2021届高考英语人教版一轮创新教学案：第1编Book8Unit1　Alandofdiversity

Unit 1　A land of diversity


1.These population figures refect the fact that the United States is an urban nation.
这些人口数字反映了美国是一个城市国家的事实。
2.Americans of Hispanic origin was the_largest ethnic minority. African Americans are the second largest minority group.
西班牙裔美国人是最大的少数民族。非洲裔美国人是第二大少数民族。
3.New York is known for its culture diversity.
纽约以其文化多样性闻名。
4.Asian Americans live across the country, and also found in large numbers in New York City, Chicago, Boston, Houston, and other urban centers.
亚裔美国人生活在全国各地，在纽约市、芝加哥、波士顿、休斯顿和其他城市中心也有很多人。

自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心单词
(1)means (n.) 手段；方法→meaning (n.) 意思→mean (vt.) 意味着；打算→meaningful (adj.) 有意义的
(2)majority (n.) 大多数；大半→major (adj.) 主要的 (vi.) 主修→minority (n.) 少数；少数派；少数民族(一般用复数)→minor (adj.) 较小的；次要的
(3)elect (vt.) 选择；决定做某事；选举某人→election (n.) 选举
(4)boom (n.) (人口、贸易的)繁荣 (vi.) 处于经济迅速发展时期
(5)occur (vi.) 发生；出现→occurred (过去式/过去分词)→occurrence (n.) 事件；发生的事
(6)indicate (vt.) 指出；标示；表明；暗示→indication (n.) 迹象；标示
(7)slip (vi.) 滑动；滑行；滑跤 (n.) 滑动；滑倒→slipper (n.) 拖鞋→slippery (adj.) 滑的
(8)hire (vt.& n．) 租用；雇用→fire (vt.) 解雇
(9)nowhere (adv.) 无处；到处都无
(10)reform (vt.& vi.) 改革；革新 (n.) 改革；改造；改良

Ⅱ　阅读单词
(1)distinct (adj.) 清晰的；明显的；明确的
(2)percentage (n.) 百分比；百分率
(3)racial (adj.) 人种的；种族的
(4)crossing (n.) 横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道
(5)applicant (n.) 申请人
(6)customs (n.) 海关；关税；进口税
(7)luggage (n.) 行李
(8)punishment (n.) 处罚；惩罚
(9)grasp (vt.& n．) 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会
(10)thankful (adj.) 感激的；感谢的

　[单句语法填空]
1.Besides, I have such a good command of English that I ________ (elect) as assistant to my English teacher.
答案：am elected
2.Jack was working in the lab when the power cut ________ (occur).
答案：occurred
3.I couldn't understand the word's ________ (mean).
答案：meaning
4.All the ________ (apply) should fill in the form first.
答案：applicants
5.One of the ________ (majority) problems is that they can't raise enough money.
答案：major

6.Walk along the street and turn left at the first ________ (cross).
答案：crossing
7.The ________ (customs) of lighting the Olympic flame goes back centuries.
答案：custom
8.Did he give you any ________ (indicate) of his feelings？
答案：indication
9.The people there suffered many ________ (hard) during that long winter.
答案：hardships
10.The road is ________ (slip) and you'd better slow down.
答案：slippery

联想积累
与“雇用、辞退”有关的词汇全接触
①hire n．& v. 雇用
②employ vt. 雇用
③fire vt. 解雇
④dismiss vt. 解雇
⑤lay off 解雇；下岗
⑥take on 雇用


1.live_on　　　　　　继续存在；继续生存
2.by means of ... 用……方法；借助……
3.make_a_life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等
4.keep_up 坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等)
5.back_to_back 背靠背
6.team up with 与……合作或一起工作
7.mark out 用线画出范围；标出……界线
8.take in 包括；吸收
9.a great/good many 许多；很多
10.apply for 申请；请示得到

　[选词填空]
keep up， apply for， mark out， a great/good many， make a life， team up with
1.In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging and you will try to ________ for yourself.
答案：make a life
2.________ houses were knocked down by the earthquake.
答案：A great/good many
3.When you are reading an article, you'd better ________ the key words and topic sentences.
答案：mark out
4.I'm writing to ________ the position as a student volunteer.
答案：apply for
5.You can ________ another classmate if you can't finish it on time.
答案：team up with
6.In some rural places of China, some people still ________ their traditional lifestyles.
答案：keep up

