2021版浙江高考英语（人教版）一轮复习基础考点聚焦必修5学案5Unit5　Firstaid


一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．bleed vi.& vt. 流血
2．ankle n. 踝(关节)
3．choke vi.& vt. (使)噎住；
(使)窒息
4．cupboard n. 橱柜；衣柜
5．ray n. 光线；射线
6．liquid n. 液体
7．radiation n. 辐射；射线
8．throat n. 咽喉；喉咙
9．stove n. 炉子；火炉
10．tissue n. (生物)组织；薄的织物；手巾纸
11．essential adj. 最重要的；不可缺少的；本质的
12．scissors n．(pl.) 剪刀
13．basin n. 盆；盆地
14．bandage n. 绷带
15．wrist n. 手腕
16．sleeve n. 袖子
17．layer n. 层；层次
18．nerve n. 神经；胆量
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．aid n．& vt. 帮助；援助；资助
2．skin n. 皮；皮肤
3．organ n. 器官
4．vital adj. 至关重要的；生死攸关的
5．pour vt.& vi. 倒；灌；注；涌
6．ceremony n. 典礼；仪式；礼节
7．swell vi.& vt. (使)膨胀；隆起
8．ambulance n. 救护车
9．temporary adj. 暂时的；临时的
10．squeeze vt.& vi. 榨；挤；压榨
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．press v．压，按→pressure n．压力；挤压；压迫(感)
2．poison n．毒药；毒害vt.毒害；使中毒→poisonous adj.有毒的　
3．vary v．变化→various adj.各种各样的→variety n．变化；多样(化)；多变(性)
4．mild adj.轻微的；温和的；温柔的→mildly adv.轻微地；温和地
5．tight adj.牢的；紧的→tightly adv.紧地；牢牢地
6．firm adj.(动作)稳定有力的；坚定的→firmly adv.坚固地；稳定地
7．apply vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用vi.申请；请求；使用；有效→applicant n．申请人→application n．申请
8．brave adj.勇敢的→bravely adv.勇敢地→bravery n．勇敢；勇气
9．treat vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待n.款待；招待→treatment n．治疗；疗法；对待；待遇
10．injure vt.损伤；伤害；使受伤→injured adj.受伤的；有伤的→injury n．损伤；伤害
11．bear vt.忍受→bearable adj.可忍受的→unbearable adj.不可忍受的


1.“帮助”家族
①aid n．& vt.　　　 帮助；援助；资助
②favour n. 帮助
③assist vt. 帮助；协助
④assistance n. 帮助；协助
⑤support n．& vt. 支持；帮助
⑥help vt. 帮助
2.“成双成对”的名词荟萃
①scissors　　　　 剪刀
②jeans 牛仔裤
③earphones 耳机
④trousers 裤子
⑤glasses 眼镜
⑥shoes 鞋子
3.“­ure”结尾的高频名词小结
①pressure　　　 压力
②pleasure 乐事；快乐
③exposure 暴露；揭发
④failure 失败
⑤mixture 混合物
⑥signature 签名
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．fall__ill 生病
2．make__a__difference 区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用
3．be__proud__of 以……而自豪
4．squeeze__out 榨出；挤出
5．over__and__over__again 反复；多次
6．in__place 在适当的位置；适当
7．put__one’s__hands__on 找到
8．a__number__of 若干；许多
9．a__knowledge__of ……的知识
10．cut__off 切掉；砍掉；阻断
11．take__off 起飞；流行；脱下；(事业)腾飞
12．act__as 担当；担任


1.“make a＋n.”短语荟萃
①make a difference　　 有影响；起(重要作用)
②make a decision 做决定
③make a promise 许诺
④make a friend 交朋友
⑤make a face 做鬼脸
⑥make a comment 做评论
2.“in＋n.”短语大聚会
①in danger　　　　　　　 在危险中
②in trouble 处于困境中
③in debt 负债，欠账
④in case 以防；万一
⑤in turn 反过来
⑥in place 在适当的位置；适当
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：unless引导条件状语从句
Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless__it__is__stuck__to__the__burn.
除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。
句型2：be doing... when...正在做……这时……
John was__studying__in__his__room__when he heard screaming.
约翰正在房间里学习，这时他听到了尖叫声。
句型3：It was...that...强调句型
It__was__John’s__quick__action__and__knowledge__of__first__aid__that saved Ms Slade’s life.　是约翰敏捷的行动和急救知识挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。
句型4：There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There__is__no__doubt__that John’s quick thinking and the first aid skills he learned at school saved Ms Slade’s life.　毫无疑问，是约翰敏捷的思维和在学校学到的急救技能挽救了斯莱德女士的生命。

