2021高三全国统考英语（话题版）一轮学案：第1编话题三Book5Unit5Firstaid


话题三　社会服务与人际沟通

[对应教材]　Book 5　Unit 5　First aid　Book 7　Unit 4　Sharing
(一)核心素养下的话题解读
“社会服务与人际沟通”是高中课程标准中“人与社会”主题语境内容要求之一，该内容包括“良好的人际关系与社会交往；公益事业与志愿服务；跨文化沟通、包容与合作”等方面。这些话题与学生的日常生活关系密切。高考英语通过这些话题让学生了解如何与人友好相处的同时，提高为公益事业服务的意识，同时培养跨文化交际能力与团队合作精神。
[高考探究]
“社会服务与人际沟通”这个话题常与阅读理解、完形填空、七选五、语法填空、书面表达等相结合进行考查，分值占有较大的比例。例如：
话题三
卷别
试题类型
文章大意
社会服务与人际沟通
2019全国卷Ⅱ
阅读C篇
美国人喜欢独自吃饭的原因
2017全国卷Ⅱ
阅读B篇
作者和一位著名演员的友谊
2016全国卷Ⅰ
阅读B篇
美国老人该不该选择和儿孙住在一起

续表
话题三
卷别
试题类型
文章大意
社会服务与人际沟通
2016全国卷Ⅰ
阅读C篇
作者运送干细胞的经历
2016全国卷Ⅱ
阅读C篇
介绍了一个图书漂流网站
2016全国卷Ⅲ
阅读D篇
在社交网络中，积极信息战胜了消极信息
2019全国卷Ⅱ
七选五阅读
主要介绍了激发动力的想法
2018全国卷Ⅱ
完形填空
意外的重聚——亲生父亲关键时刻营救儿子
2017全国卷Ⅰ
完形填空
作者学习美式手语的经历与感悟
2018全国卷Ⅱ
书面表达
通知大家观看英语短片

(二)构建思维导图，提升思维品质
图一　Book 5　Unit 5　First aid

图二　Book 7　Unit 4　Sharing

(三)根据思维导图，完成概要写作
图一：概要写作
①First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns. ②You can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire and so on. ③There are three types of burns, called first, second or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned. ④Once you're burned, you'll see different characteristics of burns in different degrees. At first, you'll feel mildly painful with the dry and red burns. Then, as the burns become red and watery, you'll feel extremely painful. In third degree burns, it will become white and black but somehow you will feel little pain. ⑤As for first aid treatment, it's a good idea to remove clothing, cool burns, dry the burned area, etc. Of course, seeing a doctor is always a good choice.
图二：概要写作
Dear Rosemary，
①It was wonderful to hear from you, learning you're dying to hear all about my life here.
②My high school is a bush school—the classrooms are made of bamboo and the roofs of grass. It takes me only a few minutes to walk there. Although there's no electricity or water and even no textbooks, I've become more imaginative in my teaching, trying to satisfy the students' curiosity.
You asked whether I'm getting to know any local people. Well, that's actually quite difficult as I don't speak much of the local English dialect yet. ③But last weekend I visited a student, Tombe. In his home I learned a lot about the local customs. It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe's family.
④It's getting late and I have to do some paperwork. Please write soon.
Love，
Jo



1．Last week, our school held a fire drill, offering us a chance to learn the skills of escaping from a fire.
上周我们学校举行了一次消防演习，给我们提供了一次学习火中逃生技能的机会。
2．What impressed me most was that the classmates didn't hesitate to offer each other a helping hand when in danger.
给我印象最深的是，在遇到危险时，同学们毫不犹豫地互相帮助。
3．On seeing a student fall down, I immediately made my way to help him stand up while another student stopped to prevent others from walking down the stairs, in case more students would fall over.
看到一个学生跌倒，我立刻上前扶他站起来，同时另外一个同学停下来阻止其他同学下楼梯，以防更多的同学摔倒。
4．It is through this activity that I realize the importance of having a good command of the skills of first aid.
正是通过这次活动，我意识到熟练掌握急救技能的重要性。


