2021届高考英语人教版一轮创新教学案：第1编Book4Unit4　Bodylanguage

Unit 4　Body language


1．Seeing the teacher's body language, we clapped our hands, excited.
当看到老师的身体语言，我们拍手鼓掌，感到很兴奋。
2．I was wondering whether I would participate in the competition when the teacher waved his hand, asking me to walk up to him.
我正在考虑是否参加比赛，这时，老师向我摆摆手，让我过去。
3．What impressed me most was that when the teacher wanted us to stop discussing, he would raise his hand high without saying anything.
给我印象最深的是，老师让我们停止讨论会的时候，总是高高地举起一只手，什么也不说。
4．Only then did I realize that sometimes body language was more important than what we said.
只有在那时我才认识到有时身体语言比我们的言语更重要。

自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心单词
(1)statement (n.) 陈述；说明→state (vt.) 声明；陈述 (n.) 状态；州；国家
(2)represent (vt.) 代表；象征→representative (adj.) 有代表性的 (n.) 代表；典型
(3)curious (adj.) 好奇的→curiously (adv.) 好奇地→curiosity (n.) 好奇；好奇心
(4)approach (vt.& vi.) 接近；靠近；走近 (n.) 接近；方法；途径
(5)defend (vt.) 保护；保卫→defence (n.) 防御；保卫→defensive (adj.) 防御性的
(6)major (adj.) 主要的→majority (n.) 大多数；大部分
(7)misunderstand (vt.) 误解；误会→misunderstanding (n.) 误解；误会→misunderstood (过去式/过去分词)
(8)likely (adj.) 可能的
(9)ease (n.) 安逸；舒适 (vt.) 减轻(痛苦、忧虑)

Ⅱ　阅读单词
(1)greet (vi.& vt.) 迎接；问候
(2)association (n.) 社团；联系；联想
(3)flight (n.) 飞行；航班
(4)dash (vi.) 猛冲；突进
(5)facial (adj.) 面部的
(6)function (n.) 作用；功能；职能 (vi.) 起作用；运转
(7)truly (adv.) 真实地；真正地；真诚地
(8)false (adj.) 错误的；假的
(9)anger (n.) 怒气；怒火
(10)subjective (adj.) 主观的

　[单句语法填空]
1.It is good to be curious about the world around you because I think ________ (curious) is the best teacher.
答案：curiosity
2．The ________ (represent) were all amazed by/at what had happened in the factory.
答案：representatives
3．Mr Green ________ (greet) me warmly as I arrived.
答案：greeted
4．All the ________ (approach) to the airport were blocked by the police yesterday.
答案：approaches
5．All the people，men and women, young and old, were fighting against the flood in ________ (defend) of their own homes.
答案：defence

6．When you are playing, watch your tone of voice and ________ (face) expression.
答案：facial
7．Soon afterwards he made his first public ________ (state) about the affair.
答案：statement
8．He didn't turn up at the party in case of ________ (misunderstand)．
答案：being misunderstood
9．She is not an outgoing person and she doesn't let anyone know what she ________ (true) feels.
答案：truly
10．Do you belong to any professional or trade ________ (associate)?
答案：associations

联想积累
1．“方法”大全
做某事的方法
用这种方式
2．“主要的；重要的”形容词家族
①major 主要的；重要的
②main 主要的
③chief 首要的
④primary 主要的；首要的
⑤important 重要的；重大的
⑥leading 重要的；首位的
⑦principle 主要的；首要的
⑧vital 极其重要的
⑨significant 意义重大的
3．常见“人体部位及器官”名词荟萃
①cheek 脸颊　　　　　②forehead 额；前额
③chest 胸部 ④shoulder 肩膀
⑤throat 喉咙 ⑥tongue 舌头
⑦lung 肺
4．后缀­ly构成的形容词集锦
①likely 可能的 ②brotherly 兄弟般的
③costly 昂贵的 ④daily 日常的
⑤friendly 友好的 ⑥lively 活泼的
⑦manly 有男子气概的 ⑧lovely 可爱的
⑨orderly 整洁的 ⑩weekly 每周的


