将来发生,应用不定式的被动式。故选C。
    5.(2019·苏州模拟)Looking at the problems________, he felt he lacked inspiration and motivation.
    A.settled B.having been settled
    C.to be settled D.settling
    C 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:看着那些需要被解决的问题,他觉得自己缺少灵感和动力。根据句意及句子结构可知,空处在句中作定语,表示未完成的动作,且problems与settle之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故此处应用不定式的被动式。
    6.All the photos in the report are provided by the Students’ Union,unless otherwise________. 
    A.noted B.being noted
    C.to be noted D.having been noted
    A 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:如果没有特别说明,报道中的所有照片都由学生会提供。当句子的主语与状语从句的主语一致时,一般可采用连词与分词连用的方式。photos是note 的动作承受者,故用过去分词。因动作已经发生,表示现在的状态,采用过去分词。故选A。
    7.If you cut pounds in this way, I’m sure that you will end the year ________ more than you do now.
    A.weighing B.to weigh
    C.weighed D.having weighed
    A 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:如果你以这种方式减肥,我确信你今年年底会比现在还重。weigh和you是逻辑上的主动关系,故应用现在分词短语weighing more than you do now在句中作状语。
    8.—Why are you so familiar with my close friend Nipple?
    —Yeah,I happen,believe it or not,________him in a packed trip.
    A.to meet B.to be meeting
    C.to have met D.to be met
    C 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:——你为什么对我亲密的朋友Nipple那么熟悉?——信不信由你,我碰巧在一次背包旅行中遇见的他。happen碰巧,后跟不定式作宾语,meet的动作先于happen发生,应用不定式的完成式。故选C。
    9.I asked her if she would lend her book to me,________ that I would return it to her within two days.
    A.added B.add
    C.to add D.adding
    D 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:我问她是否愿意把她的书借给我,我还说,我会在两天内把它还给她。分析句子结构可知,空处是非谓语动词作伴随状语,add和主语I是主谓关系,故用现在分词。
    10.With the 2022 World Cup final in Qatar________on December 18,the public fixed sights on the Arab nation,causing the concern of the intense summer heat.
    A.taking place B.having taken place
    C.to take place D.to have taken place
    C 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:2022年的世界杯决赛将在12月18日在卡塔尔举行,公众都将目光关注在阿拉伯民族身上,引起了人们对夏季酷热的担心。take place为不及物动词词组,表示动作在将来发生应该用不定式一般式。故选C。
    11.It is said that the project will cost $580 million, half coming from investors, the rest ________.
    A.to borrow B.to be borrowed
    C.borrowing D.being borrowed
    B 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:据说这项工程要花费5.8亿美元,一半来自于投资者,剩下的将要借贷。通过对句子结构的分析可知the rest和后面的部分构成独立主格结构,borrow和the rest是逻辑上的被动关系,且表示将来的动作,应用不定式的被动式。
    12.The new marketing strategy ________ at the young, though well organized, ended in failure.
    A.targeting B.targeted
    C.having targeted D.to be targeted
    B 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管这个针对年轻人的新的营销策略很有条理,但(还是)以失败告终。target与The new marketing strategy为逻辑上的动宾关系,故应用其过去分词形式充当后置定语。
    13.Our company is going on very well.________dozens of local women, we produce handmade goods with unique designs that sell well overseas.
    A.To employ B.Being employed
    C.Employed D.Employing
    D 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:我们的公司运转得非常好。我们雇用了很多的当地妇女。我们生产的手工货物有独特的设计,在海外销售得非常好。employ 和Our company 是主动关系,故用动词的现在分词。
    14.The judge made the final decision after listening to the opinions of each party ________.
    A.to involve B.to be involved
    C.involving D.involved
    D 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:法官在听了各方意见后,做出了最后的决定。分析句子结构可知,空处在此作后置定语,修饰each party,each party与involve之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故要用过去分词作定语。
    15.Who do the passengers on board think it is up to________ a final decision about such a matter?
    A.make B.making
    C.to make D.to be making
    C 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:车上的乘客认为该由谁对于这样的事情做出最后的决定?it is up to sb.to do sth.由某人来决定做某事,故排除A和B;表示将要发生的动作,而不表示正在进行的动作,故选C项。
    16.________ the information the professor demanded earlier, the assistant continued to search in a sea of books for more on the topic.
    A.Gathering B.Having gathered
    C.Gathered D.Having been gathered
    B 解析:此处为非谓语动词作状语,逻辑主语the assistant与gather之间构成主谓关系,故排除C和D;因“收集信息”的动作发生在“继续寻找”之前,故用现在分词的完成式,故选B。
    17.(2019·泰州模拟)My mom held me and my brother tight,tears of happiness________her face, feeling proud of our final success.