二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．The survivors of the powerful earthquake lived in the temporary(临时的) tents until the new houses were built.
2．Regardless of all the barriers(障碍), Mary succeeded, winning invitations from many famous dance schools.
3．(2017·北京卷)Several days later, when the video was played on the graduation ceremony(典礼), it was well received.
4．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I firmly(坚定地) believe that I can be a qualified volunteer.
5．(2019·天津卷)Reading is a vital(至关重要的) part of my life.Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning.
6．Alice sat on the sofa quietly with tears pouring(pour) down her face.
7．A terrible accident must have happened there, for two ambulances(ambulance) rushed to the spot just now.
8．Tom took off his wet clothes and squeezed(squeeze)the water out.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ七选五)To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside.皮肤
2．(2019·天津卷阅读A)It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become.必要的
3．(2019·天津卷阅读D)The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that age is not a barrier to achieving one’s goal. 屏障，障碍
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity.潮湿的
5．(天津卷完形)She coughed and choked and could hardly survive her first few weeks.窒息
Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．He got injured during the football match and the injury was serious. (injure)
2．The people in the flooded area fought bravely against the natural disaster.Their bravery deserved to be praised. (brave)
3．Don’t press me any longer. These days, I can’t fall asleep because the coming final exam is putting great pressure on me. (press)
4．The applicants who want to apply for the position should hand in their applications. (apply)
5．People had to treat themselves in their own way before they received the treatment sent by the government. (treat)
6．We like to live a life full of variety and our tastes are various. (vary)
Ⅳ.选词成篇
make a difference; squeeze out; in place; a knowledge of; be of vital importance to; put one’s hands on
There is no doubt that it 1.is__of__vital__importance__to know 2.a__knowledge__of first aid as danger lies everywhere and accidents happen from time to time. As for bleeding badly, 3.put__your__hands__on a clean handkerchief or a piece of cloth and slow the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds. Shortly after that, you should put him 4.in__place and wait for ambulance. If a person is drowning, you must 5.squeeze__out the water in his stomach at first. The way to deal with being poisoned by the gas is to open the doors and windows to let the fresh air in. All in all, your quick action and knowledge of first aid can 6.make__a__difference to saving one’s life.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．(2018·江苏卷)除非你能睡得好，否则一两个晚上后你就会失去集中注意力、做好规划和保持积极性的能力。
Unless__you__can__sleep__well,__you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
2．正是拥有真诚和信任我们才创造了一个和谐的氛围。
It__was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.
3．我正在想是否要参加，这时英语老师走了过来，告诉我这是我展示才华的好机会。
I was__wondering whether to participate when my English teacher came by, telling me that it was a good chance to display my talent.
4．毫无疑问，那里的孩子极需要关爱和帮助。
There__is__no__doubt__that children there are badly in need of care and help.

aid　n．& vt.帮助；援助；资助
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The government took immediate action to__aid(aid) the earthquake victims as soon as the earthquake happened.
②Neighbours aided him with money when he almost lost everything in the fire.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
③(普通表达)She believes the story might have had a different ending if those good people had not helped her.
(高级表达)She believes the story might have had a different ending if those good people had not come__to__her__aid．

(1)do/give first aid to sb.　 对某人急救
come to one’s aid 帮助某人
with the aid of... 在……的帮助下
(2)aid sb.in (doing) sth. 帮助某人做某事
aid sb. with sth. 以某事/物帮助某人
aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
[佳句背诵] I couldn’t speak any French, but a nice man came to my aid and told me where to go.
我不会说法语，但是一位好心的男士来帮助我并告诉我怎么走。
vital　adj.至关重要的；生死攸关的
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·天津卷)Understanding history is vital to understanding(understand) ourselves as a people and as a nation.
②What’s more, some drivers, cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to__obey(obey) the traffic rules.
[能力提升]——微写作
③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)在中国，当你参加晚宴时，注意餐桌礼仪是至关重要的。
It’s__vital__that__you__should__mind__your__table__manners in China when you attend a dinner party.

