2021届高三英语人教版一轮新高考复习学案：必修5Unit1　Greatscientists



三言
两语
1.Born in America，in June，1880，Helen Keller was one of the greatest women in the 20th century.
2．Stephen Hawking was famed for his work with black holes and relativity，and wrote several popular science books including A Brief History of Time.
3．Beethoven began learning the violin and piano when he was only 5，and by the time he was 8 he was giving public concerts.
1.他全身心地投入工作，经常工作到午夜，而没有时间为自己着想，一心只为中国人民着想。
He put all his heart into the work and always worked until midnight，having no time to think about himself，but only the Chinese people.
2．他的人格魅力在于一个简单的事实：对帮助别人他从不犹豫。
His charming personality lies in a simple fact that he never hesitates to help others.


[单词　拼写应用]
核
心
单
词
1.defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫n.失败
2．expert adj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的
n．专家；行家
3．attend vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加
4．absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心
5．blame vt.责备；谴责
n．过失；责备
6．link vt.& n．连接；联系
7．positive adj.积极的；肯定的；确实的
8．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的
9．foresee vt.预见；预知
10．handle n．柄；把手
vt.处理；操纵
11．cure n．治愈；痊愈
vt.治愈；治疗
12．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光
13．suspect_ vt.认为；怀疑
n．被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Absorbed(absorb) in painting，John didn't notice evening approaching.
2．Not knowing what was wrong with his car，Martin decided to ask an experienced man to_handle(handle) the problem.
3．Suspecting (suspect) the traveler of carrying drugs，the Customs official stopped him and let him open his suitcase，but found nothing at all.
4．Few analysts foresaw (foresee) that oil prices would rise so quickly.
5．Knowing that you show great interest in Chinese cluture，I'd like to invite you to_attend(attend) the exhibition with me.
拓
展
单
词
1.challenge n．挑战 vt.向……挑战→ challenging adj.挑战性的
2．caution n．小心；警告→cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的
3．pollute vt.污染；弄脏→ pollution n．污染
4．instruct vt.命令；指示；教导→ instruction n．说明；传授→ instructions (pl.)用法说明；指示；命令
5．conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出→ conclusion n．结论；结束
6．contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助；投稿→ contribution n．贡献
7．reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃→ rejection n．拒绝；抛弃
8．science n．科学→ scientific adj.科学的→ scientist n．科学家
9．announce vt.宣布；通告→ announcement n．通知；宣告
10．certain adj.确实的；肯定的→ certainty n．确信；确实→ certainly adv.确定；肯定
11．construct vt.建设；修建→ construction n．建设；建筑物
12．responsible adj.有责任的；负责的→ responsibility n．责任；负责
[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空
1．It was concluded that he didn't tell us the truth.I came to the conclusion that he lied.(conclude)
2．She has_contributed a lot of money to the school and she has made a great contribution to education.(contribute)
3．The great bridge under construction is designed by Chinese engineers and it will take about a year to construct the large bridge.(construct)
4．I was bored with my job and felt I needed a new challenge．Last week I got a new job in a big firm, and I found it very challenging．(challenge)
5．In class, our English teacher often instructs us to improve our reading ability and his instruction makes a difference to our English learning.(instruct)
6．The river is polluted and noise is another kind of serious pollution here.(pollute)
阅
读
单
词
1.characteristic n．特征；
特性
2．analyse vt.分析
3．physician n．医生；内科
医师
4．victim n．受害者
5.outbreak n．爆发；发作(尤指疾病或战争)
6．enquiry n．询问
7．neighbourhood n．附近；邻近
8．pump n．泵；抽水机
vt.(用泵)抽(水)
9.firework n．烟火(燃放)
10．chart n．图表
11．backward adv.& adj.向后地(的)；相反地(的)；退步地(的)
12．universe n．宇宙；世界