联想积累
“动词＋in”短语荟萃
①take in 包括；吸收；欺骗
②break in 闯入
③give in 屈服；让步；投降
④turn in 上交
⑤arrive in 到达(较大地方)
⑥consist in 在于；存在于
⑦join in 参加
⑧result in 导致
⑨book in 办理入住登记手册
⑩check in 登记入住
⑪fill in 填写
⑫hand in 上交
⑬get in 收获；到达
⑭put in 安装(设备)；插嘴
⑮cut in 插嘴；强行超车

课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States.
距离最近因而来得最早的是南美洲人和美国人。
“the first＋to do”结构，意为“第一个做某事的人”。
类似用法：the＋序数词＋to do。
The prize will be awarded to __________________ the finishing line.
奖品将颁发给第一个到达终点线的人。

答案：the first to reach

直击重点 突破考点

①means　n. 手段；方法(单复数同形)(P2)

(1)单句语法填空
①Every possible means ________ (try), but none works.
②I've tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means ________ (be) the teacher satisfied with my progress.
答案：①has been tried　②is
(2)单句写作
①Only ______________ will you succeed.
只有用这种方法你才会成功。
②Students sometimes enrich their life ____________ part－time jobs.
学生们有时通过做兼职工作丰富他们的生活。
答案：①by this means　②by means of

by this means 用这种方法
by means of 借助于；通过……方法
by no means 决不；一点也不
by all means (用于交际英语表示同意)当然可以；没问题

(1)means用作“方式；方法”时单复数同形。若all/some/several/many means作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若every/each/one/a means作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
(2)by no means 位于句首时，句子应部分倒装。

②majority　n. 大多数；大半(P2)

(1)单句语法填空
The majority ________ (be) in favor of the suggestion at the meeting.
答案：was/were
(2)单句写作
①In fact, he inspired me ______________ English in college.
事实上，他激励我在大学里主修英语专业。
②When it comes to education, ________________ people believe that it is a lifelong career.
说到教育，大部分人认为其是终生的事业。
答案：①to major in　②the majority of

(1)the majority of 大多数
be in a/the majority 构成大多数/大部分
(2)major vi.专修；主攻 adj.主要的 n．专业
major in 主修
(3)minority n．少数；少数派；少数民族(一般用复数)

(1)当the majority of ... 作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词保持一致。
(2)当the majority单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数都可以。

③occur　vi. 发生；出现(P5)

(1)单句语法填空
I was going along the street looking for a place to park when the accident ________ (occur).
答案：occurred
(2)单句写作
①________________ that I knew how to solve that problem.
我突然想起我知道怎样解决那个问题。
②If any of these symptoms ________ while you are taking the medicine, consult your doctor immediately.
服药期间如果产生了这些症状中的任何一种，要立即就医。
答案：①It occurred to/struck/hit me　②occurs

sth. occurs to sb. 某人突然想起某事
It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that 某人突然想起
It occurs to sb. to do sth. 某人想到要做某事

occur为不及物动词，意为“发生；出现”，相当于happen，不能用于被动语态。

④indicate　vt. 指出；标示；表明；暗示(P7)

(1)单句语法填空
①With a nod of his head he indicated ________ me where I should sit.
②He gave no ________ (indicate) that he was ready to compromise.
答案：①to　②indication
(2)单句改错
①The bell indicated the end of the class rang, interrupting our heated discussion.
_________________________________________________________________
②It is no indication that there will be an earthquake.
________________________________________________________________
答案：①indicated→indicating　②It→There


(1)indicate sth. to sb. 向某人指出/暗示某物/事
indicate that ... 示意；表明；暗示；说明
(2)indication n. 暗示；表明；预兆；指示
There is no indication that ... 没有迹象表明……
There are (clear) indications that ... 有(明显的)迹象表明……

①make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等(P2)