    A.to cover B.covered
    C.having covered D.covering
    D 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:我的妈妈紧紧抱住我和弟弟,满脸幸福的眼泪,为我们最后的成功感到骄傲。此处是独立主格结构,happiness是cover的动作执行者,且动作正在进行,故应用现在分词。
    18.When________to a totally different culture, we should be open­minded and try to understand and appreciate it.
    A.to expose B.having exposed
    C.exposed D.exposing
    C 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:当暴露在一种完全不同的文化中时,我们应该持开放态度并尽力理解和欣赏这种文化。主句的主语we是expose的动作承受者,故应用过去分词作状语,故选C。
    19.He hurried to the lecture hall, only ________ that the famous professor had cancelled his lecture because of his serious illness.
    A.being informed B.to be informed
    C.informing  D.to inform
    B 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:他匆匆忙忙赶到演讲厅,结果被告知因为患了重病,那个著名的教授取消了演讲。only后面接不定式,表示“未曾料到的结果”。因为inform和he之间存在动宾关系,故用不定式的被动语态形式。故B项正确。现在分词通常作时间、条件、伴随等状语,作结果状语时表示自然而然的结果,故A项错误。C、D项语态和非谓语动词形式错误,故不能选。
    20.We still don’t know the exact time for the first human being ________.
    A.to have been cloned B.being cloned
    C.having been cloned D.to be cloned
    D 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:我们仍旧不知道第一个人被克隆出来的确切时间。人类尚未被克隆出来,故这里表示将来,故用不定式作后置定语,同时clone与human being为逻辑上的动宾关系,要用被动语态,综上可知,此处需用to be cloned。
    21.—Do you have anything more________,sir?
    —Yes.I need this file to be typed and printed as soon as possible.
    A.typing B.to be typed
    C.typed D.to type
    B 解析:考查非谓语动词。在“have+n.+不定式”结构中,当句中主语与其后面的不定式具有逻辑上的主谓关系时,不定式用主动形式,如“I have some clothes to wash.”中的to wash就是由该句主语“I”来完成的;但当句中主语与不定式的逻辑主语不一致时,不定式用被动形式。根据答语的第二句可知,句中to type的动作不是由句子主语you来完成的。而是由第一个说话者来完成的,故应用其被动形式to be typed。
    22.Mother’s birthday is approaching and ________ her a nice present, I’ve decided to stop treating myself to my favorite desserts and begin saving money.
    A.buying B.to have bought
    C.to buy D.having bought
    C 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:我妈妈的生日临近,为了给她买个精美的礼物,我已经决定不再给自己买最喜欢的甜点并开始攒钱。根据句意,to buy her a nice present是不定式短语作目的状语。
    23.He is often listened________ English songs,but this time we had him ________a Russian song.
    A.to to sing;sing B.to sing;to sing
    C.sing;to sing D.sing;sing
    A 解析:listen to本身带有一个介词to,listen to后面的不定式作主语补足语时,不定式符号to是不能省略的。在后一个分句中,使役动词had后面用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语,故用sing。
    24.—We didn’t find Tom ________the lecture.
    —No one had told him about ________a lecture the following day.
    A.to attend;there to be B.attending;there being
    C.attended;there be D.attend;there was
    B 解析:考查分词和动名词。第一空动词attend与Tom之间为主谓关系,所以用现在分词作find的宾语补足语;第二空介词about后应使用there be的动名词形式there being。故选B。
    25.—You should have thanked her before you left.
    —I meant ________.But when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.
    A.to do B.to
    C.doing D.doing so
    B 解析:本句中的meant意思是“本来打算”,其后应该使用不定式。当与want,wish,hope,like,hate,try,have,ought,used,need,be able,be going,be glad,mean等连用时,to代替不定式结构以避免重复。
    26.Milk quickly turns sour,unless ________ in a refrigerator.
    A.stored B.to store
    C.storing D.store
    A 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:牛奶很快就会变酸,除非存放在冰箱里。“unless stored in a refrigerator”是“unless it is stored in a refrigerator”的省略形式。store和Milk之间存在动宾关系,故用过去分词形式,故A项正确。
    27.Which do you enjoy________ your coming weekend,swimming or fishing?
    A.spending B.being spent
    C.spend D.to spend
    D 解析:to spend为不定式作目的状语,而Which是enjoy的宾语。
    28.There are too many cars in the street, so you can never be cautious enough when ________ the street.