1．defend ... against 防御；保卫……以免受
2．be_likely_to 很可能……；有希望……
3．in_general 总的来说；通常
4．on_the_contrary 与此相反
5．at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在
6．lose face 丢脸
7．turn one's back to 背对
8．in most cases 在大多数情况下

　[选词填空]
on the contrary, lose face, in general, at ease, be likely to, defend ... against
1．The leader requires more bodyguards to ________ himself ________ his enemies.
答案：defend; against
2．As far as I'm concerned, paper books ________ not ________ be substituted.
答案：are; likely to
3．He felt quite ________ when he stayed with us.
答案：at ease
4．Peter can be really difficult to deal with at times even though he's a nice person ________.
答案：in general
5．Remember that telling the truth will never result in ________. Instead, telling lies is shameful.
答案：losing face
6．I don't think the boy works hard but ________ he is lazy.
答案：on the contrary

联想积累
1．表示“总/简而言之”的其他表达
①all in all ②in a word
③on the whole ④to sum up
⑤in brief/short ⑥in a nutshell
⑦in conclusion
2．“on the＋n.”必备短语荟萃
①on the contrary 正相反，恰恰相反
②on the march 在行进中；在行军中
③on the spot 当场；当下
④on the whole 基本上；大体上
⑤on the other hand 另一方面
3．“in＋n.”必备短语一览
①in general 总的来说；通常
②in addition 另外；加之
③in advance 提前；预先；事先
④in brief 简而言之
⑤in common 公有；共有
⑥in debt 欠债
⑦in difficulty 处境困难
⑧in hand 在手头；在处理中；在掌握中
⑨in person 亲自；本人
⑩in time 及时；迟早
⑪in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
⑫in total 总计
⑬in place 在合适的位置；准备就绪
⑭in danger 处于危险中
⑮in sight 看得见；在视线之内
⑯in order 秩序井然


课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
It is possible to “read” others around us, even if they do not intend for us to catch their unspoken communication.
“读懂”我们周围的人的意思是有可能的，即便是人们并不想让我们捕捉到他们没有说出来的信息。
even if “即使”，也可以用even though，引导让步状语从句。
You shouldn't lose heart __________________ in the face of difficulty.
即使面对困难，你也不应该灰心。

答案：even if you are

直击重点 突破考点

①represent　vt. 代表；象征(P26)

单句语法填空
①To be an athlete, her greatest ambition is ________ (represent) her country at the Olympics.
②They represented their concerns ________ the authorities.
③The tiger is a ________ (represent) of the cat family.
④She represents her mother ________ the kindest mother in the world.
答案：①to represent　②to　③representative　④as


(1)represent sb./sth. 代表某人/某物
represent sb./sth. as ... 把……描绘成……
represent sth. to sb. 向某人正式提出某事
(2)representative n. 代表
adj. 典型的；有代表性的
be representative of 代表……

②curiously　adv. 好奇地(P26)

(1)单句语法填空
①I am curious ________ (know) how the rumor came about.
②________ (curious) enough, I didn't feel nervous at all when I faced the audience.
答案：①to know　②Curiously
(2)单句写作
I ________________ find out what she had said.
我真想弄清楚她说了些什么。
答案：was curious to


(1)be curious about 对……感到好奇
be curious to do sth. 很想做某事
(2)curiosity n．好奇心
out of curiosity 出于好奇
satisfy one's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心

③approach　vt.& vi. 接近；靠近；走近　n. 接近；方法；途径(P26)

(1)单句语法填空
①When ________ (approach) the house, they found something unusual, so they stopped to have a look.
②The book took an unorthodox (非正统的) approach ________ art criticism.
答案：①approaching　②to
(2)单句改错
I appreciate the professor's new approach to teach languages.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：teach→teaching
(3)单句写作
______________________， we are excited to be vacationing in California.
随着夏天的来临，我们对要去加利福尼亚度假感到很兴奋。
答案：With summer approaching/As summer is approaching


approach sb./sth. 接近某人/某物
be easy/difficult to approach 容易/难以接近
present a new approach 提出一个新的方法
an approach to (doing) sth. (做)某事的方法
make an approach to 接洽，接近

④defence　n. 防御；保卫(P26)

