2021届高考英语人教版一轮创新教学案：第1编Book4Unit1　Womenofachievement

Unit 1　Women of achievement


1．Such_is_Tu_Youyou,_a great scientist of Chinese Medicine, who deserves my admiration and respect.
这就是屠呦呦，一个伟大的中国医学科学家，值得我钦佩和尊重。
2．Such_is_Lang_Ping,_a_Chinese_volleyball_coach,_whose spirits deserve to be followed by us.
这就是郎平，一个中国排球教练，她的精神值得我们学习。
3．Madame_Marie_Curie_was,_and still is the world's most famous woman scientist.
玛丽·居里夫人过去是，现在仍是世界上最著名的女科学家。
4．With_Mother's_Day_around_the_corner/With_Mother's_Day_approaching,_I intend to give my mother a special present—to help her with the housework the whole day.
母亲节快要到了，我打算给妈妈一个特殊礼物——帮妈妈做一天家务。

自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心单词
(1)campaign (n.) 运动；战役 (vi.) 作战；参加运动
(2)behave (v.) 举动；(举止或行为) 表现→behaviour (n.) 行为；举止；习性
(3)shade (n.) 荫；阴凉处 (vt.) 遮住光线→shadow (形近词) (n.) 阴影；影子
(4)observe (vt.) 观察；观测；遵守→observation (n.) 观察；观测
(5)respect (vt.& n．) 尊敬；尊重；敬意
(6)argue (v.) 讨论；辩论；争论→argument (n.) 争论；争辩；争吵
(7)crowd (n.) 人群；观众 (vt.) 挤满；使拥挤→crowded(adj.) 拥挤的
(8)support (n.& vt.) 支持；拥护→supporter (n.) 支持者；拥护者→supporting (adj.) 次要的；配角的；支撑的
(9)refer (vi.) 谈到；参考；查阅→reference (n.) 提及；涉及；参考；查阅→referred (过去式/过去分词)
(10)intend (vt.) 计划；打算→intention (n.) 打算；目的；意图
(11)deliver (vt.) 递送；生(小孩儿)；接生；发表(演说等)→delivery (n.) 投递；交货；分娩
Ⅱ　阅读单词
(1)achievement (n.) 成就；功绩
(2)welfare (n.) 福利；福利事业
(3)project (n.) 项目；工程；规划
(4)institute (n.) 学会；学院；协会
(5)specialist (n.) 专家；专业工作者
(6)connection (n.) 连接；关系
(7)organization (n.) 组织；机构；团体
(8)entertainment (n.) 款待；娱乐；娱乐表演
(9)inspire (vt.) 鼓舞；激发；启示
(10)audience (n.) 观众；听众；读者
(11)rate (n.) 比率；速度
(12)considerate (adj.) 考虑周到的
(13)modest (adj.) 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的

　[单句语法填空]
1.Do you want to get this book ________ (deliver) to your house or would you prefer to come to the shop for it yourself?
答案：delivered
2．The children have been so noisy. Let me go and tell them ________ (behave) themselves.
答案：to behave
3．On the National Day, the streets ________ (crowd) with a large number of people.
答案：are crowded
4．I ________ (intend) to take a holiday last year, but I was fully occupied with an unexpected job.
答案：had intended

5．She is an agriculture ________ (special), who devotes all her life to the research into agriculture.
答案：specialist
6．Last night Bruce ________ (observe) to leave the building with two young men and take a taxi away.
答案：was observed
7．I was impressed by his ________ (inspire) words, and I decided to cooperate with him.
答案：inspiring
8．As for whether to buy the blue­and­white porcelain (瓷), a decision was finally made after some heated ________ (argue)．
答案：argument
9．He was such a selfless man that everybody ________ (respect) him.
答案：respected
10．If you want to help the poor, you can join the ________ (organize), which usually has some such activities.
答案：organization