be vital for/to sth.　　　　 对(做)某事极为重要
be of vital importance to... 对……至关重要
It is vital that sb. (should) do sth.
某人(应该)做某事是极其重要的。
[佳句背诵] If we are to make a difference in life, it’s vital that we should begin with small things.
如果我们想在生活中发挥作用，重要的一点就是我们应该从小事开始。
treat　vt.& vi.治疗；对待；款待　n．款待；招待
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Men and women must be__treated(treat) equally in education and employment.
②(2018·浙江卷6月读后续写)It was summer, and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before.
③(天津卷)Cathy suffered some terrible illness in her early childhood. After years of regular treatment(treat), she finally became healthy.
[能力提升]——句式升级
④(普通表达)If the patient was treated in a proper way，he was likely to be saved.
(高级表达)Treated__in__a__proper__way，the patient was likely to be saved.(分词作状语)

(1)treat sb.as...　　　　 把某人当……看待
treat sth.seriously 认真对待某事/某物
treat sb./oneself to... 用……款待某人/自己
(2)It’s my treat. 我请客。
[佳句背诵] Our teachers are kind to us and treat us as their friends.
我们的老师对我们都很好，并且拿我们当朋友对待。
[联想发散] “把……当……看待”的表达形式：
①treat...as...；
②regard/consider...as...；
③think__of...as...．
apply　vt.涂；敷；搽；应用；运用　vi.申请；请求；使用；有效
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义
①Applying(apply) yourself to your study, you will pass your exam.
②I’d appreciate it if you could take my application(apply) into account at your convenience.
③He slowed the bleeding by applying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived. 按，压
[能力提升]——微写作
④(2018·浙江卷6月应用文写作)听说你们需要一些志愿者接待来访问我们学校的国外学生，我很高兴写信申请这份工作。
Hearing that you are in need of some volunteers to receive foreign students visiting our school, I’m__gladly__writing__to__apply__for__this__job．

apply...to...　　　　 把……运用到……中；
把……涂到……上
apply to... 适应……；适用于……
apply (to...) for... (向……)申请……
apply oneself to... 集中精力于……
[佳句背诵] We had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions.
我们必须写一篇论文，讨论如何将课堂上学到的知识应用到未来的职业中去。
in place　在适当的位置；适当
[基础练习]——对比填空
(1)in place与in place of
①The doctor advised her to eat more bean products in__place__of meat which might be harmful to her heart.
②Mother makes it a rule to put newspapers scattered in the room in__place every morning.
(2)take place与take the place of
③Important changes took__place in the lives of women in the 20th century.
④Mary will take__the__place__of Tom to arrange the meeting to be held next week.

(1)out of place　　　　 不在适当位置；不合适
in place of 代替；取代
in the first place 首先；第一点
(2)take place 发生
take one’s place 就座；代替
take the place of 代替；取代
[佳句背诵] In the first place, with a good command of English, I’m quite qualified for the job.
首先，我很适合这份工作，因为我的英语很好。(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
make a difference　区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①What you have said will make no difference to the naughty boy.
②The twins are so alike；it’s difficult to tell the difference between them.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
③(普通表达)I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible. I hope my behavior will work.
(高级表达)I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible. I hope my behavior will make__a__difference．

(1)make no difference (to sb./sth.)
　　　　　　 对……没有作用或影响
make some difference (to sb./sth.)
对某人/物有些作用或影响
(2)tell the difference 分辨；区分；区别
[佳句背诵] There is no doubt that only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in our life. 　毫无疑问，只有言行一致我们才能在生活中产生影响。

unless引导条件状语从句
(教材P34)Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.　除非衣服粘贴在烧伤面上，否则都要把衣服脱掉。如果需要的话，可以使用剪刀。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Unless the weather gets(get) better，I will stay at home.
②I won’t attend the party to be held tomorrow unless invited(invite)．
[能力提升]——一句多译
众所周知，除非你有规律地进行锻炼，否则身体就不会健康。
③It is known to all that unless__you__exercise__regularly,__you won’t keep fit. (unless)
④It is known to all that if__you__don’t__exercise__regularly,__you won’t keep healthy. (if)

