2020江苏高考英语二轮讲义：专题一第三讲　形容词和副词


第三讲　形容词和副词[学生用书P11]
　　单项填空对形容词和副词的考查重点是词义辨析、形容词和副词的比较、倍数关系以及形容词和副词在特殊语境中的应用等。对此考生还应掌握形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成方法及形容词作定语或表语这一基本考点。
[学生用书P11]
　形容词、副词的基本用法

1．(2019·江苏卷)Unlike traditional gyms, app­backed gyms offer people ________ options to exercise.
A．casual B．regular
C．flexible D．tight
C　解析：考查形容词辨析。句意：与传统健身房不同，有软件支持的健身房为人们提供了灵活的锻炼选择。casual“随便的”；regular“有规则的”；flexible“灵活的”；tight“紧的”。
2．(2019·天津卷)A dog’s eating habit requires regular training before it is ________ established.
A．properly B．widely
C．originally D．temporarily
A　解析：考查副词辨析。句意：狗的饮食习惯在正确地建立之前需要规则的训练。A项意为“正确地”；B项意为“广泛地”；C项意为“最初”；D项意为“临时”。故选A。
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
1．形容词(短语)、副词作状语
形容词(短语)作状语，说明句子中主语或宾语的状态；而副词作状语一般情况下用来修饰句子的谓语动词或置于句首修饰全句，作评注性状语。
Thankfully，I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.　谢天谢地，我终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。
Lighthearted and optimistic，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.　她无忧无虑、积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。
2．形容词、副词的顺序
(1)形容词作定语修饰由no，any，some和every构成的复合词，需要后置。多个形容词修饰名词的排列顺序：
限定词(these/those)＋序数词＋基数词/量词＋描绘性形容词(beautiful)＋大小、长短、高低＋形状＋年龄＋颜色＋来源(American)＋材料＋用途(writing)＋名词。
It’s a charming small French clock，made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century.　这是一个迷人的小型法国时钟，由黄铜制成，可以追溯到十九世纪。
(2)副词修饰形容词或其他副词时，一般位于被修饰词的前面，但enough要放在被修饰词的后面。
Strangely enough，some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.
很奇怪，一些著名的科学家具有细心和粗心双重特点。
(3)副词修饰形容词的特殊词序：so/as/how/too/that＋形容词＋a(n)＋单数可数名词。
I make $2，000 a week and $60 surely won’t make that big a difference to me.
我一个星期挣2 000 美元，60美元对我而言没什么大的影响。
3．出现在各种测试中的高频副词
①though 虽然，然而②therefore 因此③instead 相反
④besides/moreover/furthermore 另外，而且，除此之外
⑤however 然而，但是⑥otherwise 要不然，否则⑦still 仍然，依然⑧yet 然而，可是⑨thus 因而，于是⑩anyway 无论如何
What a terrible experience！Anyway，you’re safe now—that’s the main thing.
多么可怕的经历啊！无论如何，你现在安全了——这是主要的事情。
Mike was usually so careful，yet this time he made a small mistake.
Mike通常很仔细，但这次他犯了个小错误。

1．(2018·江苏卷)Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is ________ to invest in sufficient training for his staff.
A．keen B．reluctant
C．anxious D．ready
B　解析：考查形容词。句意：尽管这家旅馆服务差，但是经理却不愿投资对员工进行足够的培训。reluctant“不情愿的，勉强的”符合句意。
2．Fathers’ love for their kids seems to be a bit strict and tough; ________， mothers’ love seems to be loving and caring.
A．anyway B．meanwhile
C．moreover D．otherwise
B　解析：考查副词辨析。句意：父亲对孩子的爱似乎有点严厉和强硬；相比之下，母亲的爱似乎是富有爱心和体贴的。meanwhile“与此同时，对比之下”，符合语境。anyway“尽管，而且”；moreover“此外，而且”；otherwise“除此之外，否则”。

　形容词和副词的比较等级

1．(全国卷)Raymond’s parents wanted him to have ________ possible education.　