(1)单句语法填空
①They settled down in Canada and made ________ life for themselves.
②She had to look for part－time jobs these years ________ (make) a living.
答案：①a　②to make
(2)单句改错
They moved to a new city last year and it was difficult for them to make the life there.
________________________________________________________________
答案：the→a


(1)make/earn a/one's living 谋生
(2)live/lead a ... life 过着……生活
come (back) to life 苏醒；变得活跃；恢复生气
bring ... back to life 使……苏醒过来；给……活力

②take in 包括；领会；理解；欺骗；收留；吸收(P8)

(1)单句语法填空
Women are usually ________ (take) in to buy a lot of things that they don't really need.
答案：taken
(2)写出下列句中take in的含义
①The farmer took in the lost travelers for the night.
________
②While reading popular science books, we can take in more basic knowledge.________
③The United Kingdom takes in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.________
④Lacking necessary social experience, teenagers tend to be taken in by ill people.________
⑤Before you translate a sentence, you should first take in the meaning of the words.________
答案：①收留　②吸收　③包括　④欺骗　⑤理解

take apart 拆开；打败；抨击(论点等)
take back 收回；退回；使……回忆起昔日
take care of 照料
take down 往下拽；拆卸；记下
take it easy 别紧张；慢慢来
take over 接替；接收；接管
take off 脱下(衣服等)；起飞；大获成功
take on 承担；呈现
take one's place 入座；代替某人的位置
take one's time 不急；慢慢来
take up 开始从事；着手处理；占用(时间或空间)；继续

③a great many 很多；许多(修饰可数名词)(P8)

(1)单句语法填空
①Our institute has ordered a great many ________ (instrument) from the company.
②A good many new books ________ (publish) by the Foreign Language Press last month.
答案：①instruments　②were published
(2)单句改错
①These pupils have read a good many of books on popular science.
________________________________________________________________
②A great many students in our school has taken an active part in the movement against pollution.
_______________________________________________________________
答案：①去掉of　②has→have


(1)
(2)＋不可数名词＋单数谓语
(3)
(4)

①[教材原句]However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(P2)
然而，美洲土著人很可能在至少15,000年前就住在加利福尼亚了。


(1)单句语法填空
①________ is likely that he will not come to the party tonight. He is so busy.
②The more stress you are under, the ________ (likely) you are to catch a cold.
答案：①It　②more likely
(2)单句写作
__________________ you will meet some difficulties while reading the novel.
＝__________________ meet some difficulties while reading the novel.
在阅读这本小说时你很可能会遇到困难。
答案：It is likely that; You are likely to


It is likely that ... “很可能……”。本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。此句型可转化为：Sb. be likely to do sth. “某人可能做某事”。

likely
①It is likely＋that从句
②Sb. is likely to do sth.
但无此表述：“It is likely for sb. to do sth.”
possible
①It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.
②It is possible＋that从句
但不作“Sb. is possible to do sth.”这种表述
probable
It is probable＋that从句

②[教材原句]By the time California elected to become the thirty－first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.(P2)
到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多元文化的社会了。

(1)单句语法填空
①By the time they arrived, the stranger ________ (go) away.
②By the time she gets home, her mother ________ (leave) for London to attend a meeting.
答案：①had gone　②will have left
(2)单句写作
For something, we can't understand when we are young but ____________ we understand, we are no longer young.
有些事情，当我们年轻的时候无法懂得，当我们懂得的时候已不再年轻。
答案：by the time


by the time意为“到……的时候(为止)”，是一个介词短语，在句中起连词作用，引导时间状语从句。其用法如下：
(1)如从句谓语是一般过去时，则主句常用过去完成时。
(2)如从句谓语是一般现在时，则主句用将来完成时。
(3)如主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状况，此时主句不用完成时，而应根据实际需要选用适当的时态，此时by the time相当于when(主句多是be的系表结构形式)。

课文回练 升华运用
Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. However, __1__ is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. Scientists believe that these settlers __2__ (cross) the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the l6th century, after the __3__ (arrive) of the Europeans, the native people suffered __4__ (great). Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. __5__ addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans __6__ (live) in California than in any other state.
In the 18th century California __7__ (rule) by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fought against the native people and took __8__ (they) land. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of what we now call the United States. Of __9__ first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, __10__ ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.
1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.it　2.crossed　3.arrival 　4.greatly　5.In　6.living　7.was ruled　8.their　9.the　10.whose