(1)unless意为“除非；如果不”，引导一个肯定的条件状语从句，可与if...not引导的否定状语从句互换。
(2)unless引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来意义，主句多用一般将来时。
(3)在unless引导的条件状语从句中，主语和部分谓语有时可以省略。　
[佳句背诵] All the photographs in this book, unless stated otherwise, date from the 1950s.　书中所有的照片，除非另做说明的，全部都源于20世纪50年代。
be doing...when... 正在做……这时……
(教材P38)John was studying in his room when he heard screaming.
约翰正在房间里学习，这时他听到了尖叫声。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Just last year, I was__conducting(conduct) a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door.
②I had just lain down when the telephone rang.
③She opened her eyes with a start and was about to cry out when she heard her father urgently telling her to keep quiet.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④我们正在为周末出游收拾行李，这时我的女儿听到求救的叫喊声。
We were__packing__to__leave__for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.

be doing...when... 　 正在做……这时……
be about to do...when... 正打算做……这时……
be on the point of doing ...when ...
正要做……这时……
had just done ...when ... 刚做了……这时(突
然)……　
[佳句背诵] I was on my way to the bookstore and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car.
我去书店的路上，正在一个十字路口等绿灯，这时一个大约十岁的女孩被一辆驶过的汽车撞倒了。
[名师点津] when 为并列连词，表示“这时；突然”，相当于and then/and at that time。

Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．(2019·天津卷)However，technology is also the application(apply) of scientific knowledge to solve a problem, touching lives in countless ways.
2．(2019·天津卷)A war injury(injure) has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison.
3．The firefighter almost got choked(choke) because of the heavy smoke in the house.
4．Factories produce large amounts of chemicals that are poisonous(poison) to human beings.
5．The heavy stress from the study was unbearable(bearable), so Li Lin got depressed and decided to give up.
6．Extra lessons on Sundays put more pressure(press) on students, who already have piles of homework in fact.
7．The poor little boy was lying in the middle of the road, bleeding(bleed) very heavily.
8．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning(turn) brown.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．The project, unless approved(approve) by the government, will not be carried out soon.
2．In face of failure, it is vital that we (should)__keep(keep) up a good state of mind.
3．The professor had just finished his speech when students rushed out of the classroom.
4．Whether he can get the support from his parents or not makes no difference to his plan.
5．With the local community aiding them with the inves－tigation, the police soon found out the criminal.
Ⅲ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)
1．Please clean the wound with a clean cloth and then apply the medicine to it.vt.涂；敷；搽
2．Money was tight, but we had a roof over our heads, food on the table, clothes on our backs and, if not a lot, always enough.adj.不宽裕的
3．I stood there trembling and trying to choke back the tears.控制住

提能一　语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
(一)
One day, Tom was driving his car to his company 1.when he saw a girl injured in a traffic accident. To make matters worse, the girl was bleeding.Jumping out of the car, Tom gave her first aid and then put her 2.in place, waiting for the ambulance. As a result, his knowledge of first aid made a 3.difference(differ) to the girl.
(二)
One day Mike 1.was__studying(study) in his room when he heard a scream from the kitchen. He rushed to the kitchen and found his mother got burned while 2.cooking(cook). Mike remembered what he had learned at school. First, he took off the clothes that his mother was wearing near the burns. Then, he put clean cloth in the cold water, 3.squeezed(squeeze) the water out and placed it on the burned area over 4.and over again until the pain was not so bad. At last, he put his hands 5.on a dry and clean bandage to cover the burned area and held the bandage in place with tape. Then he went to a doctor with his mother.
提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
你校英文报正在开展主题为“急救知识”的征文活动。请你用英语写一篇短文向英文报社投稿，介绍自己所了解的急救知识。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①割伤是日常生活中非常常见的伤，会疼、肿或流血。
Cuts are__very__common__injuries__in__our__daily__life,__which will cause__pain,_
_swelling__or__bleeding．
②伤员也许会感染甚至死亡。
The injured may__get__infected or even die.
③知道一些处理割伤的知识的确起作用。
A__knowledge__of__how__to__treat__cuts__can__make__a__big__difference.
④对简单的割伤，仅需要洗净伤口部位，擦干并用干燥而干净的布包扎。
For a simple cut, it is only necessary to wash the area of the cut, dry it and cover__it__with__a__piece__of__dry__clean__cloth．
⑤如果这个人流血很严重，通过向伤口施压止血至关重要。
If the person is__bleeding__badly/heavily,__it__is__vital__that__you__should__try_
_to__stop__the__bleeding__by__applying__pressure__to__the__injury．
⑥那是因为如果他/她失去三分之一的血，也许会死亡。
That is because if__a__person__loses__one__third__of__his__or__her__blood,__he or she may die.
⑦如果必要的话，把伤员送往医院。(省略句)
If__necessary,__take__the__injured__person__to__the__hospital.
2．升级平淡句
⑦用强调句式升级句③
It__is__a__knowledge__of__how__to__treat__cuts__that__can__make__a__big__difference.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：what’s worse, however)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Cuts are very common injuries in our daily life, which will cause pain, swelling or bleeding. What’s worse, the injured may get infected or even die. However, it is a knowledge of how to treat cuts that can make a big difference.
For a simple cut, it is only necessary to wash the area of the cut, dry it and cover it with a piece of dry clean cloth. If the person is bleeding badly/heavily, it is vital that you should try to stop the bleeding by applying pressure to the injury. That is because if a person loses one third of his or her blood, he or she may die. If necessary, take the injured person to the hospital.

