2020浙江高考英语二轮讲义：专题五层级二作文策略第一讲　靓化词汇——学会运用高级表达



书面表达是高考浙江卷的重要试题。本板块精研真题，引领考向；高考真题感悟与模拟题演练相互加力，讲解与练习环环相扣，帮助考生高效备考，轻松增分。



年份
考查点
词数
考纲解读
2019.6
第一节
感谢信
80左右
　　浙江属于高考综合改革实验省份，实行一年两考。依据《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语科考试说明(高考综合改革试验省份试用第一版)》可知，2016年10月份开始的浙江英语新高考与自主命题的浙江卷写作部分发生了重大变化。其变化就是由原来的短文改错和书面表达变成了应用文写作和读后续写或概要写作两篇作文。
第一篇是应用文写作。此题型对于考生来说并不陌生，因为我们在平常的学习中经常接触到这方面的内容。常考的应用文有：书信、日记、海报、倡议书、电子邮件、发言稿、感谢信、建议信、求职信、推荐信、自荐信、邀请信、申请书、通知、招聘、请假条、留言条、启事、欢迎词、欢送词、告别词和广告等。纵观近几年的高考题，信件居多。
第二篇是读后续写或概要写作。《考试说明》上明确表示：“两种形式在不同考次不定期交替使用”。
第二节
概要写作
60左右
2018.11
第一节
求助信
80左右
第二节
概要写作
60左右
2018.6
第一节
申请信
80左右
第二节
读后续写
150左右
2017.11
第一节
邀请信
80左右
第二节
读后续写
150左右
2017.6
第一节
邀请信
80左右
第二节
读后续写
150左右
进入二轮复习，如果想让作文在短时期内有一个质的飞跃，编者认为，那只是一个美好的憧憬而已。写作是一个人语言基本素养的流露，是综合能力的显现，非一朝一夕之功，但这并不等于写作水平已定型，无提升空间。因为英语写作的能力要求远低于汉语写作的能力要求，如果针对自己的薄弱环节训练得当、措施得力，是完全能够在短期内提升一个档次的。
层级一　审题准，表达清
高考作文阅卷， 时间紧、任务重，一篇作文往往在一分钟内被判“生死”。要想赢得高分，首先要赢得阅卷老师的“印象分”。审题偏颇、错误百出的作文会让阅卷老师大倒胃口，阅卷老师会毫不怜悯地将其打入低分冷宫。所以，写作要想取得高分，先要把写作基础抓稳。
一、准审题——为写作定好基调
审题是写作的前提，是一篇书面表达成功的关键所在。审题正确可以保证得到基本分，所以真正开始写作前，必须花相当一部分时间做写前阅读、思考等准备工作，具体包含以下几方面：
审体裁
根据情景提示首先要弄清写何种体裁的文章
审格式
日记、便条、书信、通知等格式
审结构
明确开头、正文和结尾的主要内容，定好段落
审内容
弄清哪些是写作重点，哪些要略写，并注意内容的连贯性
审人称
和时态
弄清书面表达要用何种人称并根据材料确定短文的基本时态
“提纲类作文”之审题
[典例]　(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)假定你是校排球队队长李华。请写封邮件告知你的队友Chris球队近期将参加比赛，内容包括：
1．比赛信息；
2．赛前准备；
3．表达期待。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[审题]　提纲类作文的审题要点：要注意合理组织要点，将题干中的要点和所给提纲中的要点进行有机地结合，切记不要遗漏题干中的重要信息。
[分析]