基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.They are likely ____________ (fire) by the company just because of their fault.
答案：to be fired　Sb. be likely to do sth. “某人可能做某事”。主语they与fire之间为被动关系，故应填不定式的被动形式。
2.The majority of the interviewees ________ (prefer) watching TV at home to going to the cinema.
答案：prefer　the majority of ... 作主语时，谓语动词的数与of后的名词保持一致。由interviewees可知谓语动词应用复数形式。
3.It suddenly occurred ________ him that he should offer a helping hand.
答案：to　It (suddenly) occurred/occurs to sb. that ... “某人突然想起某事”。
4.Whoever breaks the school rules will surely receive ________ (punish).
答案：punishment　句中动词receive后缺宾语，故应填名词punishment作宾语。
5.We should not have ________ (race) discrimination.
答案：racial　句中缺少一形容词来修饰名词discrimination, 故填racial “种族的”。
6.She became the first black woman ________ (elect) to the Senate.
答案：to be elected　当名词或代词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，则常用动词不定式来充当其后置定语，且black woman与elect之间为被动关系，故填to be elected。
7.He couldn't express himself correctly ________ means of words.
答案：by　by means of ... “借助于；用……；通过……方法”。
8.She ________ (slip) out of the house before the others were awake.
答案：slipped　句意：她趁别人还没醒，溜出了房子。分析句子结构可知，该空为句子的谓语动词，由从句中动词时态were可知，应用一般过去时。
9.________ (hire) a car, you must produce a passport and a current driving license.
答案：To hire　句意：若想租车，你需要出示护照及当前驾照。此处用动词不定式作目的状语。
10.By the time she knew the news, John ________ (fly) to America.
答案：had flown　由By the time引导的从句的时态为一般过去时可知，主句应用过去完成时，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前，故应填had flown。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1.__________________ (大家相信) the couple have left the country.
答案：It is believed that
2.Seeing what we were doing, __________ (许多) passengers smiled at us in approval.
答案：a good/great many
3.When delivering a speech, sometimes you can make yourself understood __________________ an example.
演讲的时候，有时你可以通过举例使大家明白。
答案：by means of
4.________________________________________________________________
我意识到我们每个人都应该保护我们奇妙的大自然。(occur)
答案：It occurs/occurred to me that our wonderful nature should be protected by everyone.
5._______________________________________________________________
树木吸收二氧化碳释放氧气。
答案：Trees take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·广西柳州市高三上学期摸底考试)We've all heard that breakfast is __1__ most important meal in the day. It may actually be true. Recently, a study of more than 50,000 adults aged 30 and older __2__ (find) that people who have breakfast are more likely to lose __3__ (weigh) than those who don't eat a morning meal. Other studies connect not eating breakfast __4__ a higher risk of high blood pressure, heart disease and so on.
However, it's not just when you eat that matters, but __5__ you eat also matters. __6__ (keep) fit, you should have a balanced diet with protein, fiber and healthy fats, which is the key to a satisfying __7__ nutritious breakfast. If you want to keep __8__ (you) from being hungry later of the day, you'd better eat within 90 minutes after waking up. Also, coffee drunk on an empty stomach is not recommended because it can be __9__ (harm) to your body.