(建议用时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·温州高三模拟)One of the easiest ways to stop the spread of disease is to simply wash your hands. Twenty seconds of handwashing with soap and water can reduce illnesses and save lives. But, many people, especially children, do not have good handwashing habits. One problem is that children do not wash their hands often enough or long enough. Children may think that it is a tiresome thing to do.
To help handle this problem, two businesswomen from India created a product to turn handwashing into a fun activity. Amanat Anand and Shubham Issar created a tool called SoaPen, aimed at teaching kids good handwashing habits and encouraging kids to wash their hands with soap appropriately and regularly.
“It’s such a simple habit to do, but the fact is that people aren’t doing it, and it’s resulting in actual deaths—which is shocking. So, we decided to come up with a fun method，” said Issar.
As the name suggests, SoaPen is a pen made out of soap. The children draw on their hands with the soap pen and then wash the drawing off. If they don’t spend enough time washing it off, the colors remain on the children’s hands. Issar said it makes sure that children take enough time to wash their hands. This may be especially helpful in a classroom. Often a teacher does not have the time to make each child wash his hands properly.
Kids actually wash their hands for the proper amount of time because they’re drawing on their hands. To obliterate the drawing, they actually wash their hands instead of just going under water and, you know, a one­second wash and off.
Good news is that the school children in Mumbai, India, will soon most likely wash their hands after handling a pet. Issar and Anand stated that SoaPen to be created everywhere will help promote good habits through handwashing in the city across the globe.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了SoaPen。SoaPen是一款画笔样式的液态洗手产品，孩子们可用它在手上涂抹然后洗手，如果他们没有花足够的时间洗手，颜色会留在他们的手上，这会让洗手充满乐趣。
1．Why does SoaPen come into existence?
A．To cure kids of some kinds of diseases.
B．To teach kids the importance of soap.
C．To help kids wash their hands correctly.
D．To make money from children consumers.
C　解析：细节理解题。依据第一段中的“One problem is that children do not wash their hands often enough or long enough.”可知，问题是孩子们洗手的频率不够或洗手的时间不够长；再联系第二段中的“aimed at teaching kids good handwashing habits and encouraging kids to wash their hands with soap appropriately and regularly”可知，发明SoaPen的目的在于让孩子们养成良好的洗手习惯，由此可知选项C正确。
2．What does the underlined word “obliterate” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．Show.　　　　　　　　 B．Reserve.
C．Learn. D．Remove.
D　解析：词义猜测题。依据该段的“Kids actually wash their hands for the proper amount of time because they’re drawing on their hands.”可知，孩子们需要用足够的时间去洗手才能洗掉SoaPen的图案，由画线词后的内容可知，为了消除SoaPen留在手上的痕迹，孩子们不再只是匆匆洗手了。由此可知，画线词与remove意思相近，故选D项。
3．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．SoaPen has become popular worldwide.
B．The inventors think SoaPen has a bright future.
C．SoaPen has been applied in Mumbai schools.
D．Kids’ health should be paid more attention to.
B　解析：推理判断题。依据该段的“Issar and Anand stated that SoaPen to be created everywhere will help...across the globe.”可知，发明者表示SoaPen将在世界各地生产，这也会促进在全球推广好的洗手习惯，她们对SoaPen的未来有信心，由此可知选项B正确。
B
Public libraries are an excellent resource for research, literacy(读写能力) education, and reading­centered events. Most towns have one or share library services with other towns through a mobile library, and the use of a public library is free to people who are willing to apply for a library card.
There are several primary sources of library funding(资金), starting with national funds which are distributed to states or provinces. These regions send the funds on to public libraries. Local governments also play an important role in providing funding for libraries, and most librarians apply for grants(拨款). Finally, private donations help to maintain libraries—most libraries have an association of Friends of the Library which organizes fund­raising sales and pays annual dues to help maintain the library.