1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)His office is located at the Xiangshan campus of the university in Hangzhou，Zhejiang Province.Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.作品；创作
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)On every single move you have to analyze a situation，process what your opponent is doing and evaluate the best move from among all your options.(棋子的)移动；走棋
3．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home.制成物；作品

[短语　多维应用]
高频短语
1.put forward提出
2．draw a conclusion得出结论
3．expose ...to使显露；暴露
4．link...to...将……和……联系或连接起来
5．apart from除……之外；此外
[语境运用]　(填入一个适当的词)
From some cases，we drew ①the conclusion that we should close the window and lock the door in time.Apart②from it，we also put③forward several suggestions，one of which was that you should not expose this information ④to anyone when out.These suggestions would certainly cure us of the bad habits so that we could prevent such cases happening again.
6.be enthusiastic about 热衷于；对……充满热情
7．make sense讲得通；有意义
8．(be) strict with...对……严格的
9．contribute to有助于；捐献；导致
10．be to blame应受责备
11．look into调查
[语境运用]　(填入一个适当的词)
As an astronomer，I am enthusiastic ⑤about your new theory about the solar system.The following reason contributed ⑥to my suggestion.The present theory doesn't make ⑦sense，for we cannot conclude that the earth is the centre of the universe.So I sincerely hope you can publish your new theory.
[句式　结构仿写]
教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1.every time作连词，引导时间状语从句
So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
(浙江卷)每次他忙完一天的工作到家时，我们都在门口迎接他。
Every time he arrived home at the end of the day，we'd greet him at the door.
2.have sth.done使某事被做……
A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
别担心，他将会尽力按时完成工作的。
There is no need to worry.He will try to have his work finished on time.
3.only ＋状语从句置于句首的倒装句
Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
(湖南卷)只有你找到内心的平静你才能和他人相处得好。
Only when you can find peace in your heart will you get on/along well with others.


1.conclude vt.& vi.断定；推断出；结束；终止
(1)conclude
conclude...with...以……结束……
(2)conclusion n．结论；结束
draw/come to/arrive at/reach a conclusion得出结论
make a conclusion 下结论
in conclusion 最后；作为结论地；总之

conclude a bargain成交；达成协议
conclude his speech by wishing everyone a safe trip home以祝大家归途平安结束了讲话

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(浙江卷)When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it with important points.
②(四川卷)In conclusion, I like everything in spring, especially the feelings bathed in the rain and sunshine.
③(上海卷)We will have a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.
[链接写作]——一句多译
我从我自己的经历中得出结论：有志者，事竟成。
①I drew/reached/came to a conclusion from my own experiences that where there is a will there is a way.(conclusion)
②I concluded from my own experiences that where there is a will there is a way.(conclude)
2.expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临
expose...to...使……显露/暴露于/接触到……
(be)exposed to...暴露于……；处于……危险中

expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible
让孩子尽量多地接受艺术和文化的熏陶

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(辽宁卷)I am repeatedly exposed to the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas.
②a.There are more than 740 million Chinese exposed(expose) to second­hand smoking in public places now.
　b．Be careful when you deal with this chemical, as it will explode when exposed(expose) to sunlight.
③Some people think we shouldn't expose the children to computer games.
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
(普通表达)If you expose yourself to (把自己暴露在)the sunlight for too long, you will get your skin harmed.
(高级表达) Exposing yourself to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.(动名词短语作主语)
3. absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；并入，吞并；理解，掌握
(1)absorb one's attention吸引某人的注意力
(2)absorbed adj.精神集中的
be absorbed in 专心致志于；全神贯注于
(3)absorbing adj.十分吸引人的；引人入胜的