(1)单句语法填空
①Parents, of course, will do everything they can to defend their children ________ harm.
②He made a long speech ________ (defend) his views from objections.
答案：①from/against　②to defend
(2)单句写作
All I can say, ________________ my actions, is that I had no choice but to do so.
我只能以别无选择来为自己的行为辩解。
答案：in defence of


(1)defend ... from/against ... 保护……免受……
defend oneself 为自己辩护；自卫
(2)in defence of 为了保卫……

①be likely to 很可能……；有希望……(P26)

(1)单句语法填空
①Success is very likely ________ (happen) if you do everything you can to make it happen.
②A person who avoids exercising is ________ (likely) to have illnesses than one who exercises regularly.
答案：①to happen　②more likely
(2)单句写作
①______________ that the disease has a genetic element.
这种疾病很可能有遗传因素。
②____________， I will bring you a gift full of Chinese characteristics, a red Chinese knot.
如果可能，我将给你捎去一个具有中国特色的小礼物——红色中国结。
答案：①It is probable/likely　②If possible


(1)Sb./Sth. be likely to do＝It is likely that sb./sth. ... (某人/某事物)可能……
Not likely！不可能/才不呢！
(2)likely, possible, probable
三者都是形容词，意思很接近，可互相转换。但结构上不同，须注意。
It is possible for sb. to do sth.某人有可能做某事
It is probable/likely/possible that ... 很可能……
另外，三者中只有likely可以用人/事物作主语。此外，possible还用于固定结构中，如as ... as possible, if possible等。

②in general 总的来说；通常(P26)

单句写作
①____________， men went farming outside while women were weaving at home in ancient times.
通常在古代，男子在外耕作，女子在家纺织。
②______________， people like to hear compliments from others.
一般来说，人们都喜欢听到别人的称赞。
③____________， she was not only a great writer but also a fortunate one.
总而言之，她是位伟大的作家，并且很幸运。
答案：①In general/Generally speaking　②Generally speaking/In general　③In short/sum/brief


generally speaking 通常来说；总的来说
on the whole 基本上；大体上
as a general rule 一般而言；通常
in a word/to sum up 总之
in short/brief/sum 简而言之；总之


①[教材原句]The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain. (P26)
第一个到达的是来自哥伦比亚的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。

(1)单句语法填空
①She was the first athlete ________ (win) the gold medal in the Rio Olympic Games.
②I think he is the last one ________ (do) such a thing.
③The ability ________ (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.
答案：①to win　②to do　③to express
(2)单句改错
There are so many destinations to choose, so you are bound to have a good time on your vacation.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：choose后加from


(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级等修饰时，或前有next, only, last等时，常用不定式作后置定语。
(2)动词不定式作定语，用来修饰抽象名词，如ability, chance, ambition, offer, anxiety, answer, reply, attempt等。
(3)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具，不定式后面须加相应的介词。

②[教材原句]She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence. (P26)
她后退了几步，看上去有些吃惊，并举起了手，好像是在自卫。

(1)单句语法填空
①Not ________ (know) his telephone number, I couldn't get in touch with him.
②________ (judge) from his appearance, he seems to be rich.
③The snow lasted a week, ________ (result) in a serious traffic jam in the whole area.
答案：①knowing　②Judging　③resulting
(2)单句改错
①Devoted himself to his career, he has no time to stay with his family.
__________________________________________________________________
②Turn to the left, you will find the path leading to the park.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：①Devoted→Devoting或去掉himself　②Turn→Turning或you前加and


(1)句中appearing surprised是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
(2)动词­ing形式在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随情况等。

课文回练 升华运用
Yesterday, another student and I, __1__ (represent) our university's student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year's international students to Beijing University. __2__ half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around __3__ (curious)．
The first __4__ (arrive) was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia from Britain. Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek! She stepped back as if in __5__ (defend). I guessed there was probably a major __6__ (understand). With more students arriving, I saw more different ways to greet each other.
__7__ I get to know more international friends, I learn that people communicate with spoken language and they also express their feelings __8__ (use) unspoken “language”. __9__ general, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of __10__ (culture) crossroads.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.representing　2.After　3.curiously　4.to arrive
5．defence　6.misunderstanding　7.As　8.using　9.In　10.cultural

