2021高三英语人教版一轮教师用书：必修3Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars

三言两语1．China sent up its first satellite completely designed and built by middle school students in 2017．2．After a 21­hour trip to space, the astronaut landed safely, making China the third country to send a person into space after Russia and the USA.3．No one knows exactly how the earth began.However, according to a widely accepted theory, it began with a “Big Bang”． 1．一些科学家宣称他们找到了外星人在天空存在的证据。Some scientists claimed that they had found some evidence that aliens existed in space．2．中国成功把第一位宇航员送往天空的消息曾震惊了整个世界。The news that China had managed to send the first astronaut into space once shocked the whole world.[单词　拼写应用]核心单词1．atmosphere n．大气层； 气氛2. exhaust vt.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽3．thus adv.因此；于是4．gentle adj.温和的；文雅的5．climate n．气候6．crash vi.& vt.碰撞；坠落7．pull n．& vt.拉(力)；拖；牵引力8．float vi.& vt.(使)浮动；(使)漂浮n．漂浮物9．system n．系统；体系；制度10．theory n．学说；理论[语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空1．A truck went out of control and crashed (crash) into the back of a bus.2．He found something floating (float) on the lake, which frightened him.3．After his journey from abroad，Richard Jones returned home，exhausted (exhaust)．4．The old scientist told his students that scientific theories (theory) must be based on facts.5．My uncle's car caught fire by the road.Fortunately, he was pulled (pull) out of the car by a passer­by.拓展单词1．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence n．暴力→violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地2．like vt.喜欢 prep.像→unlike prep.与……不同；不像→ dislike vt.不喜欢；讨厌3．harm n．& vt.伤害→harmful adj.有害的→ harmless adj.无害的4．exist vi.存在；生存→existence n．存在；生存5．puzzle n．谜；难题 vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难→puzzled adj.感到困惑的→puzzling adj.令人困惑的6．religion n．宗教；宗教信仰→religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的7． react v．反应→ reaction n．反应；回应 [语境运用]　用所给词的适当形式填空1．There was a puzzled look on the little girl's face because a puzzling problem puzzled her.(puzzle) 2．Last night we had a discussion, which was to become more and more violent．Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use violence whatever happens.(violent) 3．Playing computer games will not only do harm to your physical health, but it is also harmful to your mental health.So there is no harm in advising you to give it up.(harm)4．He often says that he doesn't believe in any religion but meanwhile he respects others' religious freedom.(religion)5．Do you believe the existence of ghosts? Perhaps they only exist in the minds of some people.(exist)阅读单词1．fundamental adj.基本的；基础的2．chain n．链子；连锁；锁链3．dissolve vt.& vi.溶解；解散4．multiply vi.& vt.乘；增加5.gravity n．万有引力；重力6．extinct adj.灭绝的；绝种的7．solar adj.太阳的；日光的8．satellite n．卫星；人造卫星9.spaceship n．宇宙飞船10．mammal n．哺乳动物11．lessen vi.& vt.减少；减轻12．weightlessly adv.失重地(2017·浙江卷)Mac heard a large vehicle behind him.He pulled in front of it as the wolf was catching up fast, just a dozen yards away now.停车[短语　多维应用]高频短语1．in time及时；终于2．prevent...from阻止；制止3．now that既然4．cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋5．lay eggs下蛋6．give birth to产生；分娩[语境运用]　(填入一个适当的词)Now ①that we all understand that the haze is harmful to our health，we should take effective measures to prevent it ②from getting from bad to worse.No matter what happens，we must cheer ③up and try to reduce the pollution.If we keep on，we'll succeed ④in time.7．in one's turn 轮到某人8．watch out for密切注意；当心；提防9．depend on依靠；取决于10．break out突发；爆发11．block out挡住(光线)12．get the hang of熟悉；掌握；理解13．at midnight在午夜[语境运用]　(填入一个适当的词)A fire broke⑤out in the building last night.Luckily，the firefighters arrived in time and put out the fire.We were warned to watch out ⑥for electricity and gas when cooking our meals.Thanks to the firefighters' help，we were not injured.They are the men that we can depend ⑦on when we are in trouble.[句式　结构仿写]教材原句背诵句式仿写应用1．make＋ it＋ adj.＋for sb.＋ to do This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)我认为我们参加晚宴时带点小礼物是个好主意。I think it a good idea to bring a small gift when we attend a dinner party.2.倍数表达法But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.我付出的时间和精力是以前的三倍多，所以我相信我这次能成功。I devoted three times as much time and energy as I did before，so I believe I will succeed this time.3.now that引导原因状语从句...walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)既然你对我校这么感兴趣，为什么不来看看呢？Now that you are so interested in our school, why not come here and have a look？1．harmful adj.有害的(1)be harmful to对……有害harmless adj.无害的(2)cause/do harm to ...对……造成伤害/有害(3)there is no harm in doing sth.做某事没有害处 the harmful effects of tobacco烟草的害处be harmful to children's teeth对儿童的牙齿有害[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(广东卷)Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people.②(2019·浙江卷)However, no praise from parents also does harm to their self­confidence.③He may not be able to help but there's no harm in asking(ask) him.[链接写作]——一句多译有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度， 这对他们的健康非常有害。 ①Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which is very harmful to their health．(harmful)②Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which does great harm to their health．(harm)2．exist vi.