自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心单词
(1)bleed (vi.& vt.) 流血→blood (n.) 血；血液→bloody (adj.) 出血的；血腥的；残暴的
(2)poison (n.) 毒药；毒害 (vt.) 毒害；使中毒→poisonous (adj.) 有毒的
(3)variety (n.) 变化；多样(化)；多变(性)→various (adj.) 各种各样的→vary (vt.& vi.) 不同；改变；变更
(4)mild (adj.) 轻微的；温和的；温柔的→mildly (adv.) 温和地；温柔地
(5)swell (vi.& vt.) (使)膨胀；隆起→swollen (adj.) 肿胀的
(6)squeeze (vt.& vi.) 榨；挤；压榨
(7)pour (vt.& vi.) 倒；灌；注；涌
(8)tight (adj.) 牢的；紧的；紧密的→tightly (adv.) 紧地；牢牢地
(9)firm (adj.) (动作)稳定有力的；坚定的→firmly (adv.) 坚固地；稳定地
(10)treat (vt.& vi.) 治疗；对待；款待 (n.) 款待；招待→treatment (n.) 治疗；诊疗；对待
(11)apply (vt.) 涂；敷；搽；应用；运用 (vi.) 申请；请求；使用；有效→application (n.) 申请；请求；应用；运用；涂抹
Ⅱ　阅读单词
(1)temporary (adj.) 暂时的；临时的
(2)injury (n.) 损伤；伤害
(3)choke (vi.& vt.) (使)噎住；(使)窒息
(4)barrier (n.) 屏障；障碍(物)
(5)complex (adj.) 复杂的
(6)unbearable (adj.) 难以忍受的；不能容忍的
(7)vital (adj.) 至关重要的；生死攸关的
(8)ceremony (n.) 典礼；仪式；礼节
(9)bravery (n.) 勇敢；勇气
(10)pressure (n.) 压力；挤压；压迫(感)
　[单句语法填空]
1．I ________ (firm) believe that the harder we work, the better our future will be.
答案：firmly
2．He said ________ (mild) to me that he didn't mean to upset me.
答案：mildly
3．The people in the flooded area fought ________ (brave) against the natural disaster.
答案：bravely
4．The burning plastic gave off a ________ (poison) gas, which is harmful to our health.
答案：poisonous
5．Tom got badly ________ (injury) in the car accident.
答案：injured
6．The rain came ________ (pour) down and of course the football game was cancelled.
答案：pouring
7．If not ________ (treat) properly, the infection can be very stubborn.
答案：treated
8．He ________ (bleed) from a gash on his head.
答案：was bleeding
9．These days, I can't fall asleep because the coming final exam is putting great ________ (press) on me.
答案：pressure
10．There is a wide ________ (vary) of patterns to choose from.
答案：variety

联想积累
1．“帮助”家族
①aid n．& vt. 帮助；援助
②facilitate vt. 帮助；促进
③assist vt. 帮助；协助
④assistance n. 帮助；协助
⑤support n．& vt. 支持；帮助
⑥sponsor vt. 赞助
2．后缀­ure构成的抽象名词集锦
①adventure 冒险
②architecture 建筑学
③failure 失败
④structure 结构
⑤pressure 压力；压迫(感)
⑥pleasure 快乐；高兴
3．“­al”为后缀的形容词速记
①historical (有关)历史的
②digital 数码的
③electrical 用电的；与电有关的
④equal 相等的；平等的
⑤physical 身体的
⑥mental 精神的
⑦essential 极其重要的；必不可少的
⑧vital 至关重要的；生死攸关的

1．fall_ill 生病
2．a_variety_of 各种各样的
3．squeeze_out 榨出；挤出
4．over_and_over_again 反复；多次
5．in_place 在适当的位置；适当
6．a number of 若干；许多
7．get injured 受伤
8．put one's hands on 找到
9．apply for 申请
10．make a difference 区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用
　[选词填空]
fall ill， over and over again， in place， a variety of， squeeze out， get injured
1．Everything should be put ________ before we leave the lab.
答案：in place
2．His teacher has told him ________ not to do that but he won't listen.
答案：over and over again
3．On arriving in London, Tom suddenly ________ because he couldn't bear the weather there.
答案：fell ill
4．John ________ in the football match last week.
答案：got injured
5．This tool can be used in ________ ways.
答案：a variety of
6．Please ________ the water of the wet clothes before hanging them.
答案：squeeze out

联想积累
1．make a＋n. 集锦
①make a difference 有影响；区别对待；起(重要)作用
②make a face 做鬼脸
③make a noise 制造噪音
④make a decision 作出决定
⑤make a comment 作评论
2．fall构成的短语再记
①fall ill/asleep/silent 生病/睡着/变得静悄悄的
②fall back 退却；后退
③fall behind 落后；落在……后面
④fall down 落下；倒下；不能令人满意
⑤fall into 陷入；可以分为；能够分成
⑥fall off (从某物上)掉下，脱落；(质量、数量等)下降，减少
⑦fall over 摔倒；(计算机或程序)发生故障，不运转
⑧fall through 落空，失败，成为泡影


课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.
除非衣服紧贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。
if necessary“如果需要的话”，是省去了it is的省略句。
Please bring your notebooks with you and take notes while listening to the lecture. We can have a discussion about it ______________.
请携带笔记本，听讲时记笔记。如果有必要，我们可以进行讨论。

答案：if necessary

直击重点 突破考点

①　aid　n．& vt. 帮助；援助；资助(P33)

(1)单句语法填空
John is so kind a boy that he often aids his mother ________ (clean) the house.
答案：to clean
(2)单句改错
Under the aid of a stick, I reached the village soon.
____________________________________________________________
答案：Under→With
(3)单句写作
We are collecting money ____________ cancer research.
我们正在筹集资金以资助癌症研究。
答案：in aid of

(1)with the aid/help of sth. 在某物的帮助下
in aid of 为了帮助/用以援助
do/give/offer/perform/carry out first aid 进行急救
(2)aid sb. in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事上帮助某人
aid sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事
aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事

②　injury　n. 损伤；伤害(P33)

(1)单句语法填空
①Many common ________ (injury) happen every day at home.
②The doctor operated on the ________ (injury) man at once.
答案：①injuries　②injured
(2)单句写作
①____________ sent to the nearest hospital immediately.
伤者马上被送往最临近的医院。
②Be careful to pick out your words to avoid ________________ the little girl.
小心言语，避免伤害到这个小女孩。
答案：①The injured were　②doing an injury to

(1)do an injury to sb. 对某人造成伤害
(2)injure vt. 伤害(某人)；损害
(3)injured adj. 受伤的；受损害的
the injured 伤员/受伤者

the injured为“the＋adj.”用法，表示一类人，用作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。有类似用法的还有：the rich (富人们)，the poor (穷人们)，the young (年轻人们)，the old (老人们)等。

③　variety　n. 变化；多样(化)；多变(性)(P34)

(1)单句语法填空
He gave up the chance for ________ (variety) reasons.
答案：various
(2)单句写作
①This term, ____________ activities were held in our school, enriching our campus life.
本学期我校举办了各种课外活动，丰富了我们的校园生活。
②The height of the plants ____________ 8 cm ________ 20 cm.
这些植物的高度从8厘米到20厘米不等。
答案：①a variety of/varieties of/various　②varies from; to

(1)a variety of＝varieties of 各种各样的
(2)various adj. 各种各样的；不同种类的
(3)vary v. 变化；使多样化
vary from ... to ... 从……到……不等；在……到……之间变动

④　vital　adj. 至关重要的；生死攸关的(P35)

(1)单句语法填空
It is vital that schools ________ (teach) students to use computer technology.
答案：(should) teach
(2)单句写作
①Regular exercise ____________ your health.
经常锻炼对健康非常重要。
②As a matter of fact, ________________ do more reading when people are young.
实际上，人们年轻时多读书至关重要。
答案：①is vital for/to　②it is vital to

be vital to/for 对……至关/极其重要
It is vital to do sth. 做某事至关/极其重要
It is vital that ... 至关/极其重要的是……(从句谓语动词要用should＋动词原形，should可以省略)

⑤　treat　vt.& vi. 治疗；对待；款待　n. 款待；招待(P38)

(1)单句改错
She treated each of the children for an ice cream.
_____________________________________________________________
答案：for→to
(2)单句写作
①Don't treat this serious matter ____________.
不要把这件严肃的事看作是一个玩笑。
②Treat others in the same way you want to ____________.
己所不欲，勿施于人。
答案：①as a joke　②be treated

(1)treat sb./sth. like/as ... 把某人/某物看作……
treat sb. badly/well 虐待某人/对某人好
treat sth. seriously 严肃认真地对待某事
treat sb. to sth. 请某人吃某物；用某物招待某人
treat sth. with sth. 用某物医治某种疾病
(2)(It's) my treat. 我请客。
(3)treatment n. 治疗；对待；处理

⑥　apply　vi. 申请；请求；使用；有效　vt. 涂；敷；搽；应用；运用(P38)

(1)单句语法填空
①We should know how to apply the knowledge ________ practice.
②Karl is thinking about ________ (apply) for a manager's job in the company.
答案：①to　②applying
(2)单句写作
You will pass the exam only if you really ______________ your study.
只有专心学习，你才能通过这次考试。
答案：apply yourself to

(1)apply sth. to sth. 将某物应用于某物
apply to ... 适用于……
apply for ... 申请……
apply to ... for ... 向……申请……
apply oneself to (doing) sth. 专心于(做)某事
be applied to 适用于；应用于
(2)applied adj. 应用的；实用的
(3)application n. 应用；申请(书)
(4)applicant n. 申请人


①　in place 在适当的位置；适当(P35)

单句写作
①The chairs for the concert were nearly all ______________.
音乐会要用的椅子差不多都摆好了。
②Robots can now do such dangerous jobs ________________ human beings.
机器人现在可以代替人类做这样的危险工作。
答案：①in place　②in place of

(1)out of place 不在适当的位置；不恰当
(2)in place of 代替
take the place of sb./take sb.'s place 代替某人
(3)take place 发生，进行
(4)make place/room for 为……腾出地方

②　make a difference 有影响；区别对待；起(重要)作用(P38)

(1)单句语法填空
It isn't what you have done but what you will do that makes a ________ (different)．
答案：difference
(2)单句改错
Morning or afternoon, it will make no difference for me.
____________________________________________________________
答案：for→to
(3)单句写作
①Only through this experience did I realize that small things could ________________.
只有通过这次经历，我才意识到事情虽小意义非凡。
②Can you ________________ between the twins?
你能区分这对双胞胎吗？
答案：①make a big difference　②tell the difference

make some/no difference (to ...) (对……)有一些/没有作用或影响
tell the difference (between ... and ...) 辨别/区分(……与……的)差异


①　[教材原句]Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn. (P34)
除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。

单句语法填空
①Look out for cars when ________ (cross) the street.
②If ________ (impossible), I'll arrive there on time.
③When ________ (ask) what he had done, John just kept silent.
答案：①crossing　②possible　③asked

句中if necessary 为状语从句的省略形式，补充完整应为if it is necessary ...。
在when, while, if, as if, though, although, as, until, whether等连词或相当于连词的短语引导的状语从句中，如果谓语含有be动词的某种形式，且主语又跟主句的主语相同或是it时，从句的主语和be动词常可省略。

②　[教材原句]John was studying in his room when he heard screaming. (P38)
约翰正在房间里学习，这时他听到了一声尖叫。

单句写作
①I ________________________ I caught sight of an old man practicing calligraphy on the ground.
我正在跑步，突然看到一位老人在地上练习书法。
②We ________________ the bus when we noticed the shared bikes by the roadside.
我们正要上公共汽车，这时注意到了路边的共享单车。
③We ________________ the high­speed train when it began to pull out.
我们刚登上高铁，列车就开动了。
答案：①was running when　②were about to board/were on the point of boarding　③had just got on

(1)when在此作并列连词用，意为“在这时/那时”，相当于at this/that time。
(2)类似此用法的结构有：
be about to do ... when ... 正要做……这时……
be on the point of doing ... when ... 正要做……这时……
had just done ... when ... 刚做了……这时……

课文回练 升华运用
There are three types of burns. They are called first, second or third degree burns, __1__ (depend) on which layers of the skin are burned.
First degree burns affect only __2__ top layer of the skin. These burns are not serious and should feel __3__ (good) within a day or two. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by __4__ (touch) a hot pan, stove or iron for a moment.
Second degree burns affect __5__ the top and the second layer of the skin. These burns are serious __6__ take a few weeks __7__ (heal). Examples include severe sunburn and burns __8__ (cause) by hot liquids.
Third degree burns affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs __9__ the skin. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burns cause very severe __10__ (injure) and the victim must go to hospital at once.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.depending　2.the　3.better　4.touching　5.both　6.and　7.to heal　8.caused　9.under　10.injuries

