2021版浙江高考英语（人教版）一轮复习基础考点聚焦必修1学案3Unit3　课后达标检测


(建议用时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·金华高三模拟)Among all the superfoods and fashionable diets, one style of eating consistently comes out on top as the best: the Mediterranean diet. In 2019, it was ranked as the best diet to try by U．S. News & World Report.
The Mediterranean diet places an emphasis on fresh, colorful eating and avoids heavily processed ingredients(原料). This way of eating focuses on foods like olive oil, nuts, fruits and vegetables, legumes, whole grains and fish. Wine is part of the typical Mediterranean diet, too, but you should drink it in a small quantity. This style of diet can also include some milk, chicken and duck—but, like wine, these are usually limited.
In a 2013 study in the New England Journal of Medicine, researchers found that people on a Mediterranean diet were far less likely to have a heart attack, stroke or other cardiovascular(心血管的) event than people who ate a low­fat diet. The study participants who ate a Mediterranean diet together with olive oil or nuts saw their risk of cardiovascular disease drop by 30 percent.
In another study, those who most closely followed a Mediterranean diet had a lower body mass index(BMI) and better body shape than those who adapted the diet’s style the least. This is likely because the diet is high in vitamin C and vitamin E. Also, it’s packed with fiber, a nutrient known for keeping you full.
A 2016 review of 18 studies in Frontiers in Nutrition found that eating Mediterranean, like having an anti­aging journey, was associated with less cognitive(认知的) decline, reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease, and better memory and controlling function. Additional research in the journal Neurology likened the diet’s effects to reducing the brain’s age by five years.
With all of these privileges, it makes sense that you may want to start a Mediterranean diet.
【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了地中海饮食的优势。
1．Which of the following belongs to the Mediterranean diet?
A．Plenty of milk products.
B．Colorful heavily processed foods.
C．Enough fresh fruits, vegetables and legumes.
D．Large amounts of whole grain, fish and wine.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“This way of eating focuses on foods like olive oil, nuts, fruits and vegetables, legumes, whole grains and fish.”可知，新鲜水果、蔬菜和豆类属于地中海饮食。
2．What does the underlined word “likened” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Enjoyed.　　　　　　　　 B．Weakened.
C．Increased. D．Compared.
D　解析：词义猜测题。根据第五段第一句和对全文的整体理解可知，本文主要在说明地中海饮食的优势，结合语境“Additional research”可推知，此处是进一步佐证这种观点。结合画线词所在句句意可推知，画线词有“类比”的含义，故选D。
3．What is the purpose of the author in writing this text?
A．To introduce a well­received diet.
B．To persuade the readers to eat regularly.
C．To stress the importance of eating well.
D．To describe different diets and their effects.
A　解析：写作意图题。根据首段点题和最后一段“With all of these privileges, it makes sense that you may want to start a Mediterranean diet.”以及文章的其他内容可推知，本文旨在推荐一种受欢迎的饮食方式，即地中海饮食，故选A。
B
On average, Americans spend about 10 hours a day in front of a computer or other electronic devices(设备) and less than 30 minutes a day outdoors. That is a claim made by David Strayer, a professor of psychology at the University of Utah. In his 2017 TED Talk, Strayer explained that all this time spent with technology is making our brains tired.
Using an electronic device to answer emails, listen to the news and look at social media puts a lot of pressure on the front of the brain, which, Strayer explains, is important for critical(有判断力的) thinking, problem­solving and decision­making.
So, it is important to give the brain a rest. And being in nature, Strayer claims, helps get a tired brain away from too much technology. More than 15，000 campers from around the world attended an international camping festival in September. That is when friends and family take time off and escape to nature for several days. They take walks, climb, explore, swim, sleep, eat and play. Camping may be just what a tired brain needs.
Take Carl for example. He lives in West Virginia and enjoys camping. He says that staying outdoors makes him feel at ease. It also prepares him for the work he must do. Kate Somers is another example who also lives in West Virginia. She says she enjoys camping with her husband and two children. She calls it a “regenerative” experience.