A．good B．better
C．best　　 D．the best
D　解析：考查形容词的比较等级。句意：雷蒙德的父母想让他接受最好的教育。形容词最高级前须加定冠词the，故D项正确。
2．(四川卷)Andy is content with the toy.It is ________ he has ever got.
A．a better B．the better
C．a best D．the best
D　解析：考查形容词最高级。句意：安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他得到的最好的玩具。从后面的定语从句he has ever got可以推知这是“他得到的最好的玩具”，故此处要用最高级。
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
等级
形式
意义
原级
as＋adj./adv.(原形) ＋as
和……一样
as＋形容词原级
＋a(n)＋n.＋as...
not as/so...as...
和……不一样
比较级
...比较级＋than
比……更……
the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词
两者中较……的那个
比较级＋and＋比较级
越来越……
the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..
越……就越……
最高级
the＋ 最高级＋比较范围
最……
...比较级＋than any other ＋单数名词
比任何一个……都……
...比较级＋than all the other＋复数名词
比其他所有……都……
...比较级＋than anything/anyone else
比任何一个……都……
否定词＋比较级．..
再……也不为过
I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time—there are more meaningful things to do.
我认为每天晚上看电视是白费时间——有更有意义的事可以去做。
This is by far the most inspiring movie that I have ever seen.
这是我曾看过的最鼓舞人心的电影了。
—Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.
——从国外进口的货物并不一定比产自中国的好。
—Yes.Some of the goods made in our country are of high quality.
——没错。我们国家生产的一些商品质量很高。
—Of the two bags，which one do you prefer?
——你更喜欢这两个包中的哪一个？
—The bigger one.It’s a most beautiful one，I think.
——大的那个。我觉得它非常漂亮。
Your story is perfect；I’ve never heard a better one before.
你的故事太完美了，我从来没有听到比这好听的故事。
技巧点拨 ____________________________________________原则这样解惑
如何分清比较级和最高级
1．两个事物进行比较应用比较级，三个或三个以上事物进行比较应用最高级。做题时既要通过分析数量关系确定使用比较级还是最高级，又要注意通过句意和语境进行判断，因为很多题目并没有直接说明是几者进行比较，而是把数量隐含在句意中。
2．若题目为省略句，应根据语境和语意寻找被比较的对象，然后确定比较的范围。
3. 使用比较级时比较的对象要一致：相同的对象可以比较，不同的对象不能进行比较。
The population of China is larger than that of any other country in the world.(人口与人口相比，要用代词that)
中国的人口比世界上任何其他国家的都多。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．—Li Ming did pass the test successfully!
—Indeed，but he was ________ than successful，I think.
A．more lucky B．much luckier
C．luckier D．lucky
A　解析：根据题意可知，此处“more＋adj.原形＋than”是固定结构，表示“与其说……倒不如说……”。所以选A项。
2．Linda kept weighing herself to see how much ________ she was getting.
A．heavy B．heavier
C．the heavier D．the heaviest
B　解析：考查形容词的比较级。句意：Linda不断地称自己的体重，想看看她胖了多少。根据句意，含有两者间的比较，much后应接形容词的比较级，不加定冠词the。

　倍数句型

(安徽卷)It’s said that the power plant is now ________ large as what it was.
A．twice as B．as twice
C．twice much D．much twice
A　解析：考查倍数表达法。句意：据说这个发电厂现在是以前的两倍大。倍数表达法有多种，此处考查的是“倍数词＋as...as”结构，故选A。
通关点击 ____________________________________________原则这样解读
表示倍数的句型
1．A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
2．A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B
3．A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋B
4．A is＋倍数＋that/those of＋B
5．A is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句
This restaurant wasn’t half as good as that other restaurant we went to.
这家饭店还不如我们以前去的那家饭店的一半好。
Americans eat more than twice as many vegetables per person today as they did in 1910.
美国人现在每个人吃的蔬菜是1910年的两倍多。
The output of cars last year is four times greater than that of this year.
去年小轿车产量是今年的5倍。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．The average income of Changzhou, though still well below that of Suzhou, has been on the increase and is three times ________ it was in 2001.