联想积累
1．以­ist为后缀的部分高频名词
①art→artist 艺术家
②piano→pianist 钢琴家
③tour→tourist 游客
④science→scientist 科学家
⑤journal→journalist 新闻工作者；记者
⑥social→socialist 社会主义者
⑦special→specialist 专家
⑧psychology→psychologist 心理学家
2．以­hood结尾的部分名词
①adulthood 成年
②boyhood 少年时期
③brotherhood 兄弟关系；手足之情
④childhood 童年；幼年时代
⑤neighborhood 街坊；社区；四邻


1．move_off 离开；起程；出发
2．work_out 解决；锻炼身体；弄懂
3．lead a ... life 过着……的生活
4．crowd_in (想法、问题等)涌上心头；
涌入脑海
5．look_down_upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起
6．refer to 查阅；参考；谈到
7．by chance 碰巧；凑巧
8．come across (偶然)遇见；碰见
9．carry on 继续；坚持

　[选词填空]
carry on， move off， refer to， crowd in， look down on/upon， by chance
1．The conductor blew his whistle and the train slowly ________.
答案：moved off
2．Complete the exercise without ________ a dictionary.
答案：referring to
3．Rachel Carr intends to ________ teaching in the remote areas after returning to China.
答案：carry on
4．Sweet memories ________ as I looked at the pictures which were taken at the beach in Qingdao last summer.
答案：crowded in
5．Nothing happens ________ or by means of good luck.
答案：by chance
6．I wish you wouldn't ________ this kind of work; after all it is important for our company.
答案：look down on/upon

联想积累

1．“v.＋off”短语速记
①move off 离开；起程；出发
②pay off 还清；取得好结果
③put off 推迟
④show off 炫耀；卖弄
⑤take off 起飞；脱下
⑥give off 发出(光、热、气味等)
⑦set off 出发；使……爆炸
2．by相关短语
①by chance 碰巧　　　②by accident 碰巧；偶然地
③by design 故意地 ④by weight 按重量计算
⑤by nature 生来；天生地
⑥one by one 一个接一个地
⑦step by step 一步一步地


课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.
她母亲头几个月来帮她的忙，这才使她得以开始自己的计划。
only引导状语从句置于句首时，主句用倒装语序。
Only when you have confidence and master proper approaches __________ overcome the difficulties.
只有拥有自信并掌握合理的方法，你才能克服困难。

答案：can you

直击重点 突破考点

①behave　vt.& vi. 举动；(举止或行为)表现(P2)

(1)单句语法填空
①It is important to reward good ________ (behave)．
②He is old enough to behave ________ (he)．
答案：①behavior　②himself
(2)单句改错
He was not to be served because he visited the bar often and did not behave good.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：good→well


(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb. 对待某人好/差
behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体
(2)well­behaved adj. 表现好的
badly­behaved adj. 表现差的
(3)behaviour n. 举止；行为

②observe　vt. 观察；观测；遵守；庆祝(P2)

(1)单句语法填空
①The guard observed a young man________ (enter) the office, and he tried to approach him quietly.
②It is everybody's duty ________ (observe) the rules to keep our society in order and going on the right track.
③The little baby is under close ________ (observe) in hospital.
答案：①enter/entering　②to observe　③observation
(2)单句写作
I felt he ________________ everything I did.
我觉得他正在注视着我做的每一件事。
答案：was observing


(1)observe sb. do sth. 观察/看到某人做某事(全过程)
observe sb. doing sth. 观察/看到某人正在做某事
observe that ... 发现，观察……
(2)observation n. 观察；观测
be under observation 受到监视/观察

③respect　n．& vt. 尊敬；尊重；敬意(P2)

(1)单句语法填空
①He is such a great man that all of us show our respect ________ him.
②Local customs and culture should ________ (respect) by all the tourists.
③Our English teacher was so________(respect) that I respected him very much.
答案：①for　②be respected　③respectable
(2)单句写作
I ________ the greatest ________________ Jane's work.
我非常钦佩简的工作成绩。
答案：have; respect for


(1)respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊重/敬佩某人
(2)have/show respect for sb. 尊重某人
(3)respected adj. 受尊敬的；受敬重的
respectable adj. 受人尊敬的；正派的；(行为)体面的
respectful adj. 有礼貌的；恭敬的
respective adj. 各自的(仅用于名词前)