体裁
告知信
人称
第一人称为主
时态
一般现在时和一般将来时
结构与内容
第一段
告知队友比赛信息



第二段
赛前准备



第三段
表达期望



[参考范文]
Dear Chris，
Are you excited about our coming volleyball game against Yucai Middle School next Friday? Here I’d like to inform you of some detailed information so that you can make full preparations for it.
First and foremost, the competition to be held in our school stadium will begin at 2 pm and last for roughly 3 hours. So significant is the game that it is required that everyone should present themselves punctually. Further, it is necessary for you to take a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you. To sum up, I wish you could live up to the expectations of our school. And I firmly believe hard work will pay off!
Looking forward to our victory!
Yours truly，
Li Hua
二、准表达——把内容表达清楚
写作中一旦出现较多错误，会导致语意不清、表达不明，阅卷老师潜意识中会认为该考生基本功较差、能力较弱，给阅卷老师留下这样的印象，作文有可能要比想象中的低一档。写作中考生常犯两类错误：一是惯性错误，就是考生在不经意间习惯性犯的错误，这类错误不但常犯而且还是阅卷老师比较敏感的错误，一旦出现这类错误，往往会被“放大”；另一类就是由于使用高级表达而导致的错误。
(一)惯性错误要避免
1．动词类错误
动词的种类有很多，从不同角度可分为实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词，也可分为谓语动词和非谓语动词等。
(1)实义动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。写作中常出现的错误有：①及物动词后加了介词；②不及物动词后少了介词。
(2)系动词be在写作中非常活跃，但要用好be动词却不是一件容易的事。常见错误有：①不及物动词用be动词构成了被动语态；②该含有be动词的句子出现遗漏be动词的情况。
(3)助动词和情态动词不能单独作谓语，写作中常见错误主要是倒装句中少用了助动词或情态动词。
(4)谓语动词与非谓语动词的误用是考生最易出错的地方。需注意：谓语动词作谓语，包括时态、语态、主谓一致、虚拟语气；非谓语动词可作除谓语以外的其他成分。
2．并列连词与从句引导词类错误
并列连词与从句引导词是考生容易出错的地方，下面主要介绍常见的一些错误类型。
(1)考生易受汉语干扰导致状语从句中从属连词的重复使用。例如汉语中可以说“因为……所以……”和“虽然……但是……”，但在英语中用一个连词即可表示，用了though/although，就不能再用but；用了because，就不能再用so，therefore等词。
(2)写作中经常用同位语从句给文章增添色彩，但是引导词that的缺失却令这种色彩暗淡了不少。
(3)表语从句的一个易错点是高级表达The reason why...was that...中that的误用，考生容易误用because。
(4)非限制性定语从句中误用that在作文中经常会见到，用which表示人的状况也是屡见不鲜。
(二)高级表达中出现低级错误太遗憾
在阅卷中，阅卷老师常为这样一类卷摇头叹息，无论是从要点的呈现、表达的优美还是衔接的顺畅等方面来看该类卷都近乎完美，应该给高分甚至满分，但偏偏有几处瑕疵给本应完美的习作徒添了些许不和谐的音符，甚至有点刺眼，从而影响了阅卷老师的好心情。阅卷老师为了稳妥起见，在阅卷中尽量避免争议卷的出现，会“惋惜”地扣掉一些分数。因“低级错误”而影响高级得分，岂不遗憾！
层级二　低档作文如何升级为五档作文，策略告诉你
书面表达得分较低的学生的写作特点：1.只使用简单的词或短语； 2.句式单一，单句较多； 3.缺乏承上启下的词语和句子； 4.不会使用从句； 5.不会正确运用谓语动词或短语； 6.不会使用倒装和强调句型。
高考书面表达侧重考查考生的语言运用能力，这就要求考生能够正确运用高级的词汇和语法结构并能够熟练运用句与句之间的连接成分以使行文流畅。因此， 平时的写作训练中，要学会恰当地运用高级句式和过渡语，使文章“闪亮登场”。
第一讲　靓化词汇——学会运用高级表达
英语书面表达第五档作文中提到：语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致。换句话说，如果考生使用高级词汇或句型，即使犯了少量或轻微的语言错误，也可不扣分，文章还是属于最高档次。因此，为了让文章档次高，首先要学会使用高级词汇。
高级词汇的使用能够给文章增添色彩和画面感。它会大大提升文章的档次，从而帮助考生获得高分。要做到准确使用高级词汇，应该注意以下几个方面：
一、使用亮点词汇的4种策略
　“语”众不同，避免人云亦云
写作时恰当得体地使用别人可能想不到的词汇或表达，会给阅卷老师耳目一新的感觉。
①(2019·北京卷书面表达)I’m very glad to know that you’re coming to tour in China.
→I’m more than delighted to know that you’re coming to tour in China.
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I hope you can consider my application and allow me to be a volunteer.
→I hope you can take my application into consideration and allow me to be a volunteer.
③(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)So I can serve as a volunteer to show the visitors around the gallery and I am sure that I am fit for the job.
→So I can serve as a volunteer to show the visitors around the gallery and I am convinced that I am qualified for the job.
④(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)As a result, enough preparation is urgently needed, including practice, nutrition and a perfect plan.
→As a consequence, adequate preparation is urgently needed, including practice, nutrition and a perfect plan.
⑤(2019·天津卷书面表达)I want to make my voice heard.
→I feel an urge to make my voice heard.