There is an old saying that advises “Eat breakfast like a king, lunch like a prince, and dinner like a beggar.” It is worth __10__ (follow).
1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9.________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，吃早餐的人更有可能减肥，不吃早餐的人更有可能患高血压、心脏病。显而易见，早餐对人体是多么的重要。
1.the　考查冠词。此处是形容词最高级作定语，故填the。
2.has found　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语recently可知谓语动词用现在完成时，主语是a study，故填has found。
3.weight　考查词性转换。lose weight “减肥”，固定短语，故填weight。
4.with　考查介词。connect ... with ... 固定搭配，“把……和……联系”，故填with。
5.what　考查主语从句的连接词。设空处所在句为主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故填what。
6.To keep　考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保持健康，你应该吃含有蛋白质、纤维和健康的脂肪的均衡饮食……不定式作目的状语，故填To keep。
7.and　考查连词。前后是并列关系，故填and。
8.yourself　考查代词。句意：如果你想这一天不饿的话，你最好在醒来后九十分钟内吃东西。此处反身代词作宾语，故填yourself。
9.harmful　考查词性转换。be harmful to固定短语，“对……有害”，故填harmful。
10.following　考查非谓语动词。be worth doing，固定短语，“值得做……”，故填following。
Ⅳ.短文改错
Dear Jack，
I'm sorry to hear that you failed in the last final math exam, but which worries me most is that you are in low spirit when facing failure.
As senior three students, we all had taken examinations of different types and experienced failure as well as success. It is no doubt that we should take positive attitudes towards our setbacks. We should spare no effort to analyzing the cause of failure, which can help us avoid repeating the similar mistakes. Only when we figure out why we fail can we make a progress in our study. As for your anxiety, I think doing some sports can do good you. It can give you some time to be refreshing in not only the body but also the mind so that we can go on with your learning energetically and efficiently.
I hope all of the above can help you a lot. Let's work hardly together and turn our dream into reality.
Yours，
Li Hua
答案：
Dear Jack，
I'm sorry to hear that you failed in the last final math exam, but worries me most is that you are in low when facing failure.
As senior three students, we all taken examinations of different types and experienced failure as well as success. is no doubt that we should take positive attitudes towards our setbacks. We should spare no effort to the cause of failure, which can help us avoid repeating the similar mistakes. Only when we figure out why we fail can we make progress in our study. As for your anxiety, I think doing some sports can do good you. It can give you some time to be in not only the body but also the mind so that can go on with your learning energetically and efficiently.
I hope all of the above can help you a lot. Let's work together and turn our dream into reality.
Yours，
Li Hua
难项分析：
第一处：which→what　考查主语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，but连接两个并列句，其后不是定语从句，故不能用which引导；连接词引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“所……的事”，故用what。
第二处：spirit→spirits　考查名词。in low spirits为固定词组，意为“情绪低落”。
第四处：It→There　考查固定句式。There is no doubt that ... “毫无疑问，……”，是固定句型。