Grants and private donations can also be used to provide a large amount of funding for public libraries, and some large libraries maintain a separate staff member to increase the amount of funding that they can obtain through these sources. Grants include technology grants which allow libraries to install and upgrade computer systems, grants which focus on a particular topic such as science, fiction, children’s books, or local history, and education grants which support locally­based community efforts such as after­school reading programs. Many private donors are pleased to support their local public libraries by donating funds or including some library in their wills, and libraries reward their donors with treats like after­hours visits or privileged access to special collections.
By combining multiple resources, creative librarians can keep their libraries useful, informative, and fun for browsers. When it comes to supporting public libraries, every little bit counts: if you cannot afford to donate to a local library, think about volunteering time to help shelve books, lead after­school programs, or organize fund­raisers. Being active with your public library is a very important way to contribute to your local community.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了图书馆资金的几个主要来源。
4．How many main sources of library funding are mentioned?
A．Two. B．Three.
C．Four. D．Five.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段可知，图书馆资金来源主要有三个：国家资金；当地政府的拨款；私人捐款。
5．What does the underlined word “browsers” refer to in the last paragraph?
A．Viewers in the library.
B．Programs used to view documents.
C．People running the library.
D．Donors visiting the library regularly.
A　解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“By combining multiple resources, creative librarians can keep their libraries useful, informative, and fun for browsers．”可知，通过组合多种资源，有创造力的图书馆馆长可以使他们的图书馆有用、信息丰富并且对于browsers来说有趣。故可推知browsers应是去图书馆的人。故答案为A。
6．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To stress the value of public libraries.
B．To appeal for donation to local libraries.
C．To introduce sources of public library funding.
D．To show the procedure of funding libraries.
C　解析：写作意图题。本文主要介绍了图书馆资金的几个主要来源，故答案为C。A项是第一段的中心，不是文章的写作目的，可以排除；最后一段的最后两句提到支持图书馆有多种方式，可以从很多小事做起，作者并没有强调要给图书馆捐款，所以也没有“呼吁”一说，故排除B项；D项错在procedure，文章并未提及相关信息，故排除D项。
【难句分析】　Grants include technology grants which allow libraries to install and upgrade computer systems, grants which focus on a particular topic such as science, fiction, children’s books, or local history, and education grants which support locally­based community efforts such as after­school reading programs.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句，句子主干是Grants include technology grants, grants and education grants，句中有三个which引导的定语从句。
译文：拨款包括让图书馆安装和更新电脑系统的技术拨款，关注某个特定话题，如科学、小说、儿童书籍或当地历史的拨款以及支持当地社区活动如课外读书项目的教育拨款。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·杭州四校联考)I love to travel alone for one reason: the strangers. Talking to strangers along your travels can change your trip into an adventure. 1.________．
Don’t ignore your fellow tourists. On a casual road trip, I went into a local shop. Waiting in a line to pay, I asked the woman ahead of me if she was from the area. “Nope. Oklahoma，” she told me. “Why？” 2.________. The man behind me jumped in and recommended some places worth visiting.
Stop using your phone. You need to be an open person, with open body language and open eyes and without a shield(盾). But my phone often gets between me and the surroundings. It ruins my chances to make eye contact with the people I see. 3.________， take a deep breath and make a sacred deal with yourself not to touch it. Put it in a different pocket than you usually do every time you reach for it.
4．________. I’ll start by choosing a place to have morning coffee or breakfast. After that, I’ll let a local suggest what to do. I’ve found that the easiest way to do this is to talk to people who are in open roles, such as people who work in restaurants, stores, or museums or ask someone seated near you on a bench or in a cafe. Ask where the person’s favorite street is.