存在，生存(1)exist in在于……exist on＝live on靠……生存There exist(s) ...有……(2)existence n．存在；实有；生活；生活方式come into existence出现；产生(3)existing adj.现存的；现行的[基础练习]——单句语法填空①You can't imagine what difficulty they have existing on the little money he's earning.②(2019·北京卷) A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing (exist) relationships.③(2019·江苏卷) So scientists are trying their best to save the species from going out of existence(exist). [链接写作]——词汇升级(普通表达)Scientists have many theories about how the universe started to exist.(高级表达)Scientists have many theories about how the universe came into existence/came into being．[名师点津]　exist是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态和进行时。3．puzzle n．谜；难题 vt. & vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难(1)puzzle about/over sth. 苦苦思索；仔细琢磨a puzzle to sb.一件让某人感到困惑的事情(2)puzzled adj. 感到困惑的be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解(3)puzzling adj.令人困惑的(4)puzzlement n．困惑a puzzled look迷惑的神色a puzzling question令人疑惑的问题a word puzzle字谜[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(四川卷)People have long puzzled about/over how the Egyptians moved such large rocks.②a.When the little girl was asked such a puzzling (puzzle) question, she stood there with a surprised look on her face.　b．This morning, when I was walking on the street, I saw that two travelers were reading a map, looking puzzled (puzzle)．③Much to the puzzlement (puzzle) of his mother，he left home without saying a word.[链接写作]——完成句子①What puzzles me most (最让我困惑的) is why he manages to get away each time he does something wrong.②The cause of fire was a puzzle to the firemen(让消防队员困惑的事情)．4．in time及时；终于on time准时in no time立刻， 赶快， 马上at a time每次，一次at one time曾经；一度at times有时at no time在任何时候都不，从来没有at the same time同时；尽管如此[基础练习]——单句语法填空① (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I still can't believe what a coincidence it was.I'm just so glad I was there in time to help (help)my son.②a.(浙江卷)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit.　b．(陕西卷)The manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will in time.　c．(辽宁卷)At no time did they actually break the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.③(浙江卷)Each student is allowed to borrow two books at a time from the school library.[链接写作]——完成句子①(全国卷Ⅲ)曾经我甚至感到我父母不理解我，我希望我能自由。At one time, I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be free from them.②(山东卷)常言道， “有志者事竟成”， 我们的努力迟早会有所回报。As a proverb goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Our efforts will pay off in time．5．in one's turn轮到某人(1)take turns doing/to do sth.轮流做某事It's one's turn (to do sth.)轮到某人(做某事)了 (2)by turns轮流着in turn反过来；依次[基础练习]——单句语法填空①At the meeting they took turns to put/putting (put) forward a number of suggestions aiming to promote the reform of education system.②It's my turn to pick (pick) up the kids after school this week.③It is our responsibility to take care of our sick mother by turns.[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级(湖北卷改编)人们使用自己的小汽车避免公共交通延误，反过来，这将造成更多的问题。(普通表达)People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this in turn creates more problems.(高级表达)People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，which in turn creates more problems．(非限制性定语从句)6．cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋(1)cheer sb.on以喝彩声鼓励某人；为某人加油(2)cheering adj.能鼓舞人的；使人振作/高兴的cheerful adj.快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的(3)Cheers！(用于祝酒)干杯！burst into cheers突然欢呼起来cheer their sports teams为她们的运动队加油[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(天津卷)—I'm thinking of the test tomorrow.I'm afraid I can't pass this time.—Cheer up! I'm sure you will make it.②The cheering news made the sad boy cheerful，which made his parents very excited.(cheer)③(天津卷)Cathy didn't expect any award but was still there to cheer on her friends and praise their accomplishments.[链接写作]——词汇升级(普通表达)When I'm feeling sad, my mother tells me funny stories to make me happy.(高级表达)When I'm feeling depressed,  my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me up．7．[教材佳句]This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。[句法句式]句中为“make it＋adj.＋for sb.to do sth.”句型， 其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为for life to develop。(1)make＋it＋形容词/名词＋that从句make＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do不定式make＋it＋no good/no use/no value ...＋doing sth.(2)常用于这种句型的动词：make，think，consider，find，feel等。[金句推送]　(北京卷)To make it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better keep this card at hand.为了更便于联系我们，你最好将这张卡片放在身边。[基础练习]——单句语法填空①(山东卷)Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.②(福建卷)It was the culture，rather than the language，that made it hard for him to adapt(adapt) to the new environment abroad.③I consider it no use quarrelling(quarrel) with him about it because he is too stubborn.[链接写作]——句式升级(普通表达)I think reading in bed is no good，which does great harm to your eyes.(高级表达)I think it no good reading in bed，which does great harm to your eyes.(形式宾语)8．[教材佳句]But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。[句法句式]句中twice as far as...是一种倍数的表示方法，意为“是……的两倍远”。常见的倍数句型：(1)...倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as...(2)...倍数＋形容词比较级/副词比较级＋than...(3)...