所属成套资源:2020届高考英语二轮复习专题精品教案
2020届高考英语二轮复习教师用书:第一板块专题二短文改错
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[考纲解读·定方向]
《考试说明》指出:高考短文改错题用以考查考生判断、发现、纠正语境中英语语言使用错误的能力,及考生在语篇角度上把握内容、查找行文逻辑的能力。因此,仅仅把改错题视为对语法的考查,是对高考中短文改错的误解。
[全国卷三年考情分析]
试卷
年份
体裁
(词数)
考点
[命题者说]
谓语动词
非谓语动词
形容词、副词
名词
冠词
介词
代词
连接
词
数词
时态语态及
主谓一致
情态虚拟
全国
卷Ⅰ
2019
年
记叙文(95)
0
0
1
3
2
1
0
1
2
0
1.考查特点:考点个数基本上是维持平衡的。逐步会增加关于行文逻辑、语篇整体理解的考查。
2.素养考查:一般以记叙文为主,话题贴近学生生活,内容积极向上,彰显了英语学科的核心素养。
2018
年
记叙文
(113)
1
0
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
0
2017
年
记叙文
(108)
1
0
1
3
1
1
1
0
1
1
全国
卷Ⅱ
2019
年
说明文(105)
1
0
1
3
1
0
1
1
1
1
2018
年
记叙文(108)
2
0
2
0
2
1
1
1
1
0
2017
年
记叙文(93)
1
0
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
0
全国
卷Ⅲ
2019
年
说明文(112)
1
0
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
2018
年
记叙文
(102)
2
0
2
2
1
0
1
0
2
0
2017
年
记叙文(107)
3
0
0
2
0
1
1
1
2
0
Ⅰ.命题原则表——高考就考这些点
着眼点
具体思考点
词法
动词
时态、语态、非谓语动词、情态动词与虚拟语气
名词
可数不可数、单数还是复数、是否需用所有格
代词
主格与宾格、人称与物主、人称与反身、各种不定代词
形容词、副词
原级、比较级、最高级
冠词
不定冠词、定冠词还是零冠词
介词
基本用法、固定搭配
词性误用
形容词与副词、形容词与名词、名词与动词
句法
连词(并列连词和从句引导词)、主谓一致、there be句型与特殊句式
行文逻辑
时态一致、指代一致、逻辑一致
Ⅱ.解题意识原则表——答题就按此法办
短文改错10处错误,设错方式是有规律的,一般情况下,多、缺词2~3个,错词7~8个,做完题后,可按此规律进行查验,见下表:
类型
总数(10)
常考点
多、缺词
2~3
be的各种形式、介词、冠词、不定式符号、三大从句引导词、代词、副词、固定搭配中的
虚词
错词
7~8
并列连词、三大从句引导词、动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词等
Ⅲ.规范解题原则表——做题牢记四原则
改动处以最少为原则
实词以改变词形为原则
虚词以添加或删除为原则
以保持句子原意不变为原则
短文改错题要求每句最多有两处错误。改动的方法可以是增词、删词或换词,但无论作何种改动,只能是增加一词、减少一词或将一个词改成另一个词。
在短文改错题中,一般只是改变实词的形式,而不能改变实词的词义,也不能将其改换成另一个实词,更不能随便增删。
历年的短文改错题中需要添加或删除的地方有2至3处。这些需要添、删的词一般都是虚词(如冠词、介词等),不是实词(如动词、名词等),否则会改变句子的原意。
做短文改错题时,一般不应改变句子原意。改错时,应该针对短文中的用词错误、语法错误、逻辑错误加以改正,不应更改作者的原意,做到“换词不改意,加词不增意,去词不减意”。如有多种改法,应以保持原意为条件,择其最佳者而从之。
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加,删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
①I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident.②One afternoon where I was in primary school,I was walking by the school playground.③Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me.④I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground.⑤To everyone's surprising,the ball went into the net.⑥All the football player on the playground cheered loudly,say that I had a talent for football.⑦From now on,I started to play my football with classmates after school.⑧I am a good player now.