⑥Only when you do more reading and writing can you succeed in improving your English.
→Only when you do more reading and writing can you make it in improving your English.
⑦To our great joy, not only are our classes lively and appealing, but our school life is also rich and colorful.
→To our great joy, not only are our classes lively and attractive, but our school life is also rich and colorful.
⑧(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Great changes have taken place in our school in the last few years. And the news came that a short film will be shown in our school.
→Our school has witnessed great changes in the last few years. And word came that a short film will be shown in our school.
　更新换代，避免重复
写作时应尽量避免重复使用相同的词语，要用贴切多样的词语来展示自己的水平。用词不同、表达方式迥异，也是高级用法。
①(2018·天津卷书面表达)On hearing the news, some of my classmates and I formed a group to take part in the competition. I know you once took part in a robotics competition and won the award, so you must have accumulated much experience in it.
→On hearing the news, some of my classmates and I formed a group to take part in the competition. I know you once participated in a robotics competition and won the award, so you must have accumulated much experience in it.
②(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Moreover，we will build a new stadium and with the stadium built，a wide range of sports events are able to be held.
→Moreover，we will build a new stadium and with the stadium set up，a wide range of sports events are able to be held.
③(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)The team will hold many activities，some of which will appeal to you，including many matches.
→The team will hold a range of activities，some of which will appeal to you，including many matches.
　词汇运用，短语优先
当单词和短语表示同一个意思时，优先使用短语。恰当使用短语，一方面能使文章更加生动，另一方面也能展示出学生扎实的语言功底。
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Besides, I know English and I can express myself fluently and clearly, which helps me communicate with our distinguished guests efficiently.
→Moreover, I have a good command of English and I can express myself fluently and clearly, which helps me communicate with our distinguished guests efficiently.
②(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)For one thing, I know Chinese painting well, for my father is a Chinese painter.
→For one thing, I am quite familiar with Chinese painting, for my father is a Chinese painter.
③(2018·天津卷书面表达)We desperately need your help.
→We are desperately in need of your help.
④(2018·北京卷书面表达)Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which proved to be extremely rewarding.
→Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned out to be extremely rewarding.
　用高级词汇取代简单词汇
为了表现自己的语言功底，显示出自己的写作水平，应避免反复使用低年级学过的简单词汇，尽量使用高中阶段学到的词汇来代替。
①(2018·北京卷书面表达)If you take my advice you are sure to have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.
→So long as you take my advice you are bound to have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.
②(2017·天津卷书面表达)Second，I am trying my best to acquire the essential knowledge and skills concerning my position.
→Second，I am sparing no effort to acquire the essential knowledge and skills concerning my position.
③(全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)I should say sorry for being unable to go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.
→I should make an apology for being unable to go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.
二、写作的秘密武器——24个高级词汇