At the University of Utah, David Strayer has studied both short­term and long­term exposure to nature. He found that spending short amounts of time in nature without technology does calm the brain and helps it to remember better. However, he found, it is the long­term contact with nature that does the most good. He and his research team found that spending three days in nature without any technology is enough time for the brain to fully relax and reset itself.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。作者讲述了如今长时间使用电子设备对大脑的危害，鼓励人们放下这些电子设备，去户外让大脑休息一下。
4．What is David Strayer’s opinion?
A．Americans dislike outdoor activities.
B．Electronic equipment should be quitted.
C．New technologies are a double­edged sword.
D．Electronic equipment brings great convenience.
C　解析：推理判断题。依据第一段可知，David Strayer认为过多使用电子设备导致大脑疲劳，第二段中的“answer emails, listen to the news and look at social media”暗示着电子设备给我们生活带来的便利，因此科技有利有弊，选项C正确。
5．What does the underlined word “regenerative” mean?
A．Reborn. B．Memorable.
C．Remarkable. D．Tiring.
A　解析：词义猜测题。画线词所在段中作者举了Carl的例子，说明户外活动能使他放松并更好地工作，作者提到的“Kate Somers is another example...two children.”暗示着Kate与家人在户外的活动也给了她活力，因此选A项。画线词表示“有再生作用的，有再造能力的”。
6．Which is the proper title for the passage?
A．Electronic Equipment Harms the Brain
B．Good Rest Develops Good Memory
C．Tips on Using New Technologies
D．Being in Nature Is Good for the Brain
D　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，长时间盯着看或使用电子设备对大脑不利，作者鼓励人们放下这些高科技产品到大自然中去，给大脑一个休息时间。文中更是用Carl和Kate的例子说明走进大自然给大脑带来的益处，因此选项D适合作本文标题。
【难句分析】　Using an electronic device to answer emails, listen to the news and look at social media puts a lot of pressure on the front of the brain, which, Strayer explains, is important for critical(有判断力的) thinking, problem­solving and decision­making.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。主句使用了动名词短语Using an electronic device作主语；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the front of the brain。
译文：Strayer解释说，使用电子设备来回复邮件、听新闻、看社交媒体给大脑前端(前额叶)带来了很大的压力，这个区域对批判思考、解决问题和作决策都至关重要。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·杭州诊断)I recently visited India to meet women with AIDS. Having AIDS is considered as a mark of disgrace and the punishment is abandonment. Most of these women had been __1__ by their family.
What I __2__ most is how much they wanted to touch me and be touched as if physical __3__ somehow proved their __4__．
I spent time with the dying and saw rows of cots(折叠床). Every cot was __5__ except for one in the corner, so I went there, hoping to provide some help. The __6__ was a woman in her 30s. She had __7__ eyes and was skinny.
__8__， I suddenly felt helpless. I had nothing to __9__ her. I couldn’t save her, either.
I __10__ down and reached out to touch her—and when she __11__ my hand, she grabbed it and wouldn’t let go. We had been there together for a while when she pointed upwards. It took me some time to __12__ that she wanted to go up to the roof and sit outside. It was getting __13__ and the sun was going down, and no one seemed __14__ to take her upstairs.
I carried her up. She sat on a chair, facing the west and watching the __15__. I reminded the workers to __16__ her later. Then I had to leave. But she never __17__ me.