◆[第一步] 浏览全文,整体把握
把握文章的主要时态、人称及文章的主旨大意,顺便标记自己一眼就能看出的错误。
◆[第二步] 逐句细读,各个击破
※动词误用
第⑥句:句中的say与其逻辑主语是主谓关系,且其表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生,应用现在分词作状语,表示伴随状况。
答案:__say改为saying__
※形容词和副词误用
第①句:短语become interested in意为“对……感兴趣”。interesting“有趣的,吸引人的”,通常描述事物。interested“感兴趣的”,通常描述人的感受。本句主语是人。
答案:__interesting改为interested__
第④句:副词hardly意为“几乎不”,而hard作副词讲时,意为“用力地”。此处表示“我用力把球踢回操场”。
答案:__hardly改为hard__
第⑦句:此处表示“从那时起”,应用from then on。
答案:__now改为then__
※连词误用
第②句:本句含有一个定语从句,先行词为One afternoon,且引导词在从句中作时间状语,应用关系副词when。
答案:__where改为when__
第③句:考查逻辑关系。连词but表示转折,而此处表示两个动作的顺序,故用并列连词and。
答案:__but_改为and__
※冠词误用
第③句:football“足球”是可数名词,且其发音以辅音音素开头,故需加不定冠词a表示泛指。
答案:__在football前加a__
※代词误用
第⑦句:考查代词。动词play与球类名词连用时,名词前不加冠词或代词。
答案:__删除my__
※名词误用
第⑤句:短语to one's surprise意为“使某人惊讶的是”,one's之后应接名词。
答案:__surprising改为surprise__
第⑥句:句中的player“运动员”为可数名词,且all之后应用名词复数。all the football players“所有的足球运动员”。
答案:__player改为players__.
◆[第三步] 重读全文核实答案
1.做题时严格按照示范规定的符号改错。
2.牢记短文改错解题五原则:
(1)忠实于原文原则(不可改变原文意义);
(2)一对一原则(一错一词);
(3)错误以对改动最少为原则;
(4)虚词以添加或删除为原则;
(5)实词以改变形式为原则。
3.谨记短文改错四不改原则;
(1)单词拼写不改;(2)大小写不改;
(3)词序错误不改;(4)标点符号不改。
一、词法类误用
谓语动词误用
解题
攻略
一看时态:考生要结合句意和时间状语的提示,找准语境中动作发生的时间信息;结合时态的基本用法和时间信息确定用何种时态。
二看语态:分清及物动词和不及物动词,明晰主谓语之间的逻辑关系。牢记常考的不及物动词,并且正确判断动作的对象以及时态、语态的构成形式是正确解题的关键。
典
例
1
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.
[分析] 此处讲的是我小时候的事,应用一般过去时,故is改为was。
典
例
2
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts.
[分析] 文章着重讲自己的梦想——打算开一家咖啡馆,故时态为一般现在时。故required改为requires。
典
例
3
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)About one month after this photo was took,I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club.
[分析] “was took”是一个明显的错误,根据this photo 与take之间的被动关系可判定用被动语态“be+done”,而take的过去分词为taken,故将took改为taken。
非谓语动词误用
解题
攻略
1.判断非谓语动词在句中所充当的成分。
2.找到非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
3.判断主谓或动宾关系。
4.意义上表示目的时要用动词不定式;表示顺其自然的结果时要用动词ing形式;表示出乎意料的结果时,要用动词不定式。
典
例
1
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Now my dream is to opens a cafe.
[分析] 分析句子结构可知,此处为动词不定式在句中作表语。故opens改为open。
典
例
2
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.
[分析] 介词后常接v.ing形式作宾语,故manage改为managing。
典
例
3
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Everyone was silent,wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.
[分析] 由句子结构可知,逗号前为完整的句子,其后的句子以动词wait开头,中间无连词,所以应用wait的非谓语动词形式;又知wait...aloud部分在句中作伴随状语,wait与其逻辑主语Everyone之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词形式。故wait改为waiting。
典
例
4
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity;others were nervous and anxious.
[分析] be eager to do sth.为固定搭配,表示“渴望做某事”。故在eager后加to。
典
例
5
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As a kid,I loved to watch cartoons,but no matter how many times I asked to watching them,my parents would not let me.
[分析] ask to do sth.表示“请求做某事”为固定结构。故watching改为watch。
典
例
6
(全国卷Ⅱ)Comparing with letters and public phones,mobile phones and the Internet are faster and much more convenient.