A．that B．which
C．what D．how
C　解析：考查倍数表达法。句意：常州的平均收入持续上涨，尽管还远低于苏州，但是其2001年的平均收入的三倍。分析句子结构可知，此处考查的是倍数的表达方法，空处在句中作was的表语，表示“……的东西”，故选what。
2．Mary’s house in Nanchang cost much more than ours，though not half________．
A．so big B．much bigger
C．very big D．as bigger
A　解析：此处表示“玛丽在南昌的房子不到我们家房子面积的一半，却比我们家的房子贵得多”，完整的表示是“...cost much more than ours，though it is not half as/so big (as ours)．”。
　形容词、副词词义辨析

1．(2017·江苏卷)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But________ explanations are hard to find.
A．alternative B．aggressive
C．ambiguous D．apparent
A　解析：考查形容词。句意：恐龙的消失未必就是由天文事件引起的，但是很难找到其他的解释。alternative“可替代的，另外的”符合句意。aggressive“好斗的，有进取心的”；ambiguous“模棱两可的”；apparent“明白的，显而易见的”。
2．(安徽卷)They gave money to the old people’s home either ________ or through their companies.
A．legally
B．sincerely
C．personally
D．deliberately
C　解析：结合副词词义辨析考查语境选词。句意：他们或者________或者通过他们的公司给敬老院送钱。legally合法地；sincerely真诚地；personally亲自；deliberately故意地。根据or through their companies可知与此相对的应该是personally(亲自)。

形容词或副词词义辨析是目前高考试题中常见的一种考查形式。在备考时，注意掌握形容词或副词的多种含义，解题时，需要把词义和试题的具体语境相结合。
1．近几年高考考查频率较高的形容词：accessible，adaptable，affordable，available，cautious，complex，confident，convenient，effective，essential，frequent，grateful，innocent，optimistic，potential，responsible，sensitive，spare，stable，thoughtful，unique，valuable，worthwhile，etc.。
2．近几年高考考查频率较高的副词：actually，adequately，closely，definitely，especially，equally，eventually，fortunately，frequently，generally，gradually，hardly，merely，narrowly，punctually，seriously，surprisingly，thankfully，willingly，etc.。
变式训练 ____________________________________________原则这样提升
1．The Aerospace Center Hospital has witnessed ________ growth over the years, from one that only had tent­like wards into a modern regional medical center.
A．slight B．tremendous
C．moderate D．modest
B　解析：考查形容词辨析。句意：多年来，航天中心医院取得了巨大的发展，它从一个只有帐篷式病房的医院发展成了一个现代的区域医疗中心。根据句中的“from one that only had tent­like wards into a modern regional medical center”可知，航天中心医院发生了巨大的变化，故tremendous“巨大的，了不起的”符合语境。slight“轻微的，略微的”；moderate“适度的”；modest“些许的”。
2．Recently, German business leaders have issued a strongly worded statement warning they are ________ to invest in Britain because of Britain’s exit from the EU.
A．qualified B．grateful
C．desperate D．reluctant
D　解析：考查形容词辨析。句意：最近，德国商界领袖发表了一份措辞强硬的声明，警告称，由于英国退出欧盟，他们不愿在英国投资。qualified“有资格的”；grateful“感激的”；desperate“拼命的，非常需要”； reluctant“不情愿的，勉强的”。故选D。
[学生用书P13]
单项填空
1．(安徽卷)My good performance in the job interview left me________ about my future and about what I can do here.
A．puzzled B．sensitive
C．optimistic D．embarrassed
C　解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在求职面试中的良好表现让我对未来以及在这里我所能做的事持乐观态度。根据performance前的good可知应选optimistic(乐观的)，求职面试中表现好，自然就会对未来持“乐观的、积极的”态度，而不是puzzled(困惑的)、sensitive(敏感的)或embarrassed(尴尬的)态度。故选C项。
2．(江西卷)Thanks for your directions to the house；we wouldn’t have found it ________．
A．nowhere B．however
C．otherwise D．instead
C　解析：考查副词辨析。句意：谢谢你告诉我们怎么到达那所房子，否则，我们就找不到它了。由句中的“we wouldn’t have found it”可知此处需用一个意为“否则”的副词，故C项otherwise符合题意。nowhere“无处”；however“然而”；instead“反而”。
3．(湖北卷)What was so ________ about Jasmine Westland’s victory was that she came first in the marathon bare­footed.
