2021高三英语人教版一轮教师用书：必修1Unit4Earthquakes

三言两语1．Now more and more people become aware that those disasters have much to do with what we have done to the earth.2．Because of/As a result of/Thanks to the help of the army, people who got injured were sent to the hospital immediately.3．In the meantime, people nationwide are taking an active part in raising funds for the disaster area/ people nationwide are actively donating money to the disaster area.1．尽管如此，政府还是号召全国支持被这次最严重的大灾难袭击的地区。In spite of this, the government called on the whole nation to support the area hit by the worst disaster．2．此外，市政府及时采取各种紧急的措施解救被雪灾困住的群众，确保一切尽快恢复正常。Besides, the city government took all kinds of urgent measures to rescue the people trapped in the snowstorm to ensure that everything would return to normal as soon as possible.[单词　拼写应用]核心单词1．burst vi.爆裂； 爆发n．突然破裂； 爆发2．disaster n．灾难； 灾祸3．rescue n．& vt.援救； 营救4．bury vt.埋葬； 掩埋； 隐藏5．destroy vt.破坏； 毁坏； 消灭6．damage n．& vt.损失； 损害7．ruin n．废墟； 毁灭vt.毁灭； 使破产8．trap vt.使陷入困境n．陷阱； 困境9．electricity n．电； 电流； 电学10．sincerely adv.真诚地；真挚地[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空1．The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely destroyed (destroy)．2．(湖北卷)Right after he was rescued(rescue) by the soldiers from the ruins，he saluted and smiled to them.3．With so many miners buried (bury) under the mine, none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest.4．If it hadn't been for your timely help，we would be trapped (trap) in a dilemma now.5. Disasters(disaster) such as earthquakes and floods are not caused by human beings.拓展单词1．extreme adj.极度的→ extremely adv.极度地2．judge n．裁判员； 法官 vt.断定； 判断； 判决→ judgement n．意见； 判断力； 审判3．injure vt.损害； 伤害→ injury n．伤害； 损害→injured adj.受伤的4．nation n．民族； 国家； 国民→ national adj.国家的； 民族的5．frighten vt.使惊吓； 吓唬→ frightened adj.受惊的； 受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的6．congratulate vt.祝贺→ congratulation n．祝贺； (复数) 贺词 7．dirt n．污垢； 泥土→dirty adj.脏的； 肮脏的8．suffer vt.& vi.遭受； 忍受→ suffering n．苦难； 痛苦→ sufferer n．患者； 受害者9．shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊； 震动 n．休克； 打击； 震惊→ shocking adj.令人震惊的→ shocked adj.震惊的10．survive vt.& vi.幸存； 幸免于→ survivor n．幸存者； 生还者； 残存物 [语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空1．The girl was almost frightened to death when she saw the frightening scene.(frighten)2．The headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and the exciting congratulations encouraged her greatly.(congratulate)3．Judging from his looks，he must be an honest man.On the contrary，he often robs and steals，so the judge points out that a man should not be judged by his appearance.(judge)4．We were shocked at the shocking news that he died suddenly yesterday.(shock)5．In the terrible crash of the school bus，many children were injured，and even some suffered severe injuries to their heads and arms.The injured were rushed to the nearest hospital.(injure)阅读单词1．canal n．运河；水道2．shelter n．掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处3．event n．事件；大事4．outline n．要点；大纲；轮廓5．headline n．报刊的大字标题6．track n．轨道；足迹；痕迹7．well n．井8．pipe n．管；导管9．steam n．蒸汽；水汽10．quake n．震动；地震11．crack n．裂缝；噼啪声vt.&vi.(使)开裂；破裂12．smelly adj.发臭的；有臭味的13．dam n．水坝；堰堤14．mine n．矿；矿山；矿井15．bar n．条；棒；条状物1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid­1980s.跟踪(进展情况)2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)We were respectful of craft and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play.刻苦钻研；研究3．(重庆卷)He had a real gift for handling chores, sheltering me from unpleasant repair jobs.使免于；庇护[短语　多维应用]高频短语1．right away立刻；马上2．in ruins严重受损；破败不堪3．a (great) number of 许多；大量的4．judging from从……判断5．be trapped in陷入[语境运用]　(填入一个适当的词)①A great number of firefighters were sent to the scene right ②away．The fire spread so quickly that the building lay ③in ruins in no time.Judging ④from the situation，many people were trapped ⑤in the fire.The firefighters did all they could to put out the fire and tried to carry the trapped people out.6．think little/nothing of认为……没什么了不起7．at an end结束；终结8．dig out掘出；发现9．be proud of以……而自豪10．