基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ (allow) more patients to be treated.
答案：allowing　句意：医院最近获得了新医疗设备，从而使更多的病人得到治疗成为可能。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语。
2．—The last one ________ (arrive) pays the bill.
—Agree!
答案：to arrive　代词one前有the last，所以用不定式作后置定语。
3．Look, dark clouds are gathering in the sky; it is likely ________ (rain) later on.
答案：to rain　be likely to do sth. “很可能做某事”。
4．There has been a close ________ (associate) between these two companies.
答案：association　由设空前的“a close”可知，应填名词形式association，意为“联系”。
5．The female hormones help the body defend itself ________ some kinds of infections.
答案：against/from　句意：这些雌激素帮助身体抵御某些类型的感染。defend ... against/from “保护……免受……”。
6．One's ________ (face) expressions may tell you some of his/her inner feelings.
答案：facial　facial expressions “面部表情”。
7．I'm curious ________ (know) what has happened to him.
答案：to know　be curious to do sth. “很想做某事”。
8．They claimed that they ________ (represent) the interests of workers in the steel factory.
答案：represented　此处represent是宾语从句的谓语动词，意为“代表”，由claimed可知，应用一般过去时。
9．He threw the papers down on my desk and walked out of the room in ________ (angry)．
答案：anger　介词in后接名词，应填anger, in anger “气愤地”。
10．The woman said the daily ________ (greet) have become a habit.
答案：greetings　形容词daily后接名词，且此处表泛指，应用复数形式，daily greetings “日常问候”。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．Reading poems isn't dull at all. ____________ (与此相反), it brings you pleasure and satisfaction.
答案：On the contrary
2．____________ (一般来说), a wide variety of extra­curricular activities will broaden our horizons, and make us relaxed.
答案：In general/Generally speaking
3．Moreover, I think ________________ it would be more beneficial if you could exchange ideas with your classmates.
还有，我认为在大多数情况下多与同学交流有好处。
答案：in most cases
4．______________________________________________________________
只有当你真正投入的时候，你才有可能体会到学习的乐趣。(be likely to)
答案：Only when you devote yourself to it are you likely to enjoy the real pleasure of learning.
5．_______________________________________________________________
我们听到汽车驶近的声音。
答案：We heard the sound of a car approaching.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·广东省七校联合体高三第一次联考)Red is a particularly popular color in China. A pair of red shoes—__1__ they are for sports, dances or just fashion—is a must­have for every Chinese woman's shoe collection. For most Chinese brides, red shoes should also be worn __2__ their big day.
As women's feet __3__ (connect) with female attraction, red shoes often emphasize this aspect __4__ convey special beauty. In some classical Chinese novels, there are __5__ (describe) of charming women in red silk shoes.
If you wear a dark dress in cold __6__ (season), a pair of red shoes can raise your ensemble (整套服装) to a __7__ (high) level. They can also go with different levels of red color, __8__ (give) the wearer a lively and joyful look.
__9__ (sure) red will always be a beloved color for designers, and red shoes have also become a choice for many supermodels. If you are also a fan of this __10__ (energy) color, consider wearing a pair of red shoes for every Chinese Lunar New Year!
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了红色在中国备受青睐的原因和意义。
1．whether　考查连词。根据固定句型：whether ... or ... 意为“无论……还是……”，表示选择，故用连词whether。
2．on　考查介词。“on＋具体的日子”表示在具体的某一天。
3．are connected　考查动词的时态和语态。动词connect和句子的主语women's feet构成被动关系，且此处表示客观情况的陈述，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
4．and　考查连词。根据语境可知，前后句表示逻辑上的并列关系，即emphasize和convey并列，故用连词and。
5．descriptions　考查词性转换。由介词of可知，此处应用名词形式，再由空格前的there are，且description为可数名词可知，应用descriptions。
6．seasons　考查名词。season是可数名词，且其前没有冠词修饰，故用复数形式。
7．higher　考查形容词的比较级。句意：一双红色的鞋可以把你的整套服装提升到一个更高的水平。根据语境可知，此处隐含了一种比较的含义，故用形容词比较级higher，修饰名词level。
8．giving　考查非谓语动词。动词give和句子的谓语go之间没有连词，故用非谓语，且和其逻辑主语构成主谓关系，故用现在分词作结果状语。
9．Surely　考查词性转换。副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子，在句子中作状语。此处Surely是副词作状语，修饰整个句子。
10．energetic　考查词性转换。修饰名词一般用形容词，故此处用形容词energetic修饰名词color。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)When I was little, Friday's night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room. As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. I didn't realize how right my parents are until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
答案：
When I was little, night was our family game night. After supper, we would play card games of all in the sitting room. As kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to them, my parents would not let me. They would say to that playing card games would help my brain. Still I unwilling to play the games them sometimes. I didn't realize how right my parents until I entered high school. The games my parents taught me I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
难项分析：
第五处：删掉to　考查情态动词。would作为情态动词，后跟动词原形，故把to删除。
第七处：unwilling前加was　考查固定搭配。be unwilling to do sth.意为“不愿意做某事，不情愿做某事”。本文介绍的是过去的情况，故用一般过去时。主语为I，所以在unwilling前加was。
第十处：where→when　考查状语从句的连接词。句意：当我是个孩子的时候，我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在我日后的生活中证明非常有用。此处应用when引导时间状语从句。故把where改为when。

