2021高三全国统考英语（话题版）一轮学案：第3编攻略二二说明文

二、说明文 一　说明原因类说明文1.技法点拨2．句式积累(1)描述现象常用语The Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our daily life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.互联网在我们的生活中起到了越来越重要的作用，它带来了很多便利，但也引发了很多问题。There is no denying that there are a variety of festivals during a year in China. Among them the Spring Festival stands out. It is a symbol of unity and harmony.毋庸置疑，中国一年内有很多节日。其中春节尤为重要，意味着团聚与祥和。(2)分析原因常用语The reasons for taking part in the voluntary work are as follows.参加志愿服务的原因如下。The reason why I recommend this to you is that it helps you have a better understanding of Chinese culture.我推荐这个给你的原因是为了让你更好地了解中华文化。(3)表达观点常用语As far as I'm concerned, we should take good care of the pocket money we have and not waste it on useless things.就我个人而言，我们应该保管好自己的零花钱，不要浪费在无用的东西上。As a proverb says, all work and  no play makes Jack a dull boy.正如谚语所说，只学习不玩耍聪明的孩子也变傻。It is obvious that hard work leads to success.不言而喻，成功源于勤奋。As you can see, great changes have taken place in our school these years.正如你们所见，我们学校这些年来发生了很大变化。We are in favor of the idea that taking public transportation instead of driving a car to and from work is beneficial to the environment.我们赞成这个观点：乘公共交通而不是开车上下班对环境有利。3．经典例文(2020·安徽省六安市毛坦厂中学东城校区高三模拟)众所周知，课堂是每个学生实现梦想的地方，然而，有一部分同学没有很好地利用它。请以How should we make good use of classes？为题， 写一篇文章，应包含以下要点：1．简要说明课堂的意义；2．目前课堂中存在的主要问题；3．分析原因并提出建议。注意：1.可根据内容需要适当拓展，以使行文连贯；2.词数100左右。How should we make good use of classes?    [精彩范文]How should we make good use of classes?As we all know, class is a place where students ought to work hard to realize their dreams. However, there are some students not using class properly, making things go from bad to worse. For example, some students play mobile phones or sleep in class, wasting quantities of precious time. What's worse, some students enjoy chatting with others. Not only does it affect their own study, but also it will do harm to others.As far as I am concerned, the main reason is that they don't realize the importance of study. To solve this problem, they have to understand making full use of class is the best way to improve the efficiency of study. After all, time waits for no man.4．写作模板In recent years, more and more people ... ________ (现象，表现或变化). In addition/Besides, ... (进一步阐述现象). This phenomenon has aroused discussion./Why should this phenomenon take place? There're generally ________ (数字) factors accounting for it. The main reason lies in ________ (阐述原因一). Secondly/Furthermore, ________ (阐述原因二). Other than that, ________   plays an important role in this issue as well (进一步阐述原因)．Therefore, ________ (总结现象导致的结果). In my opinion, ________ (陈述个人观点、建议等)．In a word, ________ (总结)．5．仿写演练请根据以下内容写一篇红星中学(Hongxing High School)的宣传单，为国际部招收新生做宣传。要点：1.学校简介；2.学校优势；3.欢迎报考。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Welcome to Hongxing High School    [精彩范文]Welcome to Hongxing High SchoolLocated in the centre of the city with the finest studying environment, Hongxing High School, honored as Model High School in our city, will present you with a fine place to equip yourself with knowledge.Why come here? You can experience the long history of 90 years. You will be provided with qualified teaching and management, where you can fully develop your mind. What's more, you can enjoy our delicious food as well as comfortable accommodation. To meet your needs, we offer a variety of subjects for you to choose from. Also, various activities are available. Most of all,  Internet access, swimming pool, keep­fit centre, and the digital library are all free of charge.You can never find a better school! Come and enjoy your school life in Hongxing High School！二　社会现象类说明文1.技法点拨2．句式积累With the development of agriculture and industry, the people's living conditions have increasingly improved.随着工农业的发展，人们的生活条件日益提高。With the rapid growth of our economy, more and more people own their own cars.随着经济的快速增长，越来越多的人拥有私家车。There's no doubt that more attention must be given to the problem of overusing the mobile phones.毫无疑问，对过度使用手机问题应予以重视。People's views on studying abroad vary from person to person. Some hold the view that it is a good chance to understand different cultures. However, others believe that it costs too much.人们对出国学习的观点因人而异，有些人认为那是了解不同文化的好机会，然而其他人却认为消费太高。In a word, changes in our life in the last 10 years have brought us comfort and convenience.总而言之，过去10年中生活的变化给我们带来了方便和舒适。From the above we can draw a conclusion that a healthy body helps to improve the quality of our life.根据以上情况我们可以得出结论：健康的身体有助于提高生活质量。Let's work hard in order to create a harmonious society.