be buried in埋头于[语境运用]　(填入一个适当的词)I paid a visit to my cousin before my holiday was nearly ⑥at an end.When I came in，he was buried ⑦in reviewing his lessons in his study.He got  good grades in the final exam and his parents were proud ⑧of him.However，he thought nothing ⑨of what he had achieved.[句式　结构仿写]教材原句背诵句式仿写应用1．too...to...意为“太……而不能……”，表示否定意义In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.(2018·北京卷)正如谚语所说，活到老学到老。As the saying goes, “One is never too old to learn”.2.It seems/seemed as if...看起来好像……It seemed as if the world was at an end！这个讲故事的人以一种生动的方式给我们讲故事，好像他亲身经历过的一样。The storyteller was telling us a story in a vivid way as if he had experienced it himself.3.部分否定：all...not...并非所有的……都……All hope was not lost.最近的一项调查表明，在我们学校并非所有的学生都在课余时间进行体育锻炼。A recent survey shows that all the students in our school don't take physical exercise in their spare time.1．burst vt.& vi.(使)爆裂；(使)裂开；(使)炸开；突然出现；爆发 n．突然破裂；爆发(1)burst out＋doing＝burst into＋n.突然……起来burst into 闯入burst in 闯进来；插话(2)burst with joy/happiness/anger非常高兴/勃然大怒burst into cheers爆发出欢呼声burst in on a meeting打断会议[基础练习]——单句语法填空①a.He burst in without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.　b．He burst into the room without knocking at the door，which made me very angry.②Hearing that my dad would be back from London this week, I felt as if my heart would burst with joy.[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级听到儿子在地震中丧生的坏消息， 这对夫妇突然哭起来。(普通表达)When they heard the bad news that their son died in the earthquake, the couple burst into tears/burst out crying. (高级表达)Hearing the bad news that their son died in the earthquake, the couple burst into tears/burst out crying. (分词短语作状语)2．ruin n．[U]毁坏；毁灭；崩溃 [C](pl.) 废墟；遗迹 v．(使)破产；(使)堕落；毁灭(1)in ruins成为废墟(2)ruin oneself毁掉自己； 自取灭亡ruin one's health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/声誉ruin the table cloth 弄脏了那块桌布ruin our friendship破坏了我们的友谊the ruin of civilization文明的毁灭financial ruin破产the ruins of Rome古罗马遗迹[基础练习]——单句语法填空①a.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining(ruin) the atmosphere of peace?　b．It rained for two weeks on end，completely ruining(ruin) our holiday.②When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins.[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜未眠。(普通表达)The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake and it made us awake all night.(高级表达)The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake, which made us awake all night．(非限制性定语从句)3．bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸；使专心be buried in＝bury oneself in埋头于；专心于be buried in thought沉思bury his face in his hands双手掩面buried treasure埋藏的财宝[基础练习]——单句语法填空①The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, burying(bury) her head in the book in her hands.②a.He stood on the sidewalk with his hands buried(bury) in the pockets of his dark overcoat.　b．When I entered the room, I found him burying (bury) his face in his hands.[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级由于他埋头于书本，他没注意到其他人已经离开了。(普通表达)Because he buried himself in/was buried in his book，he didn't notice that all the others had left.(高级表达)Burying himself in his book，he didn't notice that all the others had left.(现在分词作状语)(高级表达)Buried in his book，he didn't notice that all the others had left.(过去分词作状语)[名师点津]　表示“埋头于；致力于”的短语还有：be devoted to＝devote oneself to专心于；致力于be absorbed in全神贯注于；专心于concentrate on集中精力于；专心于focus on集中精力于；专心于fix one's attention on全神贯注于；专心于occupy oneself in doing/with＝be occupied with 专心于；忙于4．judge vt.断定；判断；判决 n．裁判员；法官(1)judge...from/by...从……来判断……judging by/from从……上看；根据……判断(2)as far as I can judge据我判断，我认为(3)judgement n．裁决；评价judge a case判案judge sb. guilty判某人有罪not to judge people不要对他人品头论足[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(2018·江苏卷)The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged (judge)．②Judging (judge) from the above story, we can draw the conclusion that we shouldn't judge a book by/from its cover.③She showed a lack of judgement(judge) when she gave Mark the important job.[链接写作]——完成句子(2017·江苏卷)我认为，电影市场在不久的将来会低迷。As far as I can judge, the film market may witness a slowdown in the near future.