名词
普通词汇
高级词汇
普通词汇
高级词汇
chance
opportunity
choice
alternative
idea
opinion
people
individual
result
consequence
effect
influence
动词
have
possess
replace
substitute
bear
put up with
understand
make sense of
develop
promote
consider
take into account
形容词
enough
adequate
rich
abundant
proper
appropriate
important
vital/ significant
interesting
absorbing/ appealing
difficult
challenging
副词
finally
eventually
hardly
barely
immediately
in a flash
nowadays
currently
连词
so
therefore
and
as well as
①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)It is of importance for you to understand the content，Tang poetry.
→It is of importance for you to make sense of the content，Tang poetry.
→It is of importance for you to be aware of the content，Tang poetry.
②(2017·北京卷书面表达)That’s why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.
→That’s why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better alternative.
③In the coming three years，our school life will be difficult.
→In the coming three years，our school life will be challenging.
三、写作的顶级装备——27个加分词汇

表达关注的名词
attention, focus, concern
表达争论的名词
discussion, debate, argument
表达现象的名词
phenomenon
表达优缺
点的名词
advantage, disadvantage, strength, weakness　
表达增长或
下降的动词
increase, accumulate, decrease, decline　
表达导致后
果的动词短语
result in, lead to, bring about, contribute to, give rise to
表达支持、反对
的动词短语
approve of, be in favor of, object to
表达可能性
的形容词
likely
表达有好处
的形容词
beneficial
表达强调的副词
particularly, especially
①The picture shows a common phenomenon these days.
这幅图显示了这些日子的一个常见现象。
②The Internet has brought about many changes in the workplace.
网络给工作场所带来了很多变化。
③Our teacher is likely to get angry when she sees the dirty floor.
我们的老师看到地面这么脏时，可能会发火。

请用高级词汇替换下列句子中的加黑部分
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Now I will inform you of some detailed information to help you fully prepare for it.
答案：make__full__preparations__for
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)You are welcome to give performances too.
答案：as__well
3．(2018·天津卷书面表达)We were so interested in the competition that we formed a group to take part in it.
答案：keen__on
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September.
答案：more__than
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)So，please spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty，which will help you prepare for your class.
答案：Therefore;__make__preparations__for
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)In order to get a better understanding of Tang poetry，I advise you to learn some brief history of the Tang Dynasty in advance.
答案：acquire
7．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)The craftsmen will show visitors how to cut paper into different shapes on the spot.
答案：various/a__range__of
8．(2017·天津卷书面表达)Firstly，the final exam of this term is coming so I am busy preparing for it.
答案：To__begin__with;__around__the__corner
9．(全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)My job application form and personal resume have been prepared and I sincerely hope you can help me correct them.
答案：polish
10．The teacher directed the gifted students towards the more difficult courses.
答案：challenging
习作升级练习
假定你是李华，你想邀请你的朋友John在周六晚上去看科幻电影The Wandering Earth，请用英语给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1．发出邀请；
2．介绍电影(主题：保护人类共同的地球家园；观众评价等)；
3．请求回复。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
[考生作文]
Dear John，
I know that you are interested in science fiction, so I’d like to invite you to see a film this weekend.
The Wandering Earth is being shown these days. Its purpose is to save the earth and protect our common home. Viewers describe it as a breakthrough of the Chinese film industry and it has received many positive reviews so far. Shall we go to watch the film if you are free? How about this Saturday evening? Please contact me when you are free so that I can book the tickets ahead of time.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
[我来提升]
1．将文中加黑词汇升级
(1)purpose→aim
(2)many→a__wide__range__of
(3)free→available
(4)when you are free→at__your__earliest__convenience
(5)ahead of time→in__advance
2．将文中加黑句式升级
(1)Knowing__that__you__are__interested__in__science__fiction,__I’d__like__to__invite__you__to__see__a__film__this__weekend.(分词作状语)
(2)The__Wandering__Earth__is__being__shown__these__days,__whose__aim__is__to__save__the__earth__and__protect__our__common__home.(定语从句)
[参考范文]
Dear John，
Knowing that you are interested in science fiction, I’d like to invite you to see a film this weekend.
The Wandering Earth is being shown these days, whose aim is to save the earth and protect our common home. Viewers describe it as a breakthrough of the Chinese film industry and it has received a wide range of positive reviews so far. Shall we go to watch the film if you are available? How about this Saturday evening? Please contact me at your earliest convenience so that I can book the tickets in advance.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua