2021高三统考人教英语一轮（经典版）学案：第一部分Book4Unit4Bodylanguage

Unit 4  Body language 基础自主检测阅读识记Ⅰ.英译汉1.dormitory n. 宿舍2.canteen n. 食堂3.crossroads n. 十字路口4.cassette n. 磁带Ⅱ.汉译英1.cheek n. 面颊2.fist n. 拳头3.yawn vi. 打哈欠4.hug vi.& vt. 拥抱5.rank n. 等级；军衔高频应用1.flight n. 飞行；航班2.dash vi. 猛冲；突进3.adult n. 成人；成年人　adj. 成人的；成熟的4.likely adj. 可能的5.function n. 作用；功能；职能　vi. 起作用；运转6.ease n. 安逸；舒适　vt. 减轻(痛苦、忧虑)拓展变形1.statement (n.) 陈述；说明→state (vt.) 声明；陈述   (n.) 状态；州；国家2.greet (vi.& vt.) 迎接；问候→greeting (n.) 迎接；问候；招呼3.represent (vt.) 代表；象征→representative (adj.) 有代表性的 (n.) 代表；典型人物4.association (n.) 社团；联系；联想→associate (vt.) 把……联系起来5.curious (adj.) 好奇的→curiously  (adv.) 好奇地→curiosity (n.) 好奇；好奇心6.approach (vt.& vi.) 接近；靠近；走近 (n.) 接近；方法；途径7.defend (vt.) 保护；保卫→defence (n.) 防御；保卫→defensive (adj.) 防御性的；有戒心的8.major (adj.) 主要的→majority (n.) 大多数；大部分9.misunderstand (vt.) 误解；误会→misunderstood (过去式/过去分词)→misunderstanding  (n.) 误解；误会10.simply (adv.) 简单地；只→simple (adj.) 简单的；朴素的→simplify (vt.) 简化11.spoken (adj.) 口语的→unspoken (adj.) 未说出口的；心照不宣的12.facial (adj.) 面部的→face (n.) 脸；面部13.truly  (adv.) 真实地；真诚地；真正地→true (adj.) 真实的→truth (n.) 事实；真理14.false (adj.) 错误的；假的15.anger (n.) 怒气；怒火→angry (adj.) 生气的→angrily (adv.) 愤怒地；生气地16.subjective (adj.) 主观的→objective (反义词) (adj.) 客观的→subject (n.) 学科；主题 1.形容词变为副词去掉字母e加ly①true→truly②possible→possibly③comfortable→comfortably2.形容词变为副词不去掉字母e直接加ly①entire→entirely②complete→completely③fortunate→fortunately3.后缀­ly构成的形容词①likely 可能的②brotherly 兄弟般的③costly 昂贵的④daily 日常的⑤friendly 友好的⑥lively 活泼的⑦manly 有男子气概的⑧lovely 可爱的⑨orderly 整洁的⑩weekly 每周的  一 动词＋介词1.defend ... against 保卫……以免受2.put up 举起；抬起；建造；张贴；提高二 介词＋名词3.on the contrary 相反4.in general 总的来说；通常5.at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在三 其他6.as if 好像7.be likely to 很可能……；有希望……8.lose face 丢脸9.turn one's back to 背对；背弃10.as well as 和……一样好；而且；也；和表示“通常；总之”的短语(1)“通常；一般而言”①in general 通常；一般来说②generally speaking 一般来说(2)“总之”①in a word 总之②all in all 总之③in conclusion 总之④in short/brief 总之；简言之⑤on the whole 总的来说_________________________________________________________________1.“特殊疑问词＋插入语＋疑问句剩余部分”句式What  do_you_think (你认为) is the purpose of language? (教材P25)2.动词不定式作后置定语The_first_person_to_arrive (第一个到达的人) was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from  Britain. (教材P26)3.not all ... 表示部分否定Not_all_cultures_greet_each_other_the_same_way (各种文化背景下的人互致问候的方式不尽相同), nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. (教材P26)4.(sb./sth.) be likely to do sth.(某人或某物)可能做某事However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are_more_likely_to_touch (很可能接触) them. (教材P26)单句语法填空1.Yesterday, another student and I, ________ (represent) our university's student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year's international students.答案：representing2.I saw several young people enter the waiting area ________ (look) around curiously.答案：looking3.I stood for a minute ________ (watch) them and then went to greet them.答案：watching4.She stepped back ________ (appear) surprised and put up her hands, as if ________ defence.答案：appearing; in5.When Darlene Coulon from France came ________ (dash) through the door, she recognized Tony Garcia's smiling face.答案：dashing6.These actions are not good or bad, ________ are simply ways ________ which cultures have developed.答案：but; in7.Body language is one of ________ most powerful means of communication, often even more powerful than ________ (speak) language.答案：the; spoken8.________ (nod) the head up and down ________ (use) for agreement almost worldwide.答案：Nodding; is used9.In almost every culture ________ is not usually good to stand too close to someone of a  ________ (high) rank.答案：it; higher10.Standing at a little distance with open hands will show ________ I am willing to listen.答案：that考点步步冲关1 represent　vt. 代表；描绘；表现；体现；象征Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university's student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year's international students.(P26)昨天，我和另一个同学代表我们大学的学生会去首都国际机场迎接今年的国际学生。(1)represent ...  as ... 宣称……为……；把……描绘成……(2)representative n. 代表　adj. 典型的；有代表性的(3)on behalf of 代表……即时练1单句语法填空①The article represents the millionaire ________ a simple family man.②In the afternoon, you together with some of our student ________ (represent) are going to visit the Haihe River and enjoy the beautiful scenery there.答案：①as　②representatives一句多译我非常高兴代表我们学校告诉你们有关这些活动的一些事宜。③____________________________， I'm glad to tell you something about these activities. (represent)④____________________________， I'm glad to tell you something about these activities. (behalf)答案：③Representing our school　④On behalf of our school2 approach　vt.& vi. 接近；靠近；走近n. 接近；方法；途径Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek！(P26)托尼走近朱莉娅，摸了摸她的肩，并亲了她的脸！(1)the approach of ... ……的来临/临近an approach to (doing) sth. 做某事的方法(2)approach sth./sb. 接近/靠近某物/某人[名师点津]　(1)approach 表示“接近；靠近”时，为不可数名词；表示“处理、对待……的方法、途径”时，为可数名词，其后常与to搭配。(2)表示“(做)事情的方法”的搭配有：the approach to (doing) sth.the way to do/of (doing) sth.the means of (doing) sth.the method of/for (doing) sth.(3)注意以下不同的介词搭配：with this method/in this way/by this means即时练2单句语法填空①The job market has changed and our approach to ________ (find) work must change as well.②________ (approach) the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.③All the ________ (approach)  to the airport were blocked by the police yesterday.答案：①finding　②Approaching　③approaches一句多译随着教师节的临近，我们班决定举行一场晚会来庆祝这个重要的节日。④____________________________， our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day.⑤____________________________， our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day.⑥____________________________， our class decided to hold a party to celebrate the important day.答案：④As Teachers' Day was approaching　⑤With Teachers' Day approaching　⑥As Teachers' Day was drawing near 3 curious　adj. 好奇的Julie was curious to find out more, so after talking with her parents that evening, she booked a flight to South America.(P28)朱莉想了解更多，所以那晚与父母交谈之后订了去南美的航班。(1)be curious about 对……感到好奇be curious to do sth. 渴望做某事(2)curiosity n. 好奇心；珍品with curiosity 好奇地out of curiosity 出于好奇(3)curiously adv. 好奇地即时练3单句语法填空①Besides, the life of American high school students is a good choice because Chinese students are curious ________ the school life of American students.②People gathered round, curious ________ (know) what was happening.③They help us understand science subjects better and arouse our ________ (curious) about scientific discoveries.答案：①about　②to know　③curiosity单句写作——句式升级④a.普通表达：He ____________________ (对……好奇) Australian cities, so he read the book written by Dr Johnson.b．高级表达：______________________， he read the book written by Dr Johnson. (把a句升级为形容词短语作状语)答案：a.was curious about　b．Curious about Australian cities 1be likely to 很可能……；有希望……教材原句However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.(P26)不过，来自像西班牙、意大利或南美等国家的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且很可能(用身体)接触对方。(1)sb./sth. be likely to do sth. 某人/某物可能做某事It is likely that ... 做……是可能的。(主语从句)Not likely! 不可能！(2)unlikely adj. 不太可能的 likely指从外表、迹象上进行判断有可能发生。既可以用人也可以用物作主语It is likely that ...或sb./sth.  is likely to do sth.possible指客观上有可能，但往往含有希望很小的意味。不能用人作主语It is possible (for sb.) to do sth. 或 It is possible that ...probableprobable的可能性比possible大，表示“很可能，十有八九”。也不能以人作主语It's probable that ... 不能用It's probable for sb. to do这一结构 即时练1单句语法填空①A great decline in young work force is likely ________ (occur)  in China, for instance.②Students should listen more to their classmates, thus they will help and learn from each other, and a friendship is likely ________ (form)．答案：①to occur　②to be formed同义句转换③If you grow up in a large family, you ____________________ the ability to get on well with others.→If you grow up in a large family, __________________ you develop the ability to get on well with others.④It's probable that they will come back next week.→____________________ they will come back next week.→It's possible ______________________ next week.→They ____________________ next week.答案：③are more likely to develop; it is more likely that④It's likely/possible that; for them to come back; are likely to come back 2in general 总的来说；通常教材原句In general, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads！(P26)但总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能帮助我们避免交往中的困难！(1)general knowledge 常识as a general rule  一般而言；通常(2)generally adv. 一般地；通常地generally speaking通常来说；总的来说(在句中作插入语)即时练2单句语法填空①________ general, women can expect to live six or seven years more than men.②________ (general) speaking, parents care more about their children's health than about their own.③________ a general rule, the more expensive the computer is, the better it is.答案：①In　②Generally　③As 3at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在教材原句The most universal facial expression is, of course, the smile—its function is to show happiness and put people at ease.(P30)最普遍使用的面部表情当然是微笑——其作用是表示快乐和使人心静。with ease 轻易地；毫不费力地feel/look at ease 感到/看上去心情放松put sb. at ease 使某人放松即时练3单句语法填空①He didn't feel completely ________  ease in the strange surroundings.②He passed the exam ________ ease.答案：①at　②with 4lose face 丢脸；失面子教材原句There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone “loses face” and smiles to hide it. (P30)还有不愉快的微笑，比如当某人“丢了面子”就会用微笑来掩饰。(1)save one's face 挽回面子make a face 做鬼脸(2)be faced with 面对(3)face to face 面对面in the face of 面对(问题、困难、危险等)即时练4单句写作①你最好全力以赴去实现它，否则你会颜面尽失的。You'd better make great efforts to achieve it, otherwise you will ________________.②弗兰克为了保全面子，没有承认失败，而是做了个鬼脸。Rather than admit failure, Frank ________________ in order to ________________.③面对困难时，我们从不放弃而是努力寻找出路。____________________，we never give up but try our best to find a way out.④我从来没有和她见过面。我们只在电话中交谈过。I've never met her ____________________. We've only talked on the phone.⑤在面对困难时，我们不应该泄气。We should not lose heart ____________________.答案：①lose face　②made a face; save his face　③Faced with difficulties　④face to face　⑤in the face of difficulties The first person to_arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.(P26)翻译第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼·加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅·史密斯。to arrive是不定式作后置定语。(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级，next, only, last等限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。(2)动词不定式作定语常用来修饰抽象名词，常见的有：ability, chance, ambition, effort, anxiety, answer, attempt, way等。(3)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具，不定式后面须加相应的介词。即时练单句写作①在1931年，亚当斯成为美国第一位获得诺贝尔和平奖的女士。In 1931, Addams became the first American woman ________________ the Nobel Peace Prize.②表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。The ability ________________ an idea is as important as the idea itself.③李先生买了一套舒适的公寓居住。Mr Li bought a comfortable flat ______________.答案：①to win　②to express　③to live in动词­ing形式作定语和状语动词的­ing形式作定语1．表示名词的属性、作用或用途。①There is a swimming pool in our school.在我们学校有一个游泳池。2．表示所修饰的名词的动作或状态，相当于一个定语从句。②The boy studying in the classroom is our monitor.→The boy who is studying in the classroom is our monitor.在教室学习的男孩是我们班长。3．当分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语作定语，则放在该名词后。③I was satisfied with the exciting speech.我对这次激动人心的演讲感到满意。④They lived in a house facing south.他们住在朝南的一个房子里。动词的­ing形式作状语　动词的­ing形式在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随情况等。⑤Turning around, I saw a car coming.当我转身的时候，我看到一辆车开过来。⑥Not knowing his telephone number, I couldn't get in touch with him.因为不知道他的电话号码，我不能和他取得联系。⑦Working hard, you'll make great progress.努力学习，你就能取得巨大进步。⑧He came running back to tell me the news.他跑回来告诉了我这个消息。即时练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．It improved her ________ (live) conditions.答案：living2．The child slipped and fell, ________ (hit) his head against the door.答案：hitting3．________ (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.答案：Having worked4．Today there are more airplanes ________ (carry) more people than ever before in the skies.答案：carrying5．When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, ________ (wonder) whether to stay or leave.答案：wonderingⅡ.单句改错1．Nowadays there are some students use cell phones to copy teacher's lecture notes._________________________________________________________________答案：use→using2．Judged from the name, we think she must be a kind­hearted woman._________________________________________________________________答案：Judged→Judging3．I believe she lay awake at night thought up important things to do the next day._________________________________________________________________答案：thought→thinking4．Not have enough hands, they couldn't finish the work in time._________________________________________________________________答案：have→having5．Have turned off the TV set, he began to go over his lessons._________________________________________________________________答案：Have→Having基础达标演练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．________ (misunderstand) by others when you do nothing wrong at all is quite a bad experience.答案：Being misunderstood2．The earlier you get rid of smoking, the ________ (likely) you are to protect yourself against serious illnesses in later life.答案：more likely3．Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to ________ (work) things out.答案：working4．You could see whether he wants to chat or not from his ________ (face) expression and body language.答案：facial5．On National Day, Tian'anmen Square looks even more beautiful ________ all lights on.答案：with6．Simon has lived in Spain for more than 10 years, but ________ (curious) enough, he can't speak a word of Spanish.答案：curiously7．With only a few people ________ (greet) her, the old lady felt much left out at the party.答案：greeting8．There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland ________ (stare) at the night sky.答案：staring9．The exhibition was organized by the school in ________ (associate) with local artists.答案：association10．Parents, of course, will do everything they could ________ (defend) their children from harm.答案：to defendⅡ.单句改错1．The day is fine, they decided to go swimming._________________________________________________________________答案：is→being2．In generally, children today are healthier than the past, and have a better education._________________________________________________________________答案：generally→general3．At the meeting they discussed three different approaches of the study of mathematics._________________________________________________________________答案：第一个of→to4．The new cellphones have lots of function, but as for me, they are not of great use._________________________________________________________________答案：function→functions5．He sat back in the chair, took a book and began to read, looking rather at an ease._________________________________________________________________答案：去掉anⅢ.教材微写作A．根据提示完成句子1．肢体语言是人们之间交流的一种方法。(communication)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：Body language is a way of communication between people.2．有着不同文化背景的人们对彼此的手势很有可能产生误会。(misunderstand;  gesture)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：People from different cultures may misunderstand the gestures they use.3．我们向某人点头时表示我们同意他的观点。(nod at sb.; agree with)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：When we nod at somebody we mean we agree with his opinion.4．在有些国家点头表示的是反对。(disagreement)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：In some countries nodding one's head means disagreement.5．我们通常认为交谈时正视别人表示我们在认真倾听；在有些地区这种做法是不礼貌的。(look straight at somebody)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：We generally think looking straight at somebody shows that we are listening to him attentively, while in some districts, it is rude.6．如果你身在国外，了解当地的肢体语言是非常重要的。(it is important for sb.  to do sth.; have a good understanding of)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：It is very important for you to have a good understanding of the body language there if you are in a foreign country.B．将以上句子连成一篇逻辑严密的短文，注意书写规范答案：Body language is a way of communication. However,  people from different cultures may misunderstand the gestures they use. For example, when we nod at somebody we mean we agree with his opinion. But in some countries nodding one's head means disagreement. We generally think looking straight at somebody shows that we are listening to him attentively, while in some districts, it is rude. Therefore it is very important for you to have a good understanding of the body language there if you are in a foreign country.