[名师点津]　judging from/by用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语而不采用过去分词的形式。5．at an end结束；终结(1)at the end of在……尽头；在……末端by the end of到……结束时；到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)in the end最后；终于(2)come to an end结束put/bring sth.to an end 结束……put an end to sth.结束；终结……(3)end up结果为……；最终为……[基础练习]——单句语法填空①The meeting was nearly at an end when I got to the meeting room.②They didn't know how to put an end to the heated quarrel.③His newly written novel had been translated(translate) into English by the end of last month.④(2019·忻州联考)I thought I would be punished for the broken glasses but I ended up being praised (praise) for my honesty.[链接写作]——用end的相关短语完成小片段①At the end of (在……末端) the meeting，the general manager said in a loud voice，“We've tried hard to solve the financial problem，and ②in the end (终于) we've succeeded.So ③by the end of (到……结束时) next week，the bad situation will ④come to an end (结束) and everything will be all right.”6．a (great) number of许多；大量的(1)＋可数名词复数(2)＋不可数名词(3)[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①a.(2019·浙江卷) In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen(fall) by more than 55 percent.　b．(山东卷)A number of high buildings have  arisen(arise) where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.②a.Large quantities of water has been piped to the dry area since last year.has→have　b．Large amounts of money is spent on advertisements every year.is→are[链接写作]——完成句子①(江苏卷)随着学习英语的人越来越多， 在中文语境里理解这些英语单词并不是很困难。 As the number of English learners is on the rise, it's not difficult for them to understand these words in Chinese contexts.②(广东卷)一位普通的工人向一所大学捐赠了大量的金钱，这引起了公众的关注。A great deal/amount of money was donated to a university by an ordinary worker, which aroused public attention.[名师点津]　a number of意为“若干；许多”；后接名词复数。用作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式；the number of意为“……的数量”，其后接名词的复数或具有复数意义的名词。用作主语时，谓语一般要用单数形式。7．[教材佳句]It seemed as if the world was at an end！仿佛到了世界末日！[句法句式]句中as if ＝ as though意为“仿佛，好像”，引导表语从句。常放在be, look, seem, sound, smell, feel等系动词之后。(1)如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的情况时，句子要用陈述语气。(2)如果所引导的从句只是表示一种假设的情况，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，其形式如下：as if [金句推送]　The woman loves the children deeply as if she were their mother.这个妇女深爱这些孩子，就好像她是他们的妈妈一样。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①Hurry up! It looks as if the train is going(go) to move in two minutes.②More generally，the Internet functions as if it were(be) my memory.③(重庆卷)It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I had done(do) it?[链接写作]——句式升级(普通表达)She walked here and there on the playground as if she was looking for something.(高级表达)She walked here and there on the playground as if looking for something．(省略句)(普通表达)The boy stood there with his head bent as if he was criticized by the teacher.(高级表达)The boy stood there with his head bent as if criticized by the teacher．(省略句)[名师点津]　如果as if引导的从句的主语和主句的主语一致，并且从句中用be的某种形式，则省略“从句主语＋be”，从句就变成了“as if/as though＋adj./adv./介词短语/to do/doing/done”。8．[教材佳句]All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。[句法句式]句中all ...not为部分否定，意为“并非都……”，有时也可用“Not all ...”表示。(1)英语中的all，both，each，every，everybody，everything，always，whole，entirely等具有总括意义的代词、形容词和副词与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。(2)英语中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere等表否定意义的词与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定”。[金句推送]　It's impossible for all the people to get the jobs because all of them are not fit for them.所有人都得到工作是不可能的，因为并非所有的人都适合这些工作。[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with everything．②(重庆卷)The meeting will be held in September, but nobody knows the date for sure.③(全国卷Ⅱ) It's an either­or situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do all.all→both[链接写作]——一句多译(2019·重庆适应性测试)事实是并不是每个人都把合理安排时间看得重要。①The truth is that not everyone is attaching great importance to time management.②The truth is that everyone is not attaching great importance to time management.