be deeply absorbed in work专注于工作
absorb new knowledge/information掌握新知识/新信息

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(北京卷)When something did interest me, I could become absorbed(absorb)．
　b．The novel was so absorbing(absorb) that she read on without a break even forgetting food and sleep.
② (北京卷)When deeply absorbed (absorb) in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
(普通表达)Tom was absorbed in (专心致志)watching the basketball match and he didn't notice his classmate coming up to him.
(高级表达)Absorbed in the basketball match，Tom didn't notice his classmate coming up to him.(分词短语作状语)
[名师点津]　be absorbed in sth.结构在句中作状语、定语时，常用其过去分词形式absorbed in...。类似的结构还有：be lost in...陷入……，专心致志于……；be caught in...被困在……；be buried in...埋头于……；be devoted to...致力于……，专心于……；be occupied in/with...忙于……；be involved in...专注于……。
4.blame vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于 n．过失；责备
(1)blame sb.for sth.因某事而责备某人
blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人身上
be to blame (for...) 应承担责任； 该受责备
(2)take the blame for...＝be responsible for...对……负责
put the blame for sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人身上

bear the blame承担责任
blame the accident on dangerous driving
把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(广东卷)Once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser.
②(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock.
③It was the professor rather than his assistant that was to blame (blame) for what had happened in the lab.
[链接写作]——句式升级
因为被指责要为学校电脑网络的崩溃负责，艾丽斯的情绪很低落。
(普通表达)Alice was in low spirits because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network.
(高级表达)Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits.(分词短语作状语)
[名师点津]　be to blame for sth.意为“应为某事负责或受指责”，其中不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
5.contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助；导致；投稿
(1)contribute to 有助于；促成；为……做贡献
contribute...to/towards...向……捐献……；向……投稿
(2)contribution n. 贡献
make a contribution to/make
contributions to对……做出贡献

contribute ￡5，000 to the earthquake fund
向地震基金捐赠了 5 000 英镑
contribute a number of articles to the magazine
给这家杂志投了很多稿

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(2018·江苏卷)Arts contribute to cultural development when people gather together to share their experience and renew their energy.
　b．(江苏卷)It is more meaningful to contribute books and sports goods to children in need.
②(辽宁卷)Your contribution (contribute) will certainly make the event a huge success.
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
(普通表达)He made such a great contribution to (做出如此大的贡献) the university that the new library was named after him.
(高级表达)Such a great contribution did he make to the university that the new library was named after him.(倒装句)
6.put forward 提出(建议)；推荐；将……提前；将(钟表等)向前拨
put aside 节省；储蓄；储存；留出
put away 放好；积蓄
put off 延期；推迟
put out 熄灭；生产
put up 举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿
put up with 容忍；忍受
put through 接通电话；完成；使经受
put down 放下；写下
[基础练习]——写出下列句中put forward的含义
①Can I put your name forward for club secretary？推荐/提名
②I think he is fit for the position，therefore，I'll put him forward as a candidate.推荐
③Put your watch forward；it's five minutes slow.拨快
④They have put forward the date of their wedding by one week.将……提前
[链接写作]——完成句子
①鼓励孩子们存下一部分零花钱来购买新年礼物。
Encourage children to put aside some of their pocket money to buy New Year presents.
②玛丽真的很擅长在课堂上做笔记。她几乎能记下老师说的每一句话。
Mary is really good at taking notes in class.She can put down almost every word her teacher says.
7.make sense 有意义；有道理；讲得通
(1)make sense of 了解……的意义；懂得
in a sense 在某种意义上
common sense 常识
in no sense 决不(用在句首时，句子用部分倒装)
(2)There is no sense in doing sth.(口语)做某事是没有道理的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(天津卷)See, your computer has broken down again！It doesn't make sense to buy(buy) the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
②There is no sense in complaining(complain)．We should take action now.
③In no sense should you lose heart; keep trying and your effort will pay off in time.
[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达) There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly understand them at all.
(高级表达)There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make sense of them at all.
8.[教材佳句]Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不知道其起因，也不知道它的治疗方法。
[句法句式]句中neither...nor...“既不……也不……”，连接句中两个相同成分，连接主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则。
—
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
②a.Neither I nor Jane and Mary are(be) tired of having one examination after another.
　b．(湖南卷)Either you or one of your students is(be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
[链接写作]—— 句式升级
(普通表达)Henry won't see a film tonight.His girlfriend Helen won't, either.
(高级表达)Neither Henry nor his girlfriend Helen will see a film tonight.(neither...nor...)