课时作业
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2020·广西柳州市高三上学期摸底考试)Clara Daly was seated on an Alaska Airlines flight from Boston to Los Angeles when a flight attendant (服务员) asked an urgent question over the loudspeaker: “Does anyone on board know American Sign Language？” Clara, 15, __1__ the call button. The flight attendant __2__ and explained the situation. “We have a passenger on the plane who's __3__ and deaf，” she said. The passenger seemed to want something, but he was traveling alone and the flight attendants couldn't __4__ what he needed.
Clara had been studying ASL for the past year and was able to finger spell on the man's __5__. So she __6__ her seat belt, walked toward the front of the plane, and __7__ by the seat of the passenger, Tim Cook. Gently taking his hand, she __8__： “How are you? Are you OK？” Tim asked for some water. When it __9__， Clara returned to her seat. She came again a bit later because Tim wanted to know the __10__. Clara got him to know that it was nearly 10 am. On her third __11__， she stopped and stayed for a while.
“Wow, this is cool，” Clara said to the flight attendant. “In fact, he didn't need anything. He was just __12__ and wanted to talk.”
So for the next hour, they were both __13__， chatting with each other. She talked about her family and her __14__ for the future (she wants to be a politician). Tim told Clara how he had __15__ become blind over time and __16__ stories of his days as a traveling salesman.
“Clara was __17__，” the flight attendant told New York Times during an online __18__. “You could see Tim was very excited to have someone he could __19__ with, and Clara was like a(n) __20__， appearing in need, unexpectedly.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了15岁的小女孩帮助航班乘务员与一位聋哑人用手语交流的故事，体现了浓浓的温暖之情。
1．A.put B．pressed
C．made D．covered
答案：B　句意：Clara,15岁，按下了呼叫按钮。pressed “压，按”符合语境，选B。
2．A.came by B．sat down
C．looked up D．walked away
答案：A　空服人员需要走到Clara面前才能解释当下的情况。come by “过来”符合语境，故选A。
3．A.cold B．mad
C．blind D．sick
答案：C　四个选项中只有blind “失明的”可以作为deaf “聋的”的并列词。
4．A.believe B．notice
C．accept D．understand
答案：D　正因为不会身势语，不明白那位乘客的需要才向其他乘客寻求帮助。
5．A.hand B．arm
C．book D．desk
答案：A　根据后文“Gently taking his hand”可知，Clara是在对方的手上写字进行交流。
6．A.left B．tied
C．unfastened D．broke
答案：C　乘坐任何交通工具都要系安全带，所以她解开安全带，才能朝飞机前部走去……unfastened “解开”，故选C。
7．A.stood up B．bent over
C．lay down D．turned over
答案：B　Clara站着，Tim Cook坐着，两人想通过在手上写字交流，那么Clara就要弯下腰。bend over “弯腰”。故选B。
8．A.shook B．wrote
C．shouted D．whispered
答案：B　根据冒号后的话可知，这是Clara在Tim手上写下来的，故选B。
9．A.arrived B．appeared
C．dropped D．stopped
答案：A　it指代前文中提到的水，Clara见水送到，才回去座位，故选A。
10．A.job B．flight
C．seat D．time
答案：D　根据下一句她告诉他将近10点可知Tim想知道几点钟。
11．A.trip B．chat
C．letter D．visit
答案：D　四个选项中只有visit能够表示“逗留”，与空格后文衔接。故选D。
12．A.terrified B．thirsty
C．lonely D．delighted
答案：C　根据空格后文可知Tim想找人聊天是因为孤独。故选C。
13．A.displeased B．regretful
C．relaxed D．lucky
答案：C　能够聊天一个小时，可见两人都很放松。故选C。
14．A.courses B．plans
C．doubts D．problems
答案：B　她想成为一名政治家是她未来的计划，故选B。
15．A.generally B．immediately
C．increasingly D．gradually
答案：D　over time “随着时间的推移”，所以他是逐渐失明的。故选D。
16．A.shared B．forgot
C．repeated D．complained
答案：A　Clara讲了自己的计划，Tim也会分享他旅行推销员的故事。
17．A.nervous B．shy
C．selfish D．caring
答案：D　Clara作为一个只有15岁的孩子来说，她的举动是非常caring “贴心的”。
18．A.interview B．job
C．lesson D．opportunity
答案：A　根据New York Times可知，这位空姐在接受《纽约时报》在线采访时说了夸奖Clara的话。故选A。
19．A.live B．work
C．communicate D．start
答案：C　根据Clara与Tim的互动可知，此处指Tim很开心有人与他交流，故选C。
20．A.attendant B．angel
C．student D．dancer
答案：B　对Tim来说，善解人意的Clara就像一个天使。故选B。
Ⅱ.阅读理解