倍数＋the size/length/height/depth/width＋of...[金句推送]　(安徽卷)It's said that the power plant is now twice as large as what it was. 据说该发电厂现在是以前的两倍大。[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①(江苏卷)The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster(fast) than traditional garbage as a whole.②The new stadium being built for the 2022 Asian Games will three times the height(high) of the present one.③This famous company has produced twice as much electric vehicles this year as last year.much→many[链接写作]——一句多译 众所周知，地球是月球的49倍大。①As is known to us, the earth is forty­nine times as big as the moon.②It is known to us that the earth is forty­nine times bigger than the moon.③What is known to us is that the earth is forty­nine times the size of the moon.[名师点津]　表示“两倍”时要用double或twice，三倍或三倍以上用“基数词＋times”。有时我们也用分数、百分数、half等代替倍数。多维训练——夯实基础维度1——用所给词的正确形式填空1．(湖北卷)Can you tell the subtle difference between the words “require” and “request”？ I sometimes get puzzled(puzzle) by their meanings.2．What is known to us all is that drinking too much is harmful(harm) to your health.3．Some insects have been found living (live) for several years without any water.4．The People's Republic of China came into existence (exist) as an independent country in 1949.5．Last night, Mrs.Green had a heart attack.But luckily, the doctor came in time to save(save) her life.维度2——在空白处填入一个适当的词6．Though injured seriously, he tried to cheer up, hoping to make his parents less worried.7．Getting angry not only does harm to one's health but also has a bad effect on the relationship between people.8．Whether the buildings in this area should be pulled down has remained controversial; people are still looking for other possible solutions.9．John，as well as his brother was responsible for the loss.10．Now that we have finished designing, the company, in its turn, should do the constructing work.维度3——查缺补漏11．She strongly objected to my mother's marriage.Surprisingly, my mother's reaction(react) to it was rather calm.12．(全国卷Ⅰ)Lots of studies have shown that global(globe) warming has already become a very serious problem.13．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ) Now that you are fond of Chinese traditional culture, I think this is a great opportunity that cannot be missed.14．The conversation was carried on in a harmonious and friendly atmosphere.15．At last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket, which broke out at ten this morning.语篇练习——提升能力提能一　单元话题语篇练根据P25—26教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式The earth was just a cloud of dust 1．whose future is uncertain after the “Big Bang”．Then the dust began to settle into a solid ball which is so 2.violent (violence) and exploded loudly with fire and rock, to be in time 3.to produce (produce) many things, which make the earth's atmosphere.As the earth cooled down, water began to appear and it allowed the earth to dissolve 4.harmful (harm) gases.Then life began to develop.Many millions of years later, small plants appeared.They multiplied and 5.filled (fill) the oceans and seas with oxygen.Land 6．animals (animal) followed after the first green plants appeared.Then small clever animals spread all 7．over the earth.Humans developed new means of growing, hunting and moving around.As time went by they covered the earth.Now too much carbon dioxide has been put into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from 8.escaping (escape) from the earth into space.As a result, the problem of global warming occurs.9.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can 10.be solved (solve)．提能二　单元话题写作练1．补全要点句(加黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)①我们日常生活中到处有险境。There exists danger everywhere in our daily life.②上周日，我家附近的一座大楼发生了火灾。Last Sunday, a fire broke out in a building near my home.③楼梯到处是烟雾，使得人们很难逃生。The stairs were full of smoke, which made it difficult for people to escape.④消防队员及时赶到。The firefighters arrived in time．⑤消防队员到来后就不允许我们靠近了。The firefighters didn't permit us to get close as soon as they arrived.⑥他们说既然他们来了，就轮到他们去救那些被困住的人了。They said now that they came here, it was their turn to rescue those who were trapped．⑦依靠他们的专业知识，他们很快就阻止了火势的蔓延。Depending on their professional knowledge, they quickly prevented the fire from spreading．⑧从这个故事我们知道，我们能否阻止火灾取决于我们是否有安全意识。From the story, we know that whether we can stop fire disasters or not depends on whether we have a sense of safety.2．升级平淡句用定语从句和非谓语动词合并④⑤⑥句The firefighters arrived in time, who didn't permit us to get close as soon as they arrived, saying now that they came here, it was their turn to rescue those who were trapped.3．衔接成美文(注意利用适当的过渡衔接词汇：and, luckily)There exists danger everywhere in our daily life. Last Sunday, a fire broke out in a building near my home and the stairs were full of smoke, which made it difficult for people to escape. Luckily, the firefighters arrived in time, who didn't permit us to get close as soon as they arrived, saying now that they came here, it was their turn to rescue those who were trapped. Depending on their professional knowledge, they quickly prevented the fire from spreading. From the story, we know that whether we can stop fire disasters or not depends on whether we have a sense of safety.