A．awful B．essential
C．impressive　 D．obvious
C　解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：关于Jasmine Westland的胜利让人印象如此深刻(impressive)的是她光着脚在马拉松比赛中夺得了第一名。awful“可怕的”；essential“极其重要的，不可缺少的”；obvious“明显的”。
4．(浙江卷)Facing up to your problems ________ running away from them is the best approach to working things out.
A．more than　 B．rather than
C．along with D．or rather
B　解析：考查语境选词。句意：勇于面对你的问题而不是逃避它们是解决事情的最好办法。more than“多于，不仅仅是，非常”；rather than“而不是”；along with“跟……一起”；or rather“更确切地说”。由语境可知，此处表示“面对问题而不是(rather than)逃避问题”。
5．(全国卷)Henry was away from home for quite a bit and ________ saw his family.
A．frequently B．seldom
C．always　　 D．usually
B　解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：亨利离开家很长一段时间了，很少看见他的家人。frequently“频繁地，经常地”；seldom“很少”；always“总是，一直”；usually“通常”。由题干中关键信息Henry was away from home for quite a bit可知，离开家很长一段时间，自然是很少(seldom)见到家人，故B项正确。
6．(湖北卷)Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase，she gave him a ________ smile and let him go.
A．cautious　 B．grateful
C．tolerant　 D．wild
C　解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她没有责备那个打碎了花瓶的孩子，而是给他一个宽容的(tolerant)微笑，并让他走了。cautious“小心的，谨慎的”；grateful“感激的”；wild“野生的，野蛮的”。
7．Don’t defend him any more.It’s obvious that he ________destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology.
A．accidentally B．carelessly
C．deliberately D．clumsily
C　解析：考查副词辨析。句意：别再护着他了，很明显他是故意破坏花园栅栏的(而且)根本没有道歉。A项意为“偶然地；非故意地”；B项意为“粗心地”；C项意为“故意地”；D项意为“笨拙地”。由句意可知选C项。
8．If what your friend comes up with surprises you，don’t reject it immediately.________，imagine that it is true.
A．Thus　　 B．Besides
C．Rather　　 D．Otherwise
C　解析：考查副词辨析。句意：如果你的朋友想出的东西让你感到吃惊，不要立即拒绝，相反地，想象一下它是真的吧。rather“相反”，符合句意。thus“因此”；besides“此外”；otherwise“否则”。
9．The parents decide to grow the water plant in a(n) ________ glass bottle so that their children can see the roots growing.
A．precious B．environmental
C．delicate D．transparent
D　解析：考查形容词辨析。句意：这对父母决定把这株水生植物种在一个透明的玻璃瓶里以便他们的孩子可以看到(它的)根部的生长。根据题干中的“so that their children can see the roots growing”可知，此处选D项，意为“透明的”。precious意为“珍贵的”；environmental意为“有关环境的”；delicate意为“精美的，精致的”。
10．She was going to start a new life as a freshman.But her story came to a(n) ________ end as she died of a heart attack after losing her tuition fees.
A．complex B．unfortunate
C．abstract D．casual
B　解析：考查形容词。句意：她打算以大学一年级新生的身份开始新的生活。但是，她的故事却以不幸而告终，因为她在丢失学费后，突发心脏病而死。complex“复杂的”；unfortunate“不幸的”；abstract“抽象的”；casual“随意的”。根据句意可知选B项。

　　 　　　　　　　　　　[学生用书P118(单独成册)]
(建议用时：30分钟)
单项填空
1．Despite the ________ description of the remote mountain village, the explorers had no difficulty finding it with the help of the locals.
A．straightforward　　　　　　 B．explicit
C．shallow D．vague
D　解析：考查形容词辨析。句意：尽管对于这个偏远山村的描述很模糊，但在当地人的帮助下，探险者们毫不费力地找到了它。vague“模糊的”，符合语境。straightforward“简单的”；explicit“清楚明白的”；shallow“肤浅的”。
2．Her doctor indicated that even adding a(n) ________ amount of daily exercise would dramatically improve her health.
A．modest B．equal
C．considerable D．exact
A　解析：考查形容词辨析。句意：她的医生表示，即使增加少量的日常锻炼，也会极大地改善她的健康。modest“不太大的，些许的”，符合语境。equal“相等的，平等的”；considerable“相当多的，相当大的”；exact“准确的，精确的”。
3．Computer­controlled robots are taking over jobs in many industries, which used to be done ________．
A．artificially B．manually
C．comprehensively D．gradually
B　解析：考查副词辨析。句意：计算机控制的机器人正在接管许多行业中的工作，而这些工作过去都是靠人工完成的。manually“靠人工地”，符合语境。artificially“人造地，人为地，非自然地”；comprehensively“完全地”；gradually“逐渐地”。
4．(2019·苏北三市高三质检)The large passenger aircraft C919, independently designed and developed by China, turned out to be a huge ________ success.
A．controversial B．contradictory
C．commercial D．compulsory
C　解析：考查形容词辨析。句意：由中国独立设计和开发的大型客机C919是一次巨大的商业成功。commercial“商业的”，符合语境。controversial“有争议的”；contradictory“相互矛盾的”；compulsory“强制的”。
5．He thought this was the first pair of shoes that had fitted him ________．
A．perfectly　 B．justly
C．fairly　　 D．rightly
A　解析：考查副词辨析。perfectly(＝quite well，completely)“十分，完全地”；justly“公正地，合法地”；fairly“公正地，正当地”；rightly“正确地，恰当地，精确地”。根据句意应选A项。
6．(2019·南京、盐城二模)One of the characteristics that make me different from many people is my adaptability—I’m________ and comfortable in new or unusual situations.
A．acceptable B．respectable
C．reliable D．flexible
D　解析：考查形容词辨析。句意：使我不同于许多人的典型特点之一是我的适应能力，就是我能自由舒服地生活在新的或不平常的环境中。acceptable意为“易接受的”；respectable意为“可尊敬的”；reliable意为“可依赖的”；flexible 意为“易弯曲的，灵活的”。
7．It’s appropriate to combine the western opera style with China’s classic literature, as imported opera styles are ________ gaining ground.
A．unacceptably B．unattractively
C．uncertainly D．undoubtedly
D　解析：考查副词辨析。句意：把西方的歌剧风格同中国的古典文学相结合是合适的，因为外来的歌剧风格毫无疑问正在普及。unacceptably“不可接受地”；unattractively“无吸引力地”；uncertainly“不确定地”；undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。
8．Laboratory work needs not only ________ measurement but also correct calculation.
A．appropriate B．convincing
C．accurate D．transparent
C　解析：考查形容词辨析。句意：实验室的工作不仅需要准确的测量，而且需要准确的计算。根据句中的“correct”可知，accurate“精确的，准确的”符合语境。appropriate“合适的”；convincing“令人信服的”；transparent“显而易见的，易懂的”。
9．I don’t know who’s more ________， you or your grandmother—neither of you will compromise.
A．considerate B．sympathetic
C．stubborn D．strict
C　解析：考查形容词辨析。句意：我不知道谁更固执——是你还是你奶奶，你们都不会妥协。stubborn“固执的，执拗的”，符合语境。considerate“考虑周到的，体贴的”；sympathetic“同情的，有同情心的”；strict“要求严格的，严厉的”。
10．The food ran out early，but________the party was a success according to the guests present that evening.
