2021高考英语人教版一轮教师用书：第二部分 语法专题十一、名词性从句
展开十一、名词性从句
考点一 名词性从句的种类
1.主语从句
it作形式主语,常见的句型有:
(1)It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,important,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that从句。
(2)It+be+名词词组(no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that从句。
(3)It+be+过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句。
It is important that this mission (should) not fail.
这项使命不失败至关重要。
(4)It +不及物动词(seem,appear,happen,matter等)+ that从句
It doesn’t matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。
2.表语从句
(1)because引导的表语从句强调原因,而why引导的表语从句强调结果。
If I’m a bit sleepy,it’s because I was up all night.
如果我有点困,是因为一夜没睡。
That’s why I object to the plan.
这就是我反对这个计划的原因。
(2)由as if/as though引导的表语从句
Now it was as though she had known Millie for years.
现在好像她认识米莉已有好多年了似的。
3.宾语从句
(1)形式宾语it:在动词find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有宾语补足语的时候则需要用it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。
I think it necessary that we take plenty of water every day.
我认为我们每天多喝水是有必要的。
(2)有些动词不能直接跟宾语从句,需要借助形式宾语it。常见的动词有like,dislike,hate,love,enjoy,appreciate等。
He hates it when people use his bike.
他讨厌别人用他的自行车。
4.同位语从句
(1)分隔式同位语从句
The news got about that he had won a car in the lottery.消息传开说他中彩得了一辆汽车。
(2)同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句是对前面名词的内容进一步解释、说明,引导词that只起引导作用,在句中不作任何成分,一般不可省略。定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰、限制,引导词在句中作一定的句子成分。
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
他们赢得比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。(同位语从句,进一步解释the news的内容)
The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing.
你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(定语从句,它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”)
that,what引导名词性从句的区别:
that引导名词性从句,在从句中不作任何成分,that本身无意义,只起连接作用。what引导名词性从句时,在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语等,what表示“……的东西或事情”。请比较:
What I need is more time.(what引导主语从句,在从句中作宾语)
That I need more time to do the work is very clear.(that引导主语从句,在从句中不作任何成分)
The village is no longer what it used to be.(what引导表语从句,在从句中作表语)
I had no idea what we should do next.(what引导同位语从句,在从句中作宾语)
He will tell us what he saw in London.(what引导宾语从句,在从句中作宾语)
考点二 whether/if(是否)引导的名词性从句
1.whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换,但下列情况常用whether,不用if。
(1)与or或or not连用时只能用whether。
(2)从句作介词宾语时只能用whether。
I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.
我担心他是否能熬过这次疾病的关键时刻。
2.在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。
It remains to be seen whether the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.
新组成的委员会制定的政策是否能实施还有待观察。
考点三 what,wh-ever引导的名词性从句
1.what引导名词性从句时,what在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
“Every time you eat a sweet,drink green tea.”This is what my mother used to tell me.
“每次你吃糖的时候要喝点绿茶。”这是我妈妈过去常常告诉我的事情。
2.“疑问词+ever”可引导名词性从句,在从句中要充当一定的成分。whoever与whatever表泛指,意为“无论谁”,“无论什么”;whichever表示在特定范围内选择,意为“无论哪一个/哪一些”。
Whoever wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.
任何一个想要住旅店的人都必须自己付钱。
“疑问词+ever”还可以引导让步状语从句。如:
Whatever you say,I will not believe you.(让步状语从句)
无论你说什么,我都不相信。
但“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。
1.While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada.(2019全国Ⅰ)
2.What students do at college seems to matter much more than they go.(2019北京)
3.Scientists have obtained more evidence plastic is finding its way into the human body.(2019江苏)
4.I’m not sure is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.(2018全国Ⅲ)
5.Without his support, we wouldn’t be we are now.(2018北京)
答案及剖析:
1.that 考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知,主句为there be句型,且结构完整,空格后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence的具体内容,故填that。
2.where 考查名词性从句。学生在大学里做什么似乎比他们去哪里上大学更重要。根据句意以及句子结构可知,此处用where引导宾语从句。
3.that 考查同位语从句。句意:科学家已经获得更多证据证明塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分,且与evidence指代的是同一事件,用that引导同位语从句。
4.who 考查宾语从句的连接词。句意:我不确定谁更害怕,是我还是那只雌猩猩……故填连接代词who。
5.where 考查表语从句。句意:假如没有他的支持,我们是不会在现在这个位置的。where表地点。“ we are now”是表语从句,结合句子的意思可知,该处指我们所处的位置,故该从句应用where引导。
单句语法填空
1.The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.(2018天津)
2.You have to know you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
3.People crowd into cherry trees are blooming,appreciating the fresh spring sight.
4.The same boiling water softens the potato and hardens the egg.It’s about you’re made of,not the circumstances.
5.Bob made a promise to the manager the work would all be finished on time.
6.I was going to pay by cash when it suddenly occurred to me I had left my purse at home.
7.The manager put forward a suggestion we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.
8.Your support is important to our work.You can do helps.
9.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust.
10.As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
答案及剖析:
1.whoever 句意:无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名,金牌将授予他。分析句子可知,宾语从句中缺少主语,故用whoever,表示“任何人,无论谁”。
2.where 考查宾语从句。You have to know后面是一个宾语从句。句意:如果你要计划好去某地的最佳方案,你必须知道要去哪里。故用where引导宾语从句。
3.where 句意:人们涌向樱花盛开的地方,欣赏清新的春光。从句作介词into的宾语,且从句缺少地点状语。
4.what 句意:同样的沸水使土豆变软,使鸡蛋变硬。这事关你是由什么构成的,而不是环境。本句为表语从句,从句中缺少宾语,指代事物,故用what。
5.that 考查同位语从句。句意:鲍勃向经理保证将按时完成工作。分析句子结构可知,此处为同位语从句,从句成分完整,用that解释promise的内容,只起连接作用,无实义。
6.that 考查主语从句。it作形式主语,that从句为真正主语。句意:我正要付现金,突然想起我把钱包忘在家里了。句型it occurred to sb.that...意为“某人突然想起某事”。
7.that 考查同位语从句。句意:经理提出一个建议,我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容,而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导,that不作成分,只是起着连接的作用。
8.whatever 考查宾语从句。helps是宾语从句的谓语。在主句中,do后缺少宾语,因此用whatever引导。
9.that 考查表语从句。句意:雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语,即表语从句,表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语,因此用that,只起引导作用。
10.how 考查名词性从句。how引导宾语从句,表示要弄清楚到底土坯房的墙需要“多”厚。