多维训练——夯实基础维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空1．Now a great many college graduates are (be) seeking for high­paid jobs.But a large number of them are (be) often not able to find a suitable post.2．We had intended to take a two­day trip, but we were too busy to afford (afford) it.3．School started, but with time going by I felt as if I were (be) in a foreign country.4．When she heard the news that her father had died in the accident, she burst out crying (cry)．5．After very careful consideration, I decided to take a risk based on my own judgment(judge)．维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词6．It had gotten very cold, and I guessed the good weather was at an end.7．(2019·北京东城一模)My daughter, whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home a lot.8．The earthquake did damage to the area where many houses fell down and many people were trapped in ruins.9．He was often found buried in his work whenever I came here.10．Our English teacher is excellent, but she can't help everyone in the class in 50 minutes.维度3——查缺补漏11．George is organized, easy­going, hard­working, and intelligent.In a word, I can't think too highly of him.12．On arriving there, we expressed our congratulations (congratulate) to him on his success.13．The temple completely destroyed (destroy) by the fire last night was built a long time ago.14．A large number of soldiers were sent there to rescue (rescue) those trapped in the building.15．Although it was an extremely (extreme) difficult and dangerous task, he was determined to finish it.语篇练习——提升能力提能一　单元话题语篇练根据P26教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式A terrible earthquake hit the city of Tangshan on July 28, 1976, in which thousands of people died and many 1．were injured (injure)．Many houses 2.fell (fall) down and sand filled the wells instead of water.People were greatly 3.shocked (shock)．All the electricity in the city was cut 4.off and people began to wonder how long the disaster would last.The whole city was 5.completely (complete) destroyed and the world seemed 6．at its end.The people of Tangshan didn't lose hope, because 150, 000 soldiers were sent 7．to help (help) the rescue workers.The soldiers tried their best to dig out those 8.who were trapped.Workers built shelters for the survivors.Fresh water was taken to the city by every means.Slowly, the city began to come back to life.It was said that before the quake, strange things were happening in the countryside.The water in the village wells 9.rose (rise) and fell.Fish jumped out of the ponds.Strange noises were heard in the sky, but people thought little of 10.them (they)．提能二　单元话题写作练1．补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)①一天夜里，一切都开始摇晃起来。水管爆裂，电力中断。One night, everything began to shake, the pipes bursting and the electricity cut off．②无论走到哪里，我们都能看见一切都已经变成了废墟。Wherever we went, we found everything lay in ruins．③仿佛到了世界末日！It seemed as if the world was at an end!④有些人受伤，有些人被埋在废墟下。Some people were injured; some were buried in the ruins.⑤士兵们立刻前来救援。他们救出了一些被困在废墟中的人，并将死者掩埋。The soldiers came to the rescue right away．They saved some people trapped under the ruins, and buried the dead.⑥在灾难面前，他们非常愿意帮助那些需要帮助的人。They were too willing to help those in trouble in the face of disasters．⑦我们再怎么赞扬他们也不为过。We can't think too highly of them.2．升级平淡句(1)把句⑤升级为定语从句The soldiers came to the rescue right away, saved some people who were trapped under the ruins, and buried the dead.(2)用状语从句合并句⑥和句⑦They were too willing to help those in trouble in the face of disasters, so we can't think too highly of them．3．衔接成美文(注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：so)One night, everything began to shake, the pipes bursting and the electricity cut off. Wherever we went, we found everything lay in ruins. It seemed as if the world was at an end! Some people were injured；some were buried in the ruins. The soldiers came to the rescue right away, saved some people who were trapped under the ruins, and buried the dead. They were too willing to help those in trouble in the face of disasters, so we can't think too highly of them.