A．therefore B．meanwhile
C．otherwise D．however
C　解析：考查副词辨析。句意：食物很快就用完了。但是根据那天晚上出席的客人来说在其他方面这个聚会是成功的。therefore 因此；meanwhile 同时；otherwise否则，在其他方面；however 然而。
11．An expert says，“I think it is unpredictable for nature.You don’t know what will happen but________，we are preparing.”
A．somehow B．anyhow
C．somewhat D．someway
B　解析：考查副词辨析。句意：专家说：“我认为大自然是不可预测的。你不知道将来会发生什么，但是不管怎么样我们时刻准备着”。somehow不知怎么地；anyhow 不管怎样；somewhat 有一点儿；someway以某种方式。
12．—Did your son go to dentist’s to have his bad tooth pulled out?
—Yes, though________．
A．contentedly B．reluctantly
C．earnestly D．controversially
B　解析：考查副词辨析。句意：——你儿子去牙科将坏牙拔出来了吗？——是的，尽管不情愿。contentedly满意地；reluctantly勉强地，不情愿地；earnestly 认真地，热心地；controversially有争议地。根据题干中的though判断。故选B。
13．Our relationships give our lives meaning, but we can sometimes get lost in technology and forget to be ________ with the people in our lives.
A．rigid B．honest
C．present D．patient
C　解析：考查形容词辨析。句意：我们的关系让我们的生命有意义，但是我们有时候会迷失在科技中，忘记和我们生活中的人在一起。根据句意，空处表示“在场的”，故选present。rigid“严格的，死板的”；honest“诚实的”；patient“有耐心的”。
14．Although these states and their people are ________， they share the common goal of economic development.
A．diverse B．suitable
C．distinct D．apparent
A　解析：考查形容词辨析。句意：虽然这些国家及人民各不相同，但他们有着共同的经济发展目标。根据后面的“share the common goal”可知，答案选A项，diverse意为“不同的，多种多样的”。
15．Catherine wasn’t sure if the album was the right one, but she bought it ________．
A．instead B．otherwise
C．though D．anyway
D　解析：考查副词辨析。句意：凯瑟琳不能确定是否就是这张音乐专辑，但她还是买了。anyway“尽管，即使这样”，符合语境。instead“反而”；otherwise“否则”；though“不过，然而。”
16．(2019·江苏名校高三摸底)In order to keep their mother living with them confidently, the couple________ leave the washing­up for her after meals.
A．morally B．liberally
C．deliberately D．compulsorily
C　解析：考查副词辨析。句意：为了让母亲一直和他们自信地生活在一起，那对夫妇故意在餐后为母亲留下收拾碗筷的活动。morally讲道德地；liberally自由地；deliberately故意地；compulsorily强迫地。根据句中做目的状语的不定式和空后的leave...for判断。故选C。
17．—You don’t go to that supermarket quite often，do you?
—No, I only go there ________ because it’s too far away from my house.
A．occasionally B．constantly
C．eventually D．frequently
A　解析：考查副词辨析。句意：——你不常去那个超市，是吗？——是的，我只是偶尔去那儿，因为它离我的家太远。occasionally偶尔地；constantly连续不断地；eventually最后；frequently频繁地。
18．I think one of the important things for you is just to be ________ of your co­workers’ feelings and needs.
A．independent B．considerate
C．tolerant D．skeptical
B　解析：考查形容词辨析。句意：我觉得对你来说重要的事情之一就是你得关心你的同事的感受和需要。根据空后的“your co­workers’ feelings and needs”可知，此处应选considerate“体贴的，考虑周到的”。independent“独立的”；tolerant“宽容的，容忍的”；skeptical“怀疑的”。
19．The sentence “Look at those pretty little girls’ dresses” is ________， because it is not clear whether the girls or the dresses are “pretty”．
A．comprehensive B．ambiguous
C．contradictory D．explicit
B　解析：考查形容词辨析。句意：“看看那些漂亮的小女孩儿的连衣裙”这句话有歧义，因为它未表达清楚是“小女孩儿”还是“连衣裙”是“漂亮的”。根据“it is not clear whether the girls or the dresses are‘pretty’”可知， ambiguous“模棱两可的，含混不清的”符合语境。comprehensive“综合的”；contradictory“相互矛盾的”；explicit“明确的”。
20．Considering writers’ different historical backgrounds，a literary critic should not be________in his approach to judging a piece of writing.