④argue　vi.& vt. 讨论；辩论；争论(P2)

(1)单句语法填空
①Gun control is a subject ________ which Americans have argued for a long time.
②The author supported the theme of the text by stating his ________ (argue)．
答案：①over/about　②argument
(2)单句写作
①They were always ________________ whether to see the movie Gone with the Wind.
他们总是争论是否去看电影《乱世佳人》。
②Finally, I __________________ reading Romance of the Three Kingdoms written by Luo Guanzhong.
最后，我说服他阅读罗贯中的《三国演义》。
答案：①arguing over/about　②argued him into


(1)argue with sb. over/about sth. 与某人就某事争辩
argue for 为……据理力争
argue against 据理反对……
argue sb. into doing sth. 说服某人去做某事
argue sb. out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事
(2)argument n. 争辩；争论；论点；论据

⑤intend　vt. 计划；打算(P6)

(1)单句语法填空
①He has made up his mind to intend his son ________ (manage) the company.
②I meant it to be an informal discussion, but it didn't turn out as I ________ (intend)．
③He left England with the ________ (intend) of travelling in Africa.
答案：①to manage　②had intended　③intention
(2)单句改错
The school to be built is intending for the disabled children.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：intending→intended


(1)intend to do sth. 打算做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
intend that ... 打算……
had intended to do ... 原本打算做……
(2)intention n. 意图；意向
have no intention of doing sth. 没有做某事的打算
with the intention of doing sth. 打算……

①look down upon/on 蔑视；轻视；瞧不起(P4)

单句写作
①She __________________ people who haven't been to college.
她瞧不起没上过大学的人。
②Old people enjoy ______________ the past while the young enjoy looking ahead.
老年人喜欢回顾过去而年轻人喜欢展望未来。
③When crossing the street, ____________ the coming cars.
过街时，注意来往车辆。
④Many families ________ education ________ an investment in this area.
在这一地区很多家庭将教育视为一种投资。
答案：①looks down on/upon　②looking back on　③look out for　④look on; as


look back on 回顾
look forward to 盼望；期盼
look sb. in the eye 直视某人
look into 调查
look on 旁观
look on ... as 把……看作
look out for 注意观察；留心
look through 翻查；翻找


②refer to 谈到；提及；查阅；参考(P5)

(1)单句语法填空
①In his letter, he ________ (refer) to his dog as “the captain”．
②Check the ________ (refer) book to see if the grammar is true.
答案：①referred　②reference
(2)单句写作
①When I give my presentation, using Microsoft Office PowerPoint saves me the trouble of ________________ my notes.
当做展示的时候，我就用PPT，这样我不用看笔记。
②The members __________________ the committee, as they were unable to make a decision.
成员们把这个问题交给委员会处理，因为他们无法作出决定。
答案：①referring to　②referred the question to


(1)refer sb./sth. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人/把某事物交给某人(解决)
refer to ... as ... 把……称作……
refer sb. to sth. (正式说法)叫某人去某处(查阅资料)
(2)reference n. 提及，谈到；查阅，查看；参考书目

look up表示“查阅”时，其宾语多为word, information等；而refer to表示“参考；查阅”时，其宾语多为book, dictionary等。


③carry on 继续；坚持(P6)

单句写作
①Whatever the difficulty, he decided to ______________ the “Rural Rehabilitation Programme”．
不管困难如何，他决定继续实施“乡村振兴计划”。
②Once the plan is drawn up, nothing will stop it from ________________.
一旦计划制订出来，什么也不能阻止它的实施。
答案：①carry on with　②being carried out


carry on with/doing sth. 继续某事/做某事(相当于go on with)
carry out 执行；实施
carry through (克服困难后)把……进行到底；完成
carry off 成功地进行(某事)；赢得，获得


①[教材原句]Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest.(P2)
我们一行人准备按照简研究黑猩猩的方法去森林里拜访它们。

(1)单句语法填空
①My class ________ (be) going to the Lake District.
②The family ________ (be) the tiniest cell of the society.
③The public now ________ (come) to know the whole story.
④The public ________ (have) every reason to be cautious about professional deception.
答案：①are　②is　③come　④has
(2)单句改错
The goods has been chosen for military use.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：has→have