课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解

(2020·吉林省梅河口市高三上学期联考)Nasr Majid started hunting this fall at Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge (保护区) on the Eastern Shore of Maryland in USA. He's one of the relatively few new hunters who officials hope will help stop a nearly four­decade decline nationally in what has become a hobby for fewer than 5 percent of Americans.
Natural resources and wildlife, officials in Maryland are encouraging hunting of deer, turkeys and some other wild animals, which is believed to be good for the environment. Without hunting, they say, sika deer will overpopulate the wildlife refuge and they'll overeat the bushes and other plants that provide important habitat for birds. On the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay, hunting is also important to prevent the spread of diseases such as Lyme.
In many families, the hunting tradition has been handed down for generations. But as longtime sportsmen age and children lose interest, the number of hunters in the United States fell by 2 million, from 2011 to 2018, to about 11 million.
“Everything is changing. Kids are growing up in front of video games and computers instead of going hunting.” said Chris Markin, a hunting specialist for the state natural resources department. “Adults usually focus on working and providing for their families. Those pressures are preventing many other potential hunters from going out, and from raising the next generation of hunters.”
To avoid such a decline, a new approach is needed. Government agencies and nonprofit groups are now launching mentoring (指导) programs to train more hunters, which not only helps preserve an industry and a culture but also means more protection for wildlife and their habitats through deer population control and investment.
Luckily, there are those still eager to learn, like Majid. He was just looking for an outdoor hobby he could share with his children when he came across the mentors­hip program. Now, he feels capable of hunting on his own, but also has someone he can text with questions that pop up. His new_pastime has already paid off for him—on his second hunt with his mentor, in the last minutes of daylight, he bagged his first deer.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Nasr Majid在美国马里兰州东海岸黑水国家野生动物保护区狩猎，他是为数不多的几个新猎人之一，官员们希望这些新的猎人能帮助扭转近四十年来全国范围内的狩猎活动下降的局面。
1.What can be inferred from Chris Markin's words？
A.No one is interested in hunting any more.
B.Hunting adds to many adults' life pressures.
C.Parents fail to spend enough time with kids.
D.The hunting tradition is facing challenges.
答案：D　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Everything is changing. Kids are growing up in front of video games and computers instead of going hunting.”以及“Adults usually focus on working and providing for their families. Those pressures are preventing many other potential hunters from going out, and from raising the next generation of hunters.” 可知，孩子们在电子游戏和电脑前长大，而不是去打猎。成年人通常专注于工作和养家糊口。这些压力阻碍了许多其他潜在猎人的外出，也阻碍了下一代猎人的成长。因此，狩猎传统正面临挑战。故选D。
2.In this passage, Nasr Majid is considered as a symbol of ________.
A.bravery B．hope
C.enthusiasm D．devotion
答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，今年秋天，Nasr Majid开始在美国马里兰州东海岸的黑水国家野生动物保护区狩猎，他是为数不多的几个新猎人之一，官员们希望这些新的猎人能帮助扭转近四十年来全国范围内的狩猎活动下降的局面。由此可知，Nasr Majid被认为是希望的象征。故选B。
3.What does the underlined words “new pastime” refer to？
A.Learning to hunt. B．Raising questions.
C.Looking for hunters. D．Sharing a new hobby.
答案：A　词义猜测题。根据画线词前“Luckily, there are those still eager to learn, like Majid. He was just looking for an outdoor hobby he could share with his children”幸运的是，仍有一些人渴望学习，比如马吉德。他只是想找一个可以和孩子们分享的户外爱好。可知，画线词的意思是“学习打猎。”故选A。
4.What does the text mainly tell us？
A.Teach hunters new skills.
B.Preserve a great tradition.
C.Make hunting more popular.
D.Reduce the pressure of life.
答案：C　主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段内容可知，本文主要介绍了Nasr Majid在美国马里兰州东海岸黑水国家野生动物保护区狩猎，他是为数不多的几个新猎人之一，官员们希望这些新的猎人能帮助扭转近四十年来全国范围内的狩猎活动下降的局面。故选C。