Sometimes it’s the people you can’t help who __18__ you the most. Optimism isn’t a passive expectation that things will get better. It is a(n) __19__ that we can make things better and we can help people if we don’t lose hope and don’t look __20__．
【解题导语】　我到印度去看望那些患有艾滋病、被家庭抛弃的妇女。在那里我遇到一位女病人，她要我带她到屋顶，我将她带到上面，然后就离开了，但是这个人却永远留在了我的心中。我由此次经历明白，只要心存希望并且不随便放弃，我们终究会使事情变好，帮助到别人。
1．A.beaten　　　　　　　　 B．abandoned
C．scolded D．cheated
B　解析：根据上文中的“the punishment is abandonment”可知，这些妇女中大多数已经被她们的家人抛弃了。故选B。
2．A.value B．complain
C．remember D．wonder
C　解析：根据文章开头的“I recently visited India”可知，文章叙述的是作者的回忆。由此可知，这里表示“我”记得最清楚的就是她们很想要触碰“我”并被触碰。故选C。
3．A.excitement B．collision
C．pleasure D．contact
D　解析：根据该空前的“touch me and be touched”可知，她们希望和“我”有身体接触(contact)，好像这样能以某种方式证明她们的价值(worth)。
4．A.birth B．failure
C．worth D．future
C　解析：参见上题解析。
5．A.occupied B．attended
C．made D．covered
B　解析：根据该空后的“hoping to provide some help”可知，每个折叠床(的病人)都有人照看，除了角落里的一个，所以“我”希望能给这个床的病人一些帮助。B项意为“看护，照料”，故选B。
6．A.patient B．witness
C．nurse D．worker
A　解析：根据第一段第一句中的“women with AIDS”可知，这里住的都是身患艾滋病的病人。故选A。
7．A.shining B．beautiful
C．sorrowful D．greedy
C　解析：根据语境以及该空后的“skinny”可知，她有着悲伤的眼睛且骨瘦如柴。故选C。
8．A.Otherwise B．However
C．Instead D．Besides
B　解析：根据上文的“hoping to provide some help”以及该空后的“I suddenly felt helpless”可知，本来“我”想帮助她，但突然发现“我”无能为力。此处与上文构成转折关系，故选B。
9．A.entertain B．protect
C．convince D．offer
D　解析：根据上文的“I suddenly felt helpless”并结合该空后的“I couldn’t save her, either.”可知，“我”什么也给不了她。故选D。
10．A.knelt B．calmed
C．went D．jumped
A　解析：根据该空后的“reached out to touch her”可推知，“我”跪下来(knelt down)，然后伸手去触碰她。故选A。
11．A.pushed B．felt
C．shook D．warmed
B　解析：根据该空前的“touch her”以及该空后的“she grabbed it and wouldn’t let go”可知，当“我”用手触碰她的时候，她感觉到了“我”的手，并且抓住它，不肯松开。故选B。
12．A.figure out B．get across
C．point out D．put down
A　解析：根据空后的“she wanted to go up to the roof”可推知，“我”花了一些时间，才弄明白她是要到屋顶上去坐一坐。A项意为“弄明白”，故选A。B项意为“解释清楚，传达”；C项意为“指出”；D项意为“记下，写下”。
13．A.clear B．cloudy
C．late D．windy
C　解析：根据该空后的“the sun was going down”可知，天已经很晚了。故选C。
14．A.brave B．determined
C．confident D．willing
D　解析：根据语境由于天很晚了，所以似乎没有人愿意带她到外面去。故选D。
15．A.night B．sunset
C．roof D．performance
B　解析：根据上文的“the sun was going down”可知，她坐在椅子上，面朝西方，看着日落。故选B。
16．A.treat B．save
C．comfort D．fetch
D　解析：根据空后的“I had to leave”可知，“我”要走了，所以“我”提醒工作人员稍后去将她接回来。故选D。
17．A.left B．forgot
C．forgave D．thanked
A　解析：根据空前的“I had to leave”和语境可推知，虽然“我”离开了她，但是她却仍然在“我”心中，没有离开。故选A。
18．A.challenge B．confuse
C．satisfy D．inspire
D　解析：结合上文内容可知，有时候，正是那些你无法给予帮助的人，给你的启发最大。inspire意为“启发思考”，故选D。
19．A.opportunity B．promise
C．belief D．intention
C　解析：根据空前一句可知，乐观不是被动地期待事情会变好。它是一种信念，即如果我们心存希望，不看向别处(即放弃)，那么我们就能够将事情变好，能够帮助到别人。故选C。
20．A.away B．up
C．out D．back
A　解析：参见上题解析。