(1)本句中our group属于集体名词。此处强调组内成员，因此谓语动词用复数形式are，此处属于主谓一致的用法。
(2)主谓一致是指句子中的谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词保持一致。
集合名词作主语时的主谓一致：
①通常用作复数的集合名词，如：police, people, cattle, goods等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。
②只用作单数的不可数集合名词，如：clothing, poetry, baggage/luggage, furniture, scenery, jewellery, information, equipment等作主语时，其后谓语动词要用单数。
③既可以表单数意义也可表复数意义的集合名词，如：family, group, class, grade, team, army, nation, crowd, population, company, government, committee等作主语时，根据其代表的意义决定。即表示整体意义时，谓语动词要用单数；表示个体意义时，谓语动词要用复数。

②[教材原句]Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.(P6)
我突然想起在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么困难啊。

(1)单句语法填空
①________ had never hit him that he might be falling in love with her.
②It occurred to me ________ I had ever seen him before.
答案：①It　②that
(2)单句写作
①____________________ I should have walked him to the station in case he lost his way again.
我突然想起我本应该把他送到车站，万一他再次迷路。
②________________ they spent their childhood in the same village.
碰巧他们的童年是在同一个村子度过的。
答案：①It occurred to me that/It hit me that/It struck me that　②It happened that


本句中，it是形式主语，how difficult引导的主语从句作真正的主语。It hit/hits sb. that ... 是一个固定句型，意为“某人突然想到……”，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语。类似的句式还有：
(1)It occurs/occurred to sb. that ... 某人突然想到……
(2)It strikes/struck sb. that ... 某人突然想到……
(3)It happens/happened that ... 碰巧……

课文回练 升华运用
Jane Goodall was born in London, England, on April 3, 1934. Since childhood, she was attracted by animals and animal stories. In 1957, the 23­year­old Goodall went to Kenya to work as a secretary. She also arranged to meet the famous __1__ (special), Louis Leakey, who hired her as his assistant. She went with him on many trips to the African jungles and in 1960, Leakey sent Goodall __2__ (observe) chimpanzees in a remote animal preserve, recording the animals' __3__ (behave). __4__， this was not easy. When she first __5__ (arrive)in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her __6__ the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was __7__ chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a group __8__ (hunt) a monkey and then eating __9__. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system. What she did set a good example for others __10__ (achieve) their goals.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.specialist　2.to observe　3.behaviour　4.However　5.arrived　6.for　7.that　8.hunting　9.it　10.to achieve

