2021届高三英语人教版一轮新高考复习学案：选修8Unit3　Inventorsandinventions



三言
两语
1.The journey to outer space and other planets is not a dream any more.
2．Modern medicine prolongs people's life and relieves patients of sufferings from many diseases.
3．However，the process of scientific development also arouses many severe problems to our human beings.
1.科技的发展使得我们的生活更加舒适、方便。
The development of science and technology makes our life more comfortable and convenient.
2．如果非要放弃其中之一的话，我会选择关闭电视而不会关闭手机或切断网络。
If I had to give up one of them, I would turn off the TV rather than switch off my cellphone or cut off the Internet.


[单词　拼写应用]
核
心
单
词
1.distinguish vi.&vt.显示……的差别； 使……有所不同； 辨别
2．seize vt.抓住； 捉住；夺
3．bear vt.忍受；忍耐；负担
4．claim n．& vt.要求；声称；主张
5．forehead n．额头
6．tap vt.&vi.轻打；轻拍；轻敲
n．轻轻地敲击(声)；(水)龙头
7．merry adj.愉快的；高兴的
8．practical adj.实际的；实践的；实用的
9．invaluable adj.无价的；极宝贵的
10．product n．产品
[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空
1．In my opinion，only by facing difficulties bravely and seizing (seize) opportunities can one succeed.
2．Your suggestion sounds reasonable and practical (practice)．I think it deserves to be discussed at the next meeting.
3．The country is at peace and the people go merrily_(merry)to their work.
4．The suspect tapped (tap) the table nervously with fingers to hide his fear inside.
5．He's too young to_distinguish(distinguish) right from wrong，and needs your guidance.
拓
展
单
词
1.mercy n．宽恕；仁慈→merciful adj.宽大的；慈悲的；仁慈的→merciless adj.残忍的；无情的
2．convenient adj.便利的；方便的；就近的→convenience n．方便；便利
3．caution n．小心；谨慎→cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的→cautiously adv.小心地；谨慎地
4．expect v．预料；期待；期望；认为→expectation n．预料；期待；期望
5．recognize vt.认出；识别；承认→recognition n．认出；认可；承认
6．freeze v．冰冻→freezing adj.冰冻的；严寒的→_frozen adj.冻结的
7．innocent adj.清白的；天真的；无罪的→innocence n．天真；清白
8．occasion n．时机；机会；场合→occasional adj.偶然的 →occasionally adv.偶然地；不时地
9．associate vt.联想；联系 n．同伴；伙伴→association n．联系；联盟；协会
10．abrupt adj.突然的；意外的→abruptly adv.突然地；唐突地
[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空
1．He is a cautious man and is always doing things with caution．You should get on with him cautiously．(caution)
2．You can visit Professor Li when it is convenient,_that is, at his convenience．(convenient)
3．In western countries, the number “thirteen” is usually associated with bad luck, but actually there isn't any association between them.(associate)
4．He is such a merciful man and always has mercy on those homeless animals but sometimes he can be merciless to those he doesn't like.(mercy)
5．The dog wagged its tail in expectation of a bone but was expected to go out.(expect)
6．It is freezing outside now, and more snow is falling on already frozen streets.(freeze)
阅
读
单
词
1.patent n．专利证书；专利权
2．stable adj. 稳固的；_稳定的；_安定的
3．cube n．立方体；立方
4．passive adj.被动的；消极的；被动语态的
5.valid adj.有效的；确凿的
6．ripe adj.熟的；成熟的
7．rainfall n．降雨
8．jam n．堵塞；阻塞；果酱

9．dynamic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的；发展变化的
10．version n．版本；译本
11.competence n．能力；胜任；本领
12．personnel n．人力资源；人事部；全体人员
13．string n．线；绳子；一串
14．file n．文件；档案；文件夹
vt.提交；将……归档
15．identification n．鉴定；辨认；确定；身份证明


1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)The likables' plays­well­with­others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump­start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work.开放，发掘
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)He turned up at the hospital bearing gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy.携带

[短语　多维应用]
高频短语
1.call up给……打电话；使想起
2．now and then偶尔；有时
3．dive into一心投入；迅速把手伸入
4．ring off挂断电话
5．hang on不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住
[语境运用]　(填入一个适当的词)
Xiao Ming always dreams of inventing a new mobile phone that doesn't do harm to people's eyes.He dives ①into his dreaming invention after school every day.Now ②and then he calls ③up to consult his science teacher on some questions.His teacher never rings④off until Xiao Ming gets a satisfying answer.
6.set about doing开始；着手(做)
7．set out (to do)开始(做)
8．out of order次序颠倒；发生故障
9．get through设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过
10．ring back回复电话
[语境运用]　(填入一个适当的词)
Last year，Xiao Ming set ⑤about designing his new mobile phone after he figured out all the puzzling problems.He did get ⑥through a lot of pains during his work.To his regret，the phone he is using now is often ⑦out of order，especially when he rings others ⑧back．How he hopes to invent his new phone earlier！
[句式　结构仿写]
教材原句背诵
句式仿写应用
1.so ...that ...引导结果状语从句
The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.
她那么努力以至于英语取得了很大的进步。
She is so hard­working that she has made great progress in English.
2.祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句
Follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.
(2018·浙江卷)给我一次机会，我决不会辜负你的期望。
Give me a chance, and I'll live up to your expectations.


1.distinguish vi.& vt.辨别；显示……的差别；使……有所不同
(1)distinguish between...and...区分/辨别……和……
distinguish...from...把……与……区分开来
(2)distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的

distinguish between good and evil分清善恶
distinguish facts from rumours辨别事实和传闻
distinguish himself by winning 4 prizes因获得4个奖项而名声大噪

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Reading good books enriches our mind and teaches us to distinguish(distinguish) between right and wrong.
②(2019·北京卷) This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
③(2018·浙江卷)No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished (distinguish) writer.
[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)The Chinese Nation which is distinguished for its diligence and courage has attracted the attention from the world.
(高级表达)Distinguished for its diligence and courage, the Chinese Nation has attracted the attention from the world.(过去分词短语作状语)
2.bear(bore，borne) vt.忍受；忍耐；负担；生育
(1)can't bear sb.doing/to do sth.不能忍受(某人)做某事
(2)bear/keep sth.in mind 记住某事
bear/keep in mind that...记住……

bear your weight承受重量
bear a heavy burden承担重任
bear the responsibility/blame承担责任

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Do parents have to bear(bear) the whole cost of tuition fees?
②Bearing (bear) a heavy burden, she has to work hard to bring up her children.
③—Why did Bob cry?
—He couldn't bear being laughed/to be laughed (laugh) at before the whole class.
[链接写作]——词汇升级
(普通表达) (福建卷)My mother often reminds me to remember that failure is the mother of success.
(高级表达)My mother often reminds me to bear/keep in mind that failure is the mother of success.
[名师点津]　bear 作“忍受”讲时，其后跟动名词作宾语，表示习惯性的动作；也可接不定式作宾语，表示某一次具体动作，且多与can, could或be able to连用。
3.associate vt.联想；联系 n．同伴；伙伴
(1)associate sb./sth.with sb./sth.把……和……联系在一起
be associated with...和……有关
(2)association n．联合；联想；交往；协会；团体
in association with...与……合伙/合作

business associates生意伙伴
an associate editor/professor副主编/副教授

[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care.
②(江苏卷)Team leaders must ensure that all members get over their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated (associate) with making mistakes.
③We are working in association (associate) with a local company to raise money for the homeless.
[链接写作]——一句多译
有很多严重的健康问题与吸烟有关。
①There are many serious health problems which are associated with smoking．(定语从句)
②There are many serious health problems associated with smoking．(分词短语作定语)
4.call up 给……打电话；使……回忆起
call at 拜访(某个地点)
call on/upon 拜访(某人)；号召
call for 需求；需要；去接(某人)
call in 邀请；请来
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·江苏卷)Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which calls for a clear road map and timetable.
②(湖北卷)As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village called up scenes of my childhood.
③(江西卷)The Ministry of Education calls on/upon students to exercise for an hour every day.
[链接写作]——完成句子
(山东卷)关于友谊的这句谚语使我想起了去年我经历的一件难忘的事。
The saying concerning friendship calls up one unforgettable thing that I went through last year.
[名师点津] 　与“打电话”有关的短语：①ring up给……打电话；②ring/call back回复电话；③ring off 挂断电话；④give sb.a ring/call 给某人打电话；⑤hang/hold on不挂断电话。
5.get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过；度过；用完；耗尽
get across 被理解；使人了解
get away with 被放过；受到从轻发落
get down to 着手认真做某事
get over 克服
get on 进展；进步
get in 收获
[基础练习]——写出下列句中get through的含义
①(湖北卷)I've been trying to phone Charles all evening，but there must be something wrong with the network；I can't seem to get through.打通电话
②Luckily，the gap in the fence was just wide enough for the sheep to get through.通过
③The little boy got through all his money in just one week and had to ask his mom for some more.用光
④Let's start—there is a lot to get through.完成
[链接写作]——完成句子
①(江西卷)不管怎样，我们现在在这儿，那就让我们着手做些要紧的活吧。
Anyway, we're here now, so let's get down to some serious work．
②(重庆卷)当我们陷入困境时，我们的朋友总会伸出援助之手， 帮助我们渡过难关。
Our friends lend us a hand when we are in trouble and help us get through difficult situations．
[名师点津]　常考的“动词＋through”短语：go through检查；经历；look through浏览；仔细查看；break through突破(障碍)；pass through经过；路过
6. [教材佳句]Follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟随它，在它的周围探索，不知不觉中，你将有值得考虑的某些东西占据你的大脑。
[句法句式]本句为“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”句型。该句型中的祈使句相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，and/or之后的句子相当于主句，所以用一般将来时。
(1)“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”表示祈使句与后面的句子是顺承关系。
(2)“祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句”相当于“if＋否定条件状语从句＋主句”。
(3)“名词词组＋and＋陈述句”也有上述句式功能，名词词组中常含有more，another等词。
[金句推送] (天津卷)Give me a chance, and I'll give you a wonderful surprise.给我一个机会，我会给你一个惊喜。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(湖南卷)Close the door of fear behind you, and you will see the door of faith open before you.
　b．Follow your teacher's advice, or you'll be left behind by your classmates.
　c．A bit more effort, I think, and you will settle the problem.
②(2018·北京卷)In any unsafe situation, simply press the button and a highly­trained agent will get(get) you the help you need.
[链接写作]——一句多译
充分利用各种条件，我们就能取得成功。
①Make the most of all kinds of conditions, and we will achieve success.(祈使句)
②If you make the most of all kinds of conditions, we will achieve success.(if从句)
③Making the most of all kinds of conditions, we will achieve success.(分词短语作状语)