    A.to cross B.cross
    C.crossing D.having crossed
    C 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:街上有太多的车,所以当你穿过大街的时候,无论怎么谨慎都不为过。分析句子结构可知,cross与you之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词。故选C。
    29.—Johnson is said to be the first young teacher________to professor in your university this year.
    —Exactly.________of his own competence is an important factor in his success.
    A.promoted;Convincing
    B.to have been promoted;Convincing
    C.promoted;Convinced
    D.to have been promoted;Being convinced
    D 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:——据说约翰逊是今年你们大学晋级教授的第一位年轻教师。——真的。他对自己能力的自信心是他成功的一个重要因素。teacher被the first修饰,一般只能用不定式作定语,排除A和C。be convinced of sth.对……有信心,第二空应用动名词短语作主语,故选D。
    30.I bet you can’t resist ________ at these funny and crazy sports images taken at the right moment.
    A.to laugh B.laughing
    C.having laughed D.laugh
    B 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:我敢打赌,看到这些在适当的时候拍摄的有趣又疯狂的运动图像,你会忍不住大笑的。can’t/couldn’t resist doing“忍不住做某事”,为固定用法。
    31.Today we have too many choices of communication through advanced technology,but we seem ________ the joy of communicating face to face.
    A.losing B.to be losing
    C.to be lost D.having lost
    B 解析:句意:今天通过先进的技术,有太多的交流方式供我们选择,但我们看上去正在失去面对面交流的乐趣。seem to do sth.好像做某事。因动作正在进行,故选B项。
    32.Nobody but doctors or nurses and those ________ by Dr.Li ________ to enter the patient’s room.
    A.being invited;allowed B.are invited;are allowed
    C.invited;is allowed D.invited;are allowed
    C 解析:考查非谓语动词和主谓一致。第一空为过去分词短语作定语;第二空主语的中心词是Nobody,所以选C项。
    33.You should understand the traffic rule by now.You’ve had it ________ often enough.
    A.explaining B.to explain
    C.explain D.explained
    D 解析:考查“have sth.done”结构。句意:到现在为止你应该懂得交通法规了。已经给你解释好多次了。
    34.With the couple ________ in a nearby town, the house seems pretty empty most of the time.
    A.work B.to work
    C.working D.worked
    C 解析:考查with复合结构。work 和其逻辑主语the couple是主谓关系,表示现在的状况,所以用现在分词表主动。句意:这对夫妻在附近镇上上班,(他们的)房子大部分时间都是空荡荡的。
    35.—Why do you look sad?
    —There are so many problems ________.
    A.remaining to settle
    B.remained settling
    C.remaining to be settled
    D.remained to be settled
    C 解析:由于remain是不及物动词,故应用现在分词remaining,相当于定语从句that remains;动词settle置于remain之后,应用动词不定式的被动结构来表示动作还未完成。
    36.—Hi,Mary.Would you like to go to the concert this evening?
    —Sorry,Tom.________ tomorrow’s lessons, I have no time to go out with you.
    A.Not preparing B.Not having prepared
    C.Not to prepare D.Being not prepared
    B 解析:根据句意可知,选项动词为原因状语,表主动,强调动作的完成性,相当于一个原因状语从句:As I haven’t prepared tomorrow’s lessons...故应选B。
    37.(2019·南通第二次调研)The BBC production Pride and Prejudice, ________ from Jane Austen’s classic, is universally acknowledged as the best so far.
    A.adapted B.adapting
    C.to be adapted D.having adapted
    A 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:人们普遍认为,BBC发行的改编自简·奥斯汀的文学名著的《傲慢与偏见》是到目前为止最好的作品。根据句子结构来判断,此处是过去分词作定语,表示“已经被改编”。
    38.________to get a seat for the concert, he didn’t mind standing in a queue all night.
    A.Determine B.To be determined
    C.Determined D.Being determined
    C 解析:过去分词作原因状语,“Determined to get a seat for the concert”相当于“Because he was determined to get a seat for the concert”。
    39.The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and ________ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.
    A.being weighed B.to weigh
    C.weighed D.weighing
    D 解析:此处weigh为“重量为;重(多少)”的意思,作young children的后置定语,且与其关系为主动,用weighing,故D项正确。句意:交通规则规定四岁以下以及体重少于40磅的儿童必须放于儿童安全座椅上。
    40.________ seriously, the enemy lacking military supplies withdrew in a hurry.
    A.Beating B.Being beaten
    C.To be beaten D.Having been beaten
    D 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:缺乏军用物资的敌军受到重创后仓皇撤退了。beat与the enemy之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,且beat所表示的动作发生在withdrew所表示的动作之前,故应用Having been beaten。


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