(2020·陕西省部分学校第一学期摸底检测)Three boys were enjoying themselves in their hometown of Bovina, Mississippi. However, their lives were turned upside down when they discovered the jawbone of a Mastodon (乳齿象).
Brothers Shawn and Caid Sellers and their cousin Michael Mahalitc found the prehistoric bone in a piece of earth that was recently plowed. “I thought it was a log，\” Caid said. “I tried to pick it up and it was really heavy and I saw teeth on it.\” The bone weighed about 50 pounds. They eventually got the bone to their home and fitted it in their bathtub, but it took their collective strength, might and a golf cart, to carry the large Mastodon bone.
“They didn't expect to find that，\” Michael's mom said. “Now they believe that they will be more aware of their surroundings and what they're digging up when they are digging and playing.\”
“We've gotten a lot of petrified (石化的) wood and Civil War relics from the area and that's what I thought it was，\” the brothers' mother said. “This is our first set of teeth we've found. So we thought it was their imagination. We were quite surprised to see that it was not their imagination.\”
They were exploring near the brothers' home. It's surprising that they saw what they thought resembled a fossil. It was the curator of paleontology (古生物学) of the Mississippi Museum of Natural Science, George Phillips, who first identified the bone as a “very mature individual\”.
The Mastodon was a mammal who lived during the prehistoric times. They had long tusks and trunks, like elephants. They were clearly different from their modern day counterparts, as well as woolly mammoths (猛犸).
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。美国密西西比州的三个男孩在玩耍的时候无意中发现了乳齿象的下颌骨，起初他们并不知道这是史前动物的遗骸，而这些遗骸对史前生物的研究有一定的促进作用。
5.How did they find the jawbone of a Mastodon？
A.With great efforts.
B.By chance.
C.Instructed by an expert.
D.Through imagination.
答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段“Three boys were enjoying themselves ... discovered the jawbone of a Mastodon (乳齿象)．”可知，他们是在玩耍的时候无意中发现乳齿象的下颌骨的。
6.At first the brothers' mother thought the jawbone was ________.
A.from people who died in the Civil War
B.the bone from a very mature individual
C.like a log or something
D.the prehistoric bone
答案：A　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中的“We've gotten a lot of petrified (石化的) wood and Civil War relics ... what I thought it was”可知，他们之间曾经发现过一些石化的木材以及内战时的遗物。由此可推知，他们的母亲认为他们发现的这块下颌骨是在内战中死亡的人的。
7.The discovery of the jawbone of a Mastodon is important mainly because it ________.
A.helps people to know more about the Civil War
B.teaches kids to be more aware of their surroundings
C.promotes the research on more prehistoric creatures
D.attracts the Mississippi Museum of Natural Science
答案：C　推理判断题。最后一段指出Mastodon是生活于史前时期的古生物，因此，乳齿象下颌骨的发现可以促进对史前生物的研究。
8.Which of the following can be the best title for the article？
A.Prehistoric Bones Recently Found in Mississippi
B.Not Petrified Wood nor Civil War Relics
C.First Identifying Bone as a “Very Mature Individual\”
D.Unexpectedly Discovering Mastodon Jawbone
答案：D　标题判断题。根据第一段并结合文章其他内容可知，美国密西西比州的三个男孩在玩耍的时候无意中发现了乳齿象的下颌骨，起初他们并不知道这是史前动物的遗骸，他们发现的遗骸对史前生物的研究有一定的促进作用，故D项最适合作文章标题。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·河南省八市重点高中联盟高三上期“领军考试”试题)When we talk to our friends online, typing can become a little boring. We turn to memes (表情包) to make our conversations more fun. __1__
At least 10 students who were admitted to Harvard University lost their chance to study there after posting offensive (攻击性的) memes in a private Facebook group, the university's student newspaper, the Harvard Crimson, reported on June 5. “Rather than just regular jokes, the memes went to truly dark and ugly place, joking about Orthodox Jews (犹太教徒), the gas chambers (毒气室), Mexican children and suicide，” reported CNN. __2__ But later, some students set up another group where they traded several offensive memes. When Harvard University found out about the group, it took back the students' offers. __3__
“I appreciate humor, but there are so many topics that just should not be joked about，” incoming freshman Jessica Zhang told the Harvard Crimson. “I do not know how those offensive images could be defended.” __4__ “It sounds like Harvard is going too deeply into the private lives of students，” Alan Dershowitz, a retired Harvard Law School professor, told The Guardian. “It may affect them for life.”
__5__ Last year, a similar Facebook group for admitted Harvard students drew criticism from the university after some of its members posted racist jokes.
A.The incident has caused fierce debates, both in the university and around the world.