多维训练——夯实基础
维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空
1．The speech mainly deals with the trouble young children have distinguishing (distinguish) between right and wrong.
2．(2019·湖北枣阳模考)While there are many positive developments associated(associate) with the Internet, there are also certain fears and concerns.
3．As soon as she got into the classroom, she set about preparing (prepare)for the lessons.
4．Read this story, and you will realize(realize) that not everything can be bought with money.
5．The father as well as his three children goes skating on the frozen (freeze) river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词
6．Please bear in mind that success comes from hard work while laziness leads to failure.
7．Your letter calls up the days when we worked together on the farms fifteen years ago.
8．(湖南卷)I couldn't get through to Hannah.Her brother was talking on the phone all the time!
9．Don't be discouraged.Take things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your like.
10．I checked the files and some of the papers were out of order.You had better sort them out.
维度3——查缺补漏
11．He took measures to make up his fault, which received our recognition(recognize)．
12．He is always so busy with his work that he has no choice but to go to see his parents occasionally (occasional)．
13．We hope that you will accept our invitation if it is convenient(convenience) for you.
14．The new government must set out to find (find) solutions to the country's economic problems.
15．We all have an expectation (expect) that we can be admitted to our own ideal universities.
语篇练习——提升能力
提能一　单元话题语篇练
根据P20—21教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
When the writer called 1.up her mother in the countryside on the phone, she learned that snakes came near their house and that they seemed 2.to have made(make) their home near their house.The writer considered it a chance for her 3.to distinguish(distinguish) herself by 4.inventing(invent) something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.She set about 5.researching(research) the habits of snakes.She decided to cool them so that they could be 6.easily(easy) caught.7.However, her first two plans were not successful.As a result, she had to attempt 8.a third time, which helped her fulfill her aim 9.successfully (successful)．She was so delighted that she was 10.determined(determine) to send her invention to the patent office to get recognition for her successful idea.
提能二　单元话题写作练
1．补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)
①Philip先生是一个谨慎的美国蔬菜水果商，他发明了一款新式的自行车。
Mr.Philip was a cautious American greengrocer.He invented a new style of bike.
②他给专利局打电话为他的新产品申请专利。不久，他就获得了专利。
He called up the patent office to apply for a patent for his new product.Soon, he got the patent for his new product.
③但是，后来在实际使用过程中，他发现他的新产品没有达到标准。
But later he found his new product didn't live up to the criteria in the process of practical use.
④他开始抓住机会来改善他的新式自行车。
He began to seize the chance to improve his new bike.
⑤他忍受了别人的指责，期望自己的产品能经受得住检验。
He bore others' blame and was in the expectation that his new product could bear the test．
⑥这样，他的收入得到了稳定的增长。
In this way, his income had a stable increase．
2．升级平淡句
(1)用定语从句升级句①
Mr. Philip was a cautious American greengrocer who invented a new style of bike．
(2)用本单元词汇替换句④中的began to
He set about seizing the chance to improve his new bike.
3．衔接成美文(注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：at once)
Mr. Philip was a cautious American greengrocer who invented a new style of bike. At once, he called up the patent office to apply for a patent for his new product. Soon, he got the patent for his new product. But later he found his new product didn't live up to the criteria in the process of practical use. He set about seizing the chance to improve his new bike. He bore others' blame and was in the expectation that his new product could bear the test. In this way, his income had a stable increase.