A．sufficient B．superior
C．sustainable D．subjective
D　解析：考查形容词辨析。句意：考虑到作者的不同的历史背景，文学批评家不应该太主观的用他的方法来判断这个写作。sufficient意思为“充足的”； superior意思为“较高的，较好的”；sustainable 意思为“可以持续的，可以忍受的，可以支撑的”；subjective意思为“主观的，个人的”，根据“Considering writers’ different historical backgrounds”可知不应该太主观，故选D项。
21．Student loans are supposed to provide financial support for the students who would________ not be able to go to college.
A．otherwise　 B．meanwhile
C．therefore D．nevertheless
A　解析：考查副词辨析。句意：学生贷款应该为那些没有它就上不了大学的学生提供资金上的帮助。A项表示“否则，要不然”；B项表示“与此同时”；C项表示“因此”；D项表示“然而”。根据句意可知应选A。
22．—I wonder why Mary is so unfriendly to us.
—She is ________ than unfriendly，I’m afraid.
A．shyer B．much shyer
C．shy more D．more shy
D　解析：句意：——我想知道为什么玛丽对我们那么不友好。——与其说不友好不如说她比较害羞。more...than...“与其说……不如说……”。
23．(2019·江苏高三调研)Like most kids, our sevenyearold daughter was________when we took her to Disneyland for the first time.
A．disappointed B．inspired
C．thrilled D．touched
C　解析：考查形容词辨析。句意：像大多数孩子一样，当我们第一次带七岁的女儿去迪士尼乐园时，她欣喜若狂。disappointed“失望的”；inspired“卓越的，激动人心的”；thrilled“非常兴奋的，极为激动的”；touched“受感动的”。
24．—What’s wrong?
—Nothing serious.I’m just ________ busy.
A．much　 B．more
C．too much D．far too
D　解析：句意：——怎么了？——没有什么。我只是太忙了。因为too修饰形容词或副词，far是用来加强too的语气的。
25．She is an American，but she likes learning Chinese.She says Chinese is ________ English.
A．as popular a language as
B．so popular a language as
C．as a popular language as
D．so a popular language as
A　解析：考查同级比较。句意：她是一个美国人，但她喜欢学中文。她说汉语和英语一样是受欢迎的语言。此处表示同级比较且为肯定句，应用“as＋形容词原级＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋as”结构。
26．Of the two lectures，the first was by far________，partly because the speaker had such a dynamic style.
A．the best B．better
C．the better D．much better
C　解析：“两者之中较……的一个”经常用“the＋比较级”。
27．There is plenty of food，water and sunshine，and our friends are living there，________．
A．warm and comfortable
B．warmly and comfortably
C．warm and comfortably
D．warmly and comfortable
A　解析：句意：那里有充足的食物、水和阳光，我们的朋友住在那里，又温暖又舒适。此处用形容词短语作状语，表示伴随状况。
28．I think whoever makes ________contributions to the company than the others should get________ income.
A．greater；a highest
B．more greater；a higher
C．greater；the highest
D．more greater；the higher
C　解析：more不可修饰比较级，排除B和D两项。greater...than the others是用比较级形式表示最高级意义，后面也用最高级，且最高级前要用定冠词the。
29．The region was served by a railway line，with station stops from three to five miles________，so there was a natural limit to the spread of any particular community.
A．ahead B．away
C．apart D．aside
C　解析：考查副词辨析。句意：该地区被一道铁路分开，每三到五英里就是火车站，所以任何特定的社区的延伸受到自然限制。serve...apart把……分开。所以选C。
30．—Now that you like the house with a garden, why not buy it?
—Well，I can’t afford ________ house at present.
A．that expensive a
B．a such expensive
C．that an expensive
D．a so expensive
A　解析：句意：——既然你很喜欢这个带花园的房子，为什么不买呢？——哦，我现在还买不起这么贵的房子。that＝so“如此，这么”。
31．—How about your trip to Hainan?