(2020·江西省抚州市临川二中高三月考)Exactly five years ago, on New Year's Eve, I was invited to a children's ball by a man high up in the business world, who had his connections, his circle of acquaintances, and his close friends. So it seemed as though the children's ball was merely an excuse for the parents to come together and discuss matters of interest to themselves, quite innocently and casually.
I was an outsider, and, as I had no special matters to express, I was able to spend the evening independently of the others. There was another gentleman present who had just stumbled upon (偶然遇到) this affair of domestic happiness, just like me. He was the first to attract my attention. His appearance was not that of a man of noble birth. He was tall, rather thin, very serious, and well dressed. Obviously he had no heart for the family celebration. The moment he went off into a corner by himself, the smile disappeared from his face, and his thick dark brows knitted into a frown. He knew no one except the host and showed every sign of being bored to death, though bravely keeping the role of thorough enjoyment to the end. Later I learned that he was a provincial, had come to the capital on some important business, had brought a letter of recommendation to our host, and our host had taken him under his protection, not at all with love. It was merely out of politeness that he had invited him to the children's ball.
They did not play cards with him. They did not offer cigars. Thus, my gentleman, not knowing what to do with his hands, spent the evening stroking his whiskers (胡须). His whiskers were really fine, but he stroked them so eagerly that one got the feeling that the whiskers had come into the world first and afterwards the man in order to stroke them.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了“我”在一次孩子的舞会上对一位先生的观察和描写。
1．According to the author, the real purpose of the children ball was that ________.
A．the parents wanted to make their children happy
B．the parents had a chance to meet and socialize
C．the host hoped to make the guests happy
D．the host wanted to give a welcome to an important guest
答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“So it seemed as though the children's ball was merely an excuse for the parents to come together and discuss matters of interest to themselves, quite innocently and casually.”可知，在作者看来，孩子们的舞会仅仅是家长们聚在一起讨论他们感兴趣的事情的借口，故选B。
2．Why was the gentleman unhappy?
A．He was one of the poor relatives of the host.
B．He was from the countryside.
C．He was trying to do some business with the host.
D．He was not really welcome in the ball.
答案：D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Later I learned that he was a provincial, had come to the capital on some important business, had brought a letter of recommendation to our host, and our host had taken him under his protection, not at all with love.”可知，他是一个来自外省的人出于一些重要的事情，凭着一封举荐信来到这里，完全不是因为爱，可以推断出这个人是不受欢迎的，故选D。
3．The gentleman touched his whiskers eagerly just because ________.
A．he liked his whiskers very much
B．he had the habit of doing so
C．he was embarrassed in the ball
D．he felt uneasy wearing whiskers
答案：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Thus, my gentleman, not knowing what to do with his hands, spent the evening stroking his whiskers (胡须)．”可知，因为整个晚上没有人理他，(这位先生)不知道手该干些什么，所以一个晚上都在抚摸自己的胡子。由此可推断他是多么的尴尬，故选C。
4．When the author was telling the story, he was ________.
A．humorous B．serious
C．joking D．doubtful
答案：B　推理判断题。通读整篇文章，可以看出作者在讲故事时是严肃的，故选B。