[分析] 句意:和信件、公用电话相比,手机和网络更快更方便。Compared是过去分词作状语。compared to/with...“和……相比”。故Comparing 改为Compared。
形容词和副词误用
解题
攻略
形容词用来描述人和事物的性质或特征,在句中作定语、表语、补语或状语。其作状语时可置于句首或句尾,用来描述主语的状态或特征;而副词作状语修饰整个句子时一般用来表明说话者的观点或态度。短文改错中常出现混用,以及比较等级与原级的混用等。
典
例
1
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)First,I wanted to be a fireman,whose uniform looked so coolly.
[分析] look在此是系动词,其后接形容词作表语。故coolly改为cool。
典
例
2
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor.
[分析] amazing意为“令人惊讶的”,常用来说明物;amazed意为“(感到)惊讶的”,常用来说明人。根据语境,故amazing改为amazed。
典
例
3
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one.
[分析] 根据句中的an和cafe可知,此处应用形容词,在句中作定语。故ordinarily改为ordinary。
典
例
4
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)At that moment,I remembered that my father once said,“The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks,and mistakes as well.”Immediate,I raised my hand.
[分析] 此处为副词作状语,故Immediate改为Immediately。
典
例
5
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I had done my homework,but I was shy,I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.
[分析] 由语境可知此处无比较含义,故用原级。故larger改为large。
名词和冠词误用
解题
攻略
1.名词类错误:(1)单复数错用;(2)所有格的错用
2.冠词类错误:(1)a与an的错用;(2)不定冠词与定冠词的错用;(3)冠词的缺失与多余
典
例
1
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Since I was a kid,I've considered different job I would like to do.
[分析] job“工作”为可数名词,其前的different说明此处为复数概念,故用job的复数形式,故job改为jobs。
典
例
2
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.
[分析] 根据语境中的many以及city作“城市”讲时为可数名词可知,此处应为名词复数。故city改为cities。
典
例
3
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.
[分析] unique发音以辅音音素开头,应用冠词a。故an改为a。
典
例
4
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)When I was little,Friday's night was our family game night.
[分析] 名词作定语,往往表明被修饰名词的时间、地点、类别、目的、用途、材料或来源等。名词所有格作定语则强调与被修饰的词的所有关系或表示逻辑上的主谓关系。此处表示“星期五晚上”,并不是所有关系。故Friday's改为Friday。
典
例
5
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As the kid,I loved to watch cartoons,but no matter how many times I asked to watch them,my parents would not let me.
[分析] 句意:作为一个孩子,我喜欢看卡通片,但不管我怎样请求,我的父母都不让我看。根据句意可知,此处表示“作为一个孩子”,a用在单数名词前表示泛指,the表示特指。故the改为a。
介词和数词误用
解题
攻略
1. 数词在高考短文改错中主要考查基数和序数词的误用及年龄和年代的表达法
2. 2.考生受汉语思维影响极易在不及物动词后漏加介词,高考短文改错常在此处设题。此外,动词、形容词与介词构成的短语,如be fit for,以及复合介词短语,如according to中介词的漏用也是考生的易错点。在备考过程中考生要善于总结和记忆介词的固定搭配。
典
例
1
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Then,when I was in the five grade,I wanted to be a teacher because I like my English teacher very much.
[分析] 此处表达的是“我在读五年级时”,应用序数词。故five改为fifth。
典
例
2
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When I studied chemistry high school,I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor.
[分析] in/at high school是固定短语,在此作状语。故在high前加in/at。
典
例
3
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)I want my cafe have a special theme such as like “Tang Dynasty”.
[分析] 句中such as已表“像,例如”,故like多余。故删除like。
典
例
4
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.
[分析] 表示“和某人玩……”习惯用play...with sb.;for them表示“为他们”,语义不对。故for 改为with。
典
例
5
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday,I took driving lessons.
[分析] 句意:暑假时,在我过了18岁生日后,我参加了驾照课程。根据语境可知,此处指我第18个生日,应用序数词。故eighteen改为eighteenth。
二、句法类错误
主谓一致误用
解题
攻略
主谓一致主要分为语法一致、逻辑意义一致以及就近一致三种。对于主谓一致这个语法点来说,了解和掌握各种一致的基本原则是关键,掌握了基本的用法之后就像套数学公式一样代入即可。
典
例
1
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)At that moment,I remembered that my father once said,“The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks,and mistakes as well.”
[分析] 考查主谓一致。该句是直接引语,为一般现在时,主语that为单数,故谓语动词用第三人称单数。故include改为includes。
典
例
2
(浙江卷)He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us.