多维训练——夯实基础
维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空
1．Children, when exposed (expose) to an English­speaking atmosphere, will pick up the language much more easily.
2. Absorbed (absorb) in her work, she didn't realize it was time for her to pick up her daughter.
3．We discussed the problem many times, but still could come to no conclusion (conclude)．
4．The police had figured out the cause of the traffic accident and it was the driver of the lorry that should be to blame (blame)for it.
5．Neither my wife nor I myself was (be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind and finally she joined in the game.
维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词
6．(2017·江苏卷)Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
7．(2018·天津卷)The training schedule, apart from regular training, includes joining in a variety of activities, such as participating in some national competitions.
8．The underground is under construction here at present and will be completed in 2022.
9．It was Stephen Hawking that put forward a theory about black holes.
10．Only after I read the poem a second time did I make sense of it.
维度3——查缺补漏
11．Always read the instructions (instruction) on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.
12．(2017·江苏卷)Many Chinese brands, having developed their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges (challenge) from the modern market.
13．As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to handle (handle) the problem.
14．It's reported that the astronauts will carry out a series of scientific (science) experiments in space.
15．When the detective looked into the case, he was threatened by an unknown man.
语篇练习——提升能力
提能一　单元话题语篇练
根据P2—3教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式
John Snow was a famous doctor in London, who was so expert that he 1.attended (attend) Queen Victoria as her personal physician.But he was famous for 2.defeating (defeat) “King Cholera”．
Cholera was a 3.deadly (dead) disease and neither its cause 4.nor its cure was understood.John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve the problem.He suspected that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.So when another severe outbreak hit London, he began his enquiry.He found that many victims 5.linked (link) to the outbreak were near the water pump, so he had the handle 6.removed (remove)．Soon afterwards the disease slowed down.He drew 7.the conclusion that the polluted water was 8.to blame (blame)．
The water 9.companies (company) were instructed not to expose people 10.to polluted water any more.Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.
提能二　单元话题写作练
1．补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①在历史的长河中，科学家为这个世界做出了巨大的贡献。
Throughout history, scientists have made great contributions to the world.
②我认为，科学家就是那些在工作中严格要求自己及总是专注于他们所从事的每件事的人。
As far as I'm concerned, scientists are those who are strict with themselves in their work and are always absorbed in everything they do.
③科学家们对他们得出的每个结论都非常谨慎。他们反复做实验来检验他们提出的理论。
Scientists are very cautious of every conclusion they draw and they do experiments again and again to test the theory they have put forward．
④科学家们都牢记这一点：一个理论如果无法帮助世人从所陷入的不可预料的困境中解脱出来的话，就没有意义。
Scientists keep in mind that a theory makes no sense if it can't benefit the world that is exposed to unexpected dangers.
⑤科学家们耗尽一生的心血，只为找到这样的一个理论。
Scientists devote all their life to their research in order to find such a theory.
2．升级平淡句
(1)用unless升级句④
Scientists keep in mind that a theory makes no sense unless it can benefit the world that is exposed to unexpected dangers．
(2)用so that改写句⑤
Scientists devote all their life to their research so that they can find such a theory．
3．衔接成美文
Throughout history, scientists have made great contributions to the world. As far as I'm concerned, scientists are those who are strict with themselves in their work and are always absorbed in everything they do. Scientists are very cautious of every conclusion they draw and they do experiment again and again to test the theory they have put forward. Scientists keep in mind that a theory makes no sense unless it can benefit the world that is exposed to unexpected dangers. Scientists devote all their life to their research so that they can find such a theory.