B.A world­class university should help students open minds and overcome bias (偏见).
C.However, others believe the university overstepped the boundaries.
D.The group was originally meant for would­be Harvard freshmen to get to know each other before they began university.
E.Jeff Yang, himself a graduate of Harvard, said the university was right to punish the students.
F.But sometimes, sending the wrong meme can make trouble.
G.In fact, this is not the first time Harvard has dealt with a case like this.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一些学生在某个群体内发送具有攻击性的表情包，结果被哈佛大学拒绝入学的故事。
1.F　根据下文内容，哈佛大学开除了至少10人，因使用不合适的表情包，故可推知F项“表情包可以使我们的交流更有趣，可是有时候也会产生麻烦。”适用此空，并可引起下文。
2.D　根据下文“But later, some students set up another group where they traded several offensive memes.”可知有些学生另建一个群，发一些有攻击性质的表情包，所以可以推断出，是开始建立的校内群并非如此，故选D。
3.A　下一段内容是人们讨论学校做法的内容。故A项“这个问题引起了激烈讨论”符合语境。
4.C　C项中的“overstepped the boundaries”与Alan教授的话“deeply into the private lives of students”以及“affect them for life”为同义表达。
5.G　设空后提到“去年哈佛大学也因为一些种族主义的问题批评了一些学生，”说明这不是哈佛大学第一次处理类似的事情。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·成都市高中毕业班摸底测试)I chose to study abroad because I knew I would be exposed to knowledge that I couldn't gain __1__ (sit) inside a classroom. Studying abroad was one of the best __2__ (decision) I had ever made. I chose China, because China is one of the early civilizations __3__ a rich history and culture and I thought studying abroad would give me the chance to learn more about the country. As a visiting scholar, my dream of studying abroad in China became a __4__ (real).
I went to China in the summer of 2017. My time there was an __5__ (impress) experience. Every day was a new adventure. __6__ I enjoyed most was that I had culture classes where I could learn about Chinese calligraphy, Beijing opera, Chinese literature, Chinese cooking and many __7__ (much) subjects. The mix of learning about the language and culture made each day of class enjoyable.
I believe that the key to a successful study abroad __8__ (be) the attitude you carry. Going to China, I had a very positive attitude. I knew there might be problems, __9__ I saw them as opportunities for learning. My time in China has really made me more __10__ (cultural) aware of diversity, which adds to my positive attitude.
1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9.________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。“我”是一名访问学者，非常渴望去中国学习历史悠久的中国文化，这一次“我”梦想成真了。
1.sitting　考查非谓语动词。该句中主语I和sit之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，空处作伴随状语，故用现在分词。句意：我选择出国留学是因为我知道我将会接触到一些知识，而这些知识是我坐在教室里无法获得的。
2.decisions　考查名词。decision为可数名词，由该句中的“one of”可知，空处用名词的复数形式。句意：出国留学是我作过的最好的决定之一。
3.with　考查介词。根据该句中的“a rich history and culture”可知，“我”选择中国，因为中国有灿烂的历史和文化。with表示“有，带有”，符合语境，故空处填with。
4.reality　考查词性转换。根据空前的不定冠词“a”可知，空处用real的名词形式reality。句意：作为一名访问学者，我在中国留学的梦想变成了现实。
5.impressive　考查词性转换。根据空前的“an”和空后的名词“experience”可知，空处修饰该名词，应用impress的形容词形式impressive，表示“给人印象深刻的”。
6.What　考查主语从句的连接词。句意：我最喜欢的是上文化课，在文化课上我可以学到中国书法、京剧、中国文学、中国烹饪和更多科目。分析该句结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且作及物动词enjoy的宾语；又根据该句句意可知，应用what引导该主语从句。
7.more　考查形容词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处表示“更多的”，故用much的比较级more。
8.is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。该句的主语为the key，为单数形式，故谓语动词用单数；该句陈述的是一般性的情况，应用一般现在时，故空处用is。句意：我认为成功出国留学的关键在于你的态度。
9.but/yet　考查连词。根据空前的“我知道可能会遇到问题”和空后的“我将它们视为学习的机会”可知，空处前后的内容为转折关系，故用转折连词but或yet。
10.culturally　考查词性转换。空处修饰形容词aware，故用cultural的副词形式culturally。句意：我在中国的日子确实让我更加意识到文化的多样性，这也让我的态度更加积极。
Ⅳ.书面表达
假如你是新华中学的高三学生李华，你的美国朋友John最近在网上看到中国谚语“He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.”，他想了解相关信息。请你根据以下内容给他写一封信。
要点：1.谚语的含义；
2.描述长城；
3.邀请他来中国游览长城。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：春秋战国时期the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods；明朝 the Ming Dynasty
Dear John，
I'm glad to learn that you are interested in Chinese proverbs.　
　
　
　
Yours，
Li Hua
[精彩范文]
Dear_John，
I'm_glad_to_learn_that_you_are_interested_in_Chinese__proverbs. A famous saying about the Great Wall goes like this, “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.” literally meaning “You are not a hero until you climb the Great Wall.”
The Great Wall was built during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods and rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty to defend against enemies. Meanwhile, the Great Wall is one of the eight great wonders in the world, which is considered as a symbol of the Chinese people's wisdom. Actually, climbing it needs courage and determination.
I sincerely invite you to come to China to visit the Great Wall.
_Yours，
Li_Hua