[分析] 主语是we;谓语动词应该使用复数。故was改为were。
从属关联词误用
解题
攻略
高考短文改错主要考查定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句和强调句型的关联词的误用。首先确定是什么从句,再则注意从句中是否缺失成分。
典
例
1
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.
[分析] 由句子结构可知,此处引导定语从句,且在定语从句中作主语,先行词为environment,用that或which。故what改为that/which。
典
例
2
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
[分析] 此处表示当我还是个孩子的时候,是时间状语从句而非地点状语从句。故where改为when。
典
例
3
(2018·北京卷改编)She and her family bicycle to work,that hepls them keep fit.
[分析] 由句子结构可知,逗号前面的内容意义完整,逗号后应为非限制性定语从句。句意:她和家人骑车上班,这一点有助于他们保持健康。that不可用于引导非限制性定语从句。故that改为which。
三、逻辑类错误
连词类错误
解题
攻略
并列连词用来连接表示同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词、短语或句子。此类题并不难,考生做题时除了要牢固掌握并列连词的基本含义外,最关键的一步是要分析清楚句子间的逻辑关系,看是表示转折、并列,还是因果关系等。
典
例
1
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)When I studied chemistry in high school,I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor.
[分析] 两个分句之间为顺承关系,并非选择关系,故or改为and。
典
例
2
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)At the end of our trip,I told my father that I planned to return every two years,but he agreed.
[分析] 句意:在旅行结束后,我告诉爸爸我打算每两年回来一次,爸爸同意了。根据句意可知,此处应该是表示顺承关系而不是转折关系。故but改为and。
典
例
3
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Everyone was silent,waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.
[分析] 句意:每个人都沉默着,等着看看谁会被叫起来去大声读他或她的文章,此处应该为选择关系。故and改为or。
典
例
4
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Before getting into the car,I thought I had learned the instructor's orders,so once I started the car,my mind went blank.
[分析] 根据句意可知,作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练的命令,结果一发动车,脑中一片空白。前后文为转折关系,故so 改为but/yet。
典
例
5
(全国卷Ⅰ)Though not very big,but the restaurant is popular in our area.
[分析] 从属连词though不可与并列连词but连用。故去掉but。
代词误用
解题
攻略
代词具有性别之分,考生可依据行文逻辑和代词所指代的对象确定代词的性别,不同的代词对应不同的性别,并与所指代的对象在人称和数上保持一致。短文改错常就此设题,故意设置代词所指代的对象与代词的性别、人称和数不吻合的试题,要求考生识别并加以改正。
典
例
1
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment that is created for them.
[分析] 句中反身代词要与主语保持一致,故yourselves改为themselves。
典
例
2
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I had done myself homework,but I was shy.
[分析] 由句子结构可知,此处存在短语do one's homework,表示做功课。故myself改为my/the。
典
例
3
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.Still I was unwilling to play the games with them sometimes.
[分析] 根据语境可知,此处表示“他们会对我(me)说”。故us改为me。
[小题夯基练]
单句改错(每句一错)
1.She demanded that I did something else with that money.________________
解析:did→do [demand“要求”后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,即从句中的谓语动词要使用“should+do”的形式,其中should可以省略。故did改为do。]
2.Tony was scared and begun to cry.________________
解析:begun→began [句中and 为并列连词,连接两个并列的谓语动词,and后应该是与was时态一致的谓语动词,故begun改为began。]
3.I agree that getting my own place and becoming independence are two important ways for me to preserve privacy.________________
解析:independence→independent [此处becoming为系动词,意为“开始变得,变成”,后接形容词作表语。故independence改为independent。]
4.If we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books.________________
解析:knowledges→knowledge [句意:如果到国外旅行,我们既能开阔视野又能获得从书本上得不到的知识。knowledge作“知识”讲时,通常情况下为表示抽象意义的名词,且不可数。故knowledges改为knowledge。]
5.(2020·东北三省三校二模)Compared with other jobs,teaching is hard and the pay is low.But to me,what a great fun it is to be with children!________________
解析:去掉a [句意:与其他工作相比,教学是困难的,薪水也很低。但对我来说,和孩子们在一起多么有趣啊!fun是不可数名词,前面不能用不定冠词。故去掉a。]
6.(2020·湖北鄂东南联考)By the time Kenny,16,reached his three year of high school,he had become vice president of his school's cooking club.________________
解析:three→third [句意:当16岁的肯尼上高中三年级时,他已经成为学校烹饪俱乐部的副主席。分析句子结构可知,此处表示在高中第三年,故three 改为third。]
7.It is essential to take a useful summer vacation after the exam.There are many kinds of activities for us to take part.________________