基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It is vital that these forms ________ (send) back as early as possible.
答案：(should) be sent　It is vital that ... “……是十分重要的”。其中that从句中谓语动词应用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略，句中的forms和send之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。
2．________ the aid of the computer, we finished the experiment successfully.
答案：With　with the aid/help of ... “在……的帮助下”。
3．You'd better put things back ________ place. Otherwise, it will be difficult to find them.
答案：in　in place “在适当的位置”。
4．We ________ (watch) TV when there was a power failure.
答案：were watching　be doing ... when ... “正在做……这时……”，再由“there was ...”可知，应用过去进行时，故填were watching。
5．The new technology, if ________ (apply) to rice growing, will help increase the grain output.
答案：applied　从句为状语从句的省略形式，补充完整为“if it is applied ...”。The new technology与apply之间为被动关系，故填applied。
6．Men and women should ________ (treat) equally in education and employment.
答案：be treated　Men and women和treat之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。
7．If the cut ________ (bleed) a lot, stop it by applying gentle pressure with a clean washcloth.
答案：is bleeding　此处表示伤口正在流血，故此处应用现在进行时，表示现在正在持续的状态。
8．Everyone arrived late at the party for ________ (variety) reasons.
答案：various　修饰名词reasons应用形容词，表示“各种各样的”，故填various。
9．Nowadays, television violence ________ (poison) the minds of young people.
答案：is poisoning　表示现阶段正在持续发生的动作，应用现在进行时。
10．Dozens of people got ________ (injury) and many vehicles were set on fire.
答案：injured　get injured “受伤”。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．Besides, a good reading habit ________________(意义非凡).
答案：makes a great difference
2．______________ (如有必要), we shall write an email to inform him of the latest development.
答案：If necessary
3．________________ that running does good to our health.
毫无疑问跑步对我们的健康有益。
答案：There is no doubt
4．_____________________________________________________________
他们正通过互联网募资来给各种项目提供资金。(a variety of)
答案：They are raising money via the Internet to fund a variety of projects.
5．____________________________________________________________
如果你不设定目标，你将一事无成。
答案：You will never get anywhere unless you have set your goal.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·贵阳市普通高中高三年级摸底考试)One night __1__ winter, a bear came into the city in Vancouver, Canada. It walked through the city streets past houses, shops and offices. Then it __2__ (find) some food in bins outside a restaurant and started eating. In the morning, someone saw the bear and called the police. The police came with a vet (兽医) from the city zoo. They put the bear in a lorry and took it to the mountains outside the city. __3__ (lucky), the bear was safe. But __4__ happens in other countries when big animals come into cities? In Vancouver it is unusual __5__ (see) a bear, but in some cities you can see big animals on the city streets every day.
Big animals usually come into cities to find food. In Cape Town in South Africa baboons (狒狒) come into the city when they are __6__ (hunger). Human food is very bad for the baboons' __7__ (tooth) because it has a lot of sugar. Now, there are Baboon Monitors working in Cape Town. __8__ (they) job is to find baboons in the city and return them to the countryside.
In Berlin, Germany, pigs sometimes come into the city for food. They eat flowers and plants in parks and gardens. Sometimes they eat vegetables from gardens __9__ they walk in the street, causing accidents. Some people like the pigs and they give them food and water. Other people do not like the pigs and they want the government and the police to stop them __10__ (enter) the city.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了温哥华、开普敦和柏林三个城市对待闯入城市的动物的方式。
1．in　考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示“在冬天的一个晚上”，故应用介词in，表示“在(某月、某年、某季节等)”。
2．found　考查动词的时态。根据上文中的“One night”和本句中的“started”可知，这里讲述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时，填found。
3．Luckily　考查副词。根据该空后面的逗号和句子成分可知，此处要填副词修饰整个句子，故填Luckily。
4．what　考查疑问句。根据该句句末的问号并结合语境可知，该句是一个疑问句，且该句子的主句缺少主语，表示“什么”，故填what。
5．to see　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句中的“it”为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的动词不定式，故填to see。
6．hungry　考查词性转换。be动词后面要接形容词作表语，表明主语的状况，故填hungry。
7．teeth　考查名词。tooth “牙齿”为可数名词，此处表示“狒狒的牙齿”，为复数概念，故该空要填名词tooth的复数形式teeth。
8．Their　考查代词。此处指的是“Baboon Monitors”的工作，故此处要填形容词性物主代词Their。
9．and　考查连词。此处前后表述的内容是并列关系，故填and。
10．entering　考查非谓语动词。stop sb. doing sth. “阻止某人做某事”是固定用法，故填entering。
Ⅳ.短文改错
Last Sunday, I sat at my favorite table in a restaurant and wait for the food I had ordered to arrive. Suddenly I found that Lin Ling, one of my classmate, worked like a waitress there. Honest speaking, it was great surprise for me to find her working there. As far as I know, she's from a richer family. What was it that made her to work there? I walked up to her and asked her the reason. When asking, she said, “I just want to earn some pocket money so that we can help some children in poor areas go back to school.” How a good girl! I should learn from her.
答案：
Last Sunday, I sat at my favorite table in a restaurant and for the food I had ordered to arrive. Suddenly I found that Lin Ling, one of my ， worked a waitress there. speaking, it was great surprise for me to find her working there. As far as I know, she's from a family. What was it that made her work there? I walked up to her and asked her the reason. When ， she said, “I just want to earn some pocket money so that can help some children in poor areas go back to school.” a good girl! I should learn from her.
难项分析：
第一处：wait→waited　考查动词的时态。由时间状语“Last Sunday”可知用一般过去时。
第三处：like→as　考查介词。as “作为……”符合句意。
第八处：asking→asked　考查省略句。补充完整为：When she was asked, she said ... 此处省略了主语和be动词。