2021版新高考地区选考化学（人教版）一轮复习教师用书：本章必刷题——易错题排查落实

本章必刷题——易错题排查落实重要化学方程式的书写(是离子反应的写离子方程式)1．碳及其化合物(1)SiO2和C的反应________________________________________________________________________；(2)Mg在CO2中燃烧________________________________________________________________________；(3)向澄清石灰水中通入过量CO2气体________________________________________________________________________；(4)CO2与C反应________________________________________________________________________；(5)C与H2O(g)反应________________________________________________________________________。答案：(1)SiO2＋2CSi＋2CO↑(2)2Mg＋CO22MgO＋C(3)OH－＋CO2===HCO(4)CO2＋C2CO(5)C＋H2O(g)CO＋H22．氯及其化合物(1)Cl2和H2O的反应________________________________________________________________________；(2)Cl2和NaOH溶液的反应________________________________________________________________________；(3)Cl2和石灰乳的反应________________________________________________________________________；(4)将Cl2通入Na2SO3溶液中________________________________________________________________________；(5)将Cl2和SO2混合通入水中________________________________________________________________________；(6)将Cl2通入氢硫酸溶液中________________________________________________________________________；(7)将浓盐酸和MnO2混合加热________________________________________________________________________；(8)电解饱和食盐水________________________________________________________________________；(9)将浓盐酸与漂白液混合________________________________________________________________________；(10)向KMnO4固体中滴加浓盐酸________________________________________________________________________。答案：(1)Cl2＋H2OH＋＋Cl－＋HClO(2)Cl2＋2OH－===Cl－＋ClO－＋H2O(3)Cl2＋Ca(OH)2===Ca2＋＋Cl－＋ClO－＋H2O(4)Cl2＋SO＋H2O===SO＋2H＋＋2Cl－(5)SO2＋Cl2＋2H2O===4H＋＋2Cl－＋SO(6)Cl2＋H2S===S↓＋2H＋＋2Cl－(7)MnO2＋4H＋＋2Cl－Mn2＋＋Cl2↑＋2H2O(8)2Cl－＋2H2OCl2↑＋H2↑＋2OH－(9)Cl－＋ClO－＋2H＋===Cl2↑＋H2O(10)2MnO＋16H＋＋10Cl－===2Mn2＋＋5Cl2↑＋8H2O3．硫及其化合物(1)S溶于热的烧碱溶液________________________________________________________________________；(2)将H2S气体通入CuSO4溶液中________________________________________________________________________；(3)Na2S溶液在空气中放置变浑浊________________________________________________________________________；(4)铜和硫单质的反应________________________________________________________________________；(5)将SO2气体通入氢硫酸中________________________________________________________________________；(6)将少量H2S气体通入FeCl3溶液中________________________________________________________________________；(7)SO2通入溴水中，使溴水褪色________________________________________________________________________；(8)用足量氨水吸收SO2尾气________________________________________________________________________；(9)Cu和浓硫酸的反应________________________________________________________________________；(10)C和浓硫酸的反应________________________________________________________________________；(11)固体Na2SO3和70%的浓硫酸的反应________________________________________________________________________。答案：(1)3S＋6OH－2S2－＋SO＋3H2O(2)H2S＋Cu2＋===CuS↓＋2H＋(3)2S2－＋O2＋2H2O===2S↓＋4OH－(4)2Cu＋SCu2S(5)SO2＋2H2S===3S↓＋2H2O(6)H2S＋2Fe3＋===S↓＋2Fe2＋＋2H＋(7)SO2＋Br2＋2H2O===SO＋2Br－＋4H＋(8)2NH3·H2O＋SO2===2NH＋SO＋H2O(9)Cu＋2H2SO4(浓)CuSO4＋SO2↑＋2H2O(10)C＋2H2SO4(浓)CO2↑＋2SO2↑＋2H2O(11)Na2SO3＋H2SO4(浓)===Na2SO4＋H2O＋SO2↑4．氮及其化合物(1)N2和H2的反应________________________________________________________________________；(2)将NH3通入水中________________________________________________________________________；(3)实验室利用NH4Cl和Ca(OH)2固体混合加热制备NH3________________________________________________________________________；(4)NH3的催化氧化________________________________________________________________________；(5)向NH4HCO3溶液中加入过量稀NaOH溶液________________________________________________________________________；(6)NO2溶于水________________________________________________________________________；(7)NO2被烧碱溶液吸收生成两种钠盐________________________________________________________________________；(8)物质的量之比为1∶1的NO和NO2混合气体恰好被烧碱溶液吸收生成一种钠盐________________________________________________________________________；(9)C和浓硝酸的反应________________________________________________________________________；(10)浓硝酸见光分解(写化学方程式)________________________________________________________________________；(11)Fe与过量稀硝酸反应________________________________________________________________________。答案：(1)N2＋3H22NH3(2)NH3＋H2ONH3·H2O(3)2NH4Cl＋Ca(OH)22NH3↑＋2H2O＋CaCl2(4)4NH3＋5O24NO＋6H2O(5)NH＋HCO＋2OH－===NH3·H2O＋CO＋H2O(6)3NO2＋H2O===2H＋＋2NO＋NO(7)2NO2＋2OH－===NO＋NO＋H2O(8)NO＋NO2＋2OH－===2NO＋H2O(9)C＋4H＋＋4NOCO2↑＋4NO2↑＋2H2O(10)4HNO3(浓)4NO2↑＋O2↑＋2H2O(11)Fe＋4H＋＋NO===Fe3＋＋NO↑＋2H2O