解析:part后加in [take part in 为固定搭配,意为“参加”。此处表示我们有各种各样的活动可以参加。activities是动词不定式to take part in所表示动作的承受者,故在part后加in。]
8.(2019·郑州二检)When we got to the mountain top,that started snowing again.________________
解析:that→it [此题考生容易把that改为which。句意:当我们到达山顶时,天又开始下雪了。分析句子结构可知,本句为主从复合句,且此处指天气,故that改为it。]
9.Immediate,I raised my hand.________________
解析:Immediate→Immediately [词法错误。放于句首,作句子状语,要用副词。]
10.At first,I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself.________________
解析:yourself→myself [句意为:起初,我认为我什么都知道,可以自己拿主意。根据主语I可知,应用 myself。]
11.There exist now a park that has a small river running through.________________
解析:exist→exists [此句为倒装句,主语为“a park”,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故exist改为exists。]
12.After waiting for an hour,Katia went home,felt lonely and miserable.________________
解析:felt→feeling [句子的谓语是“went home”,故feel的动作是伴随动作,且与主语Katia之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作伴随状语。故felt改为feeling。]
13.It's said that much of the energy producing in the world today is wasted。________________
解析:producing→produced [句意为:据说当今世界(人们)制造的能源有很多都被浪费掉了。应该用produce的过去分词修饰energy作定语,表示被动和已完成的动作。故producing改为produced。]
14.Do you know the reason that he didn't attend the meeting?________________
解析:that→why [reason后的从句为定语从句,引导词在从句中作原因状语,修饰先行词the reason,故that改为why。]
15.What is even more important is what the earth cooled down,and water began to appear on its surface.________________
解析:第二个what→that [分析句子结构可知,What is even more important 为主语从句,the earth cooled down,and water began to appear on its surface句子成分完整,故应用that 引导表语从句,在从句中不作成分。故第二个what改为that。]
[大题提能练]
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下面画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
A
Dear Ms Smith,
I am Li Hua.I am writing to ask a severalhour leave.I was to give a speech to welcome a group of American visiting teachers on Wednesday morning.I am terrible sorry to tell you that I can't come to attend at your class.How a pity!Perspectives on American Literature are always my favourite course.I do hope you can excuse my absence.As to the lessons to be missing,I wonder if it is possible for them to be recorded so that I can listen to it later.Or I will just read my classmate's notes and making them up as soon as possible.
Your permit will be appreciated.Thanks a lot!
Yours,
Li Hua
答案:
1.解析:第二句中的ask后加for [ask for “请求,要求”此处指请几个小时的假,故ask后加for。]
2.解析:第三句中的was→am [与全文时态一致用一般现在时,be to do表示将要做某事,故was 改为am。]
3.解析:第四句中的terrible→terribly [此处修饰形容词sorry 用副词,指非常抱歉,故terrible改为terribly。]
4.解析:第四句中attend后的at去掉 [句中attend 是及物动词,后面直接加宾语,此处指上课,故删除attend后的at。]
5.解析:第五句中的How→What [感叹句中how用来感叹形容词或副词,what用来感叹名词。此处pity 是名词用what感叹,故How改为What。]
6.解析:第六句中的are→is [句中主语Perspectives on American Literature是一门课程,谓语用单数。故are 改为is。]
7.解析:第八句中的missing→missed [句中lessons和miss之间是被动关系,此处是不定式的被动形式,to be+过去分词,故missing改为missed。]
8.解析:第八句中的later前的it→them [此处指代lessons是复数,故it改为them。]
9.解析:第九句中的making→make [用在助动词will后和and 前的read并列,也用动词原形。故making改为make。]
10.解析:第十句中的permit→permission [物主代词your修饰名词,此处指你的允许,故permit改为permission。]
B
An English traveller found him in a northern European country with a little money to buy the ticket.It would take him only two days get to England.He found that he would be all right with food.He closed his ear to the lunch bell.When dinner time comes,he refused to go to the dining hall say that he was not feeling well.At dinner time he was very hungry that he could not stand it any longer.At dinner he ate everything in the front of him at the table,but felt the coming trouble.“Bring me the bill,”he said.“There isn't any bill,sir,”answered the waiter,“On the ship the money for the ticket include meals.”