基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ________ (regard) as one of the best all­round forms of exercise.
答案：is regarded　当主语后面接由along with引起的短语时，谓语动词应和主语保持一致；cycling与regard之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且此处描述一般事实。
2．He was observed by officers ________ (drive) at 90 miles per hour.
答案：driving　observe在本句中意为“注意到，发现”，在句中构成observe sb. doing sth. 结构的被动式，用v.­ing表示动作正在进行。
3．Many times the person who hurt you does not intend ________ (apologize)．
答案：to apologize　intend to do sth. “打算做某事”。
4．Whichever way you look at it, an Olympic silver medal is a remarkable ________ (achieve) for one so young.
答案：achievement　a remarkable achievement “一个非凡的成就”。
5．With our teacher ________ (support) us, we feel quite encouraged.
答案：supporting　这是一个独立主格结构，且teacher和support之间是主动关系，故填supporting。
6．He has decided to take a look at the house and see if it might be worthwhile ________ (buy) it.
答案：buying/to buy　It is worthwhile doing/to do sth. “值得做某事”。
7．The little boy's bad ________ (behave) at the party made his parents upset.
答案：behaviour　behaviour “行为”是名词，此处作主语。
8．It's impossible to pinpoint a moment when ________ hit me that I was a “success”．
答案：it　it作形式主语，后面的从句为真正的主语。
9．Computers have replaced televisions as our most popular form of ________ (entertain)．
答案：entertainment　介词of后应为名词，entertainment “娱乐活动；娱乐”。
10．What I would like to do today is advance an ________ (argue) and see what you make of it.
答案：argument　由an可知，应填名词argument “论点”。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．The purpose of the Beautiful Countryside Project is to make sure the villagers ________________ (过上幸福生活)．
答案：live a happy life
2．________________ (我想起) that you had a great interest in Chinese culture.
答案：It occurred to me
3．As is known, Chinese Guoxue ________ all excellent traditional Chinese culture, which has ____________________ educating people.
众所周知，“国学”指的是所有灿烂的中国传统文化，在育人方面起着重要作用。
答案：refers to; played an important part in
4．_____________________________________________________________
事实上，他激励我继续学习英语，架起中国和世界沟通的桥梁。(carry on)
答案：In fact, he inspires me to carry on learning English to be a bridge between China and the world.
5．____________________________________________________________
坐在高铁上旅行，我意识到我们被看不起的日子一去不复返了。
答案：Traveling on the high­speed train, I am aware that the days are gone when we were looked down upon.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A 90­year­old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for __1__ (be) Britain's oldest full­time employee—still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, __2__ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have __3__ (final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名) her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene __4__ (declare) she had no plans __5__ (retire) from her 36­year­old business. Irene said, “I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I __6__ (make) over the years. I work not because I have to, __7__ because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call __8__ (say) she was short­listed, we thought it was __9__ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's __10__ (wonder)．”
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文， 介绍了一位90岁的英国女性仍然坚持每周工作40个小时而获得“年度女性奖”的事迹。
1．being　考查非谓语动词。介词for后跟动词时，要用其动名词形式。
2．which　考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，逗号后是非限制性定语从句，the pet shop是先行词，定语从句中缺少opened的宾语，故用which引导非限制性定语从句。
3．finally　考查词性转换。副词修饰动词acknowledge。
4．declared　考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，主句中缺少谓语动词；结合后面的had可知，此处应使用一般过去时。
5．to retire　考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式短语作plans的后置定语，表示“她没有退休的计划”。
6．have made　考查动词的时态。根据空格后的时间状语“over the years”可知，句子要用现在完成时。
7．but　考查连词。not ... but ... “不是……而是……”。
8．saying　考查非谓语动词。say与前面的a call之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填saying，用现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰a call。
9．a　考查冠词。joke “笑话，玩笑”，是可数名词。空格后的joke为单数，故其前用a。
10．wonderful　考查词性转换。系动词is后面跟形容词作表语。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2019·河北省邢台市高三第一次月考)My mom is a volunteer in a public hospital. She serve dinner every day to the people waiting for their relatives outside hospital. One day, she asked me to help her of volunteering. At first, I didn't want to, and in the end I gave in to her. Certain, I went there unwillingly. The much food we gave, the more people would come. Looking at people's smiles, especially those from children, was amazed! That made me to feel glad for being there. I realized that happy is not only about receiving, but giving as well. Since then, I had kept volunteering every week.
答案：
My mom is a volunteer in a public hospital. She dinner every day to the people waiting for their relatives outside hospital. One day, she asked me to help her volunteering. At first, I didn't want to, in the end I gave in to her. ， I went there unwillingly. The food we gave, the more people would come. Looking at people's smiles, especially those from children, was ！ That made me feel glad for being there. I realized that is not only about receiving, but giving as well. Since then, I kept volunteering every week.
难项分析：
第一处：serve→serves　考查动词的时态及主谓一致。句意：母亲每天在医院外为等待亲人的人们提供晚餐。根据时间状语“every day”及主语“She”可知，应该使用动词第三人称单数，故将serve改为serves。
第五处：Certain→Certainly　考查副词。此处为副词修饰整个句子，certainly意为“毫无疑问”，故将Certain改为Certainly。
第八处：删除to　考查非谓语动词。固定结构make sb. do sth. “让某人做某事”，故删除to。