—It couldn’t have been ________．Sometimes I went swimming in the sea；sometimes I lay on the sand.
A．so well　 B．as bad
C．better D．worse
C　解析：此处是比较级的否定式表达最高级的含义，意思是“不可能更好了”。
32．How can you have a good impression of a doctor who doesn’t give you ________ instructions on when and how to take the medicine?
A．ambiguous B．explicit
C．original D．impressive
B　解析：考查形容词辨析。句意：一个医生不能清楚地向你说明该何时服药以及如何服药，你怎么能对他有好感呢？ambiguous“模棱两可的”；explicit“清楚明白的”；original“原来的”；impressive“令人印象深刻的”。
33．Lots of sunshine，wonderful food，and friendly people—________ it is a great vacation!
A．besides B．altogether
C．otherwise D．however
B　解析：考查副词辨析。破折号后面的内容是对前面内容的总结或者概括，因此用altogether(总而言之)。besides“而且”，表递进；otherwise“否则的话”，表假设；however“然而”，表示转折。
34．(2019·南京四校联考)My friend John is very ________—if he promises to help you he will do it.
A．reliable B．stubborn
C．confident D．proud
A　解析：考查形容词辨析。句意：我的朋友约翰是非常值得信赖的——如果他承诺帮助你，他一定会做到。reliable“可靠的，可信赖的”，符合题意。故选A项。stubborn“顽固的”；confident“自信的”；proud“自豪的”。
35．—How did your interview go?
—I couldn’t feel ________ about it！The questions were very fair and I seemed to find an answer for all of them.
A．better　　 B．best
C．good　 D．well
A　解析：考查形容词的比较级。句意：——你的面试怎么样？——我感觉再好不过了。问题很恰当，我好像给所有问题都找到了答案。“否定词not＋形容词/副词的比较级”表示最高级含义。故选A项。
36．We do not have a big car，old and expensive vases or paintings.________，what I value about my father is the care and love he shows for me and family.
A．Though B．Rather
C．Or rather D．Further
B　解析：考查副词辨析。句意：我们没有大汽车、古老而昂贵的花瓶或者字画，相反，我更珍惜的是父亲对我和家人的照顾和爱。rather“相反，而是；宁愿”；though“尽管”；or rather“更精确地说，倒不如说”；further“此外；更远”。
37．When a child is ________ to peanuts, families must closely monitor everything the child eats both in and outside the home, because accidental consumption of peanuts could cause death.
A．allergic B．addictive
C．accustomed D．apparent
A　解析：考查形容词辨析。句意：当一个孩子对花生过敏时，家人必须密切监视孩子在家内外吃的东西，因为意外食用花生可能导致死亡。allergic“过敏的”；addictive“上瘾的”；accustomed“习惯的”；apparent“显然的”。根据语境可知选A项。
38．—What do you think of the lecture given yesterday afternoon?
—It was ________interesting.How I wish the lecturer had spent more time preparing!
A．not a little B．anything but
C．quite a few D．nothing but
B　解析：句意：——你认为昨天下午的演讲如何？——一点兴趣都没有。我多么希望演讲者花更多的时间去准备。anything but“根本不，绝不”；not a little“很多，不是一点”；quite a few“很多”；nothing but“仅仅”。
39．I didn’t mean to answer back；I ________ meant to say that you had been misinformed.
A．merely B．mostly
C．rarely D．nearly
A　解析：考查副词辨析。句意：我并不想跟你顶嘴，我只是想说你被误导了。merely“仅仅，只不过”；mostly“主要地”；rarely“很少，难得”；nearly“几乎，差不多”。
40．Drunk driving used to occur ________ in our city，but now such cases are rare.
A．practically B．generally
C．frequently D．gradually
C　解析：句意：过去在我们城市，酒驾经常发生，但是现在很少出现了。practically“事实上，实际上”；generally“一般地，通常”；frequently“频繁地”；gradually“逐渐地”。