答案:
1.解析:第一句中的him→himself [一般来说,如果句子主语和宾语为同一人/物,则宾语用反身代词,故用himself。]
2.解析:第二句中的get前加to [It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.为固定句型,意为“花费了某人多长时间做某事”。]
3.解析:第三句中的with→without [从整个语篇来看,这位旅客是没钱买食物,因此此处是指他认为没食物也可以,故用without。]
4.解析:第四句中的ear→ears [此处是指两只耳朵,故用复数形式。]
5.解析:第五句中的comes→came [根据主句谓语动词refused,可判断此处也应该用一般过去时形式。]
6.解析:第五句中的say→saying [此句中谓语动词为refused,故可判断此处要填say的非谓语形式;另外,he和say构成主动关系,故改为saying。]
7.解析:第六句中的very→so [“so...that”结构表示“如此……以至于”,so后跟形容词或副词,that后引出结果状语从句。]
8.解析:第七句中的front前的the去掉 [in front of指在某物的前方,in the front of是指在某物的内部靠前的地方。]
9.解析:第七句中的but→and [句意:在晚餐时,他把他面前的所有东西都吃了,感觉到了即将到来的麻烦。根据句意可知此处要用并列关系。]
10.解析:最后一句中的include→includes [根据句子成分可知,include的主语为money,故用第三人称单数形式。]
C
Good teachers are like candles that gives warmth and light to students.
Miss Wang is one of the good teacher of mine.I can still remember that cold morning when I was walking to school alone as usually.A motorbike knocked me down and race off.I was left on the icy ground,cried loudly.It was Miss Wang who sent me to nearest hospital.Besides,she went to the hospital to help me with the missed lessons every day.The moment when I think of it,I'll feel warm.But I'd like to be a good teacher like him in the future.
答案:
1.解析:第一句中的gives→give [定语从句中的谓语动词要与定语从句所修饰的先行词candles保持一致,故用give。]
2.解析:第二句中的teacher→teachers [one of+代词宾格或名词复数。]
3.解析:第三句中的usually→usual [as usual为固定搭配,意为“像平常一样,像往常一样。”]
4.解析:第四句中的race→raced [此处动作应该和and前的knocked保持一致,故用一般过去时。]
5.解析:第五句中的cried→crying [此处为分词作伴随状语,cry与其逻辑主语I构成主动关系,故用现在分词形式。]
6.解析:第六句中的nearest前加the [此处指最近的医院,和最高级连用,故用定冠词the。]
7.解析:第七句中的missed→missing [missing意为“漏掉的;遗漏的”。]
8.解析:第八句中去掉moment后的when [当the moment作连词意为“一……就”时前不能加介词,后不能加连词。]
9.解析:第九句中的But→And/So [句意:一想到这件事,我就会感到温暖。我希望将来能成为像她这样的好老师。根据句意前后两句存在顺承关系或因果关系。]
10.解析:第九句中的him→her [根据前面的Miss Wang,可知此处需要把him改为her。]
D
(2020·南阳一模)Last year,I spent my summer holiday at my uncle's home in Beijing,which I stayed for nearly one month.I visited some betterknown places of interest such as the Forbidden City.What interested me most was explore several top universities,including the Peking University.Deeply attracted by the beautiful sceneries and academic atmosphere,I found myself greatly inspire to study hard.Additionally,one of the most interesting but meaningful things was to teach my cousin to learn English.Even though we had much difficulty at first,neither of us improved much in knowledge and patience.I indeed enjoyed that summer holiday,which have benefited me a lot from life and study ever since.