让我们努力工作以便创造一个和谐的社会。3．经典例文(2020·全国新高三开学联考)假定你是李华，你发现无论在家宴或朋友聚会中，很多人都沉迷于手机，而不与人沟通。请你向校英文报社写一封信，反映该情况，要点包括：1.你遇到的情况；2.你的认识和建议。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。    [精彩范文]Dear editor，I found many people addicted to their smart phones at the family feast or party. When I played jokes, no one gave me a response and I felt embarrassed. Though we sat just face to face, I felt the largest distance.Smart phones indeed change the ways of communication and improve our efficiency, but at the same time, they also distance us from others. Even when we are sitting together, everyone looks down and focuses on playing with their phones, ignoring others. How embarrassing!The time when we talk to our families and friends is precious, so don't let smart phones control our life.  Just put down the phone and cherish the people around us.Yours sincerely，Li Hua4．写作模板Recently ________ (一种共有的负面的社会现象). What amazes us most is ________ (最应引起深思或忧虑的现象). It is true that ________ (全社会或某组织该重视或行动起来应对这一问题). There are many reasons explaining ________ (这种境况). The main reason is ________ (主因). What is more ______ (第二个原因). Thirdly ________ (次要原因). As a result ________ (结果)．Considering all these, ________ (人们应采取措施). For one thing ________ (一方面), for another ________ (另一方面). In conclusion ________ (呼吁或倡议)．5．仿写演练请仔细观察、理解图片，按照要求完成一篇英语短文：注意：1.描述图片主要内容，并谈谈你的理解及看法；2．词数不少于120；3．文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。   　[精彩范文]As is shown in the picture, something is thrown out of a moving car and a cleaner can do nothing but glare at it.Nowadays, this phenomenon happens frequently, causing pollution to the environment and bringing heavy burden to the cleaners. Actually, it is not only rude but also dangerous to drivers and passers­by.Obviously, it is the ignorance of safety that leads to such behavior. In my view, we should take measures to solve the problem. On the one hand, laws should be made to stop it. Whoever throws waste from cars or buses will be fined. On top of it, the government can offer taxi drivers free waste bags so that passengers can throw waste into the bags. On the other hand, individuals should develop the awareness of environmental protection and keep it in mind that safety comes first. Only when all the people attach importance to society ethics can we have a better environment to live in.三　图表或图画类说明文1.技法点拨2．句式积累(1)段首常用语The table/chart/diagram/graph shows that almost all the students lack  sleep.由图中可以看出，几乎所有学生都睡眠不足。As can be seen in the picture, some people are standing hand in hand, forming the shape of a heart.从图中可以看出，一些人手拉手站在一起，形成一个心的形状。It is clear/apparent from the figures that more and more students enjoy reading nowadays.从数据中明显看出，目前越来越多的学生喜欢阅读。(2)正文常用语The output has increased by three times compared with that of last year.与去年相比产量增长了3倍。The price was reduced by 18 percent.价格下降了18%。The table shows a three­time increase over that of last year.表格显示比去年增长了3倍。The total number was lowered by 10%.总数降低了10%。The number is 5 times as much as that of 2015.数量是2015年的5倍。Compared with 2016, it fell from 15 to 10 percent.与2016年相比，从15%下降到10%。It would be expected to increase 3 times.预计将增长3倍。(3)段尾常用语It is time that measures should be taken to reduce the pollution.该是采取措施减少污染的时候了。It is high time that we put an end to the trend.该是我们停止这一趋势的时候了。3．经典例文最近，某中学校刊举办了一次关于“How do you use the Internet？”的问卷调查，全校2,000多名学生参与了该调查。请你根据图片提供的信息，用英语写一篇短文刊登在校报上，简要分析调查结果，发表自己的观点，并提出相应的建议。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。   　[精彩范文]Recently, a school magazine carried out a survey, concerning the topic “How do you use the Internet？” With 2,000 students taking part, the findings are as follows.As we can see in the pie chart, the majority of students use the Internet to entertain themselves, accounting for 69%, while those who regard it as a tool to search for information come second, taking up 23%. Surprisingly, only 8% of the participants claim to use it for study.Apparently, with easy access to the Internet, most of the students fail to make the best of it. Helpful as it may be to relieve pressure, it's hard to decide whether it is wasting their precious time.As far as I am concerned, we are supposed to use the Internet to broaden our horizons and explore more knowledge rather than focus on time－consuming entertainments.4．写作模板As is shown by the figure/percentage in the table/picture, ________ (介绍图表的内容) has been on the  rise/decline. From the sharp rise/decline in the chart, it goes without saying that ________ (图表表现的现象)．There are at least two good reasons accounting for ________ (造成上述现象的原因). On the one hand, ________ (第一个原因). On the other hand, ________ (第二个原因) is due to the fact that ________. In addition, ________ (其他原因) is responsible for ________. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________ (造成的结果). But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that ________ (作者自己的看法). I am sure my opinion is both sound and well­grounded.5．仿写演练假如你是学生会副主席，近期在你们学校8,000名学生中做了一项关于中学生课余兴趣爱好的调查，请你就调查结果写一份调查报告。 注意：1.词数80左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数；2．不得使用真实姓名或学校名称。Recently I have done a survey on the hobbies of the 8,000 students in our school. 　   　[精彩范文]Recently_I_have_done_a_survey_on_the_hobbies_of_the_8,000_students_in_our_school.The result shows that over 40% of them enjoy playing musical instruments in their spare time because it can cultivate people's taste. About 36% of them are fond of surfing the Internet which helps them know about the latest news in the world. What surprises me most is that few students pay much attention to reading and doing sports.In my opinion, more students should take up reading since it helps people make progress. What's more, they should take an active part in sports and develop other hobbies properly.四　解决问题类说明文1.技法点拨2．句式积累(1)提出问题，引出现象Recently the rise in the problem of parking the bike in our school has caused great concern.最近学校自行车停放问题引起极大关注。Nowadays, there is a growing concern about the problem that more and more students become nearsighted.越来越多的学生近视了。现在，人们越发关注这个问题了。At present, an increasing number of people come to be aware of the importance of doing  exercise regularly.目前，越来越多的人认识到定期锻炼的重要性。(2)提出解决办法There is no doubt that running does good to our health.毫无疑问跑步对健康有好处。We should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, raise people's awareness of environmental protection. For another,  save energy every day.我们应该采取一系列的有效措施来解决这个问题。一方面提高人们的环保意识；另一方面每天节约能源。It's hoped that great efforts should be made to save water.人们希望努力做到节约用水。3．经典例文(2019·河北省邢台市高三第一次月考)假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter来信向你倾诉他近来对网络社交媒体上瘾。这已严重影响了他的生活和学习。请你给他回一封电子邮件，内容包括：1．表示安慰；2．提出建议(关掉手机；发展新爱好；多和家人朋友待在一起)。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。   　[精彩范文]Dear Peter，I'm sorry to hear that you are addicted to social media and spend too much time on it so that your normal life is out of balance. Here are some suggestions for you to get rid of the bad habit.Firstly, instead of surfing the Internet, try turning off your phone or iPad for one day. Secondly, it is a good idea to develop a new hobby such as hiking, which is related to nature and can help you a lot. Finally, you can go to visit your friends or stay with your family to communicate with them face to face rather than online. The world is so wonderful, so don't get trapped in an unreal world.Hope the advice will be of help to you.Yours sincerely，Li Hua4．写作模板In recent days, we have to face the problem ________ (面对的问题), which is becoming more and more serious. First, ________ (说明此问题所反映的现状). Second, ________ (举例进一步说明现状)．Confronted with the situation, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with it. For one thing, ________ (解决方法一). For another, ________ (解决方法二). Finally, ________ (解决方法三)．Personally, I believe that ________ (我的解决方法). Consequently, I'm confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ________ (带来的好处)．5．仿写演练目前，中国已经进入汽车社会，越来越多的汽车正走进寻常百姓家。但是有些驾驶员的素质令人担忧，他们的所作所为严重危害了自己和他人的安全。这种现象与社会的发展极不协调。请你以李华的身份，结合下列几点写一封倡议书，倡议所有驾驶员做“中国好司机”。主要内容包括：1．简单描述以上现象；2．你的建议：①严格遵守交通规则；②不隔窗抛物；③礼让他人，不闯红灯。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：规则 regulations; 让路 give way to; 闯红灯 run the red lightDear drivers，At present, more and more cars have entered the homes of ordinary people. 　   Yours sincerely，Li Hua[精彩范文]Dear_drivers，At_present,_more_and_more_cars_have_entered_the_homes_of_ordinary_people. But what worries us a lot is some drivers' bad qualities. Their behavior harms the safety of others and themselves. This phenomenon is against the codes of our society. Therefore, I would like to offer some ideas for you to be good drivers.First, all of us must obey the traffic regulations. Second, you shouldn't throw things out of the car window. Some cleaners are hit by the passing cars and die per year while they are picking up the things you have thrown away. Next, give way to passers­by politely at the cross­roads and you mustn't run the red light. Last but not least, always remember: your family are waiting for you at home.I really hope all the drivers can take action from now on and try to be good Chinese drivers.Yours_sincerely，Li_Hua