(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e­book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's “me” time. And like more Americans, she's not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know？” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself，” she said.
Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local video­grapher, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first­name basis if he wants to have a little interaction (交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week，” he said. “It's a chance for self­reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，” said Laurie Deme－ritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现在的美国人多数喜欢独自一人吃饭，他们喜欢这种独处带来的自由。
5．What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?
A．Food variety. B．Eating habits.
C．Table manners. D．Restaurant service.
答案：B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的大部分人独自吃早饭或午饭，一起吃晚饭的数据可知，这是对美国人的饮食习惯进行了调查，故答案为B。
6．Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?
A．To meet with her coworkers.
B．To catch up with her work.
C．To have some time on her own.
D．To collect data for her report.
答案：C　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，Bechtel更喜欢出去吃午饭的原因是想拥有自己的时间，故答案为C。
7．What do we know about Mazoleny?
A．He makes videos for the bar.
B．He's fond of the food at the bar.
C．He interviews customers at the bar.
D．He's familiar with the barkeeper.
答案：D　推理判断题。根据题干中的Mazoleny可定位到第四段第一、二句，其中“be on a first­name basis”的意思是“关系好，可以直呼其名”，由此可知 Mazoleny与酒吧服务员很熟，故答案为D。
8．What is the text mainly about?
A．The trend of having meals alone.
B．The importance of self­reflection.
C．The stress from working overtime.
D．The advantage of wireless technology.
答案：A　主旨大意题。根据第一、三、四段的例子，第二段的数据以及最后一段第一句再次提及的“eat alone”可知，本文主要说了独自用餐已经逐渐成为一种趋势，故答案为A。
Ⅲ.短文改错
When I was in the underground, a couple with a young boy come in on one of the stops. The young man sat opposite to me got up and sat somewhere else. There were much seats available so no three seats together. So he left his place so that the family can be together. Seeing that, I reached for one of my ‘smile’ card and wrote at the back “You are kind. Thank you.” I gave it to the young man with smile. Puzzling at first, he then accepted it and said “Thank you. Have a lovely day.” I think everyone will be happily to bring convenience and the warmth to people around them.
答案：
When I was in the underground, a couple with a young boy in on one of the stops. The young man opposite to me got up and sat somewhere else. There were seats available no three seats together. So he left his place so that the family be together. Seeing that, I reached for one of my ‘smile’ and wrote at the back “You are kind. Thank you.” I gave it to the young man with smile. at first, he then accepted it and said “Thank you. Have a lovely day.” I think everyone will be to bring convenience and warmth to people around them.
1．come→came　考查动词的时态。描述过去的动作，用一般过去时。
2．sat→sitting　考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词，作后置定语，表示主动。所以用sitting。该句谓语动词是got up和sat。
3．much→many　考查限定词。seat是可数名词，修饰可数名词用many，而much修饰不可数名词。
4．so→but　考查连词。此处是转折关系，所以用but。
5．can→could　考查动词的时态。描述过去的动作，用一般过去时。
6．card→cards　考查名词。“one of the ＋名词”中的名词用其复数形式。
7．smile前加a　考查固定表达。with a smile是习惯表达，意为“微笑着”。
8．Puzzling→Puzzled　考查由过去分词转化来的形容词。描述人的主观主理，常用­ed结尾的形容词。此处修饰句子的主语he。
9．happily→happy　考查形容词。在be动词后面作表语，用形容词形式。
10．删除the　考查冠词。warmth是抽象名词，与前面的convenience是并列关系。