答案:
1.解析:第一句中的which→where [先行词为地点Beijing,在从句中作状语,故用where。]
2.解析:第二句中的betterknown→wellknown [此处无比较意思,故用原级形式。]
3.解析:第三句中的explore前加to [be+动词不定式表示按计划或安排要做的事。]
4.解析:第三句中Peking前的the 去掉 [Peking University为专有名词,故去掉前面的定冠词the。]
5.解析:第四句中的sceneries→scenery [scenery是“风景”的总称,没有复数形式。]
6.解析:第四句中的inspire→inspired [此处宾语和inspire之间存在被动关系。]
7.解析:第五句中的but→and [此句中interesting和meaningful构成并列关系。]
8.解析:第六句中的neither→both [指我和表妹两人,且是肯定句式。]
9.解析:第七句中的have→has [从句的主语为that summer holiday,故把have改为has。]
10.解析:第七句中的from→in [此处意思为:那个暑假让我在生活和学习上受益匪浅。根据句意,故把from改为in。]
E
(2019·衡水二模)Ten years ago,I was lucky enough to have an opportunity to study in England as a international student.I went to one of the most famous school there.On the first day,I was such nervous that I felt my heart beaten wildly.I was afraid to express to myself,because I have never communicated with strangers in English before.Therefore,my teacher said I had to introduce me in front of the class.As soon as the first word flew out my mouth,I felt relaxing immediately.I was happy I finally made it.It's a special day,which I will never forget.
答案:
1.解析:第一句中的a→an [international是以元音音素开头的单词,用不定冠词an。故将a改为an。]
2.解析:第二句中的school→schools [“one of+名词复数”是固定短语,表示“……之一”。故将school改为schools。]
3.解析:第三句中的such→so [such是形容词,修饰名词,nervous是形容词,修饰形容词用副词so。]
4.解析:第三句中的beaten→beating [feel接复合宾语,beat作宾语补足语,与宾语my heart是主动关系,用现在分词表示主动关系。]
5.解析:第四句中去掉express 后的to [express oneself“表达自己”,express是及物动词,接宾语无需加介词。故去掉myself前的to。]
6.解析:第四句中的have→had [句意:我害怕表达自己,因为我以前从来没有与陌生人用英语交流过。根据时间状语before可知,“communicate”这一动作发生在“was afraid”之前,因此推断表示“过去的过去”发生的动作,用过去完成时,用had+过去分词。]
7.解析:第五句中的Therefore→However [句意:我害怕表达自己,因为我以前从来没有与陌生人用英语交流过。然而我的老师说我必须在全班同学面前介绍自己。前后文是转折关系,不是因果关系。故将Therefore改为However。]
8.解析:第五句中的me→myself [主语和宾语表示同一人或事物,宾语用反身代词。故将me改为myself。]
9.解析:第六句中out后加of [out of意为“从……中出来”,句意:第一个词一从我嘴里出来,我立即感到很放松。]
10.解析:第六句中的relaxing→relaxed [relaxing表示被修饰语的特征,意思是“令人放松的”;relaxed表示被修饰语的感受,意思是“感到放松的”。此处表示“我感到放松的”。故将relaxing改为relaxed。]
F
(2019·永州三模)Last Saturday,our class paid the visit to the Welfare Centre for children in our city.On our arrival,we donated some gift to the kids,which made them very pleased.Then we did what we could help them.Some swept and tidied their rooms.Some play games with them.And others told interesting stories to them.The day passed quickly after we knew it.
Honestly speaking,though tired,they were much happier than ever that day.The reason is that when we help with others,we also get something more importantly.Therefore,show your love and care,or our society will be more beauty and more harmonious.
答案:
1.解析:第一句中的第一个the→a [固定搭配:pay a visit to参观,访问,故把the改为a。]
2.解析:第二句中的gift→gifts [句意:我们一到达就捐赠了一些礼物。some后面可以跟不可数名词或可数名词复数,gift礼物,可数名词,故把gift改为gifts。]
3.解析:第三句中could 后加to [句意:为了帮助他们,我们尽力做我们能做的事情。此处是动词不定式作目的状语,故在help前加to。]
4.解析:第五句中的play→played [根据Last Saturday可知句子用一般过去时,故把play改为played。]
5.解析:第七句中的after→before [句意:我们不知不觉地过了一天。根据句意,故把after改为before。]
6.解析:第八句中的they→we [句意:说实在的,虽然累了,但那天我们比过去幸福得多。根据上下文可知应该把they改为we。]
7.解析:第九句中删除with [help为及物动词,后面直接加宾语。]
8.解析:第九句中的importantly→important [句意:理由是我们帮助他人的时候我们得到了更重要的东西。此处是形容词修饰不定代词放在不定代词后面。]
9.解析:第十句中的or→and [固定句式:祈使句或名词词组+and/or+表示将来的陈述句。句意:展示你的爱和关怀,我们的社会将会更加美丽,更加和谐。此处表示并列的递进关系,故把or改为and。]
10.解析:第十句中的beauty→beautiful [be 为系动词,后跟形容词作表语。]