Don’t be afraid of getting lost. On a visit to London a few years ago, I got out from the tube and got hopelessly lost. 5.________. So I stepped into a pub to dry myself and ended up listening to a woman telling me about her years as a spy.
A．It began to rain
B．Let strangers make all your plans
C．When you’re watching somebody
D．I will share my experience with you
E．If stopping using it feels unsafe to you
F．Never feel afraid of the strangers you meet
G．I replied I was on a trip, looking for scenic spots
【解题导语】　作者用自己的亲身经历介绍了独自旅行的一些注意事项。
1．D　解析：由空前的“I love to travel alone for one reason: the strangers. Talking to strangers along your travels can change your trip into an adventure.”可知，作者喜欢独自旅游的一个原因是陌生人；在旅行时，和陌生人交谈可以让旅行变成一种冒险。又由下文所列的四个方面可知，D项符合语境。
2．G　解析：根据空前的“Why？”可知，G项中的“I replied”与其呼应，且空处起到承上启下的作用，所以G项符合语境。
3．E　解析：本段内容是围绕电话而讲的，且根据空后的“make a sacred deal with yourself not to touch it”可知，E项“If stopping using it feels unsafe to you”与此呼应，符合语境。
4．B　解析：根据空后的“I’ll start by choosing a place to have morning coffee or breakfast. After that, I’ll let a local suggest what to do.”可知，本段讲的应是让当地人给“我”旅行的建议，故B项“Let strangers make all your plans”与之呼应。故选B。
5．A　解析：根据空后的“So I stepped into a pub to dry myself”可知，前一句讲的内容与该句中的“dry myself”有关。故A项“It began to rain”符合语境。
【难句分析】　I’ve found that the easiest way to do this is to talk to people who are in open roles, such as people who work in restaurants, stores, or museums or ask someone seated near you on a bench or in a cafe.
分析：that引导宾语从句，两个who都引导定语从句，“seated near you on a bench or in a cafe”作定语修饰someone。
译文：我发现最简单的方式是和那些开放的角色交谈，例如在餐馆、商店或博物馆工作的人，或者也可以在坐在长椅上或咖啡店时询问那些坐在你旁边的人。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Chinese high­speed railways are a very 1.__________(comfort) way to travel. They are clean, quiet and efficient. China has led other developing countries and even some developed ones in this field since the first high­speed train 2.____________(come) into use in 2008.
The stations are 3.____________(main) built outside the town center, but local transport has been lengthened 4.____________(connect) the high­speed network. The facilities on the train are new and the staff are well­trained. Even the second­class 5.____________(chair) provide plenty of space. The passages are so wide 6.____________ you can move without disturbing anyone. You can use your mobile phone, access 7.____________ Internet or work on your laptop. There is also a restaurant car, though the kinds of food 8.____________(be) limited. The toilets are large, clean and user­friendly too. The train almost doesn’t rock. Even when the train brakes, you can hardly feel it shake.
What’s more, with a faster check­in, the high­speed trains are also 9.____________(little) affected by weather than planes. Seldom are 10.____________ delayed or cancelled for weather condition. Therefore, they have become the first choice for many passengers.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国发达的交通工具——高铁。
1．comfortable　解析：考查形容词。修饰名词一般用形容词，所以用形容词comfortable修饰名词“way”，在句子中作定语。
2．came　解析：考查动词的时态。主句的时态为现在完成时，根据该句中的“since”和时间状语“in 2008”可知，从句用一般过去时。
3．mainly　解析：考查副词。修饰动词一般用副词，故用副词mainly修饰动词built，在句子中作状语。
4．to connect　解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处是不定式作目的状语，故填to connect。
5．chairs　解析：考查名词的单复数。chair是可数名词，根据其后的谓语动词provide和语境可知，此处表示复数概念，故填chairs。
6．that　解析：考查连词。根据该句中的“so”，并结合语境可知，此处考查固定用法so...that...，意为“如此……以至于”，引导结果状语从句，故填that。
7．the　解析：考查冠词。此处表示“访问网络”，Internet常和定冠词the连用。
8．are　解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处为一般性描述，应用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知，本句是一个被动句，主语为the kinds of food; limit和句子主语the kinds of food是被动关系，即be＋done的形式，故填are。
9．less　解析：考查副词的比较级。根据句中的“faster”和“than”可知，此处含有比较的含义，故填副词比较级less，修饰动词affected，在句子中作状语。
10．they　解析：考查代词。否定副词“Seldom”置于句首，引起部分倒装，系动词are位于主语之前，空处指代上文提到的“the high­speed trains”，是复数形式，故用they。
写作规范练(五)
(建议用时：45分钟)
Ⅰ.应用文写作
(2020·金华十校模拟)你校学生会计划举办“汉语桥”活动，你受学生会委托写一则通知，邀请你校美国留学生参加此活动。
内容包括：
1.介绍活动的意义；
2.邀请美国留学生参加动员会(the pep rally)；
3.动员会的时间、地点。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已为你写好，但不计入总词数。
Notice
Dear overseas students from America，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Students’ Union
One possible version：
Notice
Dear__overseas__students__from__America，
Here comes the news that a Chinese Bridge activity will be held in our school. So all of participants are warmly welcome in the pep rally to get fully prepared for the follow­ups.
①Aimed at promoting Chinese culture around the world, the Chinese Bridge acts as a platform to help narrow the gap of understanding China. Whoever is actively involved in the activity will develop a positive awareness of Chinese and its culture behind. ②Based on it, the pep rally is scheduled in our school auditorium from 2 pm－3 pm next Friday afternoon.
Please make sure you are available at that time and join us.
Students’__Union
【一句多译】
①The Chinese Bridge, whose aim is to promote Chinese culture around the world, acts as a platform to help narrow the gap of understanding China.
②Based on it, it is scheduled that the pep rally will be held in our school auditorium from 2 pm－3 pm next Friday afternoon.
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Jenny was the only child in her family. She had a quarrel with her mother that afternoon and she ran out of the house angrily. She couldn’t help weeping sorrowfully when she thought of the__scolding__from__her__mother. Having wandered aimlessly in__the__street for hours, she felt a little hungry and wished for something to eat. She stood beside a stand for a while, watching the middle­aged seller busy doing his business. However, with no money in hand, she gave a sigh and had to leave.
The seller behind the stand noticed the young girl and asked, “Hey, girl, you want to have the noodles？”
“Oh, yes, but I don’t have money on me，” she replied.
“That’s nothing. I’ll treat you today，” said the man. “Come in.”
The seller brought her a bowl of noodles, and the smell was so attractive. As she was eating, Jenny cried silently.
“What is it？” asked the man kindly.
“Nothing. Actually I was just touched by your kindness！” said Jenny as she wiped her tears. “Even a stranger on the street will give me a bowl of noodles, while my mother drove me out of the house. She showed no care for me. She is so merciless compared to a stranger！”
Hearing the words, the seller smiled,__“Girl, do you really think so? I only gave you a bowl of noodles and you thanked me a lot. But it is your mother who has raised you since you were a baby. Can you number the times she cooked for you? Have you expressed your gratitude to her？”
Jenny sat there, speechless and numb with shock; she remembered her mother’s familiar__face and weathered hands. “Why didn’t I think of that? A bowl of noodles from a stranger made me feel indebted. Why haven’t I thanked my mum for what she has done for me？”
On the way home, Jenny made up her mind to make an apology to her mother for her rudeness as soon as she arrived home.
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2．至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3．续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4．续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1：
Approaching the doorway，______________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
A gentle touch on her hair called her mind back._____________________________ ____
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Paragraph 1：
Approaching the doorway, Jenny took a deep breath. Tired and sad, she sat down in front of the house. “Where might my mother be？” she wondered. “Is she really so angry with me that she doesn’t want to show any care for me？” Again, the scene of the quarrel appeared in her mind. She remembered her rudeness to her mother, and she just realized that all the__scolding__from__her__mother was due to the fact that her mother really cared a lot about her. Tears rolled down her cheeks.
Paragraph 2：
A gentle touch on her hair called her mind back. She raised her head to see the familiar__face and the worried eyes. “Here you come! I’ve been looking for you，” came the tired voice. Jenny couldn’t help but throw herself into her mother’s arms. “I’m sorry and thank you for all you have done for me.” She expressed the sincere apology and the great gratitude. Then she felt the hug tightened.