课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解

(2020·河南省高三阶段性考试(三))Twelve­year­old Amanda Clement raced to the ballpark across the street from her house in Hudson, South Dakota. She couldn't wait to join her brother, Hank, and the boys for a game of baseball.
Would they let her play? She could throw, run and bat as well as any of them, but they let her play only when they needed her. She would have to umpire again. At least she could be part of the game. Amanda knew all the rules, and the boys could count on her.
Over the next few years, local teams began asking her to judge their games，too. One summer day in 2018, Amanda and her mother traveled to Hawarden, Iowa, to watch Hank play in the championship semiprofessional game. Two local teams decided to play a game before the semiprofessional teams. Amanda agreed to be the judge. As Amanda finished the morning game, she saw two men walking toward her. To her surprise, they were the managers of the semiprofessional teams and were impressed with her judge and wanted her to judge the afternoon championship game. They would even pay her. The 16­year­old girl was about to become the first female paid to be a judge of a baseball game. Amanda was calm and confident and judged fairly. She was right on the spot, watching closely.
Newspaper reporters said that she was absolutely fair. Managers began to ask for her first when they needed a judge. Amanda was popular with the fans, too. In one game, the audience weren't happy with the judge and insisted on replacing him with Amanda.
Being a judge was hard work. Amanda judged for the whole game, and she worked in all kinds of weather. She said, “It isn't as easy as it looks, but for all that, there is a good deal of enjoyment in the work. You have got to have confidence in your ability or you won't do well in anything.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了Amanda Clement如何成为一名深受大家喜欢的棒球赛裁判的故事。她告诉人们自信和勤奋是做好任何事情的关键。
1．What can we learn about twelve­year­old Amanda?
A．She always competed directly with boys.
B．She showed much enthusiasm for baseball.
C．She was the best player of a baseball game.
D．She played baseball better than her brother.
答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，Amanda迫不及待地想参加棒球赛，由此可见她对棒球有很大的热情，故选B项。
2．What does the underlined word “umpire” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Act as a judge. B．Join the local team.
C．Win a game. D．Play baseball.
答案：A　词义猜测题。根据画线词的后一句“至少她能够成为棒球队的一分子”可知，此处指她常常不得不当裁判。
3．What was the audience's reaction to Amanda's judgement?
A．They doubted it.
B．They were angry with it.
C．They showed no interest in it.
D．They were favorably impressed by it.
答案：D　细节理解题。根据第三段第六句“令Amanda惊讶的是，他们是半职业球队的经理，对她的裁判表现印象深刻，希望她能在下午的锦标赛中担任裁判”和第四段最后一句“在一场比赛中，观众对裁判不满意，坚持要用Amanda代替他”可知，观众对Amanda的印象很好，故选D项。
4．Which of the following words best describe Amanda?
A．Rude and unjust.
B．Silent and thoughtful.
C．Proud and narrow­minded.
D．Confident and hard­working.
答案：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，尽管裁判工作困难，但她仍然会在各种天气下工作；并且从她的话中可以推断出，她对自己能力的自信，故选D项。

(2020·河南省八市重点高中联盟高三上期“领军考试”试题)As much as seventy years ago, in the city of Boston, there lived a small girl who had the naughty habit of running away.
Her parents, Mr and Mrs Alcott, from first to last, had had a good many frights about this flyaway Louisa. Once when she was only two years old they were traveling with her on a steamboat, and she darted_away,_in some moment when no one was noticing her, and crawled into the engine­room to watch the machinery. Of course her clothes were all grease and dirt, and she might have been caught in the machinery and hurt.
Except for this one fault, Louisa was a good child, so she felt much ashamed that she had caused her mother, whom she loved dearly, so much worry. She made up her mind that she would never frighten her so again. No—she would cure herself of the running­away habit!
After that, whenever she felt the least desire to slip out of the house without asking permission, she would hurry to her own little room and shut the door tight. To keep her mind from bad plans she would shut her eyes and make up stories—think them all out, hers, you know. Then, when some of them seemed pretty good, she would write them down so that she would not forget them. By and by she found she liked making stories better than anything she had ever done in her life.
Her mother sometimes wondered why Louisa grew so fond of staying in her little chamber at the head of the stairs, all of a sudden, but was pleased that the runaway child had changed into such a quiet, like­to­stay­at­home girl.
It was a long time before Louisa dared to mention the stories and rhymes she had hidden in her desk but finally she told her mother about them, and when Mrs Alcott had read them, she advised her to keep on writing. Louisa did so and became one of the best American story­tellers. She wrote a number of books, and if you begin with Lulu's Library, you will want to read Little Men and Little Women and all the books that dear Louisa Alcott ever wrote.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作家路易斯·奥尔科特小时候喜欢“逃跑”，父母为此饱受惊吓。后来她下定决心改正这个习惯，每当想“逃跑”时，她就把自己关起来，编写故事，这为她后来成为作家打下了基础。
5．What does the underlined word “darted away” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Disappeared. BLeft quickly.
C．Lost herself. DHid herself.
答案：B　词义猜测题。根据下文“in some moment”可知路易斯是在某个瞬间就不见了，可以推断行动很迅速，故选B。
6．Why did Louisa crawl into the engine room?
A．Because she wanted to watch the machinery.
B．Because she wanted to make her parents frightened.
C．Because she liked to make jokes.
D．Because otherwise, she might have been hurt.
答案：A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段倒数第二句中的“crawled into the engine­room to watch the machinery”可知，正确答案为A。
7．How did Louisa cure herself of running­away habit?
A．She asked permission before going out of the house.
B．She found making stories more interesting and gave up her run­away plan at once.
C．Her mother made her enter her own room and shut the door tight.
D．She made up stories and then wrote them down.
答案：D　细节理解题。根据文章第五段可知，每当Louisa想“逃跑”时，她就把自己关在屋子里，编故事，把它们写下来。故正确答案为D。
8．Which of the following can best describe Louisa?
A．Caring. B．Ambitious.
C．Strong­minded. D．Demanding.
答案：C　推理判断题。Louisa下定决心改正缺点，把自己关在房间里，编故事写故事，说明她是一个意志坚强的人。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
What makes people successful? Take a look around and talk to your friends and seniors who are very successful, you will see all of them have adopted certain values which have proved important for their success.
It is evident that successful people take initiative (主动性). When they find something that needs to be done, they never hesitate to do it. __1__ They weigh immediately what has to be done and then do it with pleasure, thus strengthening their reputation.
Successful people do things with great enthusiasm, especially when they believe in what they are doing. They are motivated by their own satisfaction and the joy they get from doing their work. __2__
They do not fear failure. Failures and disappointments in life are unavoidable. __3__ Successful people pick themselves up after a fall and try again with more determination and commitment and learn from each failure. They associate with those they can learn from and enjoy the company of those appreciating their achievement.
Having a good IQ often gets a person what he wants but it's really the EQ that keeps him there and helps him enjoy a high reputation. __4__ By giving respect to others, they command respect for themselves.
__5__ It's better to praise others and win favor with them. So instead of complaining about a situation, successful people always try to solve it.
A．Successful people never complain.
B．Successful persons don't make excuses.
C．They work hard even when no one is watching.
D．They believe that responsibility is taken, not given.
E．It's failure that teaches us much more than success.
F．It's hard to be successful if you don't trust the people around you.
G．Successful people are polite to everyone and treat others with respect.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了成功人士所具有的共同特征。
1．D　根据本段第一句“It is evident that successful people take initiative (主动性)．”可知，成功的人往往积极主动，所以D项“他们认为责任是承担，而不是给予”符合语境，故选D项。
2．C　根据上文中的“They are motivated by their own satisfaction and the joy ...”可知，因为成功人士能够从工作中得到满足和乐趣，所以他们会自己努力，不需要别人监督，故选C项。
3．E　根据下文中的“Successful people pick themselves up after a fall and try again with more determination and commitment and learn from each failure.”可知，E项“正是失败教会我们更多，而不是成功”符合语境，故选E项。
4．G　根据下文中的“By giving respect to others, they command respect for themselves.”可知，G项“成功人士礼貌待人，尊敬他人”符合语境，故选G项。
5．A　根据下文中的“So instead of complaining about a situation, successful people always try to solve it.”可知，成功人士不抱怨，总是努力解决问题，故选A项作本段的主题句。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·安徽省六安市毛坦厂中学东城校区高三模拟)The woman often called the First Lady of New York died on August. Brooke Astor was one hundred and five years old. The extremely wealthy and famous New Yorker spent much of her life __1__ (help) the needy in her beloved city.
She was born in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. She was the only child of a high level military officer. After two earlier __2__ (marry), she married Vincent Astor in 1953 again. He came from a family __3__ had been rich for at least one hundred years. Among other things, he owed many buildings in New York City. Brooke Astor became one of the __4__ (rich) women in the world when Vincent Astor died. She also became head of a huge charity organization __5__ (found) by her husband. He repeatedly had told her she would have fun giving __6__ his money.
And apparently she did. Miss Astor gave tens of millions of dollars __7__ (main) to places and people in New York City. She said it was the sensible choice because that was __8__ the money had been made. She gave financial support to the city's cultural centers, the poor and disabled as __9__ as to many smaller charities. When she died, the mayor of New York said the city would not be what it is today __10__ her support.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位乐善好施的女士给予了纽约文化中心、穷人、残疾人和其他小的慈善团体很多资金上的支持。纽约市长对她给予了高度评价。
1．helping　考查非谓语动词。spend＋时间段＋(in) doing sth. “花时间做某事”。应用动名词形式helping。
2．marriages　考查名词。空前为two earlier，故应用名词复数形式marriages。
3．that/which　考查定语从句的引导词。“________ had been rich for at least one hundred years”为定语从句，修饰family，从句中缺主语，指物，故应用that或which。
4．richest　考查形容词最高级。句意：当Vincent Astor去世的时候，Brooke Astor成为世界上最富有的女性之一。根据句意及空前the可知，本空应用形容词最高级richest。
5．founded　考查非谓语动词。found和charity organization为被动关系，故应用过去分词形式founded。
6．away　考查副词。句意：他多次对她说，她会很乐意把他的钱捐出去。give away “分发；捐献”，故应用副词away。
7．mainly　考查词性转换。修饰动词give应用副词mainly。
8．where　考查名词性从句。句意：她说这是一个明智的选择，因为钱就是在这里挣的。“________ the money had been made”为表语从句，根据句意可知从句缺地点状语，故应用where。
9．well　考查固定短语。句意：她给予城市文化中心、穷人、残疾人和其他小的慈善团体资金上的支持。as well as “也”，故本空应用well。
10．without　考查介词。句意：当去世的时候，纽约市长说没有她的支持这个城市不会是现在的样子。根据句意应用介词without。
Ⅳ.书面表达
假设某英文网站正在征集读者心目中最崇拜的杰出女性，请你根据以下提示信息介绍20世纪杰出的女性之一——海伦·凯勒(Helen Keller)。内容要点如下：
1．海伦·凯勒(1880～1968)在19个月大时，因疾病导致双目失明，双耳失聪，从此她便生活在无光、无声的世界里。
2．7岁时，她的父母给她找了一位老师——Miss Sullivan。Miss Sullivan在教海伦的过程中遇到了许多困难。由于海伦的坚强意志和智慧以及老师的技巧和耐心，她们克服困难，取得了成功。
3．海伦完成了大学教育，取得了英语文学学位；此后她致力于帮助盲聋儿童的工作。
注意：1.必须包括以上所有内容要点，但不能逐条翻译；
2．可以适当增加细节，使内容连贯；
3．词数100左右。
参考词汇：意志和智慧will and intelligence；技巧和耐心skill and patience；英语文学学位a degree in English literature
　
　
　
[精彩范文]
Helen Keller was one of the greatest women in the 20th century. She was born in 1880 and died in 1968. When she was 19 months old, she became blind and deaf because of a serious illness. From then on she lived in darkness and silence.
When she was seven, her parents found a teacher, Miss Sullivan, for her. Miss Sullivan had a lot of difficulty in teaching Helen. With Helen's strong will and intelligence, combined with Miss Sullivan's skill and patience, they overcame all the difficulties. Helen became a capable student and finally she received a university degree in English literature. Later